Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Sign In
Upload
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
Download
1
of 12
GATE Mathematics
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title
Not useful Cancel anytime.
Useful
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Sign In
Upload
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
Download
1
of 12
GATE Mathematics
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title
Not useful Cancel anytime.
Useful
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Sign In
Upload
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
Download
1
of 12
GATE Mathematics
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Syllabus
E
Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon: diffu
current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers
junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-n
avalanche photo diode, Basics of LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuits fabric
process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twi CMOS process.
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title
Not useful Cancel anytime.
Useful
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Upload
Sign In
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
Download
1
of 12
GATE Mathematics
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
CONTENTS
Atomic Structure Energy Band Theory of Crystal Insulators, Semiconductors & Metals Charge Densities in a Semiconductor Fermi Level in a Semiconductor having Impurities Drift and Diffusion Currents Hall Effect Assigment 1 Assigment 2 Answer Keys Explanations
1-4 4 5-14 15-16 16-19 19-21 22-24 25-29 29-31 32 32-37
#2. Semiconductor Diode Characteristics The P-N Junction as a Diode Quantitative Theory of P-N Diode Currents The Law of the Junction The Volt – Ampere Characteristics Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. Transition or Space Charge Capacitance
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times
38-40 40-43 43-44 Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title 44-46 Useful Not useful Cancel anytime.46-49 49-51
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Sign In
Upload
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
1
Download
of 12
GATE Mathematics
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
CONTENTS
Assignment 2 Answer Keys Explanations
98-101 102 102-107
MOS Transistors as Switches MOSFET Structure Versus BIAS Manufacturing CMOS Integrated Circuit Assignment 1 Assignment 2 Answer Keys Explanations
108-110 110-114 114-120 121-124 125-127 128 128-131
#4.
#5.
Fundamentals of Light Photodiode Light Emitting Diode Electroluminescence Assignment 1 Assignment 2 Answer Keys Explanations
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times
Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
132 132-133 134-137 137-138 139-142 142-143 144 144-147 Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title
Not useful Cancel anytime.
Useful
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Sign In
Upload
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
1
Download
of 12
GATE Mathematics
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Chapter 1
Everything in this universe is formed by combination of various constituent elements.
Every element has characteristic atoms.
Atoms of different elements contain electrons, which are completely identical.
Atoms of every element have a positively charged c harged nucleus. Almost entire mass of the at concentrated in the nucleus.
The atom is composed of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively cha electrons and the neutrons carry no charge. Mass of an atom is very small e.g. mass of a carbon atom, C – 12 is only 1.992678× 1.992678×
Protons and neutrons are are the constituents of a nucleus. nucleus. The number of protons (calle (calle atomic number) and the number of neutrons are represented by the symbol Z an respectively
Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title total number of neutrons and protons in a nucleus is called its mass number A =Z+ & The NewThe York Times Useful Not useful
Cancel anytime.
Special offer forstudents: AtomOnly as $4.99/month. a whole is electrically neutral and therefore contains equal amount of positive
negative charges.
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Upload
Sign In
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
Download
1
of 12
GATE Mathematics
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Chapter 1
The work done by the system, when the extra electron is attracted from infinity to the orbit of the neutral atom is known as the electron affinity and correspondingly an inc in the size of the atom. The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself during the formation of bonds other atos is easured by the “electro “electro – negativity” of that ato.
The magnitude of energy released, when two atoms come together from a large distan energy”. separation to the equilibrium distance is called the “bond energy”.
“Ionic bonding” fors between two oppositely oppositely charged ions which are produced b transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Sharing Sharing of electrons between neighboring atos results in a “covalent bond” whi directional.
Covalent bonding occurs by the sharing of electrons between neighboring atoms. This contrast to the transfer of electrons from one atom to t o another in the ionic bonding.
The force on a unit positive charge at any point in an electric field is, by definition electric field intensity E at that point.
The force on a positive charge in an electric field of intensity E is given by , the resu force being in the direction of the electric field. Thus, where is in newtons, Coulombs and is in Volts per meter. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title The magnitude of the charge on the electron is , the force on an electron Not usefulin the field is Useful Cancel anytime. to the field . The minus sign denotes that the force f orce is in the direction opposite
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times
Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
A unit of work or energy, called the electron Volt (eV), is defined as follows:
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Upload
Sign In
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
1
Download
of 12
GATE Mathematics
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Chapter 1
The minimum energy required for the electron to escape from the metal at absolute teperature is called the “work function ”.
The total energy of electron in stationary states in joules and in electron volts is give [Bohr atomic model].
( (
( (
.
Where
Joules
m = electronic mass in kilograms, h Planck’s constant in joules – seconds, – seconds, n = orbit number.
It should be noted that the energy is negative and therefore, the energy of an electron orbit increases as increases.
To remove an electron from the first orbit (n=1) of the hydrogen atom, to outside o atom, that is to ionize the atom, the energy energy required is 13.6 eV. This is known “ionization energy” or the “ionization potential” of the ato. ato. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title
Master your semester with Scribd & The NewThe York Times energy associated with an electron
Useful useful atom is Not orbit of the hydrogen Cancel anytime.
in . Thus . Thus the energies , , ………. of the first, second, third ,……. ∞ orbits respectively -13.6, -3.4, -3.4, .5,…… 0 eV. The energy required to raise the atom from
Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
th
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Sign In
Upload
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
1
Download
of 12
GATE Mathematics
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Chapter 1 D= 5.32.g/c 5.32.g/c
D=2.33 g/c g/c
= 6.023 × molecules/mole
=6.023× =6.023× molecules/mole
Then, n = 4.4 × × atoms/c atoms/c
Then, n = 5× 5× atoms/c atoms/c
because atomic number of silicon is less than atomic number of Germanium.
As the inter - atomic spacing gradually decreases, there will be a gradual increase in interaction between the neighboring atoms. Due to this interaction, the atomic functions overlap and the crystal becomes an electronic system which should obey Pauli’s Pauli’s exclusion exclusion principle .
An energy gap exists between the two energy bands. This energy gap is called as forbi energy gap gap , as no electrons can occupy states in this gap.
The band below energy gap is called valence band. The band above the energy gap called conduction band.
The upper band, called the conduction band, consists of infinitely larger number of clo spaced energy states. The lower band, called the valence band consists of closely sp completely filled energy energy states and only two electron are allowed in each energy according to Pauli’s Pauli’s exclusion principle as shown in below below Figure.
Master your semester with Scribd Empty & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Eg
Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title
EC
Not useful Cancel anytime.
Useful
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Sign In
Upload
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
Download
1
of 12
GATE Mathematics
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Chapter 1
A very poor conductor of electricity is called an insulator, an excellent conductor is a m and a substance whose conductivity lies between these extremes is semiconductor. For a diamond (Carbon) crystal the region containing no quantum stat several electron electron volts high ( ( 6eV). This large forbidden band separates the fi lled va region from the vacant conduction band and therefore no electrical conduction is pos Insulator has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance.
The energy gap is so large that electrons cannot be easily excited from the valence ba the conduction band by any external stimuli (Electrical, thermal or optical).
This refers to a situation where the conduction and valence bands are overlap This is the case of a metal where This situation makes a large number of elect available for electrical conduction and, therefore the resistance of such materials is lo the conductivity is high.
A substance for which the width of the forbidden energy regio relatively small (~leV) is called a semiconductor.
The most important practical semiconductor materials are germanium and silicon, w have values of of 0.785 and 1.21 eV, respectively at K. Energies of this magnitude normally cannot be acquired from an applied field.
Master your semester with Scribd Hence the valence band remains full, the conduction band empty these material Read Free Foron 30and Days Sign up to vote this title at very low temperatures (≈ 0K). (≈ 0K). & The Newinsulators York Times Useful Not useful
Cancel anytime.
Special offer forstudents: Only $4.99/month. However, the conductivity increases with temperature as we explain below and for
reason these substances are known as “ intrinsic i ntrinsic seiconductors”
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Sign In
Upload
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
1
Download
of 12
GATE Mathematics
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Chapter 1
A semiconductor material where this conduction mechanism predominates is calle "extrinsic (impurity) semi conductor". The energy gap
for silicon decreases with temperature at the rate of 3.60 ×eV /
Hence, for silicon, EG (T) = 1.21 1.213.60 × T and at room temperature 300K, EG = 1.1 eV.
Similarly for germanium, EG (T) = 0.785 – 2.23× T and at room temperature, EG =0.72 eV.
The fundamental difference between a metal and a semiconductor is that the form unipolar (conducts current by means of charges (electrons) of one sign only); where semiconductor is bipolar (contains two charge carrying "particles" of opposite (electrons and holes)).
If N electrons are contained in a length of conductor (fig) and if it tak electron a time sec to travel a distance of meter in the conductor, the total numb electrons passing through any cross section of wire in unit time itos vote Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up title N
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
A
Useful
Not useful
Cancel anytime.
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join
Search
Home
Saved
0
76 views
Sign In
Upload
Join
RELATED TITLES
0
GATE Electronic Devices & Circuits Book
Uploaded by FaniAli
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Gate Electronic Devices & Circuits book is very useful for student who want to prepare for GATE. This book is part of GATE correspondence course study material by THE GATE ACADEMY. http://… Full description
Save
Embed
Share
Print
Download
1
of 12
GATE Mathematics
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
GATE Transducers
Digital Electronics
Search document
Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title
Not useful Cancel anytime.
Useful
Home
Saved
Books
Audiobooks
Magazines
News
Documents
Sheet Music
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
Upload
Sign In
Read Free For 30 Days Cancel anytime.
Join