Gas Turbine Power Plant APURADO, JJB. CASARENO, RBO. FERRER, WD.
Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Define Defi ne ga gass tu turb rbin ine e po powe werr pl plan ant. t. (CO1) Discuss the classifications of gas turbine power plants. (CO1, CO2, CO3) Identify the advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine power plant. (CO2) Expl Ex plai ain n th the e pe perf rfor orma manc nce e of ga gass tu turb rbin ine e po powe werr pl plan ant. t. (C (CO2, O2, CO CO3) 3) Name Na me th the e co comp mpon onen ents ts of th the e gas tu turb rbin ine e po powe werr pl plan antt (CO4,CO5) Identify the basic function of the components of the gas turbine power plant (CO4,CO5) 7. Id Iden enti tify fy ga gass tu turb rbin ine e fu fuel elss an and d ma mate teri rial alss us used ed in po powe werr pl plan ants ts.. (CO4) 8. De Defin fine e bas basic ic te termi rmino nolog logies ies in invol volvin ving g ga gass tur turbin bine e pow power er pla plant nt.. (CO2) 9. Identify existing gas turbine power plant in the Philippines and in other countries. (CO6) 10.C 10. Com omp par are e exi xissti ting ng gas tu turb rbin ine e power pla lan nt in th the e Phil iliipp ppiine ness and in oth ther er cou oun ntr trie ies. s. (CO6)
Gas Turbine History Invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle Patented in 1934 First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942 on Me262 by Germans during second world war Currently most of the aircrafts and ships use GT engines Used for power generation Manufacturers: General Electric, Pratt &Whitney, SNECMA, Rolls Royce, Honeywell, Siemens Westinghouse, Alstom
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Differences between gasoline and diesel engines Differences in explosion process Gasoline engine Intake stroke fuel is mixed with air Compression stroke piston goes up, mixture of fuel and air is compressed Ignition stroke fuel/air is ignited through the use of a spark plug Exhaust stroke piston goes up, pushes exhaust through the exhaust valve –
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Diesel engine Intake stroke intake valve opens, air in, piston goes down Compression stroke piston goes up, air compressed (heated in excess of 540°C) Combustion stroke fuel is injected (right time), ignition, piston goes down Exhaust piston goes up, pushes exhaust through the exhaust valve –
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Differences between gasoline and diesel engines
Working Principle Intake Slow down incoming air Remove distortions ◦
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Compress Dynamically compresses air with fuel to higher temperatures ◦
Combust Heat addition through chemical reaction or by igniting air-fuel blend Combustion produces mechanical energy ◦
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Exhaust Expel waste ◦
Basic Components Compressor Combustor Turbine/Piston
Compressor The compressor sucks in air form the atmosphere and compresses it to pressures in the range of 15 to 20 bar. The compressor consists of a number of rows of blades mounted on a shaft. This is something like a series of fans placed one after the other.
Combustor This is an annular chamber where the fuel burns and is similar to the furnace in a boiler. The air from the compressor is the Combustion air. Burners arranged circumferentially on the annular chamber control the fuel entry to the chamber. The hot gases in the range of 1400 to 1500 °C leave the chamber with high energy levels. The chamber and the subsequent sections are made of special alloys and designs that can withstand this high temperature.
Turbine The turbine does the main work of energy conversion. The turbine portion also consists of rows of blades fixed to the shaft. Stationary guide vanes direct the gases to the next set of blades. The kinetic energy of the hot gases impacting on the blades rotates the blades and the shaft. The blades and vanes are made of special alloys and designs that can withstand the very high temperature gas. The exhaust gases then exit to exhaust system through the diffuser. The gas temperature leaving the Turbine is in the range of 500 to 550 °C.
Classification of Turbine Impulse Turbine Reaction Turbine
Impulse Turbine
Gas Turbine
Classification of Internal Combustion Turbine (air intake) Open Cycle Closed Cycle
Open Cycle Gas Turbine
Closed Cycle Gas Turbine
Classification of Internal Combustion Power Plants Simple Cycle Combined Cycle
Simple Cycle
Combined Cycle
Advantages can be started up and run at full capacity around 15 minutes, making them well suited as backup plants for utility companies that require additional electricity immediately (peak loads) since they are smaller in construction than coal or nuclear plants, gas power plants can be built faster and at a lower initial cost requires much less water than steam power plants lower emission levels easily converted into combined cycle power plants, which are much more efficient uses a wide variety of fuels such as kerosene, paraffin, benzene, natural gas and powdered coal that are cheaper than gasoline and diesel running speed of the turbine (40,000 to 100,000 rpm) is considerably large compared with diesel engine (1000 to 2000 rpm) maintenance cost is small
Disadvantages requires an external source to operate the compressor during startup power needed to drive the compressor (66% of total developed work) reduces the net outputs, consuming more fuel to do the same amount of work operating temperature in gas turbines is higher than in other power plant systems and can shorten the lifespan of some of the system components, thus requiring special metals and alloys for different components tend to use more fuel when they are idling prefers a constant rather than a fluctuating load
Applications Aircrafts Automobiles Train Ships Power Plants
CO2 Emission Comparison
Theoretical Efficiency of Power Plants Source
Coal Gas Combined Cycle Gas Diesel Nuclear Hydroelectric Geothermal Wind Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal Biomass
Notional Efficiency (%) 39% - 47% up to 39% up to 58% 35% - 42% 33% - 36% 90% - 95% up to 15% up to 35% up to 15% up to 21%
30% - 40%
Gas Turbine Power Plant in the Philippines The $500 million San Lorenzo CCGT facility is now generating 500MW electrical power. It is located in Batangas City, along the Batangas Bay, around 100km from the Philippine capital Manila.
Gas Turbine Power Plant Being Developed in the Philippines The San Gabriel combined-cycle power (CCP) plant, under construction in Santa Rita, Batangas City, Philippines, will have an installed capacity of 414MW. The natural gas-fired power project, estimated to cost $600m, is owned by First NatGas Power Corporation (FNPC), a wholly owned subsidiary of First Gen.
Gas Turbine Power Plant in the Philippines The Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant in Limay, Bataan was constructed under a turnkey Design and Build Contract Designed for rapid start capability, this power plant is excellent for peaking purposes. The power plant is composed of two power stations (300 MW Limay A and 300 MW Limay B).
References http://www.mpoweruk.com/gas_turbines.htm http://www.explainthatstuff.com/turbines.html http://www.ncheurope.com/en/resources/difference-between-gasoline-diesel-engines http://cset.mnsu.edu/engagethermo/systems_gtpp.html http://mechanical-engineering-info.blogspot.com/2012/01/gas-turbine-power-plant.html http://www.brighthubengineering.com/power-plants/72369-compare-the-efficiency-ofdifferent-power-plants/
