Bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs. Ygqumsmtcs kg bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs: d) bufdr< i) tmg`pc: [ír`mocs y pbdzcs: Nþ`putc kg bcs pbdzcs< n) hcr`d (ncosmkgrdnmþo kg bd bgofud chmnmdb). Kghgntcs kg bcs dntcs: Oubmkdk, doubdimbmkdk, mrrgfubdrmkdk< suisdodnmþo kg kghgntcs
[G@D
95
YGHGYGONMD^ BGFM^BD[MXD^ Ncostmtunmþo Gspdôcbd, kg 96 kg kmnmg`irg kg 4=61, nuyd úbtm`d `ckmhmndnmþo sg ad prckunmkc pcr Yghcr`d kgb drtànubc 4>7, kg 96 kg sgptmg`irg kg 9544 Bgy 4/9555, kg 6 kg gogrc, kg Gojumnmd`mgotc Nmvmb, nuyd úbtm`d `ckmhmndnmþo sg ad prckunmkc pcr Bgy 6/9546, kg 9 kg ocvmg`irg, pcr bd b d qug sg moncrpc mo ncrpcrd rd db crkgo crkgod`mgot d`mgotcc juràkmnc jur àkmnc gspdô gspdôcb cb bd Kmrgn Kmrgn-tmvd 954>/44/WG, kgb Udrbd`gotc Gurcpgc y kgb Ncosgjc, kg 94 kg `dyc kg 954>, rgbdtmvd d bd rgscbunmþo dbtgrodtmvd kg bmtmfmcs go `dtgrmd kg ncosu`c Ygdb Kgnrgtc kg 9; kg jubmc kg 411=, pcr gb qug sg dprugid gb Nþkmfc Nmvmb, nuyds úbtm`ds `ckmhmndnmcogs sg ado prckunmkc pcr Bgy 95/9544, kg 94 kg jubmc, kgb Ygfmstrc Nmvmb y pcr Bgy 47/9547, kg 9 kg jubmc, kg bd Jurmskmnnmþo Xcbuotdrmd Bgy Crfäomnd 8/4=17, kg 4 kg jubmc, kgb Uckgr Jukmnmdb, nuyd úbtm`d `ckmhmndnmþo sg ad prckunmkc pcr Bgy Crfäomnd 4>/9547, kg 7 kg cntuirg, kg `ckmhmndnmþo kg bd Bgy kg Gojumnmd`mgotc Nrm`modb pdrd gb hcrtdbgnm`mgotc kg bds fdrdotàds prcngsdbgs y bd rgfubdnmþo kg bds `gkmkds kg movgstmfdnmþo tgnocbþfmnd
CIJG[MXC^ Ncocngr nuäbgs sco bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs, sus rgqumsmtcs kg bufdr, tmg`pc y hcr`d, dsà nc`c bcs pcsmibgs kghgntcs go bcs qug pugkgo monurrmr
Urcngkm`mgotcs Jukmnmdbgs. D) Ocr`ds Nc`uogs d tckcs bcs Urcngkm`mgotcs Nmvmbgs. [g`d 95
4.
BC^ DN[C^ UYCNG^DBG^
4.4 Ncongptc ^ungsc prckunmkc pcr bd vcbuotdk ncosnmgotg kg qumgogs motgrvmog go uo prcngsc, qug `ckmhmnd dbfuoc kg bcs vàonubcs c rgbdnmcogs juràkmnds qug nc`pcogo kmnac prcngsc, nrgäokcbcs, `ckmhmnäokcbcs c gxtmofumíokcbcs y prckunmgokc pcr tdotc ghgntcs go íb. Bd vcbuotdrmgkdk gs gb gbg`gotc gsgonmdb qug motgfrd db dntc prcngsdb, pgr`mtmíokcbc kmhgrgonmdrbc kg bcs sm`pbgs agnacs prcngsdbgs: gb trdosnursc kgb tmg`pc, bd hugrzd `dycr, gtn. qug sm imgo pugkgo monmkmr go gb prcngsc, bc adngo nco mokgpgokgonmd kg uo dntc vcbmtmvc kg pgrscod kgtgr`mod. Hmodb`gotg ncovmgog prgnmsdr dquà qug tckcs gbbcs sg motgfrdo go gb prcngsc, kg sugrtg qug bd ncondtgodnmþo kg dntcs prcngsdbgs, kcokg ndkd dntc gs prgsupugstc kg dk`msmimbmkdk kgb smfumgotg, d trdvís kgb prcngkm`mgotc gspgnàhmnc dpbmndibg go ndkd ndsc, motgfrd gb prcngsc go su ncojuotc.
4.9 Urmonmpmcs prcngsdbgs rgbdtmvcs d bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs D. Ncongotrdnmþo Urmonmpmc kg ndräntgr hcr`db qug gxmfg, pdrd dngbgrdr gb prcngsc, qug go uo `ms`c `c`gotc c hdsg prcngkm`gotdb sg rgdbmng gb `äxm`c kg dntcs prcngsdbgs qug sgd pcsmibg.
Xcndiubdrmc Urgnbusmþo: gs bd pírkmkd c gxtmonmþo kg uod hdnubtdk c pctgstdk prcngsdb. ^u huokd`gotc sg gonugotrd go bd gspgnmdb kmspcsmnmþo go qug sg ado kg kgsdrrcbbdr bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs. Gstc gs, go bd ogngsmkdk kg gstdibgngr uo bà`mtg tg`pcrdb db prcngsc, m`pmkmgokc bd rgdbmzdnmþo kg dntudnmcogs prcngsdbgs hugrd kgb tmg`pc bgfdb`gotg prgvmstc
44;
I. Urgnbusmþo Ncosgnugonmd kgb crkgo sungsmvc kg bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs, kmvmkmgokc gb prcngsc go hdsgs, gs gb prmonmpmc kg prgnbusmþo, ncohcr`g db nudb, sm kgotrc kg ndkd hdsg kgb prcngsc oc sg prdntmndo go gbbd bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs qug bd bgy kgtgr`mod pdrd kmnac pgrmckc, gb prcngsc ncotmoudrä su nursc ncosmkgräokcsg qug gb kgrgnac d prdntmndr kmnacs dntcs d ndkundkc c prgnbumkc. Ncosgnugonmd kg gstg prmonmpmc sco: -
Gb drtànubc drtànubc 4>9.4 kg bd BGN sgfúo gb nudb, nudb, bds dntudnmcogs kgb prcngsc sg prdntmndräo go bcs tír`mocs c kgotrc kg bcs pbdzcs sgôdbdkcs pdrd ndkd uod kg gbbds.
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Gb drtànubc 4>8 kg bd BGN rghgrmkc d bd prgnbusmþo go bcs smfumgotgs tír`mocs: trdosnurrmkc gb pbdzc c pdsdkc gb tír`moc sgôdbdkc pdrd bd rgdbmzdnmþo kg uo dntc prcngsdb kg pdrtg sg prckunmrä bd prgnbusmþo y sg pgrkgrä bd cpcrtuomkdk kg rgdbmzdr gb dntc kg qug sg trdtg. Gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd kgjdrä ncostdonmd kgb trdosnursc kgb pbdzc
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
Bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs
pcr `gkmc kg kmbmfgonmd y dncrkdrä bc qug prcngkd c kdrä nugotd db trmiuodb d hmo kg qug kmntg bd rgscbunmþo qug ncrrgspcokd.
N. M`pubsc prcngsdb Ncohcr`g d gstg prmonmpmc, gs ogngsdrmc qug go ndkd prcngsc dbfumgo dsu`d bd cibmfdnmþo kg rgdbmzdr dqugbbcs dntcs qug kgtgr`modo bd hmodbmzdnmþo kg uod kg sus hdsgs y bd dpgrturd kg bd smfumgotg. Gstd cibmfdnmþo, go gb dntudb gsqug`d kg bd BGN, bd dsu`g nco ndräntgr fgogrdb gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd. Dsà, sdbvc qug bd bgy kmspcofd ctrd ncsd, gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd kdrä kg chmnmc db prcngsc gb nursc qug ncrrgspcokd, kmntdokc db ghgntc bds rgscbunmcogs ogngsdrmds.
K. Uuibmnmkdk Gstg prmonmpmc, qug nc`c vgrg`cs tmgog nmgrtds gxngpnmcogs y bm`mtdnmcogs, gxmfg nco ndräntgr fgogrdb qug bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs sg rgdbmngo oc sþbc nco ncocnm`mgotc kg tckds bds pgrscods qug motgrvmgogo go gb prcngsc, smoc kg nudbgsqumgrd pgrscods qug bc kgsggo. Udrtm`cs kgb drtànubc 495.4 y > NG kg dnugrkc nco gb nudb: -
Bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs sgräo púibmnds, nco bds gxngpnmcogs qug prgvgdo bds bgygs kg prcngkm`mgotc
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Bds sgotgonmds sgräo smg`prg smg`prg `ctmvdkds y sg prcouonmdräo go go dukmgonmd dukmgonmd púibmnd. púibmnd.
Udrd bbgfdr db ncotgomkc nconrgtc kg bd BGN< kcokg kmstmofum`cs:
d. Uuibmnmkdk kg bds dntudnmcogs crdbgs Bds dntudnmcogs kg prugid, bds vmstds y bds nc`pdrgngonmds nuyc cijgtc sgd càr d bds pdrtgs dotgs kg kmntdr uod rgscbunmþo sg prdntmndräo go dukmgonmd púibmnd. Bds dntudnmcogs dotgrmcrgs pckräo, oc cistdotg, ngbgirdrsg d pugrtd ngrrdkd nudokc gbbc sgd ogngsdrmc pdrd bd prctgnnmþo kgb crkgo púibmnc c kg bd sgfurmkdk odnmcodb go uod scnmgkdk kg`cnrätmnd, c nudokc bcs motgrgsgs kg bcs `gocrgs c bd prctgnnmþo kg bd vmkd prmvdkd kg bds pdrtgs y kg ctrcs kgrgnacs y bmigrtdkgs bc gxmjdo c, go hmo, go bd `gkmkd go bd qug gb trmiuodb bc ncosmkgrg gstrmntd`gotg ogngsdrmc, nudokc pcr bd nconurrgonmd kg nmrnuostdonmds gspgnmdbgs bd puibmnmkdk pukmgrd pgrjukmndr d bcs motgrgsgs kg bd justmnmd. Dotgs kg dncrkdr bd ngbgirdnmþo d pugrtd ngrrdkd kg nudbqumgr dntudnmþo, gb trmiuodb cmrä d bds pdrtgs qug gstuvmgrdo prgsgotgs go gb dntc. Bd rgscbunmþo dkcptdrä bd hcr`d kg dutc y ncotrd gbbd oc sg dk`mtmrä rgnursc dbfuoc, smo pgrjumnmc kg hcr`ubdr prctgstd y susnmtdr bd nugstmþo, sm hugrg dk`msmibg, go gb rgnursc prcngkgotg ncotrd bd sgotgonmd kghmomtmvd. k ghmomtmvd. Bcs Bgtrdkcs kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd pckräo dkcptdr `gkmdotg kgnrgtc bd `ms`d `gkmkd go dqugbbds dntudnmcogs prcngsdbgs qug kgido prdntmndrsg go `dtgrmds kg su gxnbusmvd nc`pgtgonmd. Hrgotg d gstg kgnrgtc sþbc ndirä rgnursc kg rgpcsmnmþo. Bd rgbdnmþo kg sgôdbd`mgotcs kgb þrfdoc jukmnmdb kgigrä adngrsg púibmnd. Bcs Bgtrdkcs kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd vgbdräo pcrqug bcs huonmcodrmcs nc`pgtgotgs kg bd Chmnmod jukmnmdb puibmqugo go uo bufdr vmsmibg db púibmnc, gb prm`gr kàd aäimb kg ndkd sg`dod, bd rgbdnmþo kg sgôdbd`mgotcs ncrrgspcokmgotgs d su rgspgntmvc þrfdoc jukmnmdb, nco mokmndnmþo kg bd hgnad y acrd kg su ngbgirdnmþo, tmpc kg dntudnmþo y oú`grc kg prcngkm`mgotc.
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
447
Urcngkm`mgotcs Jukmnmdbgs. D) Ocr`ds Nc`uogs d tckcs bcs Urcngkm`mgotcs Nmvmbgs. [g`d 95
i. Mohcr`dnmþo scirg bds dntudnmcogs Bcs Bgtrdkcs kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd y huonmcodrmcs nc`pgtgotgs kg bd Chmnmod jukmnmdb hdnmbmtdräo d nudbgsqumgrd pgrscods qug dnrgkmtgo uo motgrís bgfàtm`c y kmrgntc nudotd mohcr`dnmþo scbmnmtgo scirg gb gstdkc kg bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs, qug pckräo gxd`modr y ncocngr, sdbvc qug sgdo c auimgrgo smkc kgnbdrdkds rgsgrvdkds ncohcr`g d bd bgy. [d`imío pckräo pgkmr dquíbbds, d su ncstd, bd citgonmþo kg ncpmds sm`pbgs kg gsnrmtcs y kcnu`gotcs qug ncostgo go bcs dutcs, oc kgnbdrdkcs rgsgrvdkcs. D pgtmnmþo kg bds pgrscods d qug sg rghmgrg gb dpdrtdkc dotgrmcr, y d su ncstd, sg gxpgkmräo pcr gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd bcs tgstm`comcs y ngrtmhmndkcs qug scbmnmtgo, nco gxprgsmþo kg su kgstmodtdrmc. Oc cistdotg bc kmspugstc go bcs pärrdhcs dotgrmcrgs, bcs trmiuodbgs pcr `gkmc kg dutc pckräo dtrmiumr ndräntgr rgsgrvdkc d bd tctdbmkdk c d pdrtg kg bcs dutcs nudokc tdb `gkmkd rgsubtg justmhmndkd nudokc gbbc sgd ogngsdrmc pdrd bd prctgnnmþo kgb crkgo púibmnc c kg bd sgfurmkdk odnmcodb go uod scnmgkdk kg`cnrätmnd, c nudokc bcs motgrgsgs kg bcs `gocrgs c bd prctgnnmþo kg bd vmkd prmvdkd kg bds pdrtgs y kg ctrcs kgrgnacs y bmigrtdkgs bc gxmjdo c, go hmo, go bd `gkmkd go bd qug gb trmiuodb bc ncosmkgrg gstrmntd`gotg ogngsdrmc, nudokc pcr bd nconurrgonmd kg nmrnuostdonmds gspgnmdbgs bd puibmnmkdk pukmgrd pgrjukmndr d bcs motgrgsgs kg bd justmnmd. Bds dntudnmcogs kg ndräntgr rgsgrvdkc sþbc pckräo sgr ncocnmkds pcr bds pdrtgs y pcr sus rgprgsgotdotgs y kghgoscrgs, smo pgrjumnmc kg bc prgvmstc rgspgntc kg agnacs y kdtcs nco rgbgvdonmd pgodb, trmiutdrmd c kg ctrd àokcbg.
n. Dnngsc d bmircs, drnamvcs y rgfmstrcs jukmnmdbgs Bds pgrscods qug dnrgkmtgo uo motgrís bgfàtm`c pckräo dnngkgr d bcs bmircs, drnamvcs y rgfmstrcs jukmnmdbgs qug oc tgofdo ndräntgr rgsgrvdkc y citgogr, d su ncstd, tgstm`comc c ngrtmhmndnmþo kg bcs gxtrg`cs qug mokmqugo.
G. Mo`gkmdnmþo Gstg prmonmpmc, sg rghmgrg prmonmpdb`gotg d bcs dntcs qug ado kg rgdbmzdrsg go bds hdsgs crdbgs kg ndkd prcngsc, g m`pbmnd qug bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs kgigo rgdbmzdrsg go prgsgonmd kgb jugz c trmiuodb qug gstg ncocnmgokc gb prcngsc. Bcs Jugngs y bcs @dfmstrdkcs `mg`ircs kgb trmiuodb qug gstí ncocnmgokc kg uo dsuotc prgsgonmdräo bds kgnbdrdnmcogs kg bds pdrtgs y kg tgstmfcs, bcs ndrgcs, bds gxpcsmnmcogs, gxpbmndnmcogs y rgspugstds qug adydo kg chrgngr bcs pgrmtcs, dsà nc`c bd nràtmnd crdb kg su kmntd`go y nudbqumgr ctrc dntc kg prugid qug, ncohcr`g d bc kmspugstc go bd BGN, kgid bbgvdrsg d ndic ncotrdkmntcrmd y púibmnd`gotg. Bds vmstds y bds nc`pdrgngonmds qug tgofdo pcr cijgtc càr d bds pdrtgs dotgs kg kmntdr uod rgscbunmþo sg ngbgirdräo smg`prg dotg gb Jugz c bcs @dfmstrdkcs motgfrdotgs kgb trmiuodb qug ncocznd kgb dsuotc. Bc kmspugstc sgrä kg dpbmndnmþo d bcs Bgtrdkcs kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd rgspgntc kg dqugbbds dntudnmcogs qug adydo kg rgdbmzdrsg úomnd`gotg dotg gbbcs. Bd mohrdnnmþo kg bc kmspugstc go bcs pärrdhcs dotgrmcrgs kgtgr`modrä bd oubmkdk kg pbgoc kgrgnac kg bds ncrrgspcokmgotgs dntudnmcogs.
4.> Nbdsgs kg dntcs prcngsdbgs Go huonmþo kgb sujgtc qug bcs g`mtg kmstmofum`cs: -
Dntcs kgb Jugz c [rmiuodb: ^co dntcs dntcs smg`prg kg ndräntgr kgnmscrmc. ^g ^g `domhmgstdo d trdvís kg prcvmkgonmds, dutcs y sgotgonmds.
448
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
Bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs
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Dntcs kgb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd: Uugkgo sgr dntcs kgnmscrmcs, kg nc`uomndnmþo c kcnu`gotdnmþo. ^g `domhmgstdo d trdvís kg kmbmfgonmds y kgnrgtcs.
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Dntcs kg bds pdrtgs go gb prcngsc: Uugkgo Uugkgo sgr kg citgonmþo, citgonmþo, (d su vgz kg: pgtmnmþo, dhmr`dnmþo c prugid) c kmspcsmtmvcs scirg gb prcngsc, (nc`c go gb dbbdod`mgotc, gb kgsmstm`mgotc c bd trdosdnnmþo). ^g `domhmgstdo d trdvís kg bcs kmhgrgotgs gsnrmtcs kg kg`dokd, ncotgstdnmþo, rgncovgonmþo gtn.< bds kgnbdrdnmcogs vgridbgs go dukmgonmd prgvmd c go gb dntc kgb jumnmc< c bcs gsnrmtcs kg prcpcsmnmþo kg rgnurscs y rgnurscs, gtn.
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Dntcs kg tgrngrcs: ^co ^co huokd`gotdb`gotg huokd`gotdb`gotg bcs bcs qug sg `domhmgstdo go bd hdsg kg prugid kurdotg gb jumnmc, duoqug ndigo ctrcs nc`c pcr gjg`pbc bcs kgrmvdkcs kg bd motgrvgonmþo kg tgrngrcs go gb prcngsc `gkmdotg tgrngràd kg `gjcr kgrgnac. ^g `domhmgstdo d trdvís kg gsnrmtcs, kgnbdrdnmcogs tgstmhmndbgs, pgrmnmdbgs, gtn.
9.
YGTWM^M[C^ KG BC^ DN[C^ UYCNG^DBG^: D) BWFDY< I) [MG@UC: [ÍY@MOC^ ] UBDZC^: NÞ@UW[C KG BC^ UBDZC^< N) HCY@D (NCO^MKGYDNMÞO KG BD BGOFWD CHMNMDB)
9.4 d) Bufdr ^gfúo gb drtànubc 49= kg bd BGN, bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs sg rgdbmzdräo go bd sgkg kg bd Chmnmod jukmnmdb, sdbvc dqugbbds qug pcr su odturdbgzd sg kgido prdntmndr go ctrc bufdr. Bds dntudnmcogs qug kgido rgdbmzdrsg hugrd kgb pdrtmkc jukmnmdb kcokg rdkmqug bd sgkg kgb trmiuodb qug ncocznd kgb prcngsc sg prdntmndräo, nudokc prcngkd, `gkmdotg duxmbmc jukmnmdb. [d`imío pckräo kgspbdzdrsg hugrd kgb tgrrmtcrmc kg su nmrnuosnrmpnmþo pdrd bd präntmnd kg dntudnmcogs kg prugid, ncohcr`g d bc prgvgomkc go bd BGN y go gb drtànubc 967 kg bd BCUJ qug kgtgr`mod qug pckräo bcs Jugngs rgdbmzdr nudbgsqumgrd kmbmfgonmds kg mostrunnmþo pgodb go bufdr oc nc`prgokmkc go gb tgrrmtcrmc kg su jurmskmnnmþo, nudokc gb `ms`c sg adbbdrg prþxm`c y gbbc rgsubtdrg ncovgomgotg, kdokc mo`gkmdtd octmnmd db Jugz nc`pgtgotg. Bcs Jugngs y [rmiuodbgs kg ctrcs þrkgogs jurmskmnnmcodbgs pckräo td`imío prdntmndr kmbmfgonmds kg mostrunnmþo c prugid hugrd kgb tgrrmtcrmc kg su jurmskmnnmþo nudokc oc sg pgrjukmqug bd nc`pgtgonmd kgb Jugz ncrrgspcokmgotg y vgofd justmhmndkc pcr rdzcogs kg gncoc`àd prcngsdb.
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
M`pcrtdotg Bcs trmiuodbgs pckräo ncostmtumrsg go nudbqumgr bufdr kgb tgrrmtcrmc kg su nmrnuosnrmpnmþo pdrd bd präntmnd kg bds dntudnmcogs nudokc hugrg ogngsdrmc c ncovgomgotg pdrd bd iugod dk`momstrdnmþo dk`momstrdnm þo kg justmnmd.
446
Urcngkm`mgotcs Jukmnmdbgs. D) Ocr`ds Nc`uogs d tckcs bcs Urcngkm`mgotcs Nmvmbgs. [g`d 95
9.9 i) [mg`pc: [ír`mocs y pbdzcs: Nþ`putc kg bcs pbdzcs D. Kmspcsmnmco Kmspcsmnmcogs gs fgogrdbgs kg bd Bgy Crfäomnd kg Uckgr Jukmnmdb Gstäo ncotgomkds go gb Ndpàtubc MM kgb [àtubc M kgb Bmirc MMM kg bd BCUJ: Kgb tmg`pc aäimb pdrd bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs. -
^co moaäimbgs d ghgntcs prcngsdbgs bcs säidkcs y kc`mofcs, bcs kàds 9; y >4 kg kmnmg`irg, kmnmg`irg, bcs kàds kg hmgstd odnmcodb y bcs hgstmvcs d ghgntcs bdicrdbgs go bd rgspgntmvd nc`uomkdk dutþoc`d c bcndbmkdk. Gb Ncosgjc Fgogrdb kgb Uckgr Uckgr Jukmnmdb, Jukmnmdb, `gkmdotg rgfbd`gotc, pckrä pckrä adimbmtdr gstcs kàds d ghgntcs ghgntcs kg dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs go dqugbbcs ndscs oc prgvmstcs gxprgsd`gotg pcr bds bgygs. ^co acrds aäimbgs aäimbgs kgskg bds 1 kg bd `dôdod d bds 1 kg bd tdrkg, sdbvc qug bd bgy kmspcofd bc ncotrdrmc.
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^gräo moaäimbgs bcs kàds kgb `gs kg dfcstc pdrd tckds bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs, gxngptc gxngptc bds qug qug sg kgnbdrgo urfgotgs pcr bds bgygs prcngsdbgs. Oc cistdotg, gb Ncosgjc Fgogrdb kgb Uckgr Jukmnmdb (NFUJ), `gkmdotg rgfbd`gotc, pckrä adimbmtdrbcs d ghgntcs kg ctrds dntudnmcogs.
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^mo pgrjumnmc pgrjumnmc kg bc bc kmspugstc dotgrmcr`gotg, dotgrmcr`gotg, tckcs bcs kàds kgb dôc y tckds bds acrds sgräo aäimbgs pdrd bd mostrunnmþo kg bds ndusds nrm`modbgs, smo ogngsmkdk kg adimbmtdnmþo gspgnmdb. Bcs kàds y acrds moaäimbgs pckräo adimbmtdrsg nco sujgnmþo d bc kmspugstc go bds bgygs bgygs prcngsdbgs.
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Bcs pbdzcs prcngsdbgs prcngsdbgs sg nc`putdräo nco drrgfbc d bc kmspugstc go gb Nþkmfc Nmvmb. Go bcs sgôdbdkcs pcr kàds qugkdräo gxnbumkcs bcs moaäimbgs. ^m gb gb úbtm`c úbtm`c kàd kg pbdzc hugrg moaäimb, sg gotgokgrä gotgokgrä prcrrcfdkc db prm`gr prm`gr kàd aäimb smfumgotg. smfumgotg. ^mgokc qug gb drtànubc drtànubc 7.4 kgb NN gstdibgng qug qug smg`prg qug oc sg gstdibgznd ctrd ncsd, go go bcs pbdzcs sgôdbdkcs pcr kàds, d ncotdr kg uoc kgtgr`modkc, qugkdrä ístg gxnbumkc kgb nþ`putc, gb nudb kgigrä g`pgzdr go gb kàd smfumgotg< y sm bcs pbdzcs gstuvmgsgo hmjdkcs pcr `gsgs c dôcs, sg nc`putdräo kg hgnad d hgnad. Nudokc go gb `gs kgb vgonm`mgotc oc auimgrd kàd gqumvdbgotg db momnmdb kgb nþ`putc, sg gotgokgrä qug gb pbdzc gxpmrd gb úbtm`c kgb `gs.
I. Kmspcsmnmco Kmspcsmnmcogs gs kg bd Bgy kg Gojumnmd`mgotc Gojumnmd`mgotc Nmvmb d. Kàds y acrds aäimbgs Bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs adiräo kg prdntmndrsg go kàds y acrds aäimbgs. ^co kàds moaäimbgs d ghgntcs prcngsdbgs bcs säidkcs y kc`mofcs, y bcs kàds 9; y >4 kg kmnmg`irg, bcs kàds kg hmgstd odnmcodb y bcs hgstmvcs d ghgntcs bdicrdbgs go bd rgspgntmvd Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d c bcndbmkdk. [d`imío sgräo moaäimbgs bcs kàds kgb `gs kg dfcstc. ^g gotmgokg pcr acrds aäimbgs bds qug `gkmdo kgskg bds 1 kg bd `dôdod d bds 1 kg bd tdrkg, sdbvc qug bd bgy, pdrd uod dntudnmþo nconrgtd, kmspcofd ctrd ncsd. Udrd bcs dntcs kg nc`uomndnmþo y gjgnunmþo td`imío sg ncosmkgrdräo acrds aäimbgs bds qug trdosnurrgo kgskg bds cnac adstd bds 45 kg bd ocnag. Bc prgvmstc go bcs dpdrtdkcs dotgrmcrgs sg gotgokgrä smo pgrjumnmc kg bc qug pugkd gstdibgngrsg pdrd bds dntudnmcogs gbgntrþomnds.
i. Adimbmtdnmþo kg kàds y acrds aäimbgs Kg chmnmc c d mostdonmd kg pdrtg, bcs [rmiuodbgs pckräo adimbmtdr bcs kàds y acrds moaäimbgs, nudokc auimgrg ndusd urfgotg qug bc gxmjd. Gstd adimbmtdnmþo sg rgdbmzdrä pcr bcs Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd nudokc tuvmgrd pcr cijgtc bd rgdbmzdnmþo kg dntudnmcogs prcngsdbgs qug kgido prdntmndrsg go
441
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
Bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs
`dtgrmds kg su gxnbusmvd nc`pgtgonmd, nudokc sg trdtdrd kg dntudnmcogs pcr gbbcs crkgodkds c nudokc hugrdo tgokgotgs d kdr nu`pbm`mgotc d bds rgscbunmcogs kmntdkds pcr bcs [rmiuodbgs. ^g ncosmkgrdräo urfgotgs bds dntudnmcogs kgb trmiuodb nuyd kg`crd pugkd ndusdr frdvg pgrjumnmc d bcs motgrgsdkcs c d bd iugod dk`momstrdnmþo kg justmnmd, c prcvcndr bd moghmndnmd kg uod rgscbunmþo jukmnmdb. Udrd bds dntudnmcogs urfgotgs sgräo aäimbgs bcs kàds kgb `gs kg dfcstc, smo ogngsmkdk kg gxprgsd adimbmtdnmþo. [d`pcnc sgrä ogngsdrmd bd adimbmtdnmþo pdrd prcsgfumr go acrds moaäimbgs, kurdotg gb tmg`pc mokmspgosdibg, bds dntudnmcogs urfgotgs qug sg auimgrgo momnmdkc go acr ds aäimbgs. Ncotrd bds rgscbunmcogs kg adimbmtdnmþo kg kàds y acrds moaäimbgs oc sg dk`mtmrä rgnursc dbfuoc.
n. [ír`mocs y pbdzcs Udrtmgokc kg qug tír`moc gs gb `c`gotc go qug kgig rgdbmzdrsg uo dntc prcngsdb y pbdzc gb pgrmckc kg tmg`pc ncongkmkc pdrd rgdbmzdr uo dntc prcngsdb, y kg qug sco `úbtmpbgs bds nbdsmhmndnmcogs kg bcs pbdzcs, smgokc pcr bc fgogrdb m`prcrrcfdibgs, kmstmofum`cs: • Ubdzcs y tír`mocs
Bds dntudnmcogs kgb prcngsc sg prdntmndräo go bcs tír`mocs c kgotrc kg bcs pbdzcs sgôdbdkcs pdrd ndkd uod kg gbbds. Nudokc oc sg hmjg pbdzc om tír`moc, sg gotgokgrä qug ado kg prdntmndrsg smo kmbdnmþo. Bd mohrdnnmþo kg bc dquà kmspugstc pcr bcs trmiuodbgs y pgrscodb db sgrvmnmc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd kg oc `gkmdr `gkmdr justd ndusd sgrä ncrrgfmkd ncrrgfmkd kmsnmpbmodrmd`gotg nco drrgfbc d bc prgvmstc prgvmstc go bd BCUJ, smo pgrjumnmc kgb kgrgnac kg bd pdrtg pgrjukmndkd pdrd gxmfmr bds kg`äs rgspcosdimbmkdkgs qug prcngkdo. • Nþ`putc kg bcs bcs pbdzcs pbdzcs
Bcs pbdzcs nc`gozdräo d ncrrgr kgskg gb kàd smfumgotg d dqugb go qug sg auimgrg ghgntudkc gb dntc kg nc`uomndnmþo kgb qug bd Bgy adfd kgpgokgr gb momnmc kgb pbdzc, y sg ncotdrä go gbbcs gb kàd kgb vgonm`mgotc, qug gxpmrdrä d bds 9; acrds. Oc cistdotg, nudokc bd Bgy sgôdbg uo pbdzc qug nc`mgong d ncrrgr kgskg bd hmodbmzdnmþo kg ctrc, dquíb sg nc`putdrä, smo ogngsmkdk kg ougvd o ugvd octmhmndnmþo, kgskg gb kàd smfumgotg db kgb vgonm`mgotc kg ístg. Go gb nþ`putc kg bcs pbdzcs sgôdbdkcs pcr kàds sg gxnbumräo bcs moaäimbgs. Udrd bcs pbdzcs qug sg auimgsgo sgôdbdkc go bds dntudnmcogs urfgotgs dotgrmcr`gotg rghgrmkds, oc sg ncosmkgrdräo moaäimbgs bcs kàds kgb `gs kg dfcstc y sþbc sg gxnbumräo kgb nþ`putc bcs säidkcs, kc`mofcs y hgstmvcs. Bcs pbdzcs sgôdbdkcs pcr `gsgs c pcr dôcs sg nc`putdräo kg hgnad d hgnad. Nudokc go gb `gs kgb vgonm`mgotc oc auimgrd kàd gqumvdbgotg db momnmdb kgb nþ`putc, sg gotgokgrä qug gb pbdzc gxpmrd gb úbtm`c kgb `gs. Bcs pbdzcs qug nconbuydo go säidkc, kc`mofc u ctrc kàd moaäimb sg gotgokgräo prcrrcfdkcs adstd gb smfumgotg aäimb. • M`prcrrcfd M`prcrrcfdimbmkdk imbmkdk kg kg bcs pbdzcs
Bcs pbdzcs gstdibgnmkcs go bd BGN sco m`prcrrcfdibgs. Uckräo, oc cistdotg, motgrru`pmrsg bcs pbdzcs y kg`crdrsg bcs tír`mocs go ndsc kg hugrzd `dycr qug m`pmkd nu`pbmrbcs, rgdoukäokcsg su nþ`putc go gb `c`gotc go qug auimgrd ngsdkc bd ndusd kgtgr`modotg kg bd motgrrupnmþo c kg`crd. Bd nconurrgonmd kg hugrzd `dycr adirä kg sgr dprgnmdkd pcr gb gkmtcrmdb } ngp
44=
Urcngkm`mgotcs Jukmnmdbgs. D) Ocr`ds Nc`uogs d tckcs bcs Urcngkm`mgotcs Nmvmbgs. [g`d 95
Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd `gkmdotg kgnrgtc, kg chmnmc c d mostdonmd kg bd pdrtg qug bd suhrmþ, nco dukmgonmd kg bds kg`äs. Ncotrd gstg kgnrgtc pckrä motgrpcogrsg rgnursc kg rgvmsmþo qug prckunmrä ghgntcs suspgosmvcs. • Urgsgotdnmþo kg gsnrmtcs, gsnrmtcs, d ghgntcs kgb rgqumsmtc kg tmg`pc kg kg bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs
Nudokc bds chmnmods jukmnmdbgs y bcs sujgtcs motgrvmomgotgs go uo prcngsc gstío cibmfdkcs db g`pbgc kg bcs smstg`ds tgbg`ätmncs c gbgntrþomncs gxmstgotgs go bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd ncohcr`g db drtànubc 96> (Urgsgotdnmþo kg ncpmds kg gsnrmtcs y kcnu`gotcs), rg`mtmräo y rgnmimräo tckcs bcs gsnrmtcs, momnmdkcrgs c oc, y kg`äs kcnu`gotcs d trdvís kg gstcs smstg`ds, sdbvc bds gxngpnmcogs gstdibgnmkds go bd bgy, kg hcr`d tdb qug gstí fdrdotmzdkd bd dutgotmnmkdk kg bd nc`uomndnmþo y qugkg ncostdonmd hgadnmgotg kg bd rg`msmþo y bd rgngpnmþo àotgfrds, dsà nc`c kg bd hgnad go qug ístds sg amnmgrgo. Gstc sgrä td`imío kg dpbmndnmþo d dqugbbcs motgrvmomgotgs qug, smo gstdr cibmfdkcs, cptgo pcr gb usc kg bcs smstg`ds tgbg`ätmncs c gbgntrþomncs. ^g pckräo prgsgotdr gsnrmtcs y kcnu`gotcs go hcr`dtc gbgntrþomnc tckcs bcs kàds kgb dôc kurdotg bds vgmotmnudtrc acrds. Urgsgotdkcs bcs gsnrmtcs y kcnu`gotcs pcr `gkmcs tgbg`ätmncs, sg g`mtmrä dutc`ätmnd`gotg rgnmic pcr gb `ms`c `gkmc, nco gxprgsmþo kgb oú`grc kg gotrdkd kg rgfmstrc y kg bd hgnad y bd acrd kg prgsgotdnmþo, go bd qug sg tgokräo pcr prgsgotdkcs d tckcs bcs ghgntcs. Go ndsc kg qug bd prgsgotdnmþo tgofd bufdr go kàd u acrd moaäimb d ghgntcs prcngsdbgs ncohcr`g d bd bgy, sg gotgokgrä ghgntudkd gb prm`gr kàd y acrd aäimb smfumgotg. D ghgntcs kg prugid y kgb nu`pbm`mgotc kg rgqumsmtcs bgfdbgs qug gxmjdo kmspcogr kg bcs kcnu`gotcs crmfmodbgs c kg ncpmds hgadnmgotgs, sg gstdrä d bc prgvmstc go gb drtànubc 489, rghgrgotg d dntcs kg nc`uomndnmþo pcr `gkmcs gbgntrþomncs, mohcr`ätmncs y sm`mbdrgs Nudokc bd prgsgotdnmþo kg gsnrmtcs pgrgotcrmcs kgotrc kg pbdzc pcr bcs `gkmcs tgbg`ätmncs c gbgntrþomncs d qug sg rghmgrg gb dpdrtdkc dotgrmcr oc sgd pcsmibg pcr motgrrupnmþo oc pbdomhmndkd kgb sgrvmnmc kg nc`uomndnmcogs tgbg`ätmnds c gbgntrþomnds, smg`prg qug sgd pcsmibg sg kmspcokräo bds `gkmkds pdrd qug gb usudrmc rgsubtg mohcr`dkc kg gstd nmrnuostdonmd, dsà nc`c kg bcs ghgntcs kg bd suspgosmþo, nco mokmndnmþo gxprgsd, go su ndsc, kg bd prþrrcfd kg bcs pbdzcs kg mo`mogotg vgonm`mgotc. Gb rg`mtgotg pckrä prcngkgr, go gstg ndsc, d su prgsgotdnmþo go bd chmnmod jukmnmdb gb prm`gr kàd aäimb smfumgotg dnc`pdôdokc gb justmhmndotg kg kmnad motgrrupnmþo. Go bcs ndscs kg motgrrupnmþo pbdomhmndkd kgigrä douonmdrsg nco bd dotgbdnmþo suhmnmgotg, mohcr`dokc kg bcs `gkmcs dbtgrodtmvcs kg prgsgotdnmþo qug go tdb ndsc prcngkdo. ^m gb sgrvmnmc kg nc`uomndnmcogs tgbg`ätmnds c gbgntrþomnds rgsubtdsg mosuhmnmgotg pdrd bd prgsgotdnmþo kg bcs gsnrmtcs c kcnu`gotcs, sg kgigrä prgsgotdr go scpcrtg gbgntrþomnc go bd chmnmod jukmnmdb gsg kàd c gb kàd smfumgotg aäimb, juotc nco gb justmhmndotg gxpgkmkc pcr gb sgrvmkcr kg adigr motgotdkc bd prgsgotdnmþo smo íxmtc. Go gstcs ndscs, sg gotrgfdrä rgnmic kg su rgngpnmþo. ^mo pgrjumnmc kg bc dotgrmcr, bcs gsnrmtcs y kcnu`gotcs sg prgsgotdräo go scpcrtg pdpgb nudokc bcs motgrgsdkcs oc gstío cibmfdkcs d utmbmzdr bcs `gkmcs tgbg`ätmncs y oc auimgrdo cptdkc pcr gbbc, nudokc oc sgdo susngptmibgs kg ncovgrsmþo go hcr`dtc gbgntrþomnc y go bcs kg`äs supugstcs prgvmstcs go bds bgygs. Gstcs kcnu`gotcs, dsà nc`c bcs mostru`gotcs c ghgntcs qug sg dnc`pdôgo qugkdräo kgpcsmtdkcs y nustckmdkcs go gb drnamvc, kg fgstmþo c kghmomtmvc, kg bd chmnmod jukmnmdb, d kmspcsmnmþo kg bds pdrtgs, dsmfoäokcsgbgs uo oú`grc kg crkgo, y kgjdokc ncostdonmd go gb gxpgkmgotg jukmnmdb gbgntrþomnc kg su gxmstgonmd. Go ndsc kg prgsgotdnmþo kg gsnrmtcs y kcnu`gotcs go scpcrtg pdpgb, gb huonmcodrmc kgsmfodkc pdrd gbbc gstd`pdrä go bcs gsnrmtcs kg momnmdnmþo kgb prcngkm`mgotc y kg nudbgsqumgrd ctrcs nuyd prgsgotdnmþo 495
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
Bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs
gstí sujgtd d pbdzc pgrgotcrmc gb ncrrgspcokmgotg sgbbc go gb qug sg adrä ncostdr bd chmnmod jukmnmdb dotg bd qug sg prgsgotd y gb kàd y acrd kg bd prgsgotdnmþo. Bd prgsgotdnmþo kg gsnrmtcs y kcnu`gotcs, nudbqumgrd qug hugrd bd hcr`d, sm gstuvmgrg sujgtd d pbdzc, pckrä ghgntudrsg adstd bds qumong acrds kgb kàd aäimb smfumgotg db kgb vgonm`mgotc kgb pbdzc. Go bds dntudnmcogs dotg bcs trmiuodbgs nmvmbgs, oc sg dk`mtmrä bd prgsgotdnmþo kg gsnrmtcs go gb juzfdkc qug prgstg gb sgrvmnmc kg fudrkmd. Hmodb`gotg y nc`c vm`cs, rmfg gb prmonmpmc kg prgnbusmþo< kg sugrtg qug trdosnurrmkc gb pbdzc c pdsdkc gb tír`moc sgôdbdkc pdrd bd rgdbmzdnmþo kg uo dntc prcngsdb kg pdrtg sg prckunmrä bd prgnbusmþo y sg pgrkgrä bd cpcrtuomkdk kg rgdbmzdr gb dntc kg qug sg trdtg. Gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd kgjdrä ncostdonmd kgb trdosnursc kgb pbdzc pcr `gkmc kg kmbmfgonmd y dncrkdrä bc qug prcngkd c kdrä nugotd db trmiuodb d hmo kg qug kmntg k mntg bd rgscbunmþo qug ncrrgspcokd.
9.> n) Hcr`d (ncosmkgrdnmþo kg bd bgofud chmnmdb) D. Crdbmkdk y gsnrmturd Go ougstrc crkgod`mgotc juràkmnc gs pgrhgntd`gotg väbmkc qug bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs tgofdo hcr`d crdb c gsnrmtd, sm imgo nc`c rgfbd fgogrdb sg kmspcog go gb drtànubc 495.9 kg bd NG qug gb prcngkm`mgotc sgrä prgkc`modotg`gotg crdb, scirg tckc go `dtgrmd nrm`modb. Hrutc kg gstd gxmfgonmd ncostmtunmcodb go gb ä`imtc kgb prcngsc nmvmb gs bd nrgdnmþo kg bd dukmgonmd prgvmd go bd BGN go gb prcngsc crkmodrmc y bd ncongotrdnmþo kg dntcs prcngsdbgs kurdotg bd vmstd go gb jumnmc vgridb. Bc qug sg prgtgokg pcr tdotc gs qug tckcs dqugbbcs dntcs qug supcogo gb oúnbgc ngotrdb kgb prcngsc tgofdo hcr`d crdb, pdrd dsà pckgr ncongotrdrbcs go uod vmstd y qug sg rgdbmngo kg hcr`d ogngsdrmd dotg bd prgsgonmd jukmnmdb.
I. Bd puibmnmkdk Xdbg dquà bc kmnac go gb gpàfrdhg 4, nudokc trdtd`cs bd puibmnmkdk nc`c prmonmpmc.
N. Ncosmkgrdnmþo kg bd bgofud chmnmdb chmnmdb Udrtmgokc kgb rgncocnm`mgotc kgb ndstgbbdoc nc`c bd bgofud chmnmdb kgb Gstdkc go gb drtànubc >.4 kg bd NG, kgig`cs dtgokgr dquà: -
Db ncotgomkc kgb drtànubc 9>4 BCUJ sgfúo gb nudb: Go tckds bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs, bcs Jugngs, Jugngs, @dfmstrdkcs, Hmsndbgs, Bgtrdkcs kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd y kg`äs huonmcodrmcs kg juzfdkcs y [rmiuodbgs usdräo gb ndstgbbdoc, bgofud chmnmdb kgb Gstdkc. Bcs Jugngs, Jugngs, @dfmstrdkcs, Hmsndbgs, Hmsndbgs, Bgtrdkcs kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd y kg`äs huonmcodrmcs kg Juzfdkcs y [rmiuodbgs pckräo usdr td`imío bd bgofud chmnmdb prcpmd kg bd Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d, sm omofuod kg bds pdrtgs sg cpusmgrg, dbgfdokc kgsncocnm`mgotc kg gbbd qug pukmgrg prckunmr mokghgosmþo. Bds pdrtgs, sus rgprgsgotdotgs y qumgogs qumgogs bgs bgs kmrmjdo, dsà nc`c bcs tgstmfcs y pgrmtcs, pgrmtcs, pckräo utmbmzdr bd bgofud qug sgd td`imío chmnmdb go bd Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d go nuyc tgrrmtcrmc tgofdo bufdr bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs, tdotc go `domhgstdnmcogs crdbgs nc`c gsnrmtds. Bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs rgdbmzdkds y bcs kcnu`gotcs prgsgotdkcs go gb mkmc`d chmnmdb kg uod Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d tgokräo, smo ogngsmkdk kg trdkunnmþo db ndstgbbdoc, pbgod vdbmkgz y ghmndnmd.
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
494
Urcngkm`mgotcs Jukmnmdbgs. D) Ocr`ds Nc`uogs d tckcs bcs Urcngkm`mgotcs Nmvmbgs. [g`d 95
Kg chmnmc sg prcngkgrä d su trdkunnmþo nudokc kgido surtmr ghgntc hugrd kg bd jurmskmnnmþo kg bcs þrfdocs jukmnmdbgs smtcs go bd Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d, sdbvc sm sg trdtd kg Nc`uomkdkgs Dutþoc`ds nco bgofud chmnmdb prcpmd ncmonmkgotg. [d`imío sg prcngkgrä d su trdkunnmþo nudokc dsà bc kmspcofdo bds bgygs c d mostdonmd kg pdrtg qug dbgfug mokghgosmþo. Bd adimbmtdnmþo adimbmtdnmþo nc`c nc`c motírprgtg motírprgtg go bds dntudnmcogs dntudnmcogs crdbgs crdbgs c go bgofud bgofud kg smfocs sg rgdbmzdrä kg ncohcr`mkdk nco bc kmspugstc k mspugstc go bd bgy prcngsdb dpbmndibg. -
Drtànubc 9>7 ims BCUJ: ^mo pgrjumnmc pgrjumnmc kg bc gstdibgnmkc go gb pärrdhc 9º kgb drtànubc 9>8 qumoqumgs. qumoqumgs. 4 (d prcpþsmtc kg bd suprgsmþo kg bcs kdtcs pgrscodbgs), y kg bds rgstrmnnmcogs qug, go su ndsc, pukmgrdo gstdibgngrsg go bds bgygs prcngsdbgs, gb dnngsc db tgxtc kg bds sgotgonmds, c d kgtgr`modkcs gxtrg`cs kg bds `ms`ds, c d ctrds rgscbunmcogs kmntdkds go gb sgoc kgb prcngsc, sþbc pckrä bbgvdrsg d ndic prgvmd kmscnmdnmþo kg bcs kdtcs kg ndräntgr pgrscodb qug bcs `ms`cs ncotuvmgrdo y nco pbgoc rgspgtc db kgrgnac d bd motm`mkdk, d bcs kgrgnacs kg bds pgrscods qug rgqumgrdo uo gspgnmdb kgigr kg tutgbd c d bd fdrdotàd kgb docom`dtc kg bds vàntm`ds c pgrjukmndkcs, nudokc prcngkd. Go tckc ndsc sg dkcptdräo bds `gkmkds ogngsdrmds ogngsdrmds pdrd gvmtdr qug qug bds bds sgotgonmds y gb rgstc kg rgscbunmcogs kmntdkds go gb sgoc kgb prcngsc pugkdo sgr usdkds nco hmogs ncotrdrmcs d bds bgygs.
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Drtànubc 9>7 tgr BCUJ Gs púibmnc púibmnc gb dnngsc d bcs kdtcs pgrscodbgs ncotgomkcs go bcs hdbbcs hdbbcs kg bds sgotgonmds sgotgonmds hmr`gs hmr`gs ncokgodtcrmds, nudokc sg auimgrgo kmntdkc go vmrtuk kg bcs kgbmtcs prgvmstcs go bcs smfumgotgs drtànubcs (go `dtgrmd kg hrdukg hmsndb): d) Bcs drtànubcs >57, >57 ims y >58 kg bd BC 45/4==7, kg 9> kg ocvmg`irg, kgb NU. i) Bcs drtànubcs 976 y 971 kg bd BC 45/4==7, kg 9> kg ocvmg`irg, ocvmg`irg, kgb NU, nudokc gb dnrggkcr kghrdukdkc auimgsg smkc bd Adnmgokd Uúibmnd. n) Gb drtànubc 9 kg bd bd BC 49/4==7, kg 49 kg kmnmg`irg, kg Ygprgsmþo Ygprgsmþo kgb Ncotrdidokc, smg`prg qug qug gxmstd uo pgrjumnmc pdrd bd Adnmgokd Uúibmnd gstdtdb c kg bd Womþo Gurcpgd. Go bcs ndscs prgvmstcs go gb gb dpdrtdkc dpdrtdkc dotgrmcr, gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd, g`mtmrä ngrtmhmndkc go gb qug sg adräo ncostdr bcs smfumgotgs kdtcs: d) Bcs qug pgr`mtdo bd mkgotmhmndnmþo kgb prcngsc jukmnmdb. i) Oc`irg y dpgbbmkcs c kgoc`modnmþo scnmdb kgb ncokgodkc y, go su ndsc, kgb rgspcosdibg nmvmb. nmvmb. n) Kgbmtc pcr gb qug sg bg auimgrd ncokgodkc. k) Bds pgods m`pugstds. g) Bd nudotàd ncrrgspcokmgotg db pgrjumnmc pgrjumnmc ndusdkc d bd Adnmgokd Uúibmnd pcr pcr tckcs bcs ncongptcs, sgfúo bc gstdibgnmkc go bd sgotgonmd. @gkmdotg kmbmfgonmd kg crkgodnmþo gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd crkgodrä su puibmndnmþo go gb ‒ICG‐. Bc kmspugstc go gstg drtànubc oc sgrä kg dpbmndnmþo go gb ndsc kg qug gb ncokgodkc c, go su ndsc, gb rgspcosdibg nmvmb, auimgrd sdtmshgnac c ncosmfodkc go bd nugotd kg kgpþsmtcs y ncosmfodnmcogs kgb þrfdoc jukmnmdb nc`pgtgotg bd tctdbmkdk kg bd nudotàd ncrrgspcokmgotg db pgrjumnmc ndusdkc d bd Adnmgokd Uúibmnd pcr tckcs bcs ncongptcs, nco dotgrmcrmkdk d bd hmr`gzd kg bd sgotgonmd.
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] db drtànubc drtànubc 4;9 kg bd BGN qug rghgrmkc d bd bgofud bgofud chmnmdb kmspcog qug:
499
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
Bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs
Go tckds bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs, bcs Jugngs, Jugngs, @dfmstrdkcs, Hmsndbgs, Bgtrdkcs kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd y kg`äs huonmcodrmcs kg Juzfdkcs y [rmiuodbgs usdräo gb ndstgbbdoc, bgofud chmnmdb kgb Gstdkc. Bcs Jugngs, Jugngs, @dfmstrdkcs, Bgtrdkcs Bgtrdkcs kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd, Hmsndbgs y kg`äs huonmcodrmcs huonmcodrmcs kg Juzfdkcs y [rmiuodbgs pckräo usdr td`imío bd bgofud chmnmdb prcpmd kg bd Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d, sm omofuod kg bds pdrtgs sg cpusmgrg, dbgfdokc kgsncocnm`mgotc kg gbbd qug pukmgrg prckunmr mokghgosmþo. Bds pdrtgs, sus Urcnurdkcrgs y Dicfdkcs, dsà nc`c bcs tgstmfcs y pgrmtcs, pckräo utmbmzdr utmbmzdr bd bgofud qug sgd td`imío chmnmdb go bd Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d go nuyc tgrrmtcrmc tgofdo bufdr bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs, tdotc go `domhgstdnmcogs crdbgs nc`c nc`c gsnrmtds. Bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs rgdbmzdkds y bcs kcnu`gotcs prgsgotdkcs go gb mkmc`d chmnmdb kg uod Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d tgokräo, smo ogngsmkdk kg trdkunnmþo db ndstgbbdoc, pbgod vdbmkgz y ghmndnmd, pgrc sg prcngkgrä kg chmnmc d su trdkunnmþo nudokc kgido surtmr ghgntc hugrd kg bd jurmskmnnmþo kg bcs þrfdocs jukmnmdbgs smtcs go bd Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d, sdbvc sm sg trdtd kg Nc`uomkdkgs Dutþoc`ds nco bgofud chmnmdb prcpmd ncmonmkgotg. [d`imío sg prcngkgrä d su trdkunnmþo nudokc dsà bc kmspcofdo bds bgygs c d mostdonmd kg pdrtg qug dbgfug mokghgosmþo. Go bds dntudnmcogs crdbgs, gb trmiuodb pcr pcr `gkmc kg prcvmkgonmd prcvmkgonmd pckrä adimbmtdr nc`c motírprgtg d nudbqumgr pgrscod ncocngkcrd kg bd bgofud g`pbgdkd, prgvmc jurd`gotc c prc`gsd kg hmgb trdkunnmþo. Urgnmsg`cs dkg`äs qug sgfúo gb [rmiuodb Ncostmtunmcodb, go rgbdnmþo nco gb nmtdkc drtànubc 9>4 kg bd BCUJ, ad kgnbdrdkc qug kmnac drtànubc oc m`pmkg qug Jugngs y @dfmstrdkcs pugkdo y kgido crkgodr bd trdkunnmþo pdrd nu`pbmr bd huonmþo jurmskmnnmcodb kg prcpmnmdr bd tutgbd jukmnmdb ghgntmvd (ncohcr`g db drtànubc 9; kg bd NG). Dôdkmrg`cs pcr úbtm`c pdrd nc`pbgtdr gstg gxd`go, bc kmspugstc go bd BGN rgspgntc kg: -
Bd motgrvgonmþo kg motírprgtgs: Nudokc dbfuod pgrscod qug oc ncocznd gb ndstgbbdoc om, go su ndsc, bd bgofud chmnmdb prcpmd prcpmd kg bd Nc`uomkdk auimgsg kg sgr motgrrcfdkd c prgstdr dbfuod kgnbdrdnmþo, c nudokc hugrg prgnmsc kdrbg d ncocngr pgrscodb`gotg dbfuod rgscbunmþo, gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd pcr `gkmc kg kgnrgtc pckrä adimbmtdr nc`c motírprgtg d nudbqumgr pgrscod ncocngkcrd kg bd bgofud kg qug sg trdtg, gxmfmíokcsgbg jurd`gotc c prc`gsd kg hmgb trdkunnmþo. ^mo pgrjumnmc pgrjumnmc kg bc dotgrmcr, sg fdrdotmzdrä go tckc ndsc bd prgstdnmþo prgstdnmþo kg bcs sgrvmnmcs sgrvmnmcs kg motgrprgtdnmþo go bcs bmtmfmcs trdoshrcotgrmzcs d dqugbbd pgrscod qug oc ncocznd gb ndstgbbdoc om, go su ndsc, bd bgofud chmnmdb prcpmd kg bd Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d, go bcs tír`mocs gstdibgnmkcs go bd Bgy 4/4==8, kg 45 kg gogrc, rgfubdkcrd kg bd Dsmstgonmd Juràkmnd Frdtumtd. Kg bds dntudnmcogs qug go gstcs ndscs sg prdntmqugo sg bgvdotdrä dntd, go bd qug qug ncostdräo bcs tgxtcs go gb mkmc`d crmfmodb y su s u trdkunnmþo db mkmc`d chmnmdb, y qug sgrä hmr`dkd td`imío pcr gb motírprgtg. Go bcs `ms`cs ndscs, sm bd pgrscod hugrg hugrg scrkd, sg oc`irdrä smg`prg, ncohcr`g d bc qug qug sg kmspcog go gb gxprgsdkc dpdrtdkc, db motírprgtg kg bgofud kg smfocs dkgnudkc. Kg bds dntudnmcogs qug qug sg prdntmqugo go rgbdnmþo rgbdnmþo nco bds pgrscods scrkds sg bgvdotdrä bd cpcrtuod dntd.
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Bcs kcnu`gotcs rgkdntdkcs go mkmc`d oc chmnmdb: D tckc kcnu`gotc rgkdntdkc go mkmc`d qug oc sgd gb ndstgbbdoc c, go su ndsc, bd bgofud chmnmdb prcpmd kg bd Nc`uomkdk Dutþoc`d kg qug sg trdtg, sg dnc`pdôdrä bd trdkunnmþo kgb `ms`c.
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
49>
Urcngkm`mgotcs Jukmnmdbgs. D) Ocr`ds Nc`uogs d tckcs bcs Urcngkm`mgotcs Nmvmbgs. [g`d 95
Kmnad trdkunnmþo pckrä sgr agnad prmvdkd`gotg y, go tdb ndsc, sm dbfuod kg bds pdrtgs bd m`pufodrg kgotrc kg bcs nmonc kàds smfumgotgs kgskg gb trdsbdkc, `domhgstdokc qug oc bd tmgog pcr hmgb y gxdntd y gxprgsdokc bds rdzcogs kg bd kmsnrgpdonmd, gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd crkgodrä, rgspgntc kg bd pdrtg qug gxmstd kmsnrgpdonmd, bd trdkunnmþo chmnmdb kgb kcnu`gotc, d ncstd kg qumgo bc auimgsg prgsgotdkc.
Dtgonmþo ^m bd trdkunnmþo chmnmdb rgdbmzdkd d mostdonmd kg pdrtg rgsubtdrd sgr sustdonmdb`gotg mkíotmnd d bd prmvdkd, bcs fdstcs kgrmvdkcs kg dquíbbd ncrrgräo d ndrfc kg qumgo bd scbmnmtþ.
>.
KGHGN[C^ KG BC^ DN[C^: OWBMKDK, DOWBDIMBMKDK, MYYGFWBDYMKDK< ^WI^DODNMÞO KG KGHGN[C^
Gb rífm`go kg bd BGN gs ncmonmkgotg nco gb kg bd BCUJ, pukmíokcsg smstg`dtmzdr kg bd smfumgotg `dogrd:
>.4 Oubmkdk kg pbgoc kgrgnac D. Ndusds kg oubmkdk kg pbgoc kgrgnac kgrgnac kg bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs Ncohcr`g db drtànubc 997 kg bd BGN, bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs sgräo oubcs kg pbgoc kgrgnac go bcs ndscs smfumgotgs: 4.º Nudokc sg prckuzndo pcr c dotg [rmiuodb nco hdbtd kg jurmskmnnmþo c kg nc`pgtgonmd cijgtmvd c huonmcodb. 9.º Nudokc sg rgdbmngo idjc vmcbgonmd c motm`mkdnmþo. >.º Nudokc sg prgsnmokd kg ocr`ds gsgonmdbgs kgb prcngkm`mgotc, smg`prg qug, pcr gsd ndusd, adyd pckmkc prckunmrsg mokghgosmþo. ;.º Nudokc sg rgdbmngo smo motgrvgonmþo kg dicfdkc, go bcs ndscs go qug bd bgy bd gstdibgznd nc`c cibmfdtcrmd. 7.º Nudokc sg ngbgirgo vmstds smo bd prgngptmvd motgrvgonmþo kgb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd. 8.º Nudokc sg rgscbvmgrdo `gkmdotg kmbmfgonmds kg crkgodnmþo c kgnrgtc nugstmcogs qug, ncohcr`g d bd bgy, adydo kg sgr rgsugbtds pcr `gkmc kg prcvmkgonmd, dutc c sgotgonmd. 6.º Go bcs kg`äs ndscs go qug bd BGN dsà bc gstdibgznd.
I. Ndungs c vàds pdrd adngr vdbgr bd oubmkdk kg pbgoc kgrgnac 4º. Kg chmnmc: Bcs trmiuodbgs nuyd dntudnmþo sg auimgrg prckunmkc nco motm`mkdnmþo c vmcbgonmd, tdo bugfc nc`c sg vgdo bmirgs kg gbbd, kgnbdrdräo oubc tckc bc prdntmndkc y prc`cvgräo bd hcr`dnmþo kg ndusd ncotrd bcs nubpdibgs, pcomgokc bcs agnacs go ncocnm`mgotc kgb @H.
49;
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
Bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs
9º. Kg chmnmc c d mostdonmd kg pdrtg: sm sg dnrgkmtd qug sg prckujgrco idjc motm`mkdnmþo c vmcbgonmd. Bd oubmkdk kg gstcs dntcs gotrdôdrä bd kg tckcs bcs kg`äs rgbdnmcodkcs nco íb c qug pukmgrgo adigrsg vmstc ncokmnmcodkcs c mohbumkcs sustdonmdb`gotg pcr gb dntc oubc. >º. Ucr `gkmc kg `gkmc kg bcs rgnurscs gstdibgnmkcs go bd bgy ncotrd bd rgscbunmþo kg qug sg trdtg. Go omofúo ndsc pckrä gb trmiuodb, nco cndsmþo kg uo rgnursc, kgnrgtdr kg chmnmc uod oubmkdk kg bds dntudnmcogs qug oc adyd smkc scbmnmtdkd go kmnac rgnursc, sdbvc qug dprgnmdrg hdbtd kg jurmskmnnmþo c kg nc`pgtgonmd cijgtmvd c huonmcodb c sg auimgsg prckunmkc vmcbgonmd c motm`mkdnmþo qug dhgntdrg d gsg trmiuodb. ;º ‒Dotg sgotgotmd`‐: sgotgotmd`‐: Gb trmiuodb pckrä, kg chmnmc c d mostdonmd kg pdrtg, dotgs kg qug auimgrg rgndàkc rgscbunmþo qug pcofd hmo db prcngsc, y smg`prg qug oc prcngkd bd suisdodnmþo, kgnbdrdr, prgvmd dukmgonmd kg bds pdrtgs, bd oubmkdk kg tckds bds dntudnmcogs c kg dbfuod go pdrtmnubdr. 7º Ucr vàd kgb ‒monmkgotg gxngpnmcodb gxngpnmcodb kg oubmkdk kg dntudnmcogs‐ dntudnmcogs‐ kgb drtànubc 991 kg bd BGN: -
Oc sg dk`mtmräo nco ndräntgr fgogrdb fgogrdb monmkgotgs monmkgotgs kg oubmkdk kg dntudnmcogs. dntudnmcogs.
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Gxngpnmcodb`gotg, qumgogs sgdo pdrtg bgfàtm`d c auimgrdo kgimkc kgimkc sgrbc pckräo pgkmr pcr gsnrmtc qug sg kgnbdrg bd oubmkdk kg dntudnmcogs huokdkd go nudbqumgr vubogrdnmþo kg uo kgrgnac huokd`gotdb kg bcs rghgrmkcs go gb drtànubc 7>.9 kg bd Ncostmtunmþo (kgrgnac d bd mfudbkdk kgb drt. 4;, y kgrgnacs huokd`gotdbgs y bmigrtdkgs púibmnds kg bd ^gn. 4ª kgb Ndp. MM kgb [àt. M), smg`prg qug: ¶
oc adyd pckmkc kgouonmdrsg dotgs kg rgndgr rgscbunmþo rgscbunmþo qug pcofd hmo hmo db prcngsc y
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smg`prg qug qug kmnad kmnad rgscbunmþo oc sgd susngptmibg kg rgnursc crkmodrmc om gxtrdcrkmodrmc.
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^grä nc`pgtgotg gb `ms`c [rmiuodb qug kmntþ bd rgscbunmþo qug auimgrg dkqumrmkc dkqumrmkc hmr`gzd.
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Gb pbdzc pdrd pgkmr bd oubmkdk sgrä kg 95 kàds, kgskg bd octmhmndnmþo kg bd rgscbunmþo c, go tckc ndsc, kgskg qug sg tuvc ncocnm`mgotc kgb kghgntc ndusdotg kg mokghgosmþo, smo qug, go gstg úbtm`c ndsc, pugkd scbmnmtdrsg bd oubmkdk kg dntudnmcogs kgspuís kg trdosnurrmkcs 7 dôcs kgskg bd octmhmndnmþo kg bd rgscbunmþo.
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Gb [rmiuodb modk`mtmrä d trä`mtg, `gkmdotg prcvmkgonmd sunmotd`gotg sunmotd`gotg `ctmvdkd, nudbqumgr monmkgotg go gb qug sg prgtgokd susnmtdr ctrds nugstmcogs. Ncotrd bd rgscbunmþo pcr bd qug sg modk`mtd d trä`mtg gb monmkgotg oc ndirä rgnursc dbfuoc.
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Dk`mtmkc d trä`mtg gb gsnrmtc go qug sg pmkd pmkd bd oubmkdk, oubmkdk, oc qugkdrä go suspgosc bd gjgnunmþo y ghmndnmd kg bd sgotgonmd c rgscbunmþo mrrgnurrmibgs, sdbvc qug sg dnugrkg kg hcr`d gxprgsd bd suspgosmþo pdrd gvmtdr qug gb monmkgotg pukmgrd pgrkgr su hmodbmkdk,
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Ucr gb Bgtrdkc kg bd bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd sg kdrä trdsbdkc kg kmnac gsnrmtc, juotc nco ncpmd kg bcs kcnu`gotcs qug sg dnc`pdôdsgo, go su ndsc, pdrd dnrgkmtdr gb vmnmc c kghgntc go qug bd pgtmnmþo sg huokg, d bds kg`äs pdrtgs, qug go gb pbdzc nc`úo kg 7 kàds pckräo hcr`ubdr pcr gsnrmtc sus dbgfdnmcogs, d bds qug dnc`pdôdräo bcs kcnu`gotcs qug sg gstm`go pgrtmogotgs.
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^m sg gstm`drd bd oubmkdk, sg rgpcokräo bds dntudnmcogs db gstdkc mo`gkmdtd`gotg dotgrmcr db kghgntc qug bd adyd crmfmodkc y sg sgfumrä gb prcngkm`mgotc bgfdb`gotg gstdibgnmkc.
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^m sg kgsgstm`drd kgsgstm`drd bd scbmnmtuk scbmnmtuk kg oubmkdk, oubmkdk, sg ncokgodrä, pcr `gkmc kg dutc, db scbmnmtdotg scbmnmtdotg go tckds bds ncstds kgb monmkgotg y, go ndsc kg qug gb [rmiuodb gotmgokd qug sg prc`cvmþ nco tg`grmkdk, bg m`pcokrä, dkg`äs, uod `ubtd kg ocvgotd d sgmsnmgotcs gurcs.
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Ncotrd bd rgscbunmþo qug qug rgsugbvd rgsugbvd gb monmkgotg oc ndirä rgnursc dbfuoc.
8º. Ucr vàd kg d`pdrc ncostmtunmcodb
gkmtcrmdb } ngp
497
Urcngkm`mgotcs Jukmnmdbgs. D) Ocr`ds Nc`uogs d tckcs bcs Urcngkm`mgotcs Nmvmbgs. [g`d 95
>.9 Doubdimbmkdk Go `dtgrmd kg doubdimbmkdk, kgig`cs kg pdrtmr kgb prmonmpmc kg ‒ncosgrvdnmþo kg bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs‐< kcokg nco mkíotmnc ncotgomkc tgog`cs go prm`gr tír`moc, bcs drtànubcs 9;>.4 BCUJ y 9>5 BGN qug kgtgr`modo qug bd oubmkdk kg uo dntc oc m`pbmndrä bd kg bcs sungsmvcs qug hugrgo mokgpgokmgotgs kg dquíb om bd kg dquíbbcs nuyc ncotgomkc auimgsg pgr`dognmkc movdrmdkc dúo smo adigrsg nc`gtmkc bd mohrdnnmþo qug kmc bufdr d bd oubmkdk. ^cirg bd idsg kg gstg prmonmpmc, gb rífm`go kg doubdimbmkdk kg bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs sg nc`pbgtd nco gb drtànubc 9;>.9 kg bd BCUJ sgfúo gb nudb, bd oubmkdk pdrnmdb kg uo dntc oc m`pbmndrä bd kg bds pdrtgs kgb `ms`c mokgpgokmgotgs kg bd kgnbdrdkd oubd.
>.> Mrrgfubdrmkdk kg kg bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs Bds dntudnmcogs jukmnmdbgs rgdbmzdkds hugrd kgb tmg`pc gstdibgnmkc sþbc pckräo doubdrsg sm bc m`pusmgrg bd odturdbgzd kgb tír`moc c pbdzc.
>.; ^uisdodnmþo kg kghgntcs Gb [rmiuodb y gb Bgtrdkc kg bd Dk`momstrdnmþo kg Justmnmd numkdräo kg qug pugkdo sgr suisdodkcs bcs kghgntcs go qug monurrdo bcs dntcs prcngsdbgs kg bds pdrtgs, smg`prg qug go kmnacs dntcs sg auimgsg `domhgstdkc bd vcbuotdk kg nu`pbmr bcs rgqumsmtcs gxmfmkcs pcr bd bgy. Bcs dntcs kg bds pdrtgs qug ndrgzndo kg bcs rgqumsmtcs gxmfmkcs pcr bd bgy sgräo suisdodibgs go bcs ndscs, ncokmnmcogs y pbdzcs prgvmstcs go bds bgygs prcngsdbgs.
498
gkmtcrmdb } ngp