Page 1 of 30 Knitwear Technology Technology (Fully fashion) Knitting : Knitting is a inter locking / inter looping / inter matching of loops which form a structure is calle Knitting! Weaving: wea"ing is a interlacement of two sets of yarn at right angles which form a structure is calle wea"ing! Loop: #aning form of yarn is calle loop!
$pparel
%o"en %o"en
Knitwear Knitwea r
&ut ' sew Tu#ular ight Fine gauge
Fully fashion course gauge hea"y sweater
&lassification of knitte structure: Knitte structure %eft %eft knitte structure &ircular knitting *mall ia m/c
Flat #e knitting
arge ia m/c
%arp %arp knitte structure Tricot
aschel
+an ri"en Power ri"en , -ri"e manually , -ri"en in power .n proucts: .n prouct: , limite esign , unlimite/fancy *ocks T,shirt can prouce esign can prouce , ulti non apparel seam polo shirt , low "olume , +igh "olume can prouce! prouction prouction , osuito net! ,Fa#ric for clothing , ntegrate gmts , ntegrate garments , esh fa#ric! , *ingle 2ersey not possi#le possi#le , Power net! , i# knitte structure , Fish net , -ou#le ersey .n proucts: sweater4 fully fashione , aces etc! , acoste / piue knitwear4 carigan4 poll o"er etc -escri#e the "arious structures:
Page 5 of 30 Warp knitted structure : lengthwise (warp wise) irection of loops is calle warp knitte structure! Mesh fabric : supporting fa#ric4 look like a mosuito net use in short garments! Power net: use in +aack lamp!
Weft knitted structure : withwise (weft wise) irection of loops is calle weft knitte structure!
%ales Wales: "ertical columns of loop are calle %ales Course: hori6ontal raw of loop is calle course!
Types Ty pes of knitting m/c:! why it is calle Circular knitting m/c : 7eeles are arrange in circular way that8s why circular knitting m/c! t has two neele #es! #e s! 9ne is cyliner ("ertical neeles) $nother is ial (hori6ontal neeles) Two types of ia Dia: maimum circle istance in a circle is calle ia! Two small ia (for socks) large ia (cutting fa#ric ; lacoste/piue) Gauge: t means thickness! no! of gauge Fine gauge : T,shirt T,shirt (5
Higher the gauge finer the knit, lower the gauge courser the knit !
why it is calle flat #e lat bed Knitting m/c : 7eeles are arrange in flat way that8s why knitting m/c! t has two neele #es! #e s! ,Technical front (T!F) , Technical #ack ( T!>) T!>) It is also called Jacquard m/c! !ntegrated garments : without any stitch or linking in garments! without any oin4 seamless garments!
Page 5 of 30 Warp knitted structure : lengthwise (warp wise) irection of loops is calle warp knitte structure! Mesh fabric : supporting fa#ric4 look like a mosuito net use in short garments! Power net: use in +aack lamp!
Weft knitted structure : withwise (weft wise) irection of loops is calle weft knitte structure!
%ales Wales: "ertical columns of loop are calle %ales Course: hori6ontal raw of loop is calle course!
Types Ty pes of knitting m/c:! why it is calle Circular knitting m/c : 7eeles are arrange in circular way that8s why circular knitting m/c! t has two neele #es! #e s! 9ne is cyliner ("ertical neeles) $nother is ial (hori6ontal neeles) Two types of ia Dia: maimum circle istance in a circle is calle ia! Two small ia (for socks) large ia (cutting fa#ric ; lacoste/piue) Gauge: t means thickness! no! of gauge Fine gauge : T,shirt T,shirt (5
Higher the gauge finer the knit, lower the gauge courser the knit !
why it is calle flat #e lat bed Knitting m/c : 7eeles are arrange in flat way that8s why knitting m/c! t has two neele #es! #e s! ,Technical front (T!F) , Technical #ack ( T!>) T!>) It is also called Jacquard m/c! !ntegrated garments : without any stitch or linking in garments! without any oin4 seamless garments!
Page 3 of 30 "hem seiki : *hem seiki is first proucer of whole garments in 2apan! &ompany name is also known as #ran! ,aies shirt is known as laies #lows! , +ea"y knitwear means sweater!
Wh# it is called full# fashion ? ull# fashion : Fully fashion is a metho / techniue of shaping a knitte structure #y increasing or ecreasing the num#er of o f neeles or wales! n the fully fashion there is no fa#ric formats! 2ust it is mae # y increasing or ecreasing the shape of en prouct4 increasing or ecreasing of neeles!
$"antages of fully fashion: , , ,
we can can pro prouc ucee 6ero( 6ero(le less ss)) wast wastag agee garme garment nts! s! ess m maanpower! we can prouc proucee ual uality ity garment garments/s s/seale eale garm garment ents! s!
-isa"antage:
$e%tile $e %tile fiber : anything that can #e garments/originate from fi#er!
n narrow sense: Tetile Tetile means ; fi#er to fa#ric prouction! ie fi#er
yarn
n greater sense: fi#er clothing Fi#ers are chemical/natural structure that can #e spun into yarn! >asic reuirements for fi#ers:
&ased on sourcing :
Tetile fi#er
7atural $nimal (wool) Plant/"egeta#le (cotton)
&hemical mae $crylic $crylic
iber : any types of su#stance #ut the length an thickness ratio is "ery high!
fa#ric
Page < of 30
Thickness an length ratio
1:@004 1:1000 etc
aor properties of fi#er: 1! , , , 5!
echanical properties: $#rasion resistance Flei#ility *tiffness! $#sorption properties: this is a measure of uality of water "apors4 liui water etc! ie water a#sorption! %ater/oil release! 3! Thermal properties: The #eha"ior of tetile in the presence of heat or when epose to a flame! , +eat resistance capacity! , *often an melting!
iber identification test :
1! >urning test: %ool Flamma#ility >urning smell
5! &hemical test:
$crylic
7ot flamma#le
highly flamma#le
hair #urning smell
petrol #urning smell
(,) alkalies (A) acis poor resistance in alkalis goo resistance in acis
3! icroscopic test:
(A) alkalies (A) acis
&otton flamma#le paper #urning smell
(A) alkalies (,) acis
Page = of 30
&ased on length :
Fi#er *taple
Filament
*hort &otton (1!5B ; C!3< cm)
ong %ool (3!@ cm)
$crylic (5000 mtr)
$e%tile #arn : 'arn: twiste form of fi#ers is calle yarn! ("$M: American society of textile materials!
$*T efinition of yarn: $ generic term for a continuous strength of tetile fi#re is calle yarn!
Classification of te%tile #arn :
Tetile yarn
*pan *imple
Filament comple/ fancy/ "o"elty ono
*ingle
ulti
Plie &ors
ca#les
Flat
Twiste
Page C of 30 Disual properties: ,ono , ulti , *taple , Two ply yarn , ulti ply yarn , &or , &a#le
"pan #arn : Twisting together of staple fi#er! "ingle #arn : consists of ust one stan of fi#re! Plied #arn : are art forme #y twisting together two or more single! Cords: are mae #y plying / twisting together #y plie yarn! Cables : are prouce #y plying cors! Comple%/ fanc#: This has special effect on! "lub #arn : contains partially #ulky / fluffy! Loop #arn: this yarn reuires a #ase yarn (core yarn) aroun which fancy or effect yarn is warpe! Wool #arn:
*heep (fleece of sheep)
ower part
upper part
Darious le"els: Pure wool: 100E wool Dirgin wool: raw wool >lene wool: B0E wool ' 30E acrylic
&asic properties of wool :
, , , , ,
t is hea"y ue to #ulky fi#er -ull in appearance *trength is "ery poor Poor resistance in sunlight an heat! &ool an low steam use
Page B of 30 , , ,
nsects from poor resistance eact in alkalis *hrinkage!
)nd use: Fully fashion4 shut! (cr#lic: $crylic is known as acrylonitrile which we get from acetylene of ethylene! $crylic is also known as cheaper su#stitute of wool!
&asic properties of (cr#lic :
, , , , , ,
ight shining oo strength &omparati"ely low worm 7ot react in sunlight! First look #right #ut secon it creates #o#lin! .specially in hea"y weight!
Cotton :
10 g4 15 g ,,,,,, >uyer prefer &otton yarn ,,,,,,,summer or spring ,,,,,,,Fashion ' euirements >asic properties of cotton: , , , ,
*mooth an fine &ool feeling *trength meium to high nsect on8t like!
-isa"antages: , ow resistance
.n use: Knit4 wo"en4 fully fashion4 inner an outer garments!
Page @ of 30
Garn use in fully fashion: >asic yarn ,100E cotton ,ie cotton ,100E wool ,>lene wool ,100E acrylic ,$crylic mHlange
Fancy Farm ,chenille,,,,7ot wash , &ashmere ,$ngorn , loop Garn / Popcorn , Tape yarn , 7ep yarn! , ohasre
&henille: cotton &henille , lurc chenille ,,, , Feather chenille ,,,,, , ain#ow chenille,,,, , *pace ye ,,,,,,,, Fae
$crylic chenille
&ashmere kvj 100E acrylic a#it ,,,,,,,,,,, $ngorn ,,,,,, 7eps ,,,,,,,, >o#lin
%o"en garments: Fa#ric
Fully Faison ; .pensi"e #ut profita#le also
&utting *ewing ,,, washing Pressing
Finishing
Page I of 30 Prouction flowchart of fully fashion knit wear : yarn recei"e from tetile Garn inspection (anom #asis)
%ining
Garn cone istri#ution to the knitting operator Knitting section Knitting inspection , n process ' , .n process! inking section inking inspection ,n process ' ,.n process inking continue / trimming section ening %ashing hyro etracting an rying
, , ,
Processing
Finishing
1! la#eling 7ame 1 *i6e ,5 &are 5etc 5! >utton hole >utton &utting 3! +ang tog pricing attaching
Page 10 of 30
&one &otton nspection ,, &olor an weight a# eep &olor reuirement epen on #uyer < panels = panels ,,,,,&arigan! %eight Prouction 1! Garn uantity a! aterial uantity #! Type of gage
erchanising
aterial: , 1! *trong yarn /oo strength 5! ess strength! (&henille) age: 7ormal gage ;3g4 =g4 Bg ; (1C41#s A
Fully fashion m/c , ess manpower , Juantity ,-esign low Knitting process is epen on esign chart ; +eart of the sweater prouction operator coul not iea a#out actual esign chart !*o they coul not say how to esign it! They learn if with eperience not scientific way! B gage: , B neeles eist in per inch! Fa#ric fault in fully fashion: , 1! +ole 5! aering 3! Ply mistake ,,, yarn #roken!
Page 11 of 30
Trem#le rying m/c! >oiler ,,,,, *team iron! -ifferent types of stitches / -esign use in fully fashion >asic category: , 1! 2ersey stitch Fancy category 5! i# stitch ,, shaker / +alf carigan stitch! 3! -ou#le ersey ,,, Full carigan stitch &a#les:, ,,ilano stitch 1! 7ormal ,, Tuck stitch 5! Fancy ,,printal stitch 3! >utterfly ,, ig6ag stitch ,, -rop knit stitch ! -iamon:, 1! 7ormal 5! Fancy *titch ; $n intermeshe loop!
-escri#es ifferent types of stitches / -esign ,,,,,, 2ersey / *ingle ersey/single knit / plain knit / #asic knit etc! This is "ery #asic knitting construction !t8s a single #ee structure !The neele iagram of ersey is ,,,,,,,,,,,, The stitch iagram is ,,,,,, t can prouce #oth in flat #e < circular #e m/c, Properties of 2ersey stitch:, $ppearance: , n single 2ersey #oth sie are ifferent in appearance! 9ut look:, T/: D *hape stitch /ersey stitch! T/>: *emi circle stitch /$re stitch!
,
.ge curling : it curls T/> to t/> T/> to T/> in with wise ength wise wilts wise *trength: , Tightness an looseness acti"ity! Garn tension ; T/F to T/> G curl ,Ln#alance fa#ric #ecause #ack sie no neele! &arling ; so worker take time to linking an proucing etra time!
*ow to reduce the curl# :,
Page 15 of 30 1! $fter knitting an #efore sewing /linking #y using parching! (ight knit circular knit swach) 5! Lse foler /attachment 3! Lse stanar m/c -imensional sta#ility: , >ecause of single ersey imensional sta#ility in poor! *!2 garments o not washa#le! *ow to reduce the dimensional stabilit#+ 1! To increase loop ensity 5! $pply resin finish chemical resin use properties shaf t , *oft ness , .sta#ility / elasticity!
.lasticity:,ength an with wise elasticity is same #ecause course an wales wise loop length almost same! Lnra"ele: we can unroalle this structure in #oth sie! +ow laering efect create ; 1! 7eele hea #roken! 5! oose tension! 3! Knot in the yarn!
,ib knitted structure :, The wor ri# eri"es from animal ri#! This is a ou#le #ee structure! The neeles heas are not facing irectly each other! There are "arious types of ri# knitte structure! >ut "ery common structure is 11 ' 55 ri#M a#o"e334 << etc are known as fancy ri#! >ut CC ri# is known as specially -er#y ri#! The neele iagram of 11 ri#s an stitches iagram of 11 The neele #e of 55 an stitch is can prouce #oth flat #e an circular #e knitting m/c! (ppearance- . *ame in appearance! .semi circle loop can #e o#ser"e #etween in " shape! )dge curling- i# structure oes not curl at the ege! ts #alance structure! Dimensional stabilit#- ,-imensional sta#ility is goo! )lasticit#- ,with wise irection is high than that of length wise!
%hy with wise elasticity high? ,*emi circle with is high4 so with wise elasticity high! Lnra"ele from close it only!
Page 13 of 30 -ensity: , -ensity is high in temperature in single ersey! .n use : , waist #an4 collar4 cuff or total sweater! we can use #y ri# fa#ric! +igh ri# ; uner garments4 #ecause elasticity an comfort a#ility! *imilarities #etween the single ersey an ri# *tructure! 1! we can prouce the *ingle 2ersey an i# fa#ric in similar flat #e an circular #e knitting m/c! 5! >oth types fa#rics are knitte structure! 3! >oth fa#rics are men a#le!
-ou#le ersey / nterlock/ -ou#le face fa#ric: f the plain stitches are one #ee4 the other fa#ric structure is known as ou#le ersey / interlock! t8s ou#le #ee fa#ric4 can prouce #oth in flat #e ' circular #e knitting m/c! The neele iagram of ou#le ersey is ,,,,,,an the stitch iagram is ,,,,,,
t is calle tight knitte! Theoretically neele heas are ke pt face to face #ut practically neele heas are not face to face! t stay little #it in angle!
Properties an appearance! 1. >oth sie similar! 2. Curl: -ou#le ersey oes not curl #ecause it "ery tight knitte fa#ric! . !imensional sta"ility good.. #. $nra%eled & 'ame as ri". (. )lasticity & *oor +. !efecting& It laddering occurs. e can-t mending like ri" ersey. 0. !ensity & !ensity high "ecause "oth side needles are acti%e. hickness elasticity consider while identifying dou"le ersey.
Page 1< of 30 End use:
'weater
ents ladies wear
3ight knit. '4orts wear 5 suet a"sor"ency high, dimensional sta"ility high 6 3adies shirt.
'imilarities "etween !/ and ri" &
7asic knit
7oth can made in flat "ed circular "ed m/c.
7oth fa"rics "oth side a44earance same
!oes not use.
!imensional sta"ility good.
$nra%eled& 7oth are same.
!ifference "etween !/ 8i" 1. 9eedle diagram : 2. 'titch diagram ; . elasticity ;
%ery 4oor
high 5width wind6
#. density
High
(. eight +. =ending
high
low 9ot mend a"le
mend a"le
Page 1= of 30 Notation for knitted structure :
The sym#ol which represent ifferent types of loops are calle notations! There are two types of sym#ols! %e use to ientify ifferent structure like
nicate technical face (") loop
nicate technical #ack loop!
*o for single ersey ,
mpotency : 1! anguage "ariation a"oie 5! -ifferent name confliction a"oiance! 3! oop rawing is ifficult an time consuming to a"oi this pro#lem
Process #reak own (operation #reak own) of a fully fashion knitwear:
*tep #y skip (#oy panel)
*elect ' setting neeles for #ottom ri# !
Page 1C of 30 >y neele selection for slee"e panel:
Prepare ri# height >y going coursers
oop transfer from
for sale
for raglan
for straight
>ack neele #e to
slee"e
*lee"e
*lee"e
Front neele #e f the #oy is in search
For ersey setting #y loop transfer com#
For 1 *tep #y step ( slee"e panel *elect an setting for cuff ri# #y neele selector! Prepare ri# height #y gi"ing courses! inking (/sie)
Knit up to am hole start point
Pre pare arm hole #y ecreasing or -ecreasing or increasing #oth processes! $lso prepare #ack rip an reache up to 7eckline shouler line!
ight shouler oining left shouler oining $ttach color ri# ink ski"e to #oy panel *ie seam linking .n of operation
Page 1B of 30 entification of ifferent types of fancy stitches/esign 1! *haker/+alf carigan stitch: a! 7ormal construction 1N1 ri#4 ou#le #ee structure! T/F ' T/> #! T/F,looks #ulky/Fluffy D loop c! T/>,looks tight D loop as chain stitch 5! Full carigan stitch : 7ormal construction 1N1 ou#le #ee #oth sie same! >oth sie raise D shape like4 #ut 6ig6ag! 3! ilano stitch: 7ormal construction ou#le ersey ie4 full neeles from #oth sie neele #e! T/F ' T/> not same!
T/F ; looks oint D stitch like after stitch
T/> looks chain or tight D shape!
Page 1@ of 30 Tuck stitch : 7ormal construction 1N1! coul #e single tuck or ou#le tuck appearance! ooks like single sie honey com# #oth sie honey com#!
&a#les: There are three types of ca#les ; 7ormal
Fancy
>utterfly
&a#les normally ersey!
-iamon: 7ormal
-ou#le 7eele
Pointe stitch : &oul #e any construction!
Fancy
half iamon
Page 1I of 30 Knit wear ( Fully fashion ) stitch analysis ;
*tyle: ni"iual properties ; *omething own! Fashion: o"erall ;elate common ;geography 4 culture4 age4 se4 "alues4 it coul #e "arie!
%hat are the o#ecti"e of style analysis ; 1! ."aluate merchanise classification! 5! Plan fashioning ( esign chart/ pattern chart) 3! &alculating / setting comparati"e costing an pricing!
f a merchaniser fiercest the style/ fashion then he/she kept to iea a#out the western culture on western recent style/fashion!
%hy we select the ifferent fashion?
Page 50 of 30 -esign &hart:
t is a heart of the fully fashion an "ery epensi"e factor!
*weater style ( #ase on some ) factors: ike 1! >oy style/shape 5! *houler style ( $rm hole style) 3! &ollar style/ neck style!
O>oy style/ shape: Fitte waist mans only
*traight #ottom for unise
$ line shape for laies only
&arigan for unise
*houler style
aglan
*ale
*teen
rape
*houler
shouler
*houler
shouler
*traight *houler
Page 51 of 30 *lee"e style :
*lee"e less
cap slee"e
short slee"e
3/r slee"e
For #oth
for laies
for #oth
for laies
ong slee"e For #oth
&ollar style :
ake neck it
sailor neck
&an8t for
truer
#oat knack
oun 7eck
D 7eck
polo neck
+oo 7eck
+igh neck
rae neck
Turtle neck
D inset neck
oun neck %ith roll ege
Page 55 of 30 Pocket style : Plain pocket
eal flap
heagon
roun
*uare
#lin
#ellow
Pocket
pocket
pocket
pocket
pocket
Fake flap
fake lip
welte
in"erte
>o
Pocket
pocket
pocket
pocket
pocket Pocket
*tyle escription : Lnise pullo"er (straight #ottom)4 mock neck4 straight shouler4 long slee"e an single line iamon center front4 #ack ' slee"e ersey!
Fashioning (-esign chart/pattern chart) calculation for fully fashion knitwear
Page 53 of 30
%hat is esign: -esign is a creati"e ineer to sol"e a pro#lem! %hat is esign chart: -esign chart for a garment is a "isual written instruction -esign chart prouce in two methos: a) 9ut line metho #) raphical metho %hat is the #asic reuirement to calculation esign chart? a) #) c) • • • • •
*i6e specification (easurement) age type %eight of the garments Pattern: *hape create #y increasing or ecreasing si6e that is calle pattern! $rt: $rt is the #lue print of the esign! -esign: $ctual shape of the thing! *watch: *mall part of the fa#ric! Tension: Tight are looseness of the yarn is calle tension!
>uyer8s reuire weight accoringly tension setup! >ut in se"en g age m/c @ or C neele coming for tension! *o tension selection in important #ecause it is relate to uality! *watch ientification:
*%,5
*%,1
.cremental swatch wash ry pressing keep 5< hours rest 5< hours actual mesurment yarn effect colour fastness4 responsi#ility etc! ea counter swatch compare!
<
1C Q <
<,,,,,,,,,15 <
Q
< %P
3 &P
%e can create esign chart accoring to the measurement! &alculate the fashioning seuence for the following knitte panel:
Page 5< of 30 >ack panel/Pant *ay B Tension %P Q 3 &P Q< $,$1 Q 10 >,>1 Q 50 &,&1/-,-1 Q 50 $,> >,& &,-
Q 10 Q 15 Q 5
For i# fa#ric %ater / 7eele &ourse
350 Q C0 <5 Q 0@
>oy Position 7eele &ourse
350 <15
Q C0 Q <@
aglan slee"e 7eele &ourse
310 <10
Q 30 Q <0
&alculate -ecreasing neele C0 30 30/5
1= one sie ecrease
7o of count 7o of B neele
aglan slee"e panel:
<0 1=/<0/5 (,1) Q (1=,10) 30 = 10
Page 5= of 30
*ay tension %P &P
Q3 Q<
&uff ri# 7eele &ourse
31< <1C
Q <5 Q C<
%eling: 7eele &ourse
31@ <1C
Q =< Q C<
$ >
10A1 Q 5 11A15 Q <
3C <15
Q 1@ Q <@
$ >
5,1 3,1
7arrowing: 7eele &ourse
Front panel /Part *ay tension: %P &P
Q3 Q<
For #ottom ri# 7eele 31< &ourse <5
Q <5 Q@
%iening: 7eele &ourse
Q C0 Q B5
$!
350 <1@
@A1 Q I
*traight:
QC Q 15
Page 5C of 30
7eele &ourse
350 <5
Q C0 Q@
$ >
5,1 3,1
3@ <1C
Q 5< Q C<
QC Q 15
7arrowing: 7eele &ourse a! #!
3,1 Q @ <,1 Q 10
&alculation of fashioning for the following knitte panel: *ay tension %P Q 1@ &P Q 50 >ottom ri# 7eele Q &ourse Q
1@I 505
Q 1C5 Q <0
%iening: 7eele Q &ourse Q a! #!
1@1I Q 3<5 501C Q 350
3A1 Q <0 <,1 Q =0
*traight: 7eele Q &ourse Q
1@1I Q 3<5 505 Q <0
Font panel / part *ay tension %P &P
Q Q
@ 10
Page 5B of 30 For #ottom ri#,1 7eele Q &ourse Q
@1< 105
Q 115 50
%iening 7eele Q &ourse Q a! #!
CA1 Q @ B,1 Q 1C
7arrowing 7eele Q &ourse Q a! #!
@50 Q 1C0 101C Q 100
@< Q 35 1010 Q 100
&alculating yarn consumption for fully fashion knitwear %hat is consumption? n the garments trae4 consumption means uantity of raw materials with a "iew to etermine the price of a garment! n orer to calculate the a#o"e uantity how much fa#ric4 raw materials4 sewing threa4 accessories are reuire to prouce a garments up to the eporting is calle consumption! %hat is the unit of consumption:
l#/o6
%hat are the reuirements of calculation consumption? ,aterial uantity ,Type of gage ,>usiness type of factory / #uying house ,%eight of garments Two types of yarn a) oo Garn #) Poor Garn!
What t#pes of bu#ing house e%ist ?
Page 5@ of 30
There are three types: $) -irect orer >) iago office &) &orporate office: factory eist Types of gage a) 7ormal gage: 3g4 =g4 Bg #) Finer gage: 10g4 15g arments weight : %eight 1C l#s/o6
A
Factory %astage CE @E #uying house
age (10/15)g
chaining
%hy #uying house select wastage @E
&alculating pricing / costing for fully fashion knitwear: %hat is the o#ecti"e of costing? >asic reuirement to calculating pricing Lnerstaning, *tyling -esigning Type of gage Prouction / eli"ery time (*eason) Payment moe >asic types of #uying house/factory! • • • •
*eason calculation $#pe of gage 3g4 =g4 Bg 10g4 15g
Pricing :
Pick arch,$ugust *eptem#er4 Fe#ruary4 arch $ugust
ff Pick *eptem#er
Page 5I of 30
&osting A Profit Q correct selling price -irect A inirect cost inclue ; calculation actual &
&! range #ase on gage Type of gage 3g =g Bg (10/15)g
R R R R
*tyling charge: For *hale or aglan shouler *et, in or rop shouler *traight shouler
9ff pick 1B/-6 1@/-6 1I/-6 55/-6
: R 0!=0/6 : R 0!5=/6 : 7o charging aitional!
-esigning charge: For , -iamon 7ormal -iamon Fancy iamon
, ,
R R
1!00/line/6 1!=0/line/6
R R R
0!5=/line/6 0!=0/line/6 1!00/line/6
For,&a#le 7ormal ca#le , Fancy ca#le , >utterfly ca#le ,
R R R R
Pick 1I/-6 50/-6 51/-6 5-6