INTRODUCTION TO ANTHROPOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS /
ANTHROPOLOGY Is the combina combinatio tion n of the the Greek Greek word word ´anthr ´anthrope opeµµ which which means means man and the the ´logyµ meaning science. Hence, anthropology is the science of man. Accor Accordin ding g to the the Americ American an colle college ge dictionary is defined as the science of man that treats of the origin of man, development(physical, intellectual, moral etc,) of man.
ANTHROPOLOGY Jacob Jacob stern stern also also defi define ned d anthr anthropo opology logy as the scientific study of the physical, social, and cultural development and behavior of human beings since their appearance on earth.
MAN is con consi side dere red d as as the the high highe est fo form rm of animals.
DIFFERENCES OF MAN TO THE LOWEST FORM OF ANIMALS
BIOLOGICAL Man walks walks erec erectt on two feet. feet. Othe Others rs walks on four feet and their bodies are horizontal towards the ground. Man Man has has two two fre free e han hands ds use used d for for handling things. Man Man has has a more more co comp mple lexx brain brain than than animals.
BEHAVIORALLY Man Man is is a rati ration onal al bein being. g. Man Man has has s comp comple lexx tec techn hniq ique ue of of producing, procuring, and preparing foods. Man Man has has a soc social ial,, edu educat cation ional, al, economic, and governmental organizations. Man Man com commu muni nica cate tess by mean meanss of complex language, oral or written.
DIVISIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY This This deal dealss with with the study study of of man man as as a product of evolution. It is concerned with man·s bodily structures and studies and analyzes human population.
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY It deals deals wi with th the the stud study y of man·s man·s behavior and his habits, practices, beliefs, etc.
SUBDIVISIONS OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
ARCHEOLOGY This This deal dealss with with the study study of of ancie ancient nt cultures, based on documents, paintings, stones, carvings, etc. It is is the study study of the antiqu antiquity ity throug through h excavation and description of remains. Through digging fossils remains, age of man has been established
ETHNOLOGY This This the the stu study dy of of subd subdiv ivisi ision onss of mankind, their origins, practices, relations, institutions, etc. The fiv five e race racess of mankind mankind are white, white, black, red, yellow
LINGUISTICS This This conc concern ern man·s man·s lang languag uage e and his manner of communication. It is is narrow narrowly ly def define ined d as the the scie scienti ntific fic approach to the study of language, but language can be approached from a variety of directions, and a number of other intellectual discipline are relevant to it and influence its study.
ERAS ESTABLISHED BY ARCHAEOLOGY
ARCHAEOZOIC PERIOD This This the the per period iod when when primit primitive ive forms forms of life appeared The time time from from 3, 800 800 milli million on to 2, 2, 500 500 million years ago; earth's crust formed; unicellular organism are the earliest form of life. The archae archaeozoi ozoicc per period iod was the the first first geological period. It was by the absence of animal life and extensive volcanic activity.
PROTOZOIC PERIOD The The per period iod when when earl early y li life fe form form increased. It beg began an 2.5 2.5 milli million on yea years rs ago ago ende ended d 543 million. First First abund abundan antt fo fossi ssils ls of liv livin ing g organisms, mostly bacteria and Achaeans, and eukaryotic cells appeared.
PALEOZOIC PERIOD 543 543 to to 248 248 mill million ion years years ago. ago. The period period when when fish, fish, amphibia amphibians, ns, and other marine form appeared.
MESOZOIC PERIOD The The peri period od whe when n huge huge rept reptile iless predominantly. This was also called the age of reptiles, 230 to 65 million years ago. ´Mes ´Mesoz ozoic oicµµ mean meanss middl middle e animal animalss deriving from the Greek prefix ´mesoµ meaning ´betweenµ
CENOZOIC PERIOD The The peri period od whe when n more more advan advance ced d forms of animals appeared, commence 65 million years ago. It has been been the the a long-te long-term rm cool cooling ing..
TWO DIVISIONS OF THE CENOZOIC ERA
THE TERTIARY PERIOD This This is is the the age age of mammals, mammals, 62 mill million ion years ago.
DIVISIONS OF THE TERTIARY MAMMALS
they are as follows: Pale Paleoc ocen ene, e, 11 mill millio ion n yea years rs ago; ago; Eoce Eocene ne epo epoch ch,, 16 mil millilion on yea years rs ago; ago; Olig Oligoc ocen ene e epo epoch ch,, 12 mil millilion on yea years rs ago; Mioce iocene ne epoc epoch, h, 14 mil millilion on yea years rs ago; Plioc Pliocene ene epoch, epoch, 9 mil millio lion n year years s ago. ago.
QUATERNARY PERIOD This This was was the the age age when when the the mod moder ern n form of man appeared, 2.5 million years ago.
DIVISIONS OF QUATERNARY PERIOD
PLEISTOCENE PERIOD This This calle called d the the Ice Age Age when when first first man man appeared, 2,5 million years ago.
HOLOCENE PERIOD This This is call called ed the the Sto Stone ne Age Age whe when n tools implements, houses were made of stones. And it is called the recent years 10,000 years ago
HOMINID (MAN) The The ear earlilies estt homi homini nid d (man (man)) reli relic c is dopithece ecence nce jawbon jawbone e an Australian dopith with two molars, two inches in lengh found near Lake Baringo, Kenya in february february 1984 and dated of million million years associated in fossils, and 5.55.4 million years through rocks corr correl elti tion on ny pota potass ssiu ium m argo argon n dating.
USES OF ANTHROPOLOGY It helps helps hist historic orical al facts facts and and even events. ts. Through archaeology, many historical facts in ancient past have been established. It gives gives as as knowl knowled edge ge of the the divers diverse e culture. Through ethnology, we study the races of mankind and their subcultures and their different subcultures.
USES OF ANTHROPOLOGY It giv gives es us us an appre appreci ciat ation ion of the the different cultures of the world and this promote s understanding , friendship, and peace among the different cultures of the world It gives gives us a pictur picture e of of the the cu curre rrent nt condition in the different countries of the world. Deplorable conditions in the different nation man inspire or move some affluent nation to give military,
USES OF ANTHROPOLOGY Continuation««
Econ Economi omic, c, tec techn hnic ical, al, or or medi medica cal l assistance to nation which are far behind in these aspects of national life.
SUBMITTED BY: Arturito C. Tom Tomine iness Ab-en Ab-engli glish4 sh4 student
SUBMITTED TO: Mrs. Genalyn Capelo instructor