Eng Materials

1. The ________ of a material is a computed strength which does not bear a specific relationship to the maximum stress the material will sustain before fracture. ANSWER: modulus of rupture 2. What is another name for bulk modulus of elasticity? ANSWER: volume modulus 3. what is another name for modulus of elasticity? ANSWER: Young’s modulus 4. What type of materials properties which refer to the behavior of the materials under the application of forces? ANSWER: Mechanical properties 5. The ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain is called _______. ANSWER: Poisson’s Ratio 6. What is the opposite of elasticity? ANSWER: Plasticity 7.  _________ is the property of a material by virtue of which is permanent deformation can occur. ANSWER: Plasticity 8. The capacity of a material to absorb energy within elastic range is known as  _______. ANSWER: Resilience 9. What is the maximum stress to which a material may be subjected before failure occurs? ANSWER: Ultimate strength 10. The amount of energy per unit volume which the material will possess when subjected to the elastic limit stress is called ________. ANSWER: Modulus of resilience 11. What refers to the quality of a material by virtue of which it may be plastically elongated? ANSWER: Ductility 12. __________ 12. __________ is defined as the stress at which the material exhibits a specified limiting permanent set. ANSWER: Yield strength 13. What is the measure of the total energy-absorbing energ y-absorbing capacity of the material and includes the energy of both the elastic and plastic deformation? ANSWER: modulus of toughness 14. What property of a material refers to a qualitative term meanin g “difficult to  break”? ANSWER: Toughness 15. What is the property of a material by b y virtue of which it may be plastically compressed? ANSWER: Malleability 16. In engineering, __________ is usually defined as resistance to penetration. ANSWER: Hardness 17. Which of the following properties varies directly with temperature? ANSWER: Ductility

18. Factor of safety is the ration of: ANSWER: allowable stress to working stress 19. ________ is the kind of stress below which it is known that failure will not take  place. ANSWER: Allowable stress 20. A combination of elements which possess metallic properties is called ANSWER: Alloy 21. Science which deals with the preparation and application of metals and alloys ANSWER: metallurgy 22. Steel is an alloy of ANSWER: iron and carbon 23. What is the most undesirable of all the elements co mmonly found in steel? ANSWER: Phosphorous 24. What physical property of a material refers to the point at which a material liquefies on heating or solidifies on cooling? ANSWER: melting point 25. What is the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in another material? ANSWER: Refractive index 26. What alloy has high electrical resistance, high corrosion resistance and high strength at red heat temperatures, making it useful in resistance heating? ANSWER: Nichrome 27. What element is added to nickel to improve its electrical and magnetic properties? ANSWER: Iron 28. There are 14 different three-dimensional crystalline structures known as ANSWER: Bravais lattices 29. The smallest repeating unit of a Bravais lattice is known as _______ ANSWER: unit cell or cell 30. __________ are different atomic arrangements of the same atom ANSWER: allotropes 31. _____ are noncrystalline substances that have neither definite form nor structure ANSWER: Amorphous substances 32. The electrical and magnetic characteristics of materials are influenced greatly by  ______. ANSWER: Valence electrons 33. What is the relative permeability of ferromagnetic materials? ANSWER: Much greater than 1 34. Iron is ______ above its Curie temperature ANSWER: paramagnetic 35. “Magnetic susceptibilities of most paramagnetic materials are inversely  proportional to their absolute temperatures” this is known as ANSWER: Curie law 36. A material can fail after repeated stress loadings even if the stress level never exceeds the ultimate strength, a condition known as ______ ANSWER: fatigue failure

37. The ratio of material strength to factor of safety ANSWER: Allowable stress 38. Simplest and most common grade of steel is the ______ ANSWER: Carbon steel 39. What refers to the reference sheet for the elements that can be used to form engineering materials? ANSWER: Periodic table 40. ______ are crystalline materials, usually compounds formed with strong covalent or ionic bonds between atoms ANSWER: Ceramics 41. The electrical property of the material can also be considered as _____ property. ANSWER: Physical 42. What is the outermost fiber stress developed when a material is loaded as a simply supported beam and deflected to a certain value of a strain? ANSWER: Flexural stress 43. What refers to the time-dependent permanent strain under stress? ANSWER: Creep 44. What is another term for “fatigue strength” of the material? ANSWER: Endurance limit 45. Polymer comes from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “meros” which means _______ ANSWER: part 46. Who has been accepted as the author of the periodic table which was developed  by chemists in the mid nineteenth century? ANSWER: Mendeleev 47. What physical property of a material refers to the amou nt of weight gain (%) experienced in a polymer after immersion in water for a specified length of time under a controlled environment? ANSWER: Water absorption 48. What physical property of a material refers to the ratio o f the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance 1 degree to the heat required to raise the same mass of water to 1 degree? ANSWER: Specific heat 49. What typical penetrator is used in Brinell hardness test? ANSWER: 10mm ball 50. What is the ratio of the maximum load in a tension test to the original crosssectional area of the test bar? ANSWER: Tensile strength 51. Some polymetric materials such as epoxies are formed by strong primary chemical bonds called ________ ANSWER: cross linking 52. A large molecule with two alternating mers is known as _______ ANSWER: copolymer or interpolymer 53. What term is used to describe a polymer that has rubberlike properties? ANSWER: Elastomer

54. What type of steel has 0.8% carbon and 100% pearlite? ANSWER: Eutectoid 55. Steels that are used for axles, gears, and similar parts requiring medium to high hardness and high strength are known as? ANSWER: Medium-carbon steel 56. Galvanized steel are steel products coated with ________ ANSWER: Zinc 57. The use of acids to remove oxides and scale on hot-worked steels is known as ANSWER: Pickling 58. What do you add to compensate for the remaining high iron oxide content of the steel? ANSWER: Deoxidizers 59. Which of the following cast irons is a high-carbon, iron-carbon-silicon alloy? ANSWER: Gray iron 60. Which cast iron is hard and wear resistant? ANSWER: White iron 61. What is a coal that has been previously burned in an oxygen-poor environement? ANSWER: Coke 62. What is the most common reinforcement for polymer composites? ANSWER: Glass fiber 63. The most abundant metal in nature is ANSWER: Aluminum 64. The average ratio of stress to strain for materials operating in the n onlinear region in the stress strain diagram is called ANSWER: Secant modulus 65. What is a combination of one or more metals with nonmetallic element? ANSWER: Ceramic 66. Solids in which the atoms are located in regularly defined, repeating positions throughout the structure. ANSWER: Metals 67. What is the basic electrical property of a material? ANSWER: Conductivity 68. A measure of the amount of charge that flows per unit of time in response to an applied electrical field? ANSWER: Conductivity 69. Atoms in the metal can slip and slide past one another without regard to electrical change constraints in response to the applied force and thus absorb the impact without breaking. This phenomenon is called: ANSWER: ductile behavior of metals 70. The most prevalent engineering metal due to the abundance of iron ore is ANSWER: Steel 71. What subject covers the refinement of pure metals from their ores? ANSWER: Extractive metallurgy 72. ________ is the earth and stone mixed with the iron oxides. ANSWER: Gangue

73. What alloy is 40-60% copper and nickel and has a high electrical resistance and is used in thermocouples? ANSWER: Constantan 74. What is the most common alloying ingredient in co pper? ANSWER: Zinc 75. All are nickel alloys having low or zero thermal expansion used in thermostats except one. Which one? ANSWER: Nichivar 76. The physical property of a material that refers to the rate of heat flow per unit time in a homogenous material under steady-state conditions, per unit area, per unit temperature gradient in a direction perpendicular to area? ANSWER: Thermal conductivity 77. Material property which refers to the deviation from edge straightness ANSWER: Camber 78. The ability of material to resist deterioration by chemical or electrochemical reactions with environment is ________. ANSWER: Corrosion resistance 79. What is the measure of rigidity? ANSWER: Modulus of elasticity 80. What is the amount of energy required to fracture a given volume of material? ANSWER: Impact strength 81. What mechanical property of a material which is a time-dependent permanent strain under stress? ANSWER: Creep 82. Which of the following is a natural magnet? ANSWER: Lodestone 83. What type of steel has carbon as its principal h ardening agent? ANSWER: Carbon steel 84. Oxidation is a loss of ANSWER: Electron 85. Process of putting back lost electrons to convert the ion back to a metal ANSWER: Reduction 86. Oxidation in an electrochemical cell always takes place where? ANSWER: At the anode 87. Reduction in an electromechanical cell always takes place where? ANSWER: At the cathode 88. Fluid that conducts electricity is _________ ANSWER: Electrolyte 89. Alnico contains how much nickel? ANSWER: 14% 90. How are materials classified? ANSWER: Metallic and non-metallic 91. What type of materials behaves like iron placed in a magnetic field? ANSWER: Ferromagnetic materials 92. __________ materials are magnetically more permeable than a vacuum ANSWER: Paramagnetic

93. Metallic materials are classified as: ANSWER: Ferrous and nonferrous 94. The characteristics of materials such as strength, hardness, elasticity, ductility refers to what property of the materials? ANSWER: Mechanical property 95. ________ properties of a material refers to the characteristics of the material in the absence of external forces ANSWER: Physical 96. What is defined as one in which all of the variables affecting a given property are controlled and the property in question is measured under fixed conditions? ANSWER: Mechanical test 97. What is a deformation caused by the application of an external force? ANSWER: Strain 98. Which is not one of the general types of stress? ANSWER: Torsion 99. The property of regaining the original shape upon the removal of the external load is known as _________ ANSWER: Elasticity 100. The maximum stress to which a material can be subjected without any deviation from the proportionality of stress and strain is called the ____ ____ ANSWER: Proportional limit