Filipino Architecture

history of architecture

20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

INFLUENCES

ISLAMIC

A. HISTORY

CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Pre-Colonial:  immigrants of Malay origin, food gatherers and hunters  3000 BC, joined by advanced agricultural race from Indonesia  barangays as tribal system  converted to Islam in 1300 AD  trade center of the Orient Spanish Rule:  1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed  1564 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi brought Christianity  until 1900's  nationalist movement by Jose Rizal, unsuccessful revolt by Aguinaldo

American Rule:  islands ceded to America, as a result of Spanish war with USA  fighting  self-government Japanese Invasion:  December 1941  puppet government  liberation by Gen. McArthur in July 1945 independence in 1946 3rd largest English-speaking country in the world citadel of Christianity and democracy in East Asia mixture of races: Malay, Chinese, Spanish B. RELIGION     

Roman Catholics Islam Protestants Aglipayan Iglesia ni Kristo

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN

A. DESCRIPTION  tropical architecture  open and transparent  light

FILIPINO

SCHOOLS: Escuela Practica Y Profecional de Artes Oficio de Manila (1890)  taught maestros de obras Liceo de Manila  MO-P “Maestros de Obra-Practica”  MO-A “Maestros de ObraAcademia” Escuela de Ingenieria Y Arquitectura  closed after one year

Mapua Institute of Architecture (1925)  1st school of Architecture Adamson University  2nd school of Architecture UST College of Architecture (1930)  3rd school of architecture ORGANIZATIONS: Philippine Architects Society Philippine Institute of Architects League of Philippine Architects Association of Phil. Government Architects PIA + LPA + APGA = United Architects of the Philippines

EXAMPLES PRE-SPANISH HOUSES  Bahay Kubo style of dwelling  well- adapted to tropical climate  of wood, bamboo, and palm leaves

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

 Mindanao & Sulu Region

20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN

Isneg

Kalinga

Badjao

Samal

FILIPINO

Yakan Bontoc

Ifugao

Kankanai Ivatan, Mangyan, Subanun, Mandaya

 Island of Panay

Bahay Kubo

Maranao

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

ISNEG BINURON homes of the Isneg boatpeople pyramidal or hipped roof annex on one or both ends removable sidings for special occasions

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

ISNEG BINURON

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

ISNEG BINURON

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

KALINGA BINAYON octagonal or rectangular painted round human figures roof ridge perpendicular to river loft or granary hides roof

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

KALINGA BINAYON

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

KALINGA BINAYON

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

BONTOC HOUSES SAGADA house within a house shelter for rice, chickens, pigs, and people

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

BONTOC HOUSES SAGADA

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

BONTOC HOUSES SAGADA

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

IFUGAO built on the rice terraces near a spring or grove entry faces down slope

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

IFUGAO

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

KANKANAI BINANGIYAN Similar to the ifugao house ridge parallel to front made of narra or pine

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

KANKANAI BINANGIYAN

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

BADJAO ladder serves as wash area mirrors symbolize the number of children lipa, djenging, and dapang houseboats

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

BADJAO

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

SAMAL HOUSE

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

SAMAL HOUSE

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

SAMAL HOUSE

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

YAKAN HOUSE elevated 2 to 3 meters above ground kitchen annex door faces east rooms and steps are odd

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

YAKAN HOUSE

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

 Mindanao & Sulu Region MARANAO TOROGAN House built for sultans and datus Arranged in a line along the river Elevated 2 to 3 meters above ground Windows face front and right Panolong and okir carvings A lamin or tower built atop the torogan hides the sultan’s daughter

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

 Mindanao & Sulu Region MARANAO TOROGAN

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Island of Panay 20th

C: MODERN

BAHAY KUBO

ISLAMIC

bamboo house on stilts

CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

home to an extended family often surrounded by a garden

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Island of Panay 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

BAHAY KUBO

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Island of Panay 20th

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

BAHAY KUBO

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Calasiao, Pangasinan  2nd best bell tower  by Fr. Ramon Dalinao

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Laoag Church, Ilocos Norte  by Fr. Joseph Ruiz  sinking belltower

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Las Pinas Church  by Fr. Diego Cera

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Loboc, Bohol  biggest number of murals on walls and ceilings

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Manila Cathedral  by Bishop Domingo Salazar

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo  by Fr. Fernando Comporedondo

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Morong Church, Rizal  Spanish Baroque style  by Fr. Blas dela Madre

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Panay Church largest bell, from 30 sacks of coins donated by townspeople

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Quiapo Church restored by Juan Nakpil and Jose Maria Zaragosa

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

San Agustin Church by Fr. Juan Macias

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

San Sebastian one of first steel buildings steel from Belgium by Eiffel

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Taal Church, Batangas by Fr. Martin Aguirre biggest church

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Sta. Ana Church, Manila by Fr. Vicente Ingles restored by Juan Nakpil

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Sto. Nino, Cebu by Diego de Herrera

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST San Agustin, Intramuros Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo San Agustin, Paoay, Ilocos Norte Sta. Monica, Ilocos Sur

JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

SPANISH HOUSES: BAHAY-NABATO evolved from the Bahay Kubo:  tropical house  steep, hip roof  post and lintel construction  light and airy structure  elevated living quarters  economy of materials  space flowing from one room to next Spanish, Neo-Classical, Gothic, and Baroque influence:  grandeur and solidity  ornamentation

  

Vigan Houses Antillan Houses Ivatan Houses

PARTS FIRST FLOOR: Zaguan, for caroza Quadra, horse stable Bodega, storeroom SECOND FLOOR: Stairway Caida, ante-sala from stairs Sala, living room Comedor, dining room Cocina, kitchen Dispensa, pantry Letrina or Comun, toilet Baño, bath Azotea, open terrace Aljibe, water cistern Cuarto, Alcoba, Dormitorio Entresuelo, vault Balcon, balcony Patio, courtyard

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

MORE VERNACULAR TERMS: Unosinotra, alternate/staggered Liyabe, anchor Batidura, astragal Medya Agua, awning Barandillas, baluster Rodapis, baseboard Tirante, bottom chord Pie de Gallo, brace Ladrillo, brick Kostilyahe, ceiling joists Sinturon, collar Larga Masa, concrete slab Escondro, crushed stone Abang, dowel Tubo de Banada, downspout Escombro, earth fill Alero, eaves Tabike, exterior siding Piye, feet Batidura, fillet Dotal, floorboards Soleras, floor joists Guililan, floor sill Suelo, flooring Alahado, flush

Kapatas, foreman Balangkas, framework Dos Aguas, gable roof Kuling, girder Sepo, girt Canal, groove Alulod o Kanal, gutter Caida, hall Bisagra, hinge Pulgada, inches Pendulum, king post Piyon, laborer Asinta, laying of CHB Sibe, lean-to roof Dulang, low table Kantero, Mason Kanto Mesa, miter Paupo, mortar Kostura, mortar joints Estanyo, Nikolite bar Truerka, nut Estopa, oakum De Bandeha, panel door Lingueta, GI strap Tapon, plug

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

MORE VERNACULAR TERMS: Hulog, plumb bob Bolado, projection Reostra, purlins Masilya, putty Media Cana, quarter round Vaciada, rabbet Kabilya, reinforcing bars Kaballete, ridge roll Takip Silipan, riser Rimatse, rivets Lastillas, sand and gravel Andanyo, scaffolding Rebokada, scratch coat Dutcha, shower Prigadero, sink Krokis, sketch plan Estanyo, soldering bar Biento, spacing Staka, stake Madre de Escalera, closed stringer Trabe Anzo, horizontal stud Pilarete, vertical stud Latero, tinsmith Baytang, tread

Pergola, trellis Kilo, truss Asolehos, wainscoting tiles Bagad, wall post Pitsa, washer Pasamano, window sill Poleya, wiring knob Haspe, wood grain Tabla, wood plank Plantsuela, wrought iron strap Palitada, plaster Kalinya, aligned Trankilya, barrel bolt Biga, beam Hiero, iron Kisame, ceiling Baral de Kadena, chain bolt Poste, column Kontratista, constructor Kanto, corner Dish rack, bangguerahan Sumbrero Pintuan, door head Hamba Pintuan, door jamb Senepa, fascia board Tambak, fill

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

AMERICAN PERIOD Early American Period

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Notable architects: Daniel Burnham  city plan of Manila and Baguio William Parsons Juan Arellano Tomas Mapua  1st registered architect in country Alejandro Legardo Antonio Toledo Carlos Barredo

Masonic Temple, Escolta  1st concrete building in Escolta Philippine Normal School  Phil. Normal University University of the Philippines  Padre Faura

National Museum  1st was the Legislative Building Intendencia Building  adjacent to Manila Cathedral Luneta Hotel  2nd hotel in Asia  French Baroque style Army and Navy Club  rest and recreation for American soldiers De La Salle College  by Tomas Mapua Rizal Monument  obelisk Sta. Isabel College

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Manila Hotel  1st hotel in Asia  1st with elevator  renovated by Locsin in 1975

Philippine General Hospital  by William Parsons

UST Main Building by Roque Rueno

Post Office Building by Juan Arellano

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

Ideal Theater, Avenida Rizal  by Pablo Antonio

AMERICAN PERIOD 20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC

Commonwealth Period Notable architects:

CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

Jai Alai Building  demolished in 2001  Art Deco, streamline style

Juan Nakpil  1st National Artist for Arch. Pablo Antonio  2nd National Artist for Arch. Enrique Bautista Gonzalo Barreto Fernando Ocampo Andres Luna y San Pedro Leandro Locsin  3rd National Artist for Arch.

Ambassador Hotel  by Fernando Ocampo  1st skyscraper in the country (4 storeys) Syquia Apartments, Malate  by Pablo Antonio Natividad Building, Escolta  by Andres Luna y San Pedro Regina Building, Escolta  by Andres Luna y San Pedro

Agriculture & Finance Building Crystal Arcade, Escolta Quezon Institute  By Juan Nakpil Lyric Theater, Escolta  By Juan Nakpil

FEU Main Building  by Pablo Antonio

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN

Metropolitan Theater

FILIPINO

The Iglesia Ni Cristo Cathedrals by Carlos Santos Viola

The Church of the Risen Lord, UP by Cesar Concio

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

Philippine Heart Center

INDIAN FILIPINO

The Meralco Building by Jose Zaragoza

The Quiapo Mosque by Jorge Ramos

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

SM Megamall by Antonio Sindiong

Robinson’s Galleria by William Coscolluela

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN

The Central Bank of the Philippines

FILIPINO

Asian Institute of Management The Quezon Monument by Federico Ilustre

by Gabriel Formoso

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN

The Parish of the Holy Sacrifice, UP Diliman

FILIPINO

The New Istana, Brunei

The Philippine Stock Exchange The Cultural Center of the Philippines

by Leandro Locsin

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

INDIAN FILIPINO

The Enterprise

RCBC Tower

GT Tower

Robinson Summit