FORES v. MIRANDA No. L-68729/ MAR 4 1959/ REYES, JBL, J/ TRANSPO – Common C!!"#!$% N&'!# n( B$"$ o) L"*"+"& NCC 17 /RLA'!#++no /RLA'!#++no
NAT0 NAT0RE RE PET3T3ONER RESPONENTS
P#&" P#&"&"o &"on n &o !#" !#"# # NTC NTC o!(# o!(#!! Paz Fores
FACTS.
•
•
•
•
Irineo Miranda
SUMMARY . R#$on(#n& M"!n( $ $$#n#! "n ## o#!( * P#&"&"on#! o!#$. o!#$. T# ## o& "no+#( "n n ::"(#n&, n( M"!n( $ "n'!#(. T# C" !(#( mo!+ (m#$, ": o!#$ :on$( "n &# SC. SC #+( && mo!+ (m#$ :nno& *# !(#(, *#:'$# &#!# $ no $o"n o) )!'( o! *( )"&. DOCTRI DOCTRINE. NE. T# +"*"+"& o) :ommon :!!"#!$ "$ :on&!:&'+; &#!#)o!#, &#!# "$ !#$'m&"on o) +"*"+"& on &# !& o) &# :!!"#!, 'on m#!# !oo) !oo) o) "n'! &o &# $$#n#! $$#n#!.. T# +$o :nno& #$:# #$:# +"*"+"& +"*"+"& * !o"n && &# #<#!:"$#( ('# ("+"#n:# "n &# $#+#:&"on n( $'#!"$"on o) &#"! #m+o##$. 3n (("&"on, mo!+ (m#$ :nno& *# !(#( "n &# *$#n:# o) )!'( o! *( )"& on &# !& o) &# :ommon :!!"#!, 'n+#$$ $$#n#! ("#$ NCC 176 176
•
3n :$# o) *!#: o) :on&!:& "n:+'("n on# o) &!n$o!&&"on !oo) o) *( )"& )"& o! )!'( )!'( (o+'$ (o+'$, , ".#., ".#., n&on n&on o! (#+"*# (#+"*#!& !+ #+ "n'!" "n'!"o'$ o'$ :on(':&, "$ #$$#n&"+ &o '$&") n !( o) mo!+ (m#$; n( T& *!#: o) :on&!:& :nno& *# :on$"(#!#( "n:+'(#( "n &# (#$:!" (#$:!"&" &"# # !m !m n+o n+oo' o'$ $ :$#$@ :$#$@ '$#( '$#( "n NCC 2219; 2219; no& on+ on+ *#:'$# *#:'$# NCC 222 $#:":++ $#:":++ !o"(#$ !o"(#$ )o! &# (m#$ (m#$ && !# :'$#( * :on&!:&'+ *!#:, *'& *#:'$# &# (#n"&"on o) F'$"(#+":& "n NCC 2176 o) &# Co(# #<!#$$+ #<:+'(#$ &# :$#$ #!# &#!# "$ !##<"$&"n :on&!:&'+ !#+&"on *#&##n &# !&"#$.@
•
R#$o R#$on(# n(#n& n& M"!n( M"!n( $ on# o) $$#n $$#n#! #!$ $ on ##n# ##n# (!"#n (!"#n * E'#n E'#n"o "o L', L', on#( on#( * #&"&" #&"&"on# on#!! o!# o!#$. $. ="+# ="+# &# #":+# #":+# $ (#$:#n("n &# S&. M#$ *!"(# & n #<:#$$"# ! o) $##(, &# (!"#! +o$& :on&!o+, :'$"n "& &o $#!# n( &o "& &# *!"(# ++. "# o) &# $$#n# $$#n#!$ !$ #!# "n'!#(, "n'!#(, "n:+'("n "n:+'("n &# !#$on(# !#$on(#n& n& o o $'>#!#( )!:&'!# o) &# '#! !"& 'm#!'$. T# (!"#! $ :!#( "& $#!"o'$ $":+ "n'!"#$ &!o' !#:?+#$$ "m!'( "m!'(#n: #n:#, #, n( n( 'on 'on "n! "n!o$" o$"n n +# +# o) '"+& '"+& $ $#nn $#nn:#( :#( ::o!("n+. M"!n( $ !(#( P 5? :&'+ (m#$ n( &&o!n#@$ )##$, n( P 1? mo!+ (m#$. o!#$ $$"+$ &# !( )o! (m#$ S# )'!&#! :onn($ && $# $o+( &# ## &o o
ISSUES & RATIO. 1. MAIN MAIN ISSUE: ISSUE: WON the award award of moral damage damages s is correct correct – NO, beca becas se e mora morall dama damage ges s are are !ot !ot reco reco"e "era rabl ble e i! acti actio! o!s s #redicated o! the breach of co!tract of carriage, i! the abse!ce of frad or bad faith o! the #art of the commo! carrier B :on&!$&"n :on&!$&"n &# !o"$"on$ !o"$"on$ o) NCC 2219 1 n( 222o2 "& "mm#("+ *#:om#$ !#n& &&%
1 NCC 2219. Mo!+ (m#$ m *# !#:o#!#( "n &# )o++o"n n( n+oo'$ :$#$%1 A :!"m"n+ o>#n$# !#$'+&"n "n $":+ "n'!"#$; 2 '$"-(#+":&$ :'$"n $":+ "n'!"#$; <<
2 NCC 222. ="++)'+ "n'! &o !o#!& m *# +#+ !o'n( )o! !("n mo!+ (m#$ ") &# :o'!& $o'+( n( &&, 'n(#! &# :"!:'m$&n:#$, $': (m#$ !# '$&+ ('#. $he same rle a##lies to breaches of co!tract where the defe!da!t acted fradle!tl% or i! bad faith .D
T# e&ce#tio! T# e&ce#tio! to the basic rle of damages no damages no 'n(#! :on$"(#!&"on "$ m"$ !#$'+&"n "n &# (#& o) $$#n#!, "n ": :$# NCC 17644 m?#$ &# :ommon :!!"#! #<!#$$+ $'*#:& &o &# !'+# o) NCC 2265, && #n&"&+#$ &# $o'$#, $o'$#, (#$:#n(n&$ (#$:#n(n&$ n( $:#n(n& $:#n(n&$ $ o) &# (#:#$#( $$#n#! &o (#mn( mo!+ (m#$ )o! m#n&+ n'"$ * !#$on o) &# (#& o) &# (#:#$#(. B'& &# #<:#&"on+ !'+# o) NCC 1764 m?#$ "& ++ &# mo!# #"(#n& && #!# &# "n'!#( $$#n#! (o#$ no& ("#, mo!+ (m#$ !# no& !#:o#!*+# 'n+#$$ "& "$ !o#( && &# :!!"#! $ '"+& o) m+":# o! *( )"&. T# m#!# :!#+#$$n#$$ o) &# (!"#! (o#$ no& #! $# :on$&"&' o! '$&") n "n)#!#n:# "n)#!#n:# o) m+":# o! *( )"& on &# !& !& o) &# :!!"#! No o&#! #"(#n:# o) m+":# on !& o) :ommon :!!"#! •
•
$he actio! for breach breach of co!trac co!tractt im#oses im#oses o! the defe!da!t defe!da!t carrier a #resm#tio! of liabilit% #o! mere #roof of i!'r% to the #asse!gerG #asse!gerG && +&! "$ !#+"##( )!om &# ('& &o #$&*+"$ &# )'+& o) &# :!!"#!, o! o) "$ #m+o##$, n( &# *'!(#n "$ +:#( on &# :!!"#! &o !o# && "& $ ('# &o n 'n)o!#$##n ##n& o! &o )o!:# m#'!# . Moreo"er, Moreo"er, the carrier, carrier, 'n+"?# "n $'"&$ )o! F'$"-(#+":&, ma% !ot esca#e liabilit% liabilit% b% #ro"i!g that it has e&ercised de dilige!ce dilige!ce i! the selectio! a!d s#er"isio! of its em#lo%ees SU()ISSUE: WON carrier*s "iolatio! of its e!gageme!t to safel% tra!s# tra!s#or ortt #asse #asse!g !ger ers s i!"ol i!"ol"e "es s a reac reach h of the #asse #asse!g !ger* er*s s co!+de!ce, a!d therefore shold be regarded as breach i! bad faith – NO. $he theor% is !te!able becase !der it, the carrier is alwa alwa%s %s deem deemed ed i! bad bad fait faith, h, a!d a!d it wol wold d !e"e !e"er r be acco!table for sim#le !eglige!ce
NCC 2176. =o##! * :& o! om"$$"on :'$#$ (m# &o no&#!, &#!# *#"n )'+& o! n#+"#n:#, "$ o*+"#( &o )o! &# (m# (on#. S': )'+& o! n#+"#n:#, ") &#!# "$ no !##<"$&"n :on&!:&'+ !#+&"on *#&##n &# !&"#$, "$ :++#( F'$"(#+":& n( "$ o#!n#( * &# !o"$"on$ o) &"$ C!.D C!.D
4 NCC 1764. m#$ "n :$#$ :om!"$#( "n &"$ S#:&"on $++ *# !(#( "n ::o!(n:# "& T"&+# HI333 o) &"$ Boo?, :on:#!n"n m#$. A!&":+# 226 $++ +$o + &o &# (#& o) $$#n#! :'$#( * &# *!#: o) :on&!:& * :ommon :!!"#!. 5 NCC 226. T# mo'n& o) (m#$ )o! (#& :'$#( * :!"m# o! F'$"-(#+":& $++ *# & +#$& &!## &o'$n( #$o$, ##n &o' &#!# m # *##n m"&"&"n :"!:'m$&n:#$. <<<
T# ("$&"n:&"on *#&##n )!'(, *( )"& o! m+":# "n &# $#n$# o) (#+"*#! o! n&on !on (o"n n( n#+"#n:# $ m#!# :!#+#$$n#$$ "$ &oo )'n(m#n&+ "n o'! + &o *# "no!#(. 3& "$ &!'# && n#+"#n:# m *# o::$"on++ $o !o$$ $ &o mo'n& &o m+":#, *'& && ):& m'$& *# $on "n #"(#n:#, n( :!!"#!$ *( )"& "$ no& &o *# +"&+ "n)#!!#( )!om m#!# n("n && &# :on&!:& $ *!#:#( &!o' n#+"#n:# o) &# :!!"#!$ #m+o##$. . O$-E ISSUE: WON a##ro"al of the /blic Ser"ice 0ommissio! is !ecessar% for the sale of a #blic ser"ice "ehicle e"e! withot
co!"e%i!g the athorit% to o#erate the same – ES, becase of /S2, Sec. 3. 3) &# &!n$)#! "$ no& !#"$!#(, "& "$ no& #>#:&"# n( *"n("n "n $o )! $ &# !#$on$"*"+"& o) &# !n# &o &# '*+": "$ :on:#!n#( DECISION.
CA (#:"$"on mo("#(. Mo!+ (m#$ (#+#(. B'& K!m#( "n ++ o&#! $#:&$.