WORD FORMATION EXERCISES Write the correct form of the word in brackets to com!ete these sentences" 1. The flowers are ………. poisonous - don't eat them! (DIE) 2. You hae no ……….. - ou must do it. ("#$$%E) &. Their ……….. was a er happ one. (Y) *. You need to do some more ………… of this +rammar. (,"TI%E) . e don't hae an ………. that he /ommitted the /rime. (,$0E) . %he's reall ……….. aout her new hair/ut.(DE3E4D) 5. The /ompan made a ………….. on their new produ/t. (6$%E) 7. I stared at him in ………. . (8E6IE0E) 9. Your parents reall /are aout our ………... (%0E) 1:. The politi/ian's ……….. reall made me thin; aout the issues. (%,E<) 11. e tried to ;eep up the …………… that eerthin+ was $<. (,ETE4D) 12. I need to +et a ………. for m parents' weddin+ anniersar. (=I0E) 1&. I'm reall sorr. You were ………….. in our >o appli/atio appli/ation. n. (%?""EED) 1*. #e lost his ……….. in the a//ident (%EE) 1. He's really selfish and ……… . (THINK)
Write the correct ad#ecti$e or ad$erb for each of these %&estions" 'o& wi!! need to &se -ful@less or -full@-lessl " Some answers wi!! a!so need un-" 1. hat a loel present! That was er ……… of ou. (T#I4<) 2. #e dries reall ………….. - one da he's +oin+ to hae an a//ident. ("E) &. #e's told me ………… times aout how +ood he is at footall. ("$?4T) ("$?4T) *. 8e/ause of his ad interiewA he was …………. in his >o appli/ation. (%?""EED) . BI didn't eat our /ho/olate /ho/olateAB AB she said ……. A hidin+ the empt wrapper. (T?E) . It's …. . En+land will neer win the orld "up footall a+ain. (#$,E) 5. est friend is a ri/hA ……… lawer. (,$E) 7. You must rememer to re/har+e our phone. ithout its atteriesA it's ….. (?%E) 9. "i+arettes are …… to our health. (#) 1:. The sales assistant was reall …… and rude. (#E6,) 11. neworn a is /ompletel …… . (#E6,) 12. BDon't worr - this in>e/tion will e /ompletel …… . (,I4) 1&. Thiees ro;e into the museum and stole a ……… paintin+ 0an =o+h. (,I"E) 1*. %he's reall ri/hA ut her /lothes are alwas er ……. and ele+ant. (T%TE) 1. I ou+ht some shares in the /ompan ears a+oA ut unfortunatel now the are ……. . ($T#) 1. #is spee/h went on ……. I thou+ht he'd neer stop tal;in+. (E4D)
Write the correct form of the word in brackets to com!ete these sentences" Some of the answers are irre(&!ar )from the tab!e abo$e*+ b&t there are other re(&!ar no&ns inc!&ded here" Don,t for(et to &se an -s if necessar." 1. ,lease send a photo+raph with our "0 and ……… form. (,,6Y) 2. You need to ma;e a …….. toda. (DE"IDE) &. #er ….. of the +rammar was er un/lear. (EC,6I4) *. e had a lon+ ……. aout our prolems prolems.. (DI%"?%%) . %tudents must hae their parent's ……. to /ome on the trip. (,EIT) . #e is still in hospitalA re/oerin+ from his ……... ($,ETE) 5. I entered a owlin+ ……... ("$,ETE) 7. /hildren neer show ……… for anthin+ I do! (,,E"ITE) 9. I /an't /ome up with a ……….. to this prolem. (%$60E) 1:. The ……. of >un; food has in/reased oer the last 2: ears. ("$4%?E) 11. You need a lot of …. for this >o. (?6I3Y) 12. hen I lied aroadA I found the …… from m famil er diffi/ult. (%E,TE)
1&. The ……….. of the new flats is nearl finished. ("$4%T?"T) 1*. e don't want a ………. of the iolen/e at last ear's footall mat/h. (E,ET) 1. The poli/e are /ondu/tin+ an …….. into the murder. (I40E%TI=TE) 1. I +ae the poli/e a ….. of the thief. (DE%"I8E) 15. It wasn't m …. to offend ou. (I4TE4D) 17. e are ma;in+ …… for the weddin+. (,E,E) 19. I'e >ust had a er interestin+ …… with our sister. ("$40E%E) 2:. You /an tr our produ/t for freeA with no …… to u it. ($86I=E)
Write the correct form of the word in brackets to com!ete these sentences" The answer co&!d be a no&n or an ad#ecti$e" Don,t for(et to &se an -s or a ne(ati$e refi/ if necessar." 1. ?nfortunatelA a//idents are a /ommon ….. alon+ this road. ($""?) 2. It's diffi/ult to eliee in the ……….. of aliens. (ECI%T) &. The poli/e are loo;in+ for ………. of the atta/;. (E0IDE4T) *. %he thin;s eerone hates her and needs ………. from her friends all the time. (E%%?E) . %/ientist eliee that the msterious …… of millions of ees is due to disease. (,,E) . hat's the est punishment for a ……….. teena+er ($8EY) 5. hat he said was trueA ut it was /ompletel ……….. (E6E04"E) 7. 1::F ………… is ne/essar to pass this /ourse. (TTE4D) 9. I'm the onl person who eliees in his ………. Een the poli/e thin; he's +uilt. (I44$"E4T) 1:. There are three shop ………. oer there - ou should as; one of them for help. (%%I%T) 11. %ome people thin; that if ou en>o our >oA the salar is …….A ut I loe mone! (I,$T4"E) 12. I'm eG/ited e/ause I'e >ust +ot a letter of ………… from "amrid+e ?niersit! (""E,T) 1&. "ats are eGtremel ……….. animals. The don't reall need people. (DE,E4D) 1*. You need a lot of …… if ou want to wor; with /hildren. (,TIE4T)
Write the correct form of the word in brackets to com!ete these sentences" 1. 4ormall I prefer tall menA ut m husand's ……… isn't a prolem. (%#$T) 2. The news report /oered the e/onomi/ /risis in …….. . (DEE,) &. health diet will …….. our life eGpe/tan/. (6$4=) *. If the ……. this roadA there would e fewer a//idents. (IDE) . I thin; I'll ……… this photo+raph. (6=E) . The airport has ……… se/urit at passport /ontrol. (TI=#T) 5. I do o+a to …………. m a/;. (%T$4=) 7. There is a water ………… nearl eer summer in the south of En+land. (%#$T) 9. The moment I left wor; I …… m tie and started to relaG. (6$$%E) 1:. hen I ….. mselfA I found out I'd lost 1:;+! (EI=#T) 11. The ……….. of m /omputer s/reen +ies me a heada/he. (8I=#T) 12. I'm afraid of …………. so I /ouldn't lie on the 1:th floor. (#I=#) 1&. The li+hts went out and the room was plun+ed into ………… . (D<) 1*. I'm afraid of the ………… so I sleep with the li+hts on. (Dust said. "ould ou …… it ("6E) . ele/troni/ di/tionar ……. me to listen to the pronun/iation of new words. (86E) . #e loes inse/ts. #e /an ……… oer : different tpes of eetle.(IDE4TITY) 5. There are a lot of a//idents on this road - the /oun/il should ….. it. (IDT#) 7. The time we spent apart onl …….. m loe for him. (%T$4=)
9. You didn't ……… what flaour ou wantedA so I +ot ou /ho/olate. (%,E"I3I") 1:. #is spee/h was too lon+. #e should hae ……… it. (%#$T) 11. #e alwas thin;s he's ri+ht. #e neer ….. for his mista;es. (,$6$=Y) 12. I thin; the +oernment should …. al/ohol. ("II46) 1&. Than; ou for the flowers ou sent last month. The reall ………up m room. (8I=#T) 1*. The ur+lar …. that no one was in the house efore he ro;e in. (%?E) 1. The film BThe in+B …. me. I /ouldn't sleep for das. (TE$) 1. The +oernment's plans for the hospitals will … thousands of lies. (D4=E)
Write the correct form of the word in brackets to complete these sentences. There are lots more eamples here than in the list abo!e" so remember that often !erbs #se 'ment' to make no#ns" and often ad$ecti!es #se 'ness'. %nd remember that sometimes the no#ns will be pl#ral& 1. B6adies and +entlemenA I would li;e to ma;e an … . (44$?4"E) 2. …… is a prolem eerwhereA not >ust in i+ /ities. (#$E6E%%) &. #is ………. made me er an+r. (?DE) *. hat ……….. does our do/tor re/ommend for the 'flu (TET) . e had a i+ …… aout whose turn it was to wash up. (=?E) . I wo;e up at 2am. The house was in /omplete ……. . (D<) 5. e need some spe/ial …….. if we want to +o mountain /limin+. (E?I,) 7. If ou drin; too mu/h al/oholA it will impair our ….. . (H?D=E) 9. The interiewer as;ed me aout m stren+ths and …….. . (E<) 1:. friends +ae me a lot of ………… when I was worried aout m driin+ test. (E4"$?=E) 11. To m ………..A I was offered 1:A::: for m old /ar! (JE) 12. The /ompan has made lots of …………… to their internet seri/es. (I,$0E) 1&. I used to find his ……….. funnA ut now it reall annos me. (3$=ET3?6) 1*. innin+ the ra/e was an amaKin+ ……… for m dau+hter. ("#IE0E) 1. This oo; is er unrealisti/A ut that didn't spoil m ……. of it. (E4H$Y) 1. e are still ma;in+ ………. for the weddin+ neGt month. (4=E) 15. Driers should stop to rest durin+ lon+ /ar >ournesA e/ause ……. /an /ause a//idents. (TIED) 17. ,eople /an eGperien/e ……. at man times durin+ their liesA and for man reasons. (6$4E6Y) 1. ?suall -ful /han+es to -less (harmful@less) ut not alwas (endless). 2. If ou /an't rememerA /hoose un - it's the most /ommon ne+atie prefiG.
Write the correct !E"#$%&E form of the word in brackets to complete these sentences. Be very careful' some words have different ne(ative forms )e.(. unbelievable*disbelief, unlikely*dislike, unable*disabled+. 1. The politi/ian was a//used of ein+ … (#$4E%T) 2. #is stor was so ……….. I thou+ht he was /raK. (8E6IE0E) &. %he loo;ed at him in ……….. when he told her the sho/;in+ news. (8E6IE0E) *. an people are ….. of the dan+ers of moile phones. (E) . #e's inited me to his part. It would e ………… to sa no. (,$6ITE) . Too man /hildren nowadas are +rowin+ up ……….. . (6ITETE) 5. That's not what I said! You'e ……… me. (?4DE%T4D) 7. do+ is /ompletel …………. I promise he won't ite. (#) 9. The medi/ine was ………… - he didn't re/oer. (E33E"T) 1:. #is answers were er ……… so he failed the aths eGam. (""?TE) 11. It's …………. that people will eer lie on the moon. (6I
1. The shirt he's wearin+ is /ompletel ……… for a >o interiew. (,,$,ITE) 1. #is spee/h was ……….. I thou+ht he'd neer stop tal;in+. (E4D)
inkin( Expressions with #s ... #s 's L ad>e/tie L as' does appear in the 3"E eGam in normal comparatives. #oweerA there are also some eGpressions usin+ 'as ... as' whi/h hae another meanin+. 6oo; at these eGamplesA then tr the eGer/ises elow to pra/tise usin+ the eGpressions.
E/ression
Meanin(
I st#died apanese as we!! as panish.
also" in addition
I fell asleep as soon as I closed my eyes.
when (immediately)
I'll lend yo# *++ as !on( as yo# pay me back.
b#t only if
He's still a teacher as far as I know.
to this etent
As man. as , million people speak -rench. (also with m&ch" few and !itt!e )
#p to" and incl#din
4ote that much and little are used with un/ountale nouns (su/h as 'food' or 'mone')A while many and few are used with /ountale plural nouns (su/h as 'apples' or 'people').
E art /' 0ultiple hoice lo1e hoose the best word to complete the followin( sentences.
We went home as ///// as it started rainin. well lon far soon 2. I'm !eetarian. I'll eat that as //// as it doesn't contain meat. well lon far soon &. I predict the 0 will win o!er ,+ old medals" while the 0K will only win as //// as 1. well far few little *. %s //// as I remember" the first time I met Tom was at collee. m#ch well far soon 1.
E part 2' 3pen lo1e hoose one word to complete the followin( sentences. s ……. as 1 million people in the ?< /at/h a /old ea/h ear. s ….. as do/tors are /on/ernedA the est treatment for a /old is to ;eep warm and drin; plent of fluids. s …… as thisA ou should rest and ma;e sure ou ;eep eatin+ properl. %ome people /laim that if ou ta;e itamin " as ….. as ou start feelin+ illA it will redu/e our smptoms. It is safe to eGer/ise if ou hae a /old as …….. as ou are sensile and listen to our od. #oweerA e /areful when driin+A as studies hae shown that /olds and flu /an redu/e drier /on/entration and rea/tions as ……… as 11F. (4oteM I'm not a do/tor! ,lease don't ta;e this as medi/al adi/e!)
make, do, have and take There are some eneral r#les for this" b#t mainly yo# need to remember lots of fied epressions. make
do
a mistake the ironin a profit2loss the ho#sework money2millions yo#r homework
ha$e
a look dinner a headache
take
a photo ad!antae of sb care of sb
a fort#ne friends war a noise a mess f#n of someone a phone call proress a difference
b#siness well2badly sth wron2riht yo#r best damae2harm sb a fa!o#r
a party a picnic a barbec#e an appointment f#n tro#ble sth in common
place sth into acco#nt yo#r time time no notice of sth part in sth the opport#nity
0ake is also used with most nouns for was of speakin(*plannin(. 3or eGampleA ou ma;e a /omplaintA a promiseA an offerA a threatA a spee/hA an apolo+A a pointA a /onfessionA an a//usationA a su++estionA an arran+ementA a de/isionA a planA an appointment. 8utA have is used with most nouns whi/h inole a two-way discussion. 3or eGampleA ou hae a /onersationA a /hatA a dis/ussionA an ar+umentA a fi+htA a rowA a meetin+A an interiew. e also often use have L a L er (where the er and the noun are the same). 3or eGampleA hae a loo;A a restA a sleepA a drin;A a wal;A a +o.
Even if, as if, even thou(h, as thou(h %f and thou(hA and if and even if are different.
I'll help yo# if yo# want.
if 3 possibly
I'll help yo# tho&(h yo# don't want me to.
tho&(h 3 a fact" I know this
I'll marry him if he is rich.
4#t not if he is poor&
I'll marry him e$en if he is poor.
I'll marry him in any sit#ation
#s if and as thou(hA and thou(h and even thou(h are the same.
He looked as tho&(h he wanted to cry. He looked as if he wanted to cry.
as if 3 as tho&(h . We #se them to say 5like2similar5.
I like dos e$en tho&(h they are smelly. I like dos tho&(h they are smelly
E$en tho&(h is a bit stroner than tho&(h .
%n the E exam, you mi(ht (et 4uestions for this in part 2 )open clo1e+. hoose the best word )ifA thou+hA as or een+ to complete these sentences. 1. 2. &. *. . . 5. 7. 9.
I'd neer +et marriedA een … =eor+e "loone as;ed me. #e spo;e to me …….. if I was a serant. I didn't apolo+iseA een …….. I felt reall +uilt. I elieed himA ………. thou+h he'd lied to me efore. I would neer ta;e the >o een ………. the offered me ten times m /urrent salar. #e went outA ……… thou+h it was still rainin+. #e'll help ou ………… thou+h he's an+r with ou. #e's so unfriendl - it's ……….. thou+h he doesn't li;e me. Een ………… it was eGpensieA he ou+ht the /ar.
Ad$erb 0 Ad#ecti$e Co!!ocations
h don't we sa Basolutel +oodB or Ber fantasti/B ellA ad>e/ties li;e B+oodB are ;nown as weak or (radable ad5ectivesA while ad>e/ties li;e Bfantasti/B and Bperfe/tB are ;nown as stron( and un(radable ad5ectives . B0erB is used with wea; ad>e/tiesA and BasolutelB is used with stron+ @ un+radale ad>e/ties. I'm very tired. I'm absolutely eha#sted.
Ad$erb
!ery" etremely" incredibly" terribly" awf#lly" fairly" a bit (6 7#ite" really)
Ad#ecti$e 0 weak )(radab!e* ad#ecti$es ood s#rprised anry
0 stron( 1 &n(radab!e ad#ecti$es absol#tely" completely" totally" fantastic #tterly ama8ed (6 7#ite" really) f#rio#s 6eally /an e used with most ad>e/ties - it doesn't matter what tpe the are. That's a really interestin+@fas/inatin+ oo;. 7uite /an also e used with othA ut its meanin+ /han+es. That oo;'s 4uite interestin+. ( N a it) That oo;'s 4uite fas/inatin+. ( N asolutel) 8e /areful. If ou ma;e an ader from a stron+ ad>e/tie (e.+. incrediblyAama1in(ly)A it is used with weak ad>e/ties. 3or eGampleM ECMThis is awfully diffi/ult. #e's ama1in(ly +ood at /oo;in+.
E art /' 0ultiple hoice lo1e "hoose the est word to /omplete the followin+ senten/es.
I'm ///// sleepy. I'm oin to bed. incredibly absol#tely totally #tterly 2. It was ///// impossible to decide what to do. etremely absol#tely incredibly rather I bo#ht some //// cheap shoes at the weekend. &. etremely absol#tely #tterly totally *. am's ot a !ery //// nose. enormo#s h#e lare massi!e I was ////// disappointed by the food in the new resta#rant. . #tterly terribly completely totally . The paintin he bo#ht was absol#tely //////. epensi!e priceless !al#able pricey 9o#r children are //// noisy& I wish they'd be 7#iet& 5. #tterly totally completely incredibly 7. The meal arah cooked for #s was absol#tely /////. delicio#s tasty nice ood -rank's irlfriend was wearin //// short skirt. 9. an #tterly an awf#lly a 7#ite a totally 1:. :on't ask imon to help ; he's ///// #seless. 1.
completely !ery etremely awf#lly I was a bit //// when I went to be after watchin the horror film. 11. terrified petrified scared horrified 12. It's etremely //// that we try to sol!e this problem 7#ickly. cr#cial essential !ital important
earn about "radable*8n(radable )Weak*Stron(+ #d5ectives Tom is very cold. %arah is absolutely free1in( .
old is a Bwea;B or B+radaleB ad>e/tie. It /ould e OA 1:OA or more or less than this. e use it with words li;eM sli+htl /oldA a it /oldA er /oldA eGtremel /old ree1in( is a Bstron+B or Bun+radaleB ad>e/tie - it is erA er /old! It /an't e a bit freeKin+A so we use it with words whi/h mean Bthe mostB. asolutel freeKin+A /ompletel freeKin+A utterl freeKin+
If yo# aren't s#re whether an ad$ecti!e is stron or weak" yo# can #se 5really5 ; it works with all ad$ecti!es. rea!!. $er.
abso!&te!.
hot
boilin
f#nny
hilario#s
s#rprisin ama8in h#nry
star!in
tired eha#sted imilar to very< slihtly" a bit" a little" etremely" terribly" incredibly. %imilar to absolutelyM /ompletelA utterlA totall.
Stron(*Weak ad5ectives' #dvanced oints $errible means very bad. 8ut terribly >ust means very - for eGampleA Bit was terril interestin+B. e often use it with a ne+atie senten/eM BIt was n9t terribly +ood.B (meanin+ Bit wasn't er +oodB) 7uite means different thin+s with stron+ and wea; ad>e/ties. It was Puite funn. (Puite L wea; ad> N sli+htl). It was Puite hilarious. (Puite L stron+ ad> N asolutel). nsors
6eported Speech and 6eportin( &erbs You will need to ;now the rules for reportin+ spee/h (statements and Puestions) as well as the patterns followin+ reportin+ ers (e.+. Bapolo+ise for doin+ somethin+B). If ou need more information aout these rulesA loo; at m lessons for reported speechA and reportin( verbs. BI want to e a do/torAB said Tom.
Tom told me (that) he wanted to e a do/tor. Tom said (that) he wanted to e a do/tor. Bill ou help meAB she as;ed. %he as;ed (me) if I would help her. %he wondered if I would help her. 4ote the differen/e etween BsaB and BtellB. e sa somethin+A ut we tell someone somethin.
imilar to 'say'
imilar to 'tell'
mention" eplain" point o#t" aree" promise" threaten" pretend" claim" recommend" s#est" admit" deny" boast" complain" insist" propose" reply
promise" ad!ise" warn" remind
Here are some common reportin !erbs with the patterns which follow them. 9o# sho#ld learn and remember these. (ood l#ck ; there are a lot&&&) #b$ect =erb
I
offered areed ref#sed promised threatened pretended claimed
to do This pattern is common with !erbs which mean 5I'll do it&5 to make a c#p of tea. Here" the person who is speakin does the action.
#b$ect =erb
I
told ordered asked beed ad!ised reminded pers#aded enco#raed warned in!ited
>b$ect
him
#b$ect =erb I
admitted denied s#ested recommended
to do This pattern is common with !erbs which mean 59o# do it&5. Here" the person who is listenin does the to makeme a c#p action. of tea. Note that 5warn5 is #s#ally #sed with a neati!e. (5I warned him not to o.5)
doin eatin( all the cake
% lot of st#dents make mistakes with 5s#est5 and 5recommend5 so make s#re yo# learn these.
-inally" there are a lot of reportin !erbs which #se prepositions. %ain" yo# ha!e to remember all these patterns. I blamed him for doin( it.
I confessed to doin( it.
I acc#sed him of doin( it.
I apoloised for doin( it.
I conrat#lated him on doin( it. I insisted on doin( it.
ractice' 6ewrite each of these sentences so they have the same meanin( as the first. 8se between 2 and : words, and do not chan(e the word in brackets.
B"an ou open the windowB as;ed %arah. %arah ……… open the window. )%+ BIf ou remind meA I'll helpAB said %am. %am said that he ……….. him. )reminded+ BI'm sorr I ro;e our /omputerAB said 3ran;. 3ran; ……… m /omputer. )for+ BDon't for+et to do our homewor; toni+htAB said the tea/her. The tea/her ………….. homewor;. )us+ BIt was nd who stole the moneAB said ar. ar …………… the mone. )of+
$his (rammar mi(ht also appear in part / of 8se of En(lish )multiple choice clo1e+. I QQQ him for eerthin+. a//used apolo+ised lamed /onfessed I /on+ratulated him QQQ winnin+ the /ompetition. on of in for I QQQ him that we should +o on holida. su++ested told eGplained inited I QQQ that I would neer do it a+ain. told promised refused wondered I QQQ that I would help him if he needed it. offered persuaded refused a+reed
nsor 2resent 2erfect 3e. Transformations There are seeral was of writin+ the same senten/e usin+ present perfe/t or past simple tenses. These three senten/es hae the same meanin+M
I haen't seen m rother for fie ears. It has een fie ears sin/e I saw m rother. The last time I saw m rother was fie ears a+o.
Rewrite each of these sentences so the. ha$e the same meanin( as the first" 4se between 5 and 6 words+ and do not chan(e the word in brackets"
I haen't een on holida for three ears. It ………. I went on holida. )since+ The last time I ………….. ears a+o. )went+ It has een siG months sin/e she isited us. %he ……………. siG months. )not+ The last time she …………….. months a+o. )was+ The last time I ate /ho/olate was last wee;. I ………………… last wee;. )eaten+ It ………………. I last ate /ho/olate. )been+ It hasn't rained for * wee;s. The last time ……………… a+o. )weeks+ It ………….. it rained. )four+
Conditiona!s I /rashed the /ar e/ause I was tal;in+ on m moile. If I hadn't een tal;in+ on m moileA I wouldn't hae /rashed the /ar. )third conditionals for the past+ #e is alwas late e/ause he for+ets to set his alarm /lo/;. #e wouldn't e late if he rememered to set his alarm /lo/;. )second conditionals for the present+ I re+ret not studin+ for the eGam. I wish I had studied for the eGam. I would li;e to e ri/h and famous. I wish I was ri/h and famous. )wish * if only for past and present+ I thin; it's etter to e ri/h than famous. I'd sooner e ri/h than famous. I'd rather e ri/h than famous. )would rather*sooner*prefer+ e should +o now. It's (hi+h) time we went.
!ow rewrite each of these sentences so they have the same meanin( as the first. 8se between 2 and : words, and do not chan(e the word in brackets.
#e doesn't understand e/ause he neer listens. …………. understand. )if+ #e was si/; e/ause he ate too mu/h. #e ………………….. if he hadn't eaten so mu/h. )been+ %he +ot lost e/ause she didn't hae a map. %he wouldn't hae +ot lost ……………… a map. )if+ I re+ret studin+ politi/s at uniersit. I ………………. politi/s at uniersit. )studied+ I wish I had listened more at s/hool. I ……………… more at s/hool. )re(ret+ I don't want to e a nurseA I want to e a do/tor. I …………………… do/tor than a nurse. )sooner+ e should hae dinner now. It ………………….. dinner. )hi(h+
assives a;e sure ou understand how and when to use passie stru/tures. There is lots more information aout ea/h of these in the main (rammar pa+es of this wesite. ;ind man too; us to the airport. N We were taken to the airport a ;ind man. 3or more information and pra/ti/eA loo; at the passives pa(es.
e also use passies to report what people thin; @ sa. ,eople eliee that /hewin+ +um improes our memor. N %t is believed that /hewin+ +um improes our memor. N hewin( (um is believed to improe our memor. 3inallA we /an ma;e passies with the stru/ture Bto hae somethin+ doneB. The hairdresser /ut m hair. N I had my hair cut. N hair was cut the hairdresser. 3or more information and pra/ti/eA loo; at the (et*have somethin( done pa(es .
ractice / %n the E exam, you mi(ht (et 4uestions for this in part 2 )open clo1e+. hoose the best word to complete these sentences. 1. 2. &. *. .
I'e ………….. m ;it/hen de/orated. Tomatoes are thou+ht …………….. e a fruit. ……………….. is /laimed that iolent /rime is in/reasin+. I thin; I was ……………… followed as I wal;ed home from wor; last ni+ht. "osmeti/s hae ……………….. tested on animals for man ears now.
ractice 2 You mi+ht also +et this tested in the
So and Such %oA what's the differen/e etween so and su/h
%he's so eautiful. %he's su/h a eautiful woman. I met so man people last ni+ht. I ate so mu/h food that I feel si/;.
We #se so with ad$ecti!es (e.. tired" danero#s ...). We #se s#ch with ad$ecti!e 6 no#n (e..bad weather" bi tree). We #se so with 5many 6 co#ntable no#n5 (e.. many trees). We #se so with 5m#ch 6 #nco#ntable no#n5 (e.. m#ch time). !ow try these sentences - type in the word 9so9 or 9such9.
I'!e st#died ………… m#ch rammar that I'm eha#sted. ?y sister is ………… ood at @nlish ; she sho#ld be a teacher. I'!e been waitin for ………… a lon time. I watched …………. a lot of T= last niht.
I watched …………… m#ch T= last niht. I'm ……………… h#nry" I co#ld eat a horse. I ha!e …………….. many ideas" I don't know where to bein. %sk Tom for help ; he a!e me …………………… ood ad!ice last time I asked him.
Moda! 7erbs You will need to e ale to use modal ers (mustA shouldA /ould et/.) and the different er forms whi/h /ome after them. If ou want more detailsA ou /an read aout these more in the main (rammar pa+es of this wesite. ore information aout the modal er would is in m E conditionals pa+es.
There are 1 patterns yo# need to remember which follow modal !erbs< ?odal 6 !erb He sho#ld o.
a sinle action (#s#ally f#t#re) or a state (now)
?odal 6 be 6 !erb;in He sho#ld be oin.
an action in proress (#s#ally now)
?odal 6 ha!e 6 past participle (e.. done" one" been) He sho#ld ha!e one.
a finished action (#s#ally past)
?odal 6 be 6 past participle (e.. done" one" been) He sho#ld be told.
passi!e (someone else does it to him)
?odal 6 ha!e 6 been 6 past participle (e.. done" one" been) He sho#ld ha!e been told. past passi!e (someone did it to him) $iouslA the eGa/t meanin+ depends on the modal er used. 3or eGampleA B#e should hae +oneB means Bhe didn't +oA and this was a mista;eBA while B#e must hae +oneB means BI am sure that he went.B
ractice / %n the E exam, you mi(ht (et 4uestions for this in part 2 )open clo1e+. hoose the best word to complete these sentences. 1. 2. &. *.
4o one ;nows how he diedA ut one theor is that it ………… hae een a tra+i/ a//ident. The potato /rops ma hae …………… destroed inse/ts. %/ientists hae man theories aout what mi+ht ……………. /ausin+ +loal warmin+. hen Koolo+ists measured the spidersA the realised that the must …………een at least 1/m in len+th. . I should hae ………….. homewor; more often when I was at s/hool. . It is not true that the =reat all of "hina /an ……………. seen from the moon.
ractice 2 ;ou mi(ht also (et this tested in the
#e …………….. his train. )mi(ht+ It was er wron+ of ou to orrow m /ar without as;in+. You ……………… m /ar without as;in+. )have+ ae Tom is loo;in+ for a new pla/e to lie. Tom ………………….. for a new pla/e to lie. )could+ h aren't ou at home reisin+ for our eGam You ………………. for our eGam at home now. )be+ #e loo;s reall disappointed. $iousl he eGpe/ted to win the ra/e.
He looks really disappointed. He …………. to win the race.
6elative ronouns and similar words omplete these sentences with >what> or >which> or >that>. 1. I loe the flowers ………. ou ou+ht me. 2.
I loe ………….. ou ou+ht me.
&.
I told him eerthin+ ………….. I ;new.
*.
I told him ………… I ;new.
.
I /an't eliee ………. ou are sain+!!!
.
I /an't eliee the thin+s …………… ou are sain+!!!
5.
I loe ………… ou are wearin+.
7.
I lo!e the hat ……………. yo# are wearin.
omplete these sentences with >where> or >which> or >that>. 1. I loed the town …….. we staed. 2.
I loed the town …………… we staed in.
&.
This is the house …………… I was orn.
*.
This is the house ……………. I ou+ht last wee;.
.
The uniersit ……… I went to was uilt in 19:7.
.
The uniersit ………… I met Ho was uilt in 19:7.
5.
This is the pla/e …………… I +ot married.
7.
This is the place …………….. I was tellin yo# abo#t.
hoose the best word to complete these sentences. I'!e met the writer ………….. book yo#'re readin. I don't like ……………… yo#'!e done to yo#r hair. ?y wife" ………….. was bitten by a do" is scared of animals. I ate e!erythin …………… he cooked for me. I lost the rin ………….. he a!e me. What's the name of the irl ………….. dictionary yo# borrowedA I hid the money ……………. no one co#ld find it.
$#" 78ES$%3!S
ractice' rite the Puestion ta+s for the followin+ statements. Thin; /arefull - what is the auGiliar Is is positie or ne+atie hat is the pronoun 1.
Your rother is tiredA …………
2.
oss doesn't li;e ouA ……………..
&.
"ats don't hae dreamsA ……………..
*.
En+land is the est /ountr in the worldA ……………………
.
e shouldn't fi+ht with ea/h otherA ………………
.
You'e neer fallen in loeA …………………
5.
I wasn't wron+A …………….
7.
The in+ is a +reat filmA ……………………..
9.
You /an drieA ……………….
1:.
Your /hildren are still under 1A …………….
11.
#e'll pass his eGamsA ……………….
12.
You neer do our homewor;A …………..
1&.
It didn't rain esterdaA …………………
1*.
This musi/'s +reatA …………………
1.
You /ouldn't sleep last ni+htA ………………
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