Contents OBJECTIVE:..................... ................................ ..................... ..................... ...................... ............................................. .................................. 2
APPARA APPARATUS:...................... TUS:................................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................. .......................2 2 Individual Background Information:..................... Information:............................... ..................... ..................... ................... .........3 3 ong li! Ping................... Ping............................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..........3 3 it"a#a Savessri................... Savessri.............................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......................... .............. $ %a! %a! Tee Tee ei............ ei....................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................................................. ........................................ & %ong %ong '(ong C"eng.................. C"eng............................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....................... ............. ) TA* TA* %++ S,I+*........... S,I+*..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... .................................... ......................... Te" Te" 'ae iang................ iang.......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................................ ................................. / PR0C+1UR+.................... PR0C+1UR+.............................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ......................................... ................................ .. PART PA RT : 4IR+ 1+T+CT0RS................... 1+T+CT0RS.............................. ..................... ......................................... ............................... PR0C+1UR+ 540R S60'+ 1+T+CT0RS7:.......................... 1+T+CT0RS7:................................................2 ......................2 PR0C+1UR+ 540R ,+AT ,+AT 1+T+CT0RS7:................... 1+T+CT0RS7:.............................. ................................ .....................2 2 PART PA RT 2: +8A6I*ATI0* +8A6I*ATI0* 04 C0*TR0 90*I* I* TAR C0++..............2 C0++............ ..2 R+SUT:......................................................................................................2 1ISCUSSI0* ;U+STI0*S:.................. ;U+STI0*S:............................ ..................... ..................... ................................... .........................3 3 Conclusion.................... Conclusion.............................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......................... .............. )
OBJECTIVE: 1. To demonstrate how the fire detectors and communication device operate. 2. To identify and eamine the fire app!iances in the specified "one within the co!!e#e.
APPARATUS: $ fire demonstration set which inc!udes contro! pane!% manua! e!ectric a!arm% audi&!e and visua! a!arm% ionisation smo'e detector% optiona! smo'e detector% heat detector% &urnin# materia!s% stop watch.
Individual Background Information: Wong lip Ping <TR3$ 2
(I)E $*$)+ ,-,TE+: $n automatic fire alarm system is desi#ned to detect the unwanted presence of fire &y monitorin# environmenta! chan#es associated with com&ustion. In #enera!% a fire a!arm system is c!assified as either automatica!!y actuated% manua!!y actuated% or &oth. $utomatic fire a!arm systems are intended to notify the &ui!din# occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emer#ency% report the event to an offpremises !ocation in order to summon emer#ency services% and to prepare the structure and associated systems to contro! the spread of fire and smo'e.
4undamental con=guration
(i#ure 1 $ /oneywe!! 0e!taet (,3 fire a!arm contro! pane!.
(ire a!arm contro! pane!: This component% the hu& of the system% monitors inputs and system inte#rity% contro!s outputs and re!ays information.
4rimary 4ower supp!y: Common!y the nonswitched 123 or 253 Vo!t $!ternatin# Current source supp!ied from a commercia! power uti!ity. In non residentia! app!ications% a &ranch circuit is dedicated to the fire a!arm system and its constituents. 60edicated &ranch circuits6 shou!d not &e confused with 6Individua! &ranch circuits6 which supp!y ener#y to a sin#!e app!iance.
,econdary 7&ac'up8 4ower supp!ies: This component% common!y consistin# of sea!ed !eadacid stora#e &atteries or other emer#ency sources inc!udin# #enerators% is used to supp!y ener#y in the event of a primary power fai!ure.
Initiatin# 0evices: This component acts as an input to the fire a!arm contro! unit and are either manua!!y or automatica!!y actuated. Eamp!es wou!d &e devices !i'e pu!! stations or smo'e detectors. 3
Figure 2 Fire Alarm on a street in Sa n Francisco
otification app!iances: This component uses ener#y supp!ied from the fire a!arm system or other stored ener#y source% to inform the proimate persons of the need to ta'e action% usua!!y to evacuate. This is done &y means of a f!ashin# !i#ht% stro&e !i#ht% e!ectromechanica! horn% spea'er% or a com&ination of these devices. Bui!din# ,afety Interfaces: This interface a!!ows the fire a!arm system to contro! aspects of the &ui!t environment and to prepare the &ui!din# for fire and to contro! the spread of smo'e fumes and fire &y inf!uencin# air movement% !i#htin#% process contro!% human transport and eit. &ac'#round
The deve!opment of these !ifesavin# app!iances &e#an in 19 when Ermst +ei!i% a ,wiss physicist% devised an ioni"ation cham&er device capa&!e of detectin# com&usti&!e #ases in mines. The rea! &rea'throu#h was +ei!is invention of a co!dcathode tu&e that cou!d amp!ify the sma!! e!ectronic si#na! #enerated &y the detection mechanism to a stren#th sufficient to activate an a!arm. /eat 0etectors #enerall# fall in to t(o categories and t"at are (ied Temperature /eat 0etectors and more common!y% )ate of )ise /eat 0etectors. $ (ied Temperature /eat 0etector uti!i"es a temperature sensin# e!ement which wi!! #enerate an a!arm condition if the temperature within the protected area reaches a predetermined !eve! e.#. ;3uestion. $ )ate of )ise /eat 0etector wi!! inc!ude a fied temperature e!ement as a&ove &ut wi!! in addition inc!ude a temperature sensin# e!ement which can detect a sudden chan#e in temperature. This type of <
detector is more sensitive than a simp!e fied temperature heat detector and as such is the choice for app!ications in which re!ia&!e performance and ear!y warnin# are critica! &ut where the environment ma'es smo'e detection unsuita&!e. $ smo'e detector is a device that senses the presence of smo'e in a &ui!din#
and warns the occupants% ena&!in# them to escape a fire &efore succum&in# to smo'e inha!ation or &urns. E>uippin# a home with at !east one smo'e detector cuts in ha!f the chances that the residents wi!! die in a fire. In 12 the readers of R&D Magazine se!ected home smo'e a!arms as one of the 693 4roducts that Chan#ed Our *ives.6 ,mo'e detectors &ecame wide!y avai!a&!e and afforda&!e in the ear!y 1?3s. 4rior to that date% fata!ities from fires in the home avera#ed 13%333 per year% &ut &y the ear!y 13s the fi#ure dropped to fewer than ;%333 per year. Two &asic types of smo'e detectors are current!y manufactured for residentia! use. The photoe!ectric smo'e detector uses an optica! &eam to search for smo'e. @hen smo'e partic!es c!oud the &eam% a photoe!ectric ce!! senses the decrease in !i#ht intensity and tri##ers an a!arm. This type of detector reacts most >uic'!y to smo!derin# fires that re!ease re!ative!y !ar#e amounts of smo'e.The second type of smo'e detector% 'nown as an ioni"ation cham&er smo'e detector 7IC,08% is >uic'er at sensin# f!amin# fires that produce !itt!e smo'e. It emp!oys a radioactive materia! to ioni"e the air in a sensin# cham&erA the presence of smo'e affects the f!ow of the ions &etween a pair of e!ectrodes% which tri##ers the a!arm. Between 3 and 3 of the smo'e detectors in $merican homes are of this type. $!thou#h most residentia! mode!s are se!fcontained units that operate on a vo!t &attery% construction codes in some parts of the country now re>uire insta!!ations in new homes to &e connected to the house wirin#% with a &attery &ac'up in case of a power fai!ure. )eference
Be!an#er% ).% 0.@. Buc'!ey% and J.B. ,wenson % made how% avai!a&!e from Dhttp:www.pdhon!ine.or#coursesm113+odu!eF.pdfG% retrieved on22F231F
Withaya Savessri <TR3$ > Background information
Bui!din# may come in variety of desi#n. Thus with a!! the #ood !oo'in# desi#n out there in the construction industry% it is a must for the desi#n to &e a&!e to a!ert the occupant effective!y in durin# emer#ency situation. $mon# a!! the safety a!arm% the most important one is the fire a!armdetector. It wi!! cause death to the occupant of the &ui!din# if the a!arm is not wor'in# as how it supposed to &e. Thus% fire a!arm is $
crucia! in overcomin# the fire out&rea'. +ost of the &ui!din#s now are made of a fire resistant materia! such as fireresistance rated wa!!s% fireresistance rated f!oor% fire resistance #!ass and many more. These are a!so scientifica!!y 'nown as passive fire protection. @hi!e on the other hand% active fire protection is somethin# !i'e smo'e and fire detector% fire a!arm% fire sprin'!er% fire etin#uisher and so much more. (ire can &e fou#ht either automatica!!y or manua!!y. +anua! inc!udes% fire etin#uisher% fire &uc'et or sand% dependin# on what causes the fire. +eanwhi!e% automatic fire fi#htin# is more !i'e fire sprin'!er. $utomatic fire fi#htin# system usua!!y found in 'itchen
or
other
some
other
hi#hris'
area.
Yap Tee Wei 15@T)129
$ fire a!arm system function when a num&er of devices are wor'in# to#ether to detect and a!ert peop!e when there is a fire. There are many types of a!arms such as smo'e detectors% and heat detectors. The p!acement of the fire a!arm is a!so very important as it can ma'e a hu#e different when under an emer#ency situation. $ fire protection system is essentia! to effective mana#ement of a fire scene. (ire 4rotection ,ystems focuses on the operationa! characteristics and a&i!ities of different types of systems and e>uipment that are used durin# fire department operations to access a water source% app!y a suppression a#ent to contro! a particu!ar type of fire% provide information concernin# the !ocation of a fire% and more. ,ystematic% easytounderstand covera#e thorou#h!y ep!ores various types of active fire protection systems and components% how they operate% and the re>uirements for insta!!ation. Brea' #!ass station are devices for manua! fire a!arm activation and it is norma!!y insta!!ed at a !ocation that is easi!y !ocated and identified. $s for automatic activatin# devices% it varies from convected therma! ener#y% heat detector% smo'e detector% f!ame detector% fire #as detector and cameras and computer detect fires with human supervision. otification $pp!iances a!ert the occupants of the need to evacuate or ta'e action in the event of fire or other emer#ency. Evacuation si#na!s may consist of simp!e app!iances that transmit information or app!iances that transmit audi&!e and
&
visi&!e tetua! information such as !ive or prerecorded instructions% and i!!uminated messa#e disp!ays. Yong Kwong Cheng - Background information
,afety protection a#ainst a!! the unepected happenin# in the residentia! is a most important thin# that to &e care amon# the pu&!ic. ,o that% in order to provide a &etter service inside the residentia! or the commercia! &ui!din# the safety protection a#ainst the resident to &e a main purpose. (ire fi#htin# system p!ays an important service inside the residentia!. orma!!y for the residentia! &ui!din# especia!!y for the &i# proHect such as condominium proHect% it norma!!y wi!! insta!! fu!! set of the fire fi#htin# system to protect the resident when there is a fire happens. (ire fi#htin# system it norma!!y consists of two protection system% which are passive fire protection system and active fire protection system. 4assive fire protection system is a system that &ui!ds up to#ether with the residentia! &ui!din#A it a!so means that in the ear!y sta#e of the desi#n for the residentia! &ui!din# it a!ready &e desi#n to suit the &ui!din# for fire protection system. 4assive fire protection norma!!y wi!! &e desi#n under certain act and re#u!ation &ase on the needs of the &ui!din#. The purpose of desi#nin# the passive fire protection inside the residentia! or commercia! &ui!din# is to protect the resident to escape safe!y from the &ui!din# when there is a fire happenin#. (ire escape staircase% fire escape corridor and fire escape !o&&y are some of the desi#n of the passive fire protection system inside the residentia! or commercia! &ui!din#. $ctive fire protection system is a system that to &e insta!!in# e>uipment inside the &ui!din# after finish construct the &ui!din#. There are severa! types of the active fire protection system% some of them are insta!!ed connected to the e!ectricity% some of them are insta!!ed connected to the water and some of them are individua!!y or ca!! as porta&!e% means that it doesnt connected to any other resources. The function of the active fire protection system is not on!y to protect the resident when there is fire% it a!so function as to a!arm or warnin# the resident to escape from the &ui!din#. ,mo'e detector% heat detector% fire a!arm% hose ree!% sprin'!ers are some of the production of the active fire protection system. (ina!!y% a!! of this fire fi#htin# system to &e desi#n and insta!! inside the &ui!din# not on!y to prevent the fire happenin# and safe!y escape of resident from &ui!din# when fire happin# it a!so he!ps to contro! the fire &efore it &ecome more worst. eference •
Ba'ar /.$.%233;. uide To (ire 4rotection In +a!aysia. 2 nd Edition. KK+.
)
T!" Y## S$%#" 15@T)12?2 Bac'#round Information
$ fire a!arm system wi!! indicate a fire emer#ency re>uirin# immediate action. The system sha!! a!ert a!! occupants of &ui!din# where it is insta!!ed when a fire emer#ency is present. The primary function of a fire a!arm is to a!ert the occupants of a &ui!din# to the presence of a fire. It may a!so perform other functions. (or instance% the system can &e desi#ned to simu!taneous!y a!ert the fire department is essentia!. The K, (ire $dministration say L0ont (or#et the ,mo'e $!armsM. Even thou#h fire sprin'!ers are effective !ife safety devices you sti!! need smo'e a!arms. ,ome fires can &e#in as smo!derin# fires that produce smo'e and #ases &ut dont #enerate enou#h heat to activate the sprin'!es. ,mo'e a!arm are needed to provide warnin# for these situation.M $fter than % a fire a!arm must have fundamenta! confi#uration is:
(ire a!arm contro! pane!: This component% the hu& of the system % monitors inputs and system inte#rity% contro! outputs and re!ays information. 4rimary 4ower supp!y: Common!y the nonswitched 123 or 253 Vo!t $!ternatin# Current source supp!ied from a commercia! power uti!ity. In nonresidentia! app!ications% a &ranch circuit is dedicated to the fire a!arm system and its constituents. L0edicated &ranch circuitsM shou!d not &e confused with Lindividua! &ranch circuitsM which supp!y ener#y to a sin#!e app!iance. ,econdary 7&ac'up8 4ower supp!ies: This component% common!y consistin# of sea!ed !eadacid stora#e &atteries or other emer#ency sources inc!udin# #enerators% is used to supp!y ener#y in the event of a primary power fai!ure. Initiatin# 0evices: This component acts as an input to the fire a!arm contro! unit and are either manua!!y or automatica!!y actuated. Eamp!es wou!d &e devices !i'e pu!! stations or smo'e detectors.
otification app!iances: This component uses ener#y supp!ied from the fire a!arm system or other stored ener#y source% to inform the proimate persons of the need to ta'e action% usua!!y to evacuate. This is done &y means of a f!ashin# !i#ht% stro&e !i#ht% e!ectromechanica! horn% spea'er% or a com&ination of these devices.
Bui!din# ,afety Interfaces: This interface a!!ows the fire a!arm system to contro! aspects of the &ui!t environment and to prepare the &ui!din# for fire and to contro! the spread of smo'e fumes and fire &y inf!uencin# air movement% !i#htin#% process contro!% human transport and eit.
)eferences : $. +aurice Jones% 233 % (ire 4rotection ,ystem
-
Teh Kae &iang N Bac'#round Information
The deve!opment of these !ifesavin# app!iances &e#an in 19 when Ermst +ei!i% a ,wiss physicist% devised an ioni"ation cham&er device capa&!e of detectin# com&usti&!e #ases in mines. The rea! &rea'throu#h was +ei!is invention of a co!d cathode tu&e that cou!d amp!ify the sma!! e!ectronic si#na! #enerated &y the detection mechanism to a stren#th sufficient to activate an a!arm. /eat 0etectors #enerall# fall in to t(o categories and t"at are (ied Temperature /eat 0etectors and more common!y% )ate of )ise /eat 0etectors. $ (ied Temperature /eat 0etector uti!i"es a temperature sensin# e!ement which wi!! #enerate an a!arm condition if the temperature within the protected area reaches a pre determined !eve! e.#. ;3uestion. $ )ate of )ise /eat 0etector wi!! inc!ude a fied temperature e!ement as a&ove &ut wi!! in addition inc!ude a temperature sensin# e!ement which can detect a sudden chan#e in temperature. This type of detector is more sensitive than a simp!e fied temperature heat detector and as such is the choice for app!ications in which re!ia&!e performance and ear!y warnin# are critica! &ut where the environment ma'es smo'e detection unsuita&!e. $ smo'e detector is a device that senses the presence of smo'e in a &ui!din# and warns the occupants% ena&!in# them to escape a fire &efore succum&in# to smo'e inha!ation or &urns. E>uippin# a home with at !east one smo'e detector cuts in ha!f the chances that the residents wi!! die in a fire. In 12 the readers of R&D Magazine se!ected home smo'e a!arms as one of the 693 4roducts that Chan#ed Our *ives.6 ,mo'e detectors &ecame wide!y avai!a&!e and afforda&!e in the ear!y 1?3s. 4rior to that date% fata!ities from fires in the home avera#ed 13%333 per year% &ut &y the ear!y 13s the fi#ure dropped to fewer than ;%333 per year. Two &asic types of smo'e detectors are current!y manufactured for residentia! use. The photoe!ectric smo'e detector uses an optica! &eam to search for smo'e. @hen smo'e partic!es c!oud the &eam% a photoe!ectric ce!! senses the decrease in !i#ht intensity and tri##ers an a!arm. This type of detector reacts most >uic'!y to smo!derin# fires that re!ease re!ative!y !ar#e amounts of smo'e.The second type of smo'e detector% 'nown as an ioni"ation cham&er smo'e detector 7IC,08% is >uic'er at sensin# f!amin# fires that produce !itt!e smo'e.
/
reference Be!an#er% ).% 0.@. Buc'!ey% and J.B. ,wenson % made how% avai!a&!e from Dhttp:www.pdhon!ine.or#coursesm113+odu!eF.pdfG% retrieved on22F231F
PR0C+1UR+ : PART : 4IR+ 1+T+CT0RS
Figure 3 fre alarm control
Figure 4 heat detector
Figure 5 fre alarm push button
Figure 6 fre alarm with siren
Figure 7 optimal smoke detector
18 28 98 58
Operated the fire a!arm demonstration set. Identify the functions of each detector. Investi#ate the performance of &oth ioni"ation and visi&!e smo'e detectors. Investi#ate the performance of &oth fied temperature and rate of temperature rise fire detectors.
PR0C+1UR+ 540R S60'+ 1+T+CT0RS7: 1. Burn the paper = insert it into the smo'e pump to #et smo'e. 2. Identify each functions of each detector. 9. Investi#ate the performance of &oth ioni"ation and visi&!e smo'e
detectors.
5. Investi#ate the performance of &oth fied temperature and rate of temperature rise fire detectors.
PR0C+1UR+ 540R ,+AT 1+T+CT0RS7: 1. 4ress the &utton. 2. The &u!& is !i#htened up = stopwatch was started. 9. Thermometer was used to showed the temperature .@hen the predetermined temperature is reached% the fire a!arm was sounded. 5. ey in the password to deactivated the a!arm. F. )ecord the initia! and fina! temperature% chan#ed in temperature = time ta'en for a!arm to sound.
PART 2: +8A6I*ATI0* 04 C0*TR0 90*I* I* TAR C0++
T$,: 1. (ind out the contro! pane! within co!!e#e. 2. 4!ot the contro! "onin#. 9. Identify and eamined the types of fire etin#uishers and detectors in the specified "one whined the co!!e#e.
R+SUT: )ate of temperature rise detector: Time ta'en 7minutes8
Initia! temperature 7PC8
fina! temperature 7PC8
'()*
+)
'+
Optima! smo'e detector:
2
Time taken
7minutes8
'(+,
Ionisation smo'e detector: Time ta'en7minutes8
,(**
/eat detector 7;3C8: Time ta'en 7minutes8
Initia! temperature 7C8
fina! temperature 7C8
,(,'
+)
'*
1ISCUSSI0* ;U+STI0*S: ( Trace the history in the development of a fire alarm system in a .uilding(
The first practica! fire a!arm system uti!i"in# the te!e#raph system was deve!oped &y 0r. @i!!iam Channin# and +oses . (armer in 1F2.Two years !ater% they app!ied for apartment for their 6E!ectroma#netic (ire $!arm Te!e#raph for Cities6. In 1FF% John amewe!! of ,outh Caro!ina purchased re#iona! ri#hts to mar'et the fire a!arm te!e#raph% !ater o&tainin# the patents and fu!! ri#hts to the system in 1F. John (. ennard &ou#ht the patents from the #overnment after they were sei"ed after the Civi! @ar% returned them to amewe!!% and formed a partnership% ennard and Co.% in 1;? to manufacture the a!arm systems. The amewe!! (ire $!arm Te!e#raph Co. was !ater formed in 1?. amewe!! systems were insta!!ed in 2F3 cities &y 1; and F33 cities in 13. By 113% amewe!! had #ained a F mar'et share. 7+c. raw/i!!% Encyc!opaedia of science and techno!o#y% 13 th edition% vo!ume ?./##S$!" !0%"8
3
+( What are the types of fire detectors availa.le1 2escri.e .riefly on each(
Types of detectors $#!T 2#T#CT 3
P%C
2#SC%PT%3"
•
(ied temperature heat detector
•
)ate of temperature rise heat detector
•
*inear detector
•
Ioni"ation smo'e detector Optica! smo'e detector $spiratin# smo'e detector Beam detector
S03K# 2#T#CT 3 • • •
4&!0# 2#T#CT 3 • •
K!tra Vio!et f!ame detector Infra)ed f!ame detector
<
)( What are the differences .etween the smoke and heat detector1
Smoke detector
smo'e detectors use ioni"ation and photoelectric techno!o#ies
,mo'e detector warns of fire when it comes across com&ustion or soot products in the atmosphere.
2ifferences Technology used
$ow it works
$eat detector Heat detector uses thermocouple and electro-pneumatic technologies.
/eat detector is an instrument that warns of fire when the temperature around the smo'e detector reaches some !eve!
,mo'e detectors wi!! #ive off the 2etection sensor a!arm even when a sma!! amount of smo'e is detected
/eat detectors wi!! not detect even the sma!!est amount of temperature chan#e.
,mo'e detectors are very sensitive and may #ive off fa!se a!arms
/eat detectors are more re!ia&!e fire detectors% even in dusty environments and on!y sets off the a!arm when the temperature is rea!!y hi#h.
Sensitivity and elia.le
$
5( 4rom the 0alaysian 6niform Building .y &aws 785 Part B 9as at 4e. +*:; list some of means of fire detection; e
$ccordin# to 4$)T VIII ,ECTIO 22F I KBB* 1. Every &ui!din# sha!! &e provided with means of detectin# and etin#uishin# fire with fire a!arms to#ether with i!!uminated eit si#ns in accordance with the re>uirement as specified in the Tenth ,chedu!e to these By!aws 2. Every &ui!din# sha!! &e served &y at !east one fire hydrant !ocated not more than 1.Fmetres from the nearest point of fire &ri#ade access. 9. 0ependin# on si"e and !ocation of the &ui!din# and the provision of access for fire app!iances% additiona! fire hydrant sha!! &e provided as may &e re>uired &y the (ire $uthority. 4ire !larm
$ccordin# to ,ection 29? KBB*% (ire $!arm. 1. (ire a!arms sha!! &e provided in accordance with the Tenth ,chedu!e of these By!aws. 2. $!! premises and &ui!din#s with #ross f!oor area ec!udin# car par' and stora#e areas eceedin# 23 s>uare meters or eceedin# 93.F meters in hei#ht sha!! &e provided with a twosta#e a!arm system with evacuation7continuous
&
si#na!8 to &e #iven immediate!y in the affected section of the premises whi!e an a!ert 7 intermittent si#na!8 &e #iven in adHoinin# section. 9. 4rovision sha!! &e made for the #enera! evacuation of the premises &y action of a master contro!.
Conclusion Base on the resu!t a&ove shows that different types of fire detector have the different sensitivity a#ainst the fire. (rom the eperiment &oth types of the apparatus are active fire protection system. (or the heat detector% there is two different 'ind of heat detector are use to ma'e comparison. )esu!t show that the /eat 0etector 7;3 QC8 ,et 4oint are more sensitive a#ainst the heat% it was too' F:F? min to sense the heat% however% )ate of Temperature rise detector too' ?:93 min to sense the heat. Besides% there is a!so two different 'ind of smo'e detector are use in the eperiment. )esu!t show that the Optica! ,mo'e 0etector is more sensitive a#ainst the smo'e compared to the Ionisation ,mo'e 0etector and it was too' F min to sense the surroundin# smo'e. /owever% the Ionisation ,mo'e 0etector was too' ?:2F min to sense the surroundin# smo'e. $ctua!!y% the detector can &e set &y manua!!y% when that is enou#h smo'e% heat and timin# detected the a!arm wi!! &urst. (rom the resu!t show that% it is &etter to insta!! /eat 0etector 7;3 QC8 ,et 4oint and Optica! ,mo'e 0etector as an active fire protection system inside the &ui!din#.
This &ecause it is more sensitive a#ainst the fire happenin#. The reason to insta!! the most sensitive active fire protect system is &ecause the fire f!ashover can Hust occur within 9 minutes% when there is reach to the f!ashover sta#e it is difficu!t to contro!. ,o the sensitive active fire protect system can he!p to s!ow down the fire reach to f!ashover sta#e.
)E(E)ECE,: 1. NFPA 805 Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light ater Reactor !"ectric #enerating P"ants. Chapter 9 (undamenta! (ire 4rotection 4ro#ram and 0esi#n E!ements: ationa! (ire 4rotection $ssociation. (e&ruary 2331. 2. NFPA $% Standard on ar'on Dio(ide !(ting)ishing S*stems . Chapter 5 $nne $: ationa! (ire 4rotection $ssociation. 2311. 9. Cote% $rthur E. 7+arch 23338. Fire Protection +and'oo, eighteenth edition. ationa! (ire 4rotection $ssociation. pp. FN. I,B 3??;F9??1.
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5. NFPA % - Nationa" Fire A"arm and Signa"ing ode - %0$0 !dition. ationa! (ire $!arm $ssociation% 233% 4a#e 11% ,u§ion 25.5.1 F. 6+ass otification ,ystems Emer#ency otification ,ystems6. The +ircom roup of Companies. ;. 6(ire $!arm ,ystem Cate#ories6. ,dfirea!arms.co.u'. )etrieved 2333?1F. ?. 6(ire $!arm Rone 0esi#n6. +etro!inesecurity.co.u'. )etrieved 23123;21.
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