GRE Sentence Completion Practice

GRE Sentence Completion 기출 문제집 - PP2, 10 회분(95-99), 8 회분(91-94), Big Book -

정 리 : 강 상 흥

PP2review PP2review —填空 150 题

1.

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In scientific studies, supporting evidence is much more satisfying to report than are discredited hypotheses, but, in fact, the__________ of errors is more likely to be_______ than is the establishment of probable truth. formulation . . permitted correction correction . . i gnored detection detection . . use ful accumulation . . agreeable refinement . . conditional

2.

Although skeptics say financial problems will probably ________our establishing a base on the Moon, supporters of the project remain _______, saying that human curiosity should overcome such pragmatic constraints. beset . . disillusioned hasten . . hopeful postpone . . pessimistic prevent . . enthusiastic allow . . unconvinced

3.

The state of a nation's science determines its prosperity and political power, and scientists should not_______ this relationship even if their own interest in science is of a less practical nature. overlook consider overestimate rely on notice

4.

All_______ biological traits fall into one of two categories: those giving their possessors greater ________the environment and those rendering them more independent of it. widespread . . detachment from beneficial . . control over successful . . freedom from neutral . . compatib ility with with harmful . . advantage in

5.

Most histories of science are success stories that conclude on _______ note with the fin_______ of a theory that is the basis of subsequent inquiries by

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later researchers. a retrospective . .extrapolation an analytic . . rebuttal an objective . . rationalization a positive . . refutation a triumphal . . ascendancy

6.

Whereas the Elizabethans struggled with the transition from medieval ________ experience to modern individualis m, we confront an electronic technology that seems likely to reverse the trend, rendering individualism obsolete and interdependence den ce mandatory. mandatory. literary intuitive corporate heroic spiritual

7.

The a tempt to breed suitable varieties of jojoba by using hybridization to_______ favorable traits was finally abana bandoned in favor of a simpler and much faster ________: the domestication domestication of flourishing wild strains. eliminate . . alternative reinforce reinforce . . met hod allow . . creation reduce . . idea concentrate . . theory

8.

In spite of the increasing_______ of their opinions, the group knew they had to arrive at a consensus so that the award could be presented. impartiality consistency judiciousness incisiveness polarity

9.

Supporters praised the mayor's a action as a speedy and judicious solution, but critics condemned it as _______ and unfairly influenced by recent events. innocuous fortuitous beguiling discreet

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premature

10.

Although frequent air travelers remain unconvinced, researchers have found that, paradoxically, the_______ disorientation inherent in jet lag also may yield some mental health _______.__ temporal . . benefits acquired . . hazards somatic . . disorders random . . deficiencies typical . . standards

11.

Some artists immodestly idealize or exaggerate the significance of their work; yet others________ to exalt the role of the artist, reject a transcendent view of art. appearing disdaining seeking failing tending

12.

Calculus, though still indispensable to science and technology, is no longer _______; it has an equal partner called discrete mathematics. preeminent pertinent beneficial essential pragmatic

13.

Usually the first to spot data that were inconsistent with other findings, in this particular experiment she let a number of _______ results slip by. inaccurate verifiable redundant salient anomalous

14.

Despite its________, the book deals _______ with a number of crucial issues. optimism . . cursorily importance . . needlessly virtues . . inadequately novelty . . strangely

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completeness . . thoroughly

15.

Because the most recent research has

_______ earlier criticism

of her work, one has to conclude that scientists who persist in dismissing her contribution are either________ the latest findings or simply obstinate. disparaged . . satisfied with refined . . preoccupied with rejuvenated . . unmoved by confirmed . . opposed to invalidated . . ignorant of

16.

Babcock's criticism of the business practices of fellow merchants was colored by

_______: the

more successful the other entrepreneurs, the more bitterly they were _______.__ sensitivity . . courted jealousy . . castigated admiration . . admonished ambivalence . . dismissed blame . . exonerated

17.

Though his contemporaries tended to fixate on the politician's supposed _______, his personal correspondence

_______ a

surprising largesse. charity . . confirms parsimony . . contradicts avarice . . betrays integrity . . reveals generosity . . bespeaks

18.

In contrast to more _______ publications of ever narrower purview, the journal Antiquity has remained as

__________

as it was when it began, continuing to serve the broader interests of the discipline of archaeology. atypical . . anomalous specialized . . eclectic diverse . . idiosyncratic irrelevant . . su perfluous authoritative . . autocratic

19.

If the theory is self-evidently true, as its proponents assert, then why does _______ it still exist among

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well-informed people? support for excitement about regret for resignation about opposition to

20.

Religious philosopher that he was, Henry More derived his conception of an infinite universe from the Infinite God in whom he bel ieved, a benevolent God of

_______ whose nature was

to create _______.__ plenitude . . abundance vengeance . . jus tice indifference . . suffering indulgence . . temperance rectitude . . havoc

21.

According to some experts, modern science as it emerged in the seventeenth century was essentially a _______ calling: the culture of science was more a _______ than a departure from ecclesiastical traditions. scholarly . . recapitulation of skeptical . . return to religious . . continuation of solemn . . recantation of technical . . modification of

22.

We first became aware that his support for the new program was less than

_______ when he declined

to make a speech in its favor. qualified haphazard fleeting unwarranted wholehearted 23.

Because of the excellent preservation of the fossil, anatomical details of early horseshoe crabs were

________ for the first

time, enabling experts to_______ the evolution of the horseshoe crab. scrutinized . . ensure verified . . advance identified . . dirt

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obscured . . illustrate clarified . . reassess

24.

Nothing _______ his irresponsibility better than his__________ delay in sending us the items he promised weeks ago. justifies . . conspicuous characterizes . . timely epitomizes . . unnecessary reveals . . conscientious conceals . . inexplicable

25.

The few dozen gray seals that have thus far died of canine distemper can, at least for now, be considered

_______, since

most of the remaining 200,000 gray seals appear uninfected by the disease. unexceptional immune anomalous endangered contagious

26.

A century ago the physician's word was

_______:

to

doubt it was considered almost sacrilegious. inevitable intractable incontrovertible objective respectable

27.

So much of modern fiction in the United States is autobiographical, and so much of the autobiography fictionalized, that the__________ sometimes seem largely

_______.__

authors . . ignored needs . . unrecognized genres . . interchangeable intentions . . misunderstood misapprehensions . . uncorrected 28.

Prior to the work of Heckel, illustrations of fish were often beautiful but rarely_______ ; this cat, combined with the________ nature of most nineteenth-century taxonomic descriptions, often kept scientists from recognizing differences between species.

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impressive . . inaccurate realistic . . detailed traditional . . progressive precise . . inexact distinctive . . sophisticated

29.

Because modern scientists find the ancient Greek view of the cosmos outdated and irrelevant, they now perceive it as only of _______ interest.

historical intrinsic astronomical experimental superfluous

30.

The challenge of interpreting fictional works written under politically repressive regimes lies in distinguishing what is _______ to an author's beliefs, as opposed to what is _______ by political coercion.

innate . . understood organic . . imposed contradictory . . conveyed oblique . . captured peripheral . . demanded

31.

Although the intell ectual and artistic achievements of this ancient civilization were, even by modern standards, extraordinarily _______, its level of technical and mechanical development was by no means

_______ to that of modern technology. primitive . . superior diverse . . inimical sophisticated . . comparable primeval . . equivalent influential . . subordinate

32.

Although the genetic explanation of why some people are right-handed whereas others are le

ft-

handed is plausible, it has been effectively__________ by experiments in which genetically _______ mice showed different paw preferences.

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verified . . related challenged . . indistinguishable tested . . altered proven . . identical destroyed . . complex

33.

While T.S. Eliot maintained that poets themselves were the best _______ of _______, C.S. Lewis opposed this view, declaring that one did not have to be a trained chef to be a discriminating gourmet.

mimics . . life constructors . . rhyme critics . . verse conservators . . aesthetics interpreters . . sensation

34.

Paradoxically, altruism may in fact be _______ if it aids only one's c lose relatives. stalwart beneficent rancorous selfish censorious

35.

The discipline of sociology has finally achieved a degree of consensus: however

_______ their indi-

vidual interpretations and emphases might be, most sociologists now ________ a single broad conception of the field. different . . share uncontroversial . . champion limited . . reject divergent . . dispute concordant . . acknowledge 36.

By forcing our surrender to the authority of the clock, systematic timekeeping has imposed a form of _______ on society. anarchy permanence provincialism tyranny

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autonomy

37.

The meeting seemed

_______, not just because deci-

sions were made with excessive deliberation, but also because the director was so ________ as to provoke extremely lengthy debate. abbreviated . . distracted interminable . . tendentious methodical . . persuasive endless . . amenable overwhelming . . withdrawn

38.

The reception given to Kimura's radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when

_______ fights

orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention. imitation reaction dogmatism invention caution

39.

Although they were not direct _______, the new a arts of the Classical period were clearly created in the spirit of older Roman models and thus _______ many features of the older style.

impressions …introduced translations . . accentuated copies . . maintained masterpieces . . depicted borrowings . . improvised 40.

Overall, the evidence was inconclusive as to whether the adjustment to the inflated estimates would __________ their accuracy or instead________ the actual amount. compromise . . magnify confirm . . validate disprove . . pinpoint verify . . distort improve . . understate

41.

Perhaps there is a shortcoming in the script, but the film's poor reviews may also be a function of one

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or two _______ casting decisions in an otherwise _______ production. fitting . . magnificent faulty . . solid deliberate . . cautious has y . . mediocre confusing . . perplexing

42.

As a means of

_______ a tempestuous confrontation,

the labor arbitrator advised the opposing parties to _______ their positions. promoting . . qualify calming . . reinforce neglecting . clarity appraising . . soften defusing . . moderate 43.

One of archaeology's central dilemmas is how to reconstruct the_______ of complex ancient societies from meager and often _______ physical evidence.

riddles . . obsolete details . . irrefutable intricacies . . equivocal patterns . . flawless configurations . . explicit

44.

That she seemed to prefer

_______ to concentrated

e fort is undeniable; nevertheless, the impressive quality of her finished paintings suggests that her actual relationship to her art was anything but _______.__ preparation . . passionate artfulness . . disengaged dabbling . . superficial caprice . . considered indecision . . lighthearted 45.

Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents _______.__ demur schism cooperation

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compliance shortsightedness

46.

The natures of social history and lyric poetry are _______, social history always recounting the __________ and lyric poetry speaking for unchanging human nature, that timeless essence beyond fashion and economics. predetermined . . bygone antithetical . . evanescent interdependent . . unnoticed irreconcilable . . unalterable indistinguishable . . transitory

47.

Despite the fact that it is almost universally _______, the practice of indentured servitude still_______ in many parts of the world. condemned . . abates tolerated . . survives proscribed . . persists mandated . . lingers disdained . . intervenes

48.

Ironically, the proper use of figurative language must be based on the denotative meaning of the words, because it is the failure to recognize this _____ meaning that leads to mixed metaphors and their attendant incongruity. esoteric literal latent allusive symbolic

49.

Having sufficient income of her own constituted for Alice _______ independence that made possible a degree of _______ in her emotional life as well. a material . . security a profound . . conformity a financial . . economy a psychological . . extravagance an unexpected . . uncertainty

50.

The credibility of her _______ description of the conflicts experienced by many contemporary women in their everyday lives was undermined by her _______ conclusions. even-handed . . partisan

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biased . . lopsided detailed . . careful general . . far-reaching realistic . . valid

51.

Her tone of voice _______ him: he could not tell whether she was being

________ or whether he was

to take her comment literally. offended . . genuine puzzled . . direct comforted . . kind reassured . . condescending perplexed . . sarcastic

52.

Mathematics consists of a group of languages that are more stable than any _______ language; mathematical symbols do not

_______ their

meanings as words do. developed . . substitute written . . translate traditional . . require verbal . . change explicit . . conceal

53.

While many people utilize homeopathic remedies to treat health problems, other people do not _______ such alternative treatments, _______ conventional medical treatments instead. distrust . . employing embrace . . eschewing reject . . envisioning countenance . . relying on recommend . . turning from

54.

From Neolithic pottery to twentieth-century posters, the extent and variety of the arts in China_______ those who search for continuity; nonetheless, certain __________ values are reflected in China's artistic traditions. confound . . enduring abet . . pervasive inform . . intangible entice . . diverse alienate . . distinctive

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55.

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Paleontologists' assumptions about the equable nature of the climate on the primeval island of Pangaea are

__________

computer simulations indicating that the island's temperatures tended to _______ during the course of a year. based on . . cool confirmed by . . vary challenged by . . stabilize bolstered by . . soar undermined by . . fluctuate

56.

Whereas historians once maintained that science is ________ other enterprises, they have come to realize that science is actually_______ the values, social assumptions, and intellectual traditions of a particular historical period. related to . . informed by ancillary to . . secondary to tantamount to . . equivalent to distinct from . . intertwined with dependent on . . influenced by

57.

Chinese art has no _______ the powerfully explicit antiwar paintings of the West, but_______ subtlety and indirection to express political thought. panacea for . . passes by diversion from . . defers to counterpart for . . relies on intimation of . . alludes to derivative of . . refrains from

58.

Breakdowns in communication between intimates may occur because the

_______ of the relationship,

ironically, may________ openness. depth . . necessitate closeness . . discourage reciprocity . . foster juxtaposition . . off set precariousness . . facilitate

59.

Often the argument against philanthropy has the effect of_______ the character of philanthropists but not necessarily _______ their work: they may have done good in spite of themselves.

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describing . . explaining aggrandizing . . acknowledging emphasizing . . citing impugning . . discrediting obscuring . . attacking

60.

The novelist devotes so much time to avid descriptions of his characters' clothes that the reader soon feels that such ________ concerns, although worthy of attention, have superseded any more directly literary aims. didactic syntactical belletristic sartorial frivolous

61.

Ecologists who believe that naturally occurring fires can o ten _______ an ecosystem are worried by calls for a policy of _______ all forest fires. alter . . investigating damage . . fighting benefit . . suppressing unbalance . . extinguishing rejuvenate . . studying

62.

Mathematicians have a distinctive sense of beau y: they strive to present their ideas and results in a clear and compelling fashion, dictated by __________ as well as by logic. caprice aesthetics obligation methodologies intellect

63.

Carruthers' latest literary criticism_______ her reputation for trenchant commentary; despite its intriguing title and the fulsome praise on its dust jacket, it is nothing more than a collection of _______. reinforces . . pronouncements belies . . platitudes prejudices . . insights advances . . aphorisms undermines . . judgments

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64.

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The ________ of gamblers' unsuccessful decision strategies is one _______ of the illusions built into games of chance in order to misguide players and take their money. distortion . . outcome restriction . . result maintenance . . function prediction . . accomplishment demonstration . . prerequisite

65.

That the new group was unable to weather its first sta ff meeting without evidence of the same

_______ that its

creation was intended to abolish did not ________ future harmony among coworkers. cooperation . . ensure facade . . realize factions . . augur diligence . . subdue ventures . . suggest

66.

The prevailing union of passionate interest in detailed facts with equal devotion to abstract_______ is a hallmark of our present society; in the past this union appeared, at best, _______ and as if by chance. data . .extensively philosophy . .cyclically generalization . . sporadically evaluation . . opportunely intuition . . selectively

67.

The author did not see the _______ inherent in her scathing criticism of writing style so similar to her own. disinterest incongruity pessimism compliment symbolism

68.

The author is _______ to identify any particular principle as fundamental, insisting instead that it is only when viewed within specific contexts that principles

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can be

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_______.__ reluctant . . modified unable . . relinquished loathe . . assessed unlikely . . violated wrong . . justified

69.

As _______ as she was to the widespread dissatisfaction with her performance on the job, it is no wonder that she greeted the news of her dismissal with _______.__ receptive . . disdain acquiescent . . temerity oblivious . . astonishment vulnerable . . uncertainty responsive . . apathy

70.

The scientist found it puzzling that his rival's theory retained its_______ despite widespread suggestions that it was now _______.__ perspective . . dated currency . . moribund appeal . . accepted complexity . . unfathomable credibility . . recognized

71.

In keeping with the well-established custom that even the most favorable review should include some _______, the reviewer follows her _______ the book's prose with some objections to its implementations of theory. equivocations . . quibbles with accolades . . attack on reservations . . praise of disparagements . . criticism of compliments . . consideration of

72.

Even among those findings in the field of nuclear physics that have _______, many have been subject to repeated challenges on the basis of new evidence. arisen survived declined been proposed

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been questioned

73.

The economists were

_______ to find that the

theory that they had considered __________ crumbled when modern techniques for economic modeling made it possible to make new kinds of observation that contradicted its fundamental assumptions. surprised . . problematic overjoyed . . useful stunned . . invulnerable disappointed . . faulty astonished . . suspect

74.

One reason for the development of junior high schools in the United States was _______: these schools provided an efficient and inexpensive way to avoid overcrowding in the high schools. inequality parity expediency ineptitude instability

75.

Even though some of the variables identified in Chang's study of personality types are inherently _______, the application of that study's results predicts human behavior with considerable

_______.__ reliable . . accuracy common . . universality nebulous . . specificity abstruse . . error interesting . . sophistication

76.

Just as the authors' book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny ing in this area. prevent defy replicate inform

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_______ teach-


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us e

77.

Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very recently, been regarded merely as

________ fact, a bit

of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers. a controversial a statistical an analytical an explicit an unimpeachable

78.

Often the di fficulties of growing up in the public eye cause child prodigies to_______ the world of achievement before reaching adulthood; happily, they sometimes later return to competition and succeed brilliantly. ridicule conquer retire from antagonize examine

79.

That many lawyers have acquired a reputation for________ even the most solemn and binding undertakings does not _______ discovery of attorneys devoted to both legal and ethical right. enforcing . . promote articulating . . ensu re repudiating . . permi t disapproving . . produce subverting . . preclude

80.

While some argue that imposing tolls on highway users circumvents the need to raise public t axes for road maintenance, the phenomenal expense of maintaining a vast network of roads __________ reliance on these general taxes. avoids diminishes necessitates discourages ameliorates

81.

The skeleton of ________ bird that was recently discovered

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indicated that this ancient creature________ today's birds in that, unlike earlier birds and unlike reptilian ancestors, it had not a tooth in its head. a primeval . . obscured a unique . . preempted a primitive . . anticipated a contemporary . . foreshadowed an advanced . . differed from

82.

According to one political theorist, a regime that has as its goal absolute ______, without any_______ law or principle, has declared war on justice. respectability . . codification of supremacy . . suppression of autonomy . . accountability to fairness . . deviation from responsibility . . prioritization of

83.

The remark was only slightly _______, inviting a chuckle, perhaps, but certainly not a_______.__ audible . . reward hostile . . shrug amusing . . rebuke coherent . . reaction humorous . . guffaw

84.

Estimating the risks of radiation escaping from a nuclear power plant is _______ question, but one whose answer then becomes part of a value-laden, emotionally charged policy debate about whether to construct such a plant. an incomprehensible an undefined an irresponsible a divisive a technical

85.

Our highly _______ vocabulary for street crime contrasts sharply to our _______ vocabulary for corporate crime, a fact that corresponds to the general public's unawareness of the extent of corporate crime. nuanced . . subtle uninformative . . misleading euphemistic . . abstract differentiated . . limited technical . . jargon-laden

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86.

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In modern English very few verb forms can be surely identified as subjunctives, and the use of those few is so irregular that_______ criteria for appropriate usage are hard to infer. obscure irrelevant alternative definite independent

87.

Professional photographers generally regard inadvertent surrealism in a photograph as a curse rather than a blessing; magazine photographers, in particular, consider themselves

_______ to the extent that they ca__________

its presence in their photographs. skillful . . enhance inadequate . . eliminate original . . demonstrate fortunate . . minimize conventional . . highlight

88.

Doors were

closing on our past, and soon the values we

had lived by would become so obsolete that we would seem to people of the new age as

_______ as travelers from an

ancient land. elegant ambitious interesting comfortable quaint

89.

Mechanisms develop whereby every successful species can

_______ its innate capacity for population

growth with the constraints that arise through its interactions with the natural environment. enhance replace produce surpass reconcile

90.

It was not the _______ of great wealth--jewels, limousines, palatial houses --that enticed him; rather,

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he was ________ by the illusion of complete freedom that unlimited financial resources created. grandeur . . unconvinced responsibilities . . intimidated trappings . . seduced pageant . . appalled rewards . . distressed

91.

Ability to _______ is the test of the perceptive historian; a history, af ter all, consists not only of what the historian has included, but also, in some sense, of what has been left out. defer select confer devise reflect

92.

Although the _______ of cases of measles has

_______, _

researchers fear that eradication of the disease, once believed to be imminent, may not come soon. occurrence . . continued incidence . . declined prediction . . resumed number . . increased study . . begun

93.

Although it seems _______ that there would be a greater risk of serious automobile accidents in densely populated areas, such accidents are more likely to occur in sparsely populated regions. paradoxical axiomatic anomalous irrelevant portentous

94.

Because art is a_______ form of human expression, the artist's approach to creation is_______ personal experience. dispassionate . . influenced by typical . . detached from unique . . detrimental to subjective . . colored by

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figurative . . irrelevant to

95.

When a person suddenly loses consciousness, a bystander is not expected to _______ the problem but to attempt to _______ its effects by starting vital functions if they are absent. cure . . precipitate minimize . . predict determine . . detect diagnose . . counter magnify . . evaluate

96.

To label the 1950's in the United States a “golden age” is somewhat

_______; general prosperity increased

but the gains made by women in the workplace during the Second World War were

_______.

nostalgic . . perpetuated facetious . . substantiated disingenuous . . modified misleading . . eroded hyperbolic . . distributed

97.

Many of the towns that have voted to keep incinerators in the county's solid waste plan have done so not because they necessarily because they are

_______ incinerators, but

_______ to narrow their waste-

disposal options. disdain . . expecting favor . . inclined dote on . . eager approve of . . loath deplore . . unwilling 98.

It was lack of ecological awareness that initially allowed physicians to view the new “ miracle-cure” antibiotics as a permanent _______ to bacterial infections rather than_______ victory over such diseases. alternative . . a major solution . . an interim reaction . . a strategic answer . . a hard-won stimulus . . an ephemeral

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99.

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The senator's attempt to convince the public that he is not interested in running for a second term is _______ given the extremely _______ fund-raising activities of his campaign committee. futile .clandestine sincere . . visible specious . . apathetic disingenuous . . public straightforward . . dubious

100.

The essays gathered in the volume are characterized by ________ that________ their disparate origins. a standard . . undermines a permanence . . distorts a similarity . . reinforces a unity . . belies an incompatibil ity . . disguises

101.

Though he refused any responsibility for the failure of the negotiations, Stevenson had no right t_______ himself: it was his__________ that had caused the debacle. blame . . skill congratulate . . modes y berate . . largesse accuse . . obstinacy absolve . . acrimony

102.

To this reviewer, Esterman's play was a thoroughly _______ exercise: both its laughter and its tears seemed equally

_______. plausible . . improbable trivial . . solemn sentimental . . understated artificial . . specious creative . . stilted

103.

Although a change in management may appear to________ a shift in a company's fortunes, more often than not its impact is _______.__ hinder . . measurable promote . . demonstrable accelerate . . profound betray . . fundamental

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augur . . inconsiderable

104.

Journalists often described the incumbent senator as politically _______, despite the fact that his record had established him as a more _______ assessor of political possibilities and personalities than either of his opponents had shown themselves to be. pragmatic . . efficient opportunistic . . seasoned naive . . shrewd inept . . inexperienced astute . . reliable

105.

During a period of protracted illness, people who are sick can become infirm, _______ both the strength to work and many of the specific skills they once possessed. regaining denying pursuing insuring losing

106.

For centuries animals have been used as

__________for

people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans. benefactors companions examples precedents surrogates

107.

Candidates who oppose the present state income t must be able to propose

ax

________ ways to __________

the financing of state operations. intelligent . . initiate individual . . diversify innovative . . alleviate arbitrary . . maintain alternate . . continue

108.

Social tensions among adult factions can be __________ by politics, but adolescents and children have no such _______ for resolving their conflict with the exclusive

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world of adults. intensified . attitude complicated . . relief frustrated . . justification adjusted . . mechanism revealed . . opportunity

109.

Exposure to low-intensity gamma radiation slows the rate of growth of the spoilage microorganisms in food in much the same way that the low heat used in pasteurization _______ the spoilage action of the microorganisms in milk. precludes initiates inhibits isolates purifies

110.

In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integ rity: it can be efficient only if it has been

_______ without loss from primeval

times to the present practitioner. conventionalized realized transmitted manipulated aggrandized

111.

Kagan maintains that an infant's reactions to its first stressful experiences are part of a natural process of development, not harbingers of childhood unhappiness or

_______ signs of adolescent

anxiety. prophetic normal monotonous virtual typical

112.

Physicists rejected the innovative experimental technique because, although it _______ some problems, it also produced new

________._

clarified . . data eased . . interpretations

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resolved . . complications caused . . hypotheses revealed . . inconsistencies

113.

Marison was a scientist of unusual ________ and imagination who had startling success in_______ new and fundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition. restiveness . . acknowledging precision . . coordinating aggression . . resisting candor . . dispelling insight . . discerning

114.

Documenting science's

________ philosophy would be

____,since it is almost axiomatic that many philosophers use scientific concepts as the foundations for their speculations. distrust of . . elementary influence on . . superfluous reliance on . . inappropriate dependence on . . difficult differences from . . impossible

115.

Her ________ should not be confused with miserliness; as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need. intemperance intolerance apprehension diffidence frugality

116.

Although ancient tools were _______ preserved, enough have survived to allow us to demonstrate an occasionally interrupted but generally __________ progress through prehistory. partially . . noticeable superficially . . necessary unwittingly . . documented rarely . . continual needlessly . . incessant

117.

In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the landfast ice so _______ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.

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permanently imperceptibly irregularly precariously slightly

118.

It is puzzling to observe that Jones's novel has recently been criticized for its________ structure, since commentators have traditionally argued that its most obvious_______ is its relentlessly rigid, indeed schematic, framework. attention to . . preoccupation speculation about . . characteristic parody of . . disparity violation of . . contradiction lack of . . flaw

119.

The spellings of many Old English words have been _______ in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed. preserved shortened preempted revised improved

120.

In the machinelike world of classical physics, the human intellect appears _______, since the mechanical nature of classical physics does not _______ creative reasoning, the very ability that had made the formulation of classical principles possible. anomalous . . allow for abstract . . speak to anachronistic . . deny enduring . . value contradictory . . exclude

121.

For some time now, exist:

_______ has been presumed not to

thc cynical conviction that everybody has an angle

is considered wisdom. rationality flexibility diffidence disinterestedness insincerity

27


122.

涛涛整理

2.7 于武汉

Unfortunately, his damaging attacks on the ramifications of the economic policy have been _______ by his wholehearted acceptance of that policy's underlying assumptions. supplemented undermined wasted diverted redeemed

123.

The characterization of historical analysis as a form of fiction is not likely to be received_______ by either historians or literary critics, who agree that history and fiction deal wit__________ orders of experience. quietly . . significant enthusiastically . . sting passively . . unusual sympathetically . . distinct contentiously . . realistic

124.

The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, _______ between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are ________ to the maintenance of communi ty. a compromise . . inimical an interdependence . . subsidiary a counterpoint . . incidental an equivalence . . prerequisite a reciprocity . . conducive

125.

An investigation that is_______ can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction. timely unguided consistent uncomplicated subjective

126.

It comes as no surprise that societies have codes of behavior; the character of the codes, on the other hand, can often be _______.__ predictable

28


涛涛整理

2.7 于武汉

unexpected admirable explicit confusing

127.

In a _______ society that worships efficiency, it is difficult for a sensitive and idealistic person to make the kinds of _______ decisions that alone spell success as it is defined by such a society. bureaucratic . . edifying pragmatic . . hardheaded rational . . well-intentioned competitive . . evenhanded modern . . dysfunctional

128.

During the 1960's assessments of the family shifted remarkably, from general endorsement of it as a worthwhile, stable institution to widespread__________ it as an oppressive and bankrupt one whose _______ was both imminent and welcome. flight from . . restitution fascination with . . corruption rejection of . . vogue censure of . . dissolution relinquishment of . . ascent

129.

The _______ of mass literacy coincided with the first industrial revolution; in turn, the new expansion in literacy, as well as cheaper printing, helped to nurture the_______ of popular literature. building . . mistrust reappearance . . display receipt . . source selection . . influence emergence . . rise

130.

The pressure of population on available resources is the key to understanding history; consequently, any historical writing that takes no cognizance of ________ facts is_______ flawed. demographic . . intrinsically ecological . . marginally cultural . . substantively psychological . . philosophically

29


涛涛整理

2.7 于武汉

political . . demonstratively

131.

Like many eighteenth-century scholars who lived by cultivating those in power, Winckelmann neglected to neutralize, by some ________ gesture of comradeship, the resentment his peers were bound to feel because of his _______ the high and mighty. quixotic . . intrigue with enigmatic . . familiarity with propitiatory . . involvement with salutary . . questioning of unfeigned . . sympathy for

132.

During the opera's most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra's conductor seemed

_______, without necessary

relation to what had gone before. tedious melodious capricious compelling cautious

133.

The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly

_______ source of raw materials, of which

only a few have been utilized. exploited quantifiable controversial inexhaustible remarkable

134.

Far from viewing Jefferson as a skeptical but enlightened intel lectual, historians of th1960's portrayed him as __________ thinker, eager to fill the young with his political orthodoxy while censuring ideas he did not like. an adventurous a doctrinaire an eclectic a judicious a cynical

135.

Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary

30


涛涛整理

2.7 于武汉

diseases that are _______ would be expected to be very _______, but, surprisingly, they are not. lethal . . rare untreated . . dangerous unusual . . refractory new . . perplexing widespread . . acute

136.

To have true disciples, a thinker must not be too _______: any effective intellectual leader depends on the ability of other people to _______ thought processes that did not originate with them. popular . . dismiss methodical . . interpret idiosyncratic . . reenact self-confident . . revitalize pragmatic . . discourage

137.

In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as _______.__ a paradigm a misnomer a profundity an inaccuracy an anomaly

138.

Our biological uniqueness requires that the effects of a substance must be verified by ________ experiments, even after thousands of tests of the effects of that substance on animals. controlled random replicated human evolutionary

139.

For years manufacturers have tried to make chocolate synthetically, wit_______ success, because chocolate contains hundreds of substances and no one knows which are responsible for its _______ flavor. commercial . . special average . . true little . . distinctive

31


涛涛整理

2.7 于武汉

meager . . artificial considerable . . specific

140.

Mathematics consists of a group of languages that are more stable than any _______ language; mathematical symbols do not

_______ their

meanings as words do. developed . . substitute written . . translate traditional . . require verbal . . change explicit . . conceal 141.

While many people utilize homeopathic remedies to treat health problems, other people do not _______ such alternative treatments, _______ conventional medical treatments instead. distrust . . employing embrace . . eschewing reject . . envisioning countenance . . relying on recommend . . turning from

142.

From Neolithic pottery to twentieth-century posters, the extent and variety of the arts in China_______ those who search for continuity; nonetheless, certain __________ values are reflected in China's artistic traditions. confound . . enduring abet . . pervasive inform . . intangible entice . . diverse alienate . . distinctive

143.

Paleontologists' assumptions about the equable nature of the climate on the primeval island of Pangaea are

__________

computer simulations indicating that the island's temperatures tended to _______ during the course of a year. based on . . cool confirmed by . . vary challenged by . . stabilize bolstered by . . soar undermined by . . fluctuate

32


144.

涛涛整理

2.7 于武汉

Whereas historians once maintained that science is ________ other enterprises, they have come to realize that science is actually_______ the values, social assumptions, and intellectual traditions of a particular historical period. related to . . informed by ancillary to . . secondary to tantamount to . . equivalent to distinct from . . intertwined with dependent on . . influenced by

145.

Before the Second World War, academics still questioned whether the body of literature produced in the United States truly _______ a________ literature, or whether such literature was only a provincial branch of English literature. symbolized . . local constituted . . national defined . . historical outlined . . good captured . . meaningful

146.

In today's world, manufacturers' innovations are easily copied and thus differences between products are usually ________; advertisers, therefore, are forced to _______ these differences in order to suggest the uniqueness of their clients' products. crucial . . downplay minimal . . reduce slight . . exaggerate common . . emphasize intrinsic . . create

147.

The critics' evident_______ the new production was somewhat

_______ by their high regard for

the playwright's previous work. admiration for . .offset curiosi ty about . . dampened hostility toward . . tempered disappointment in . . disguised awareness of . . frustrated

148.

There is hardly a generalization that can be made about people's social behavior and the values informing it that

33


涛涛整理

2.7 于武汉

cannot be _______ from one or another point of view, or even ________ as simplistic or vapid. accepted . . praised intuited . . exposed harangued . . retracted defended . . glorified challenged . . dismissed

149.

What these people were waiting for would not have been apparent to others and was perhaps not very _______ their own minds. obscure to intimate to illus ory to difficult for definite in

150.

Today water is more

_______ in landscape architecture

than ever before, because technological advances have made it easy, in some instances even

_______, to install

water features in public places. conspicuous . . prohibitive sporadic . . effortless indispensable . . intricate ubiquitous . . obligatory controversial . . unnecessary

Answer: CD ABE C B E E A B A E C E B C B E A C E E CC CC D A B C B C D A D B D CE B E C C B B C B A A E D D A E D C B DD C B B CC C B CC B C B CCC D B C E C CC EED

DDEE C B BB DD

D D B DD E D E C E

EE D CC A C E B E D B E A A D B D E B B B D E A CC DB A C ED CD D A E DB C C E E D

34

1991 년 10 월

4. The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of ___ , though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an

Section 1

important consideration. (A) economics

1. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by

conscious

objectivity,

science

often

(B) legislation

operates

(C) cleanliness

through error, happy accidents, ______ and persistence

(D) aesthetics

in spite of mistakes.

(E) restoration

(A) facts (B) controls

5. Despite an agreement between labor and management

(C) hunches

to keep the print and electronic media ______

(D) deductions

developments, the details of the negotiations were

(E) calculations

______ all but a few journalists from the major metropolitan newspapers.

2. The transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic era

(A) abreast of.. disclo sed to

is viewed by most art historians as a ____ , because,

(B) involved in.. leaded to

instead of an increasingly ______ pictorial art, we find

(C) apprised of.. withheld from

degeneration.

(D) speculating about.. denied to

(A) milestone.. debased

(E) ignorant of .. suppressed by

(B) consolidation.. diverse (C) calamity.. aberrant

6. Word order in a sentence was much freer in Old French

(D) regression.. sophisticated

than it is in French today, this _______ disappeared as

(E) continuation.. impro ved

the French language gradually lost its case distinctions. (A) restriction

3. Salazar's presence in the group was so _____ the others

(B) license

that they lost most of their earlier ______ ; failure, for

(C) similarity

them, became all but unthinkable.

(D) rigidity

(A) reassuring to .. trepidation

(E) imperative

(B) unnoticed by.. curiosity (C) unusual to.. harmony

7. Whereas biologists must maintain a _____ attitude

(D) endearing to.. confidence

toward the subjects of their research, social scientists

(E) unexpected by.. exhilaration

must, paradoxically, combine personal involvement and scholarly _____. (A) scrupulous.. sympathy (B) careful.. abandon (C) casual.. precision (D) passive.. passion (E) disinterested.. detachment

1

Section 2 1. Read's apology to Heflin was not exactly abject and

5. An obvious style, easily identified by some superficial

did little to _____ their decades-long quarrel, which

quirk, is properly_____ as a mere mannerism, whereas

had been as _____ as the academic etiquette of

a complex and subtle style_____ reduction to a

scholarly journals permitted.

formula.

(A) encourage.. sporadic

(A) avoided.. risks

(B) dampen.. courteous

(B) decried.. resists

(C) obscure.. ceremonious

(C) prized.. withstands

(D) resolve.. acrimonious

(D) identified ..consists of

(E) blur.. sarcastic

(E) cultivated.. demands

2. Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops resist

6. If efficacious new medicines have side effects that are

detection until maturity by ______ the seedling stage

commonly observed and ____, such medicines are too

in the rice plant's life cycle, thereby remaining

often considered _____, even when laboratory tests

indistinguishable from the rice crop until the flowering

suggest caution.

stage.

(A) unremarkable.. safe

(A) deterring

(B) unpredictable.. reliab le

(B) displacing

(C) frequent.. outdated

(C) augmenting

(D) salutary.. experimental

(D) imitating

(E) complicated.. useful

(E) nurturing 7. Although a few delegates gave the opposition's 3. Although the architect's concept at first sounded too

suggestions a ______ response, most greeted the

_____ to be ____ , his careful analysis of every aspect

statement of a counterposition with ______.

of the project convinced the panel that the proposed

(A) favorable.. approval

building was indeed, structurally feasible.

(B) dispirited.. reluctance

(A) mundane.. attractive

(C) surly.. resentment

(B) eclectic.. appealing

(D) halfhearted.. composure

(C) grandiose.. affordable

(E) vitriolic.. civility

(D) innovative.. ignored

1

C

1

D

2

D

2

D

3

A

3

E

but only a hobbyist's interest in language.

4

D

4

C

(A) manifest

5

C

5

B

(B) plausible

6

B

6

A

(C) technical

7

E

7

E

(E) visionary.. practicable

4. Gould claimed no ______ knowledge of linguistics,

(D) rudimentary (E) insignificant

2

1992 년 10 월 Section 1 1. A good doctor knows that knowledge about medicine

(A) idealism.. cynicism

will continue to ----- and that, therefore, formal

(B) individualism.. escapism

professional training can never be an ------- guide to

(C) sectarianism.. reck lessness

good practice.

(D) assertiveness.. ambition

(A) vary.. adaptable

(E) righteousness.. egalitarianism

답：(A)

(B) change.. absolute (C) ossify.. inflexible

5. Old age, even in cultures where it is -------, is often

(D) pertain.. invaluable (E) intensify.. obsolescent

viewed with -------. 답：(B)

(A) venerated.. ambivalence (B) rare.. surprise

2. Foucault's rejection of the concept of continuity in

(C) ignored.. condescension

Western thought, though radical, was not unique; he

(D) feared.. dismay

had ------- in the United States who, without

(E) honored.. respect

답：(A)

knowledge of his work, developed parallel ideas. (A) critics

6. Unlike the easily studied neutral and ionized

------

(B) counterparts

that compose the primary disk of the Milky Way itself,

(C) disciples

the components of the ------- surrounding our galaxy

(D) readers

have proved more resistant to study. 답：(B)

(E) publishers

(A) figments.. envelo pe (B) essences.. fluctuations

3. In retrospect. Gordon's students appreciated her -----

(C) elements.. problems

assignments, realizing that such assignments were

(D) calculations.. perimeter

specifically designed to ----- original thought rather

(E) materials.. region

답：(E)

than to review the content of her course. (A) didactic.. ingrain

7. Although normally -------, Alison felt so strongly about

(B) intimidating.. thwart

the issue that she put aside her reserve and spoke up at

(C) difficult.. discourage

the committee meeting.

(D) conventional.. explicate (E) enigmatic.. stimulate

(A) diffident 답：(E)

(B) contentious (C) facetious

4. In sharp contrast to the intense ------- of the young

(D) presumptuous

republic, with its utopian faith in democracy and hopes for

eternal

human

progress,

recent

(E) intrepid

developments

suggest a mood of almost unrelieved ------

3

답：(A)

Section 4

1. Contrary to the antiquated idea that the eighteenth

(A) honor

century was a ------- island of elegant assurance,

(B) repudiate

evidence reveals that life for most people was filled

(C) condone

with uncertainty and insecurity.

(D) placate

(A) clannish

(E) emulate

답：(B)

(B) declining (C) tranquil

5. Although ----- is usually thought to spring from regret

(D) recognized (E) sprawling

for having done something wrong, it may be that its 답：(C)

origin is the realization that one's own nature is irremediably ------.

2. The insecticide proved -------, by killing the weak

(A) contrition.. resilient

adults of a species, it assured that the strong ones woul d

(B) certitude.. confident

mate among themselves and produce offspring still

(C) skepticism.. innocent

more ------ to its effects.

(D) remorse.. flawed

(A) ineffective.. hostile

(E) resignation. frivolous

답：(D)

(B) cruel.. vulnerable (C) feasible.. susceptible

6. Numerous historical examples illustrate both the

(D) necessary.. immune (E) counterproductive.. resistant

overriding influence that scientists' ------ have on their 답：(E)

interpretation of data and the consequent -------of their intellectual objectivity.

3. Many industries are so ------ by the impact of

(A) prejudices.. impairment

government sanctions, equipment failure, and foreign

(B) instruments.. abandonment

competition that they are beginning to rely on industrial

(C) theories.. independence

psychologists to ------- what remains of employee

(D) conclusions.. coloration

morale.

(E) suppositions.. reinforcement

답：(A)

(A) estranged.. guard (B) beleaguered.. salvage

7. From the outset, the concept of freedom of the seas

(C) overruled.. undermine

from the proprietary claims of nations was challenged

(D) encouraged.. determine

by a contrary notion-that of the ------ of the oceans for

(E) restrained.. confirm

답：(B)

reasons of national security and profit. (A) promotion

4. Fashion is partly a search for a new language to

(B) exploration

discredit the old, a way in which each generation can

(C) surviving

------ its immediate predecessor and distinguish itself.

(D) conservation (E) enclosure

4

답：(E)

1993 년 2 월 Section 2

1. The corporation expects only ------- increases in sales

(A) lauded.. censure

next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing

(B) influenced.. analysis

business.

(C) simulated.. ambivalence

(A) unquestionable

(D) disparaged.. approbation

(B) sequential

(E) honored.. adulation

답：(D)

(C) modest (D) exaggerated (E) groundless

5. She writes across generational lines, making the past so 답：(C)

------- that our belief that the present is the true locus of experience is undermined.

2. No computer system is immune to a virus, a

(A) complex

particularly malicious program that is designed to

(B) distant

------- and electronically -------- the disks on which data

(C) vivid

are stored.

(D) mysterious

(A) prepare.. improve

(E) mundane

답：(C)

(B) restore.. disable (C) infect.. damage

6. Individual freedom of thought should be ------- more

(D) preserve.. secu re (E) invade.. repair

absolutely than individual freedom of action, given that 답：(C)

the latter, though also desirable, must be ------- the limits imposed by the rights and freedom of others.

3. Recent research indicates that a system of particles

(A) protected.. subject to

which has apparently decayed to randomness from

(B) assessed.. measured by

------- state can be returned to that state; thus the system

(C) valued.. superior to

exhibits a kind of memory of its ------- condition.

(D) exercised.. indifferent to

(A) an equilibrium.. lesser

(E) curtailed.. conscious of

답：(A)

(B) an ordered.. earlier (C) an unusual.. settled

7. Their ----- was expressed in quotidian behavior: they

(D) a chaotic.. last (E) a higher.. present

worshipped regularly, ---- all the regenerative processes 답：(B)

of nature respect, and even awe. (A) selflessness.. reserving to

4. A number of writers who once greatly ------- the

(B) moderation.. extending to

literary critic have recently recanted, substituting -------

(C) reverence.. exacting from

for their former criticism.

(D) piety.. according (E) serenity.. refusing

5

답：(D)

Section 5

1. My family often found others laughable, but I learned quite early to be

(A) intensification

- while people were present,

(B) authorization

laughing only later at what was funny and mocking

(C) centralization

what to us seemed

(D) improvisation

-

(A) polite.. bizarre

답：(E)

(E) elimination

(B) impatient.. unfortunat e (C) facetious.. enviable

5. The "impostor syndrome" often afflicts those who fear

(D) wistful.. extraordinary (E) superficial.. deplorable

that true self-disclosure will lower them in others' 답：(A)

esteem; rightly handled, however, ------- may actually ------ one's standing.

2. The technical know-how, if not the political -------

(A) willfulness.. consolidate

appears already at hand to feed the world's exploding

(B) imposture.. undermine

population and so to ----- at last the ancient scourges of

(C) affectation.. jeopardiz e

malnutrition and famine.

(D) candor. .enhance

(A) will.. weaken

답：(D)

(E) mimicry.. efface

(B) expertise.. artic ulate (C) doubt.. banish

6. The pungent verbal give-and-take among the characters

(D) power.. denounc e (E) commitment.. eradicate

makes the novel ------ reading, and this very ------답：(E)

suggests to me that some of the opinions voiced may be the author's.

3. In small farming communities, accident victims rarely

(A) disturbing.. flatness

sue or demand compensation: transforming a personal

(B) tedious.. inventiveness

injury into a ------- someone else is viewed as an

(C) lively.. spiritedness

attempt to ------- responsibility for one's own actions.

(D) necessary.. steadiness

(A) conspiracy against.. assume

답：(C)

(E) rewarding.. frivolousness

(B) claim against.. elude (C) boon for. .minimize

7. The fortresslike facade of the Museum of Cartoon Art

(D) distinction for.. shift

seems calculated to remind visitors that the comic strip

(E) trauma for.. proclaim

답：(B)

is an art form that has often been

by critics.

(A) charmed 4. Dominant interests often benefit most from ------- of

(B) assailed

governmental interference in business, since they are

(C) unnoticed

able to take care of themselves if left alone.

(D) exhilarated (E) overwhelmed

6

답：(B)

1993 년 4 월 Section 2

(A) spectacular.. conventional (B) blundering.. artistic (C) marginal.. inept

1. The fact that a theory is ------- does not necessarily

(D) steady.. .accomplished

------- its scientific truth, which must be established by

(E) dazzling.. unskilled

답：(D)

unbiased controlled studies. (A) plausible.. ensure

5. Even though political editorializing was not -------

(B) popular.. limit

under the new regime, journalists still experienced -----,

(C) venerable.. override

though perceptible, governmental pressure to limit

(D) cohesive. Undermine

dissent.

(E) cumbersome.. alleviate

답：(A)

(A) restricted.. clear (B) encouraged.. strong

2. It is difficult to distinguish between the things that

(C) forbidden.. discreet

charismatic figures do ------- and those that are

(D) commended.. overt

carefully contrived for effect.

(E) permitted.. regular

답：(C)

(A) formally (B) publicly

6. The trick for Michael was to ----- his son an illusory

(C) prolifically

orderliness; only alone at night, when the boy was

(D) spontaneously

asleep, could Michael ----- the chaos he kept hidden

(E) willfully

답：(D)

from his son. (A) explore with.. demonstrate

3. The development of containers, possibly made from

(B) conjure for.. acknowledge

bark or the skins of animals, although this is a matter of

(C) conceal from.. dispel

-------, allowed the extensive sharing of forage foods in

(D) demystify for.. esca pe

prehistoric human societies.

(E) endure with.. abandon

답：(B)

(A) record (B) fact

7. The ------- costumes of Renaissance Italy, with their

(C) degree

gold and silver embroidery and figured brocades, were

(D) importance

the antithesis of Spanish -------, with its dark muted

(E) conjecture

답：(E)

colors, plain short capes, and high collars edged with small ruffs.

(A) striking.. obliqu eness

4. Although the young violinist's ------- performance, with the orchestra demonstrated his technical competence,

(B) extravagant.. profligacy

his uninspired style and lack of interpretive maturity

(C) austere.. informality

labeled him as a novice musician rather than as a truly -

(D) unpretentious.. asceticism

------ performer.

(E) sumptuous.. sobriety

7

답： (E)

Section 5

1. The academic education offered to university students

(A) echoes.. agreed on

is essential and must not be -------, but that does not

(B) precludes.. under consideration

mean universities should -------- the extracurricular, yet

(C) reflects.. in d ispute

still important, aspects of university life.

(D) obviates.. in doubt

(A) impeded.. promote

(E) encourages. Confirmed

답：(C)

(B) debated.. victi mize (C) protected.. broade n

5. For someone as ------- as she, who preferred to speak

(D) maximized.. continue

only when absolutely necessary. his relentless chatter 답：(E)

(E) compromised. neglect

was completely -------. (A) ingenuous.. ignorant

2. To understand fully the impact of global warming on the

environment,

one

must

recognize

that

(B) curt.. enchanting

the

(C) cheerful. Idle

components of the problem are -------- and, therefore, a

(D) laconic.. maddening

change in any one component will ------ the others.

(E) forward.. pointless

답：(D)

(A) distinct.. influence (B) unique.. clarify

6. Future generations will probably consider current

(C) linked.. affect

speculations about humanity's place in the universe to

(D) cyclical.. negat e

be ------- omissions and errors; even rigorous scientific

(E) growing.. exacerbate

답：(C)

views change, sometimes overnight. (A) immune from

3. Although the Impressionist painters appeared to earlier

(B) marred by

art historians to be ------- in their methods, recent

(C) uncorrupted by

analyses of their brushwork suggest the contrary that, in

(D) correct despite

fact, their technique was quite -------

(E) abridged by

답：(B)

(A) unstudied.. sophisticated (B) idiosyncratic.. effective

7. Marshal Philippe Petain, unlike any other French

(C) eclectic.. naï ve

citizen of this century, has been, paradoxically, the

(D) lax.. fashionable

object of both great veneration and great -------

(E) careless.. unpremeditated

답：(A)

(A) reverence (B) interest

4. Increased governmental alarm about global warming

(C) empathy

----- the concerti among scientists that such warming is

(D) contempt

occurring, though when to expect major effects is still

(E) praise

-------.

8

답：(D)

1993 년 10 월

4. Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very

Section 2

recently, been regarded merely as ------- fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers. (A) a controversial

1. In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional

(B) a statistical

integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been -------

(C) an analytical

without loss from primeval times to the present

(D) an explicit

practitioner.

(E) an unimpeachable

답：(B)

(A) conventionalized (B) realized

5. All ------- biological traits fall into one of two

(C) transmitted

categories: those giving their possessors greater -------

(D) manipulated

the environment and those rendering them more 답：(C)

(E) aggrandized

independent of it. (A) widespread.. detachment from

2. Although skeptics say financial problems will probably ---------

our

establishing

a

base

on

the

(B) beneficial.. control over

Moon.

(C) successful.. freedom f rom

Supporters of the project remain ------, saying that

(D) neutral.. compatibility with

human curiosity should overcome such pragmatic

(E) harmful.. advantage in

답：(B)

constraints. (A) beset.. disillusioned

6. One of archaeology's central dilemmas is how to

(B) hasten.. hopeful

reconstruct the ------- of complex ancient societies from

(C) postpone.. pessimistic

meager and often ------- physical evidence.

(D) prevent.. enthusiastic (E) allow.. unconvinced

(A) riddles.. obso lete 답：(D)

(B) details.. irrefutable (C) intricacies.. equivocal

3. Before the Second World War, academics still

(D) patterns.. flawless

questioned whether the body of literature produced in

(E) configurations.. explicit

답：(C)

the United States truly ------- a ------- literature, or whether such literature was only a provincial branch of

7. Just as the authors' book on eels is often a key text for

English literature.

courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on

(A) symbolized.. local

animal development and phylogeny ------- teaching in

(B) constituted.. natio nal

this area.

(C) defined.. historical

(A) prevent

(D) outlined.. good

(B) defy

(E) captured.. meaningful

답：(B)

(C) replicate (D) inform (E) use

9

답： (D)

Section 5

1. In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional

(A) a controversial

integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been -------

(B) a statistical

without loss from primeval times to the present

(C) an analytical

practitioner.

(D) an explicit

(A) conventionalized

(E) an unimpeachable

답：(B)

(B) realized (C) transmitted

5. All ------- biological traits fall into one of two

(D) manipulated

categories: those giving their possessors greater ------답：(C)

(E) aggrandized

the environment and those rendering them more independent of it.

2. Although skeptics say financial problems will probably ---------

our

establishing

a

base

on

the

(A) widespread.. detachment from

Moon.

(B) beneficial.. control over

Supporters of the project remain ------, saying that

(C) successful.. freedom f rom

human curiosity should overcome such pragmatic

(D) neutral.. compatibility with

constraints.

(E) harmful.. advantage in

답：(B)

(A) beset.. disillusioned (B) hasten.. hopeful

6. One of archaeology's central dilemmas is how to

(C) postpone.. pessimistic

reconstruct the ------- of complex ancient societies from

(D) prevent.. enthusiastic

meager and often ------- physical evidence.

(E) allow.. unconvinced

답：(D)

(A) riddles.. obso lete (B) details.. irrefutable

3. Before the Second World War, academics still

(C) intricacies.. equivocal

questioned whether the body of literature produced in

(D) patterns.. flawless

the United States truly ------- a ------- literature, or

(E) configurations.. explicit

답：(C)

whether such literature was only a provincial branch of English literature.

7. Just as the authors' book on eels is often a key text for

(A) symbolized.. local

courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on

(B) constituted.. natio nal

animal development and phylogeny ------- teaching in

(C) defined.. historical

this area.

(D) outlined.. good (E) captured.. meaningful

(A) prevent 답：(B)

(B) defy (C) replicate

4. Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by

(D) inform

women than by men, but this dominance has, until very

(E) use

recently, been regarded merely as ------- fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.

10

답：(D)

1994 년 2 월 4. Calculus, though still indispensable to science and

Section 1

technology, is no longer ----- ; it has an equal partner called discrete mathematics.

1. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular

(A) preeminent

literary trends continue to dominate the publishing

(B) pertinent

market, the initial publication of new writers will

(C) beneficial

depend on the writers' willingness to ------- popular

(D) essential

tastes.

(E) pragmatic

답 : (A)

(A) struggle against (B) cater to

5. Demonstrating a mastery of innuendo, he issued several

(C) admire

----- insults in the course of the evening's conversation.

(D) flout (E) elude

(A) blunt 답 : (B)

(B) boisterous (C) fallacious

2. Candidates who oppose the present state income tax

(D) veiled

must be able to propose ----- ways to ---- the financing

(E) embellished

답 : (D)

of state operations. (A) intelligent.. initiate

6. The ----- of gamblers' unsuccessful decision strategies

(B) individual.. diversify

is one ----- of the illusions built into games of chance in

(C) innovative.. alleviate

order to misguide players and take their money.

(D) arbitrary.. maintain (E) alternate.. continue

(A) distortion.. outcome 답 : (E)

(B) restriction.. result (C) maintenance.. function

3. Although strong legal remedies for nonpayment of

(D) prediction.. accomplishment

child support are ---- , the delay and expense associated

(E) demonstration.. prerequisite

답 : (C)

with these remedies make it ------- to develop other options.

7. The natures of social history and lyric poetry are ------ ,

(A) unpopular.. useful

social history always recounting the ------- and lyric

(B) required.. impossible

poetry speaking for unchanging human nature, that

(C) available.. imperative

timeless essence beyond fashion and economics.

(D) unavailing.. impractical (E) nonexistent.. ridiculous

(A) predetermined.. bygone 답 : (C)

(B) antithetical.. evanescent (C) interdependent.. unnoticed (D) irreconcilable.. unalterable (E) indistinguishable.. transitory

11

답 : (B)

Section 4 1. Exposure to low-intensity gamma radiation slows the

(A) impressive.. inaccurate

rate of growth of the spoilage microorganisms in food

(B) realistic.. detailed

in much the same way that the low heat used in

(C) traditional.. progressive

pasteurization

(D) precise.. inexact

-------

the

spoilage

action

of

the

microorganisms in milk.

(E) distinctive.. sophisticated

답 : (D)

(A) precludes (B) initiates

5. Experienced and proficient, Susan is a good, ------

(C) inhibits

trumpeter her music is often more satisfying than

(D) isolates

Carol's brilliant but ------- playing. 답 : (C)

(E) purifies

(A) virtuoso.. inimitable (B) mediocre.. eccentric

2. In today's world, manufacturers' innovations are easily

(C) competent.. influential

copied and thus differences between products are

(D) amateur.. renowned

usually -------; advertisers, therefore, are forced to ------

(E) reliable.. erratic

답 : (E)

these differences in order to suggest the uniqueness of their clients' products.

6. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this

(A) crucial.. downplay

forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly

(B) minimal.. reduce

stands out as --------

(C) slight.. exaggerate

(A) a paradigm

(D) common.. emphasize

(B) a misnomer 답 : (C)

(E) intrinsic.. create

(C) a profundity (D) an inaccuracy.

3. To avoid annihilation by parasites, some caterpillars are

(E) an anomaly

답 : (E)

able to ----- periods of active growth by prematurely entering a dormant state, which is characterized by the

7. Marshall's confrontational style could alienate almost

-------- of feeding.

anyone: he even antagonized a board of directors that

(A) curtail.. suspension

included a number of his supporters and that had a

(B) foster.. continuation

reputation for not being easily ------

(C) prevent.. stimulation

(A) intimidated

(D) mediate.. synthesis

(B) mollified 답 : (A)

(E) invert.. simulation

(C) reconciled (D) provoked

4. Prior to the work of Heckel, illustrations of fish were

(E) motivated

often beautiful but rarely -------; this fact, combined with

the

----

nature

of

most

nineteenth-century

taxonomic descriptions, often kept scientists from recognizing differences between species.

12

답 : (D)

1994 년 4 월 Section 1 (A) different.. disconnected 1. Paradoxically, England's colonization of North America

(B) incompetent.. abysmal

was ----- by its success: the increasing prosperity of the

(C) famous.. famous.. systema tic

colonies diminished their dependence upon, and hence

(D) mediocre.. unexciting

their loyalty to, their home country.

(E) (E) various.. coherent

답 ：(A)

(A) demonstrated (B) determined

5. Although some consider forcefulness and ------- to be

(C) altered

two traits desirable to the same degree, I think that

(D) undermined

making a violent effort is much less useful than 답： (D)

(E) (E) distinguished

maintaining a steady one. (A) promptness

2. Although Harry, Stack Sullivan is one of the most

(B) persistence

influential social scientists of this century, his ideas are

(C) aggression

now so ----- in our society that they seem almost

(D) skillfulness

--------

(E) (E) lucidity

(B ) 답： (B)

(A) novel.. antiquated (B) revolutiona revolutionary.. ry.. fundamental

6. The popularity of pseudoscience and quack medicines

(C) commonplace commonplace .. banal

in the nineteenth century suggests that people were very

(D) disputed.. esoteric

----- but the gullibility of the public today makes

(E) (E)

답： (C)

obscure.. familiar

citizens of yesterday look like hard-nosed ------(A) cautious.. cautious.. educa tors

3. Her first concert appearance was disappointingly perfunctory

and

derivative,

rather

than

(B) sophisticated.. realists

the--------

(C) rational.. pragmatists

performance in the -------style we had anticipated.

(D) naive.. idealists

(A) talented.. tenuous

(E) (E) credulous.. skeptics

답：(E)

(B) prosaic.. classic (C) artistic.. mechanical

7. Though extremely ------ about his own plans, the man

(D) inspired.. innovative

allowed his associates no such privacy and was

(E) (E) literal.. enlightened

답：(D)

constantly ------- information about what they intended to do next.

4. As is often the case with collections collections of lectures by ------

(A) idiosyncratic .. altering

authors, the book as a whole is ------, although the

(B) guarded.. guarded.. eschew ing

individual contributions are outstanding in themselves.

(C) candid.. uncovering (D) reticent. . soliciting (E) (E) fastidious.. ruining

13

답： (D)

Section 4

1. Having sufficient income of her own constituted for

(A) causality.. experimentation

Alice _____ independence that made possible a degree

(B) empiricism.. facts

of _____ in her emotional life as well.

(C) objectivity.. preconceptions

(A) a material.. security

(D) creativity.. observation

(B) a profound.. conformity

(E) (E) conservatism.. assumptions

답：(C)

(C) a financial.. economy (D) a psychological.. psychological.. extravagance

5. James had idolized the professor so much for so long 답：(A)

(E) (E) an unexpected.. uncertainty

that even after lunching with her several times he remained quite ______ in her presence, and as a result,

2. Copyright and patent laws attempt to encourage

he could not really be himself.

innovation by ensuring that inventors are paid for

(A) pleased

creative, so it would be_______ if expanded protection

(B) disregarded

under

(C) heartened

these

laws

discouraged

entrepreneurial

innovation by increasing fears of lawsuits.

(D) relaxed

(A) desirable

(E) (E) inhibited

(E) 답：(E)

(B) coincidental (C) ironic

6. However _____ they might be, Roman poets were

(D) natural

bound to have some favorite earlier author whom they (C) 답：(C)

(E) (E) sensible

would would __ ___ (A) subservient.. subservient.. imitat e

3. Unfortunately, since courses in nutrition are often _______

medical

school

curriculums.

a

(B) independent .. inspire

family

(C) original.. original.. emulat e

physician is __________ to be an enlightening source

(D) creative.. admire

of general information about diet.

(E) (E) talented.. neglect

(C) 답：(C)

(A) questioned by.. encouraged (B) encountered among.. unable

7. Human nature and long distances have made exceeding

(C) unappreciated by.. expected

the speed limit a ____ tradition in the state, so the

(D) neglected in.. unlikely

legislators surprised no one when, acceding to public

(E) (E) squeezed into.. intended

답：(D)

practice, they _____ increased penalties for speeding. (A) disquieting.. endorsed

4. The success of science is due in great part to its

(B) long-standing.. considered

emphasis on ________ : the reliance on evidence rather

(C) controversial.. suggested

than _______ and the willingness to draw conclusions

(D) cherished.. rejected

even when they conflict with traditional beliefs.

(E) (E) hallowed.. investigated

14

답：(D)

1994 년 10 월

4. Roman historians who study the period 30 B.C. to A.D. 180 can ------- the "Augustan peace" only by failing to

Section 1

recognize that this peace in many respects resembled that of death. (A) decry

1.

Though

environmentalists

have

targeted

some

(B) applaud

herbicides as potentially dangerous, the manufacturers,

(C) ridicule

to the environmentalists' dismay, ------ the use of these

(D) demand

herbicides on lawns.

(E) (E) disprove

답：(B)

(A) defy (B) defer

5. Although Tom was aware that it would be ------ to

(C) defend

display annoyance publicly at the sales conference, he

(D) assail

could not -------- his irritation with the client's

(E) (E) disparage

(C) 답：(C)

unreasonable demands. (A) inadvisable.. inadvisable.. evince

2. To believe that a culture's achievement can be measured

(B) efficacious.. suppress

by the ------- of its written material requires one to

(C) pragmatic.. counter

accept that a page of junk mail is as ------- as a page of

(D) captious.. express

great literature.

(E) (E) impolitic.. hide

답：(E)

(A) nature.. readable (B) quality.. prevalent

6. It is no accident that most people find Davis' book

(C) timelessness.. understandable

disturbing, for it is ------ to undermine a number beliefs

(D) applicability.. eloquent

they have long ------- .

(E) (E) volume.. valuable

(E) 답：(E)

(A) calculated.. cherished (B) annotated.. assimilated

3. Given the failure of independent laboratories to

(C) intended.. denied

replicate the results of Dr. Johnson's experiment, only

(D) anxious.. misunderstood

the most ------- supporters of her hypothesis would be

(E) (E) reputed.. anticipated

답：(A)

foolish enough to claim that it had been adequately -------

7. One virus strain that may help gene therapists cure

(A) fastidious.. defined

genetic brain diseases can enter the peripheral nervous

(B) partisan.. verified

system and travel to the brain, ------- the need to inject

(C) vigilant.. publicized

the therapeutic virus directly into the brain.

(D) enlightened.. researched (E) (E) fervent.. undermined

(A) suggesting 답：(B)

(B) intensifying (C) elucidating (D) satisfying (E) (E) obviating

15

(E) 답：(E)

Section 4

1. Artificial light _______ the respiratory activity of some

(A) scarred by.. vitriolic

microorganisms in the winter but not in the summer, in

(B) dominated by.. inti mate

part because in the summer their respiration is already

(C) filled with.. truculent

at its peak and thus cannot be _______ .

(D) replete with.. competitive

(A) stimulates.. lessened

(E) devoid of.. tolerant

답：(B)

(B) inhibits.. quickened (C) reflects.. expanded

5. Because they have been so dazzled by the calendars

(D) elevates.. measured (E) enhances.. increased

and the knowledge of astronomy possessed by the 답：(E)

Mayan civilization, some anthropologists have ------achievements like the sophisticated carved calendar

2. Doreen justifiably felt she deserved recognition for the

sticks of the Winnebago people.

fact that the research institute had been _____ a

(A) described

position of preeminence, since it was she who had

(B) acknowledged

______ the transformation.

(C) overlooked

(A) reduced to.. controlled

(D) defended

(B) raised to.. observed

(E) authenticated

답：(C)

(C) mired in.. imagined (D) maintained in.. created (E) returned to.. directed

6. Aptly enough, this work so imbued with the notion of 답：(E)

changing times and styles has been constantly _______ over the years, thereby reflecting its own mutability.

3. The prospects of discovering new aspects of the life of

(A) appreciated

a painter as thoroughly studied as Vermeer are not, on

(B) emulated

the surface_______ .

(C) criticized

(A) unpromising

(D) revised

(B) daunting

(E) reprinted

답：(D)

(C) encouraging (D) superficial (E) challenging

7. The sea was not an ______ the _____ of the windmill; 답：(C)

on the contrary, while the concept of the new invention passed quickly from seaport to seaport, it made little

4. Even those siblings whose childhood was -------

headway inland.

familial feuding and intense rivalry for their parents'

(A) element in.. evolution

affection can nevertheless develop congenial and even

(B) issue in . . acceptance

----------- relationships with each other in their adult

(C) aid to.. designers

lives.

(D) obstacle to.. diffusion (E) impediment to.. creation

16

답：(D)

최신기출 1 (95/4)

4. Though ---- in her personal life, Edna St. Vincent Millay was nonetheless ---- about her work, usually

Section 1

producing several pages of complicated rhyme in a day. (A) jaded.. feckless

1.A computer program can provide information in ways

(B) verbose.. ascetic

that force students to --- learning instead of being

(C) vain.. humble

merely ---- of knowledge.

(D) impulsive.. disciplined

(A) shore up .. reservoirs

(E) self-assured.. sanguine

(B) accede to .. consumers (C) participate in .. recipients

5. The children's ---- natures were in sharp contrast

(D) compensate for.. custodians

to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.

(E) profit from .. beneficiaries

(A) mercurial (B) blithe

2. The form and physiology of leaves vary according to

(C) phlegmatic

the ---- in which they develop: for example, leaves

(D) introverted

display a wide range of adaptations to different

(E) artless

degrees of light and moisture. (A) relationship

6. By ---- scientific rigor with a quantitative approach,

(B) species

researchers in the social sciences may often have ---

(C) sequence

their scope to those narrowly circumscribed topics that

(D) patterns

are well suited to quantitative methods.

(E) environment

(A) undermining.. diminished (B) equating.. enlarged

3. One theory about intelligence sees ---- as the

(C) vitiating.. expanded

logical structure underlying thinking and insists that

(D) identifying.. limited

since animals are mute, they must be ---- as well.

(E) imbuing.. broadened

(A) behavior.. inactive (B) instinct.. cooperative

7. As early as the seventeenth century, philosophers

(C) heredity.. thoughtful

called attention to the ---- character of the issue,

(D) adaptation.. brutal

and their twentieth-century counterparts still approach

(E) language.. mindless

it with ----. (A) absorbing.. indifference (B) unusual.. composure (C) complex.. antipathy (D) auspicious.. caution (E) problematic.. uneasiness

17

Section 4

1. Since most if not all learning occurs through----,

4. The author argues for serious treatment of such arts

relating one observation to another, it would be

as crochet and needlework, finding in too many art

strange indeed if the study of other cultures did not

historians a cultural blindness --- to their ----

also illuminate the study of our own.

textiles as a medium in which women artists pre-

(A) assumptions

dominate.

(B) experiments

(A) traceable.. prejudice against

(C) comparisons

(B) opposed.. distrust of

(D) repetitions

(C) referring.. need for

(E) impressions

(D) reduced.. respect for (E) corresponding.. expertise in

2. The new ---- of knowledge has created ---5. Those who fear the influence of television deliberately

people: everyone believes that his or her subject

------ its persuasive power, hoping that they

cannot and possibly should not be understood by

might keep knowledge of its potential to effect social

others.

change from being widely disseminated.

(A) specialization.. barriers between

(A) promote

(B) decline.. associations among

(B) underplay

(C) redundancy.. complacency in

(C) excuse

(D) disrepute.. concern for

(D) laud (E) suspect

(E) promulgation.. ignorance among

6. Because the high seriousness of their narratives 3. If a species of parasite is to survive, the host organ-

resulted in part from their metaphysics, Southern

isms must live long enough for the parasite to

writers were praised for their ---- bent.

---- ; if the host species becomes----, so do its

(A) technical (B) discursive

parasites.

(C) hedonistic

(A) atrophy.. healthy

(D) philosophical

(B) reproduce.. extinct

(E) scientific

(C) disappear.. widespread 7. Far from being ----, Pat was always ---- to

(D) succumb.. nonviable

appear acquiescent.

(E) mate.. infertile

(A) unctuous.. loath (B) brazen.. reluctant (C) ignoble.. concerned (D) obsequious.. eager (E) gregarious.. willing

18

4. The President reached a decision only after lengthy

최신기출 2 (95/10)

------, painstakingly weighing the ----opinions expressed by cabinet members.

Section 2

(A) deliberation.. divergent (B) confrontation.. unanimous (C) relegation.. consistent

1. Though ---- to some degree, telling a small lie

(D) speculation.. conciliatory

sometimes enables one to avoid ---- another's

(E) canvassing.. arbitrary

feelings. (A) necessary.. mollifying

5. Although just barely ---- as a writer of lucid prose,

(B) regrettable.. harming

Jones was an extremely ---- editor who worked

(C) unfortunate.. exaggerating

superbly with other writers in helping them improve

(D) attractive.. considering

the clarity of their writing.

(E) difficult. . resisting

(A) deficient.. muddling (B) proficient.. contentious

2. Perhaps because scientists have been so intrigued by

(C) adequate.. capable

dogs' superior senses of smell and hearing, researchers

(D) appalling.. competent

have long ---- their eyesight, assuming that they

(E) engaging.. inept

inhabit a drab, black-and-white world, devoid of color.

6. The accusations we bring against others should be

(A) studied

---- ourselves; they should not ---- complacency

(B) coveted

and easy judgments on our part concerning our own

(C) appreciated

moral conduct.

(D) resented

(A) definitions of.. produce

(E) underestimated

(B) instructions to.. equate (C) denigrations of.. exclude

3. Despite a string of dismal earnings reports, the

(D) warnings to.. justify

two-year-old strategy to return the company to

(E) parodies of.. satirize

profitability is beginning to ----. (A) falter

7. Although the meanings of words may necessarily be

(B) disappoint

liable to change, it does not follow that the lexicog-

(C) compete

rapher is therefore unable to render spelling, in a

(D) work

great measure, ----.

(E) circulate

(A) arbitrary (B) superfluous (C) interesting (D) flexible (E) constant

19

Section 6

4. Before adapting to changes in values, many prefer to ----, to ---- the universally agreed-on principles that have been upheld for centuries.

1. Some activists believe that because the health-care

(A) innovate .. protect

system has become increasingly---- to those it

(B) resist ..defend

serves, individuals must ---- bureaucratic impedi-

(C) ponder .. subvert

ments in order to develop and promote new therapies.

(D) vacillate ..publicize

(A) attuned.. avoid

(E) revert .. ignore

(B) inimical.. utilize (C) unresponsive ..circumvent

5. Although the records of colonial New England are

(D) indifferent.. supplement

---- in comparison with those available in France

(E) sensitized.. forsake

or England, the records of other English colonies in America are even more ----.

2. The acts of vandalism that these pranksters had

(A) sporadic .. irrefutable

actually ---- were insignificant compared with those

(B) sparse.. incontrovertible

they had ---- but had not attempted.

(C) ambiguous. . authoritative

(A) hidden .. renounced

(D) sketchy.. fragmentary

(B) advocated .. meditated

(E) puzzling .. unquestionable

(C) inflicted .. dismissed (D) committed .. effected

6. High software prices are frequently said to -------

(E) perpetrated .. contemplated

widespread illegal copying, although the opposite --- that high prices are the cause of the copying -- is

3. Though one cannot say that Michelangelo was an

equally plausible.

impractical designer, he was, of all nonprofessional

(A) contribute to

architects known, the most ---- in that he was the

(B) result from

least constrained by tradition or precedent.

(C) correlate with

(A) pragmatic

(D) explain

(B) adventurous

(E) precede

(C) empirical (D) skilled

7. Because early United States writers thought that the

(E) learned

mark of great literature was grandiosity and elegance not to be found in common speech, they ---- the vernacular. (A) dissected (B) avoided (C) misunderstood (D) investigated (E) exploited

20

최신기출 3 (96/4A)

4. The documentary film about high school life was so realistic and ---- that feelings of nostalgia flooded

Section 3

over the college-age audience. (A) logical (B) pitiful

1. It is assumed that scientists will avoid making ----

(C) evocative

claims about the results of their experiments because

(D) critical

of the likelihood that they will be exposed when

(E) clinical

other researchers cannot ---- their findings. (A) hypothetical.. evaluate

5. Although Georgia O'Keeffe is best known for her

(B) fraudulent.. duplicate

affinity with the desert landscape, her paintings of

(C) verifiable.. contradict

urban subjects ---- her longtime residency in New

(D) radical.. contest

York City.

(E) extravagant.. dispute

(A) condemn (B) obfuscate

2. As long as the nuclear family is ---- a larger kinship

(C) attest to

group through contiguous residence on undivided

(D) conflict with

land, the pressure to ---- and thus to get along with

(E) contend with

relatives is strong. (A) nurtured among.. abstain

6. Even though the survey was designated as an inter-

(B) excluded from.. compromise

disciplinary course, it involved no real ---- of

(C) embedded in .. share

subject matter.

(D) scattered throughout.. reject

(A) encapsulation

(E) accepted by .. lead

(B) organization (C) synthesis

3. In contrast to the substantial muscular activity

(D) discussion

required for inhalation, exhalation is usually a ----

(E) verification

process. (A) slow

7. The failure of many psychotherapists to ---- the

(B) passive

results of pioneering research could be due in part to

(C) precise

the specialized nature of such findings: even ----

(D) complex

findings may not be useful.

(E) conscious

(A) understand.. baffling (B) envision.. accessible (C) utilize.. momentous (D) reproduce.. duplicated (E) affirm.. controversial

21

Section 7

4. The value of Davis' sociological research is compromised by his unscrupulous tendency to use materials---- in order to substantiate his own

1.

In

the

nineteenth

century,

novelists

and

claims, while ---- information that points to other

unsympathetic travelers portrayed the American

possible conclusions.

West as a land of ---- adversity, whereas promoters

(A) haphazardly.. deploying

and idealists created ---- image of a land of

(B) selectively.. disregarding

infinite promise.

(C) cleverly.. weighing

(A) lurid.. a mundane

(D) modestly.. refuting

(B) incredible.. an underplayed

(E) arbitrarily.. emphasizing

(C) dispiriting.. an identical (D) intriguing.. a luxuriant

5. Once Renaissance painters discovered how to ----

(E) unremitting.. a compelling

volume and depth, they were able to replace the medieval convention of symbolic, two-dimensional

2. Honeybees tend to be more ---- than earth bees:

space with the more ---- illusion of actual space.

the former, unlike the latter, search for food together

(A) reverse.. conventional

and signal their individual findings to one another.

(B) portray.. abstract

(A) insular

(C) deny.. concrete

(B) aggressive

(D) adumbrate.. fragmented

(C) differentiated

(E) render.. realistic

(D) mobile (E) social

6. He had expected gratitude for his disclosure, but instead he encountered ---- bordering on hostility.

3. Joe spoke of superfluous and ---- matters with

(A) patience

exactly the same degree of intensity, as though for

(B) discretion

him serious issues mattered neither more nor less

(C) openness

than did ----.

(D) ineptitude

(A) vital.. trivialities

(E) indifference

(B) redundant.. superficialities (C) important.. necessities

7. The diplomat, selected for her demonstrated patience

(D) impractical.. outcomes

and skill in conducting such delicate negotiations,

(E) humdrum.. essentials

---- to make a decision during the talks because any sudden commitment at that time would have been ---. (A) resolved.. detrimental (B) refused.. apropos (C) declined.. inopportune (D) struggled.. unconscionable (E) hesitated.. warranted

22

최신기출 4 (96/10)

4. Unlike many recent interpretations of Beethoven's piano sonatas, the recitalist's performance was a

Section 1

delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless, it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite ----. (A) appealing

1. Because the monkeys under study are ---- the

(B) exuberant

presence of human beings, they typically ----

(C) idiosyncratic

human observers and go about their business

(D) unskilled

(A) ambivalent about .. welcome

(E) controlled

(B) habituated to .. disregard (C) pleased with .. snub

5. Species with relatively ---- metabolic rates, including

(D) inhibited by .. seek

hibernators, generally live longer than those whose

(E) unaware of .. avoid

metabolic rates are more rapid. (A) prolific

2. Give he previously expressed interest and the

(B) sedentary

ambitious tone of her recent speeches, the senator's

(C) sluggish

attempt to convince the public that she is not inter-

(D) measured

ested in running for a second term is ----.

(E) restive

(A) laudable (B) likely

6. Belying his earlier reputation for ---- as a negotiator,

(C) authentic

Morgan had recently assumed a more ---- stance

(D) futile

for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him.

(E) sincere

(A) intransigence.. conciliatory (B) impropriety.. intolerant

3. Many of her followers remain ---- to her, and

(C) inflexibility.. unreasonable

even those who have rejected her leadership are

(D) success.. authoritative

unconvinced of the ---- of replacing her during

(E) incompetence.. combative

the current turmoil. (A) opposed.. urgency

7. Although Irish literature continued to flourish after

(B) friendly.. harm

the sixteenth century, a ---- tradition is ----

(C) loyal.. wisdom

in the visual arts: we think about Irish culture in terms of

(D) cool.. usefulness

the word, not in terms of pictorial images.

(E) sympathetic.. disadvantage

(A) rich.. superfluous (B) lively.. found (C) comparable.. absent (D) forgotten.. apparent (E) lost.. extant

23

Section 4

4. Although Simpson was ingenious at ---- to appear innovative and spontaneous, beneath the ruse he remained uninspired and rigid in his approach to

1. Although sales have continued to increase since last

problem-solving.

April, unfortunately the rate of increase has ----.

(A) intending

(A) resurged

(B) contriving

(B) capitulated

(C) forbearing

(C) retaliated

(D) declining

(D) persevered

(E) deserving

(E) decelerated 5. She was criticized by her fellow lawyers not because 2. Although the mental process that creates a fresh and

she was not ----, but because she so ---- pre-

original poem or drama is doubtless ---- that which

pared her cases that she failed to bring the expected

originates and elaborates scientific discoveries, there

number to trial.

is clearly a discernible difference between the crea-

(A) well versed.. knowledgeably

tors

(B) well trained.. enthusiastically

(A) peripheral to

(C) congenial.. rapidly

(B) contiguous with

(D) hardworking.. minutely

(C) opposed to

(E) astute.. efficiently

(D) analogous to (E) inconsistent with

6. Schlesinger has recently assumed a conciliatory attitude that is not ---- by his colleagues, who con-

3. It is disappointing to note that the latest edition of

tinue to ---- compromise.

the bibliography belies its long-standing reputation

(A) eschewed.. dread

for ---- by ---- some significant references to

(B) shared.. defend

recent publications.

(C) questioned.. reject

(A) imprecision.. appropriating

(D) understood.. advocate

(B) relevance.. adding

(E) commended.. disparage

(C) timeliness.. updating (D) meticulousness.. revising

7. The National Archives contain information so ----

(E) exhaustiveness.. omitting

that researchers have been known never to publish because they cannot bear to bring their studies to an end. (A) divisive (B) seductive (C) selective (D) repetitive (E) resourceful

24

4. Doors were closing on our past, and soon the values

최신기출 5 (97/4)

we had lived by would become so obsolete that we would seem to people of the new age as ----as

Section 1

travelers from an ancient land. (A) elegant (B) ambitious

1. We first became aware that her support for the new

(C) interesting

program was less than---- when she declined to

(D) comfortable

make a speech in its favor.

(E) quaint

(A) qualified (B) haphazard

5. Ability to ---- is the test of the perceptive historian,

(C) fleeting

a history, after all, consists not only of what the

(D) unwarranted

historian has included, but also, in some sense, of

(E) wholehearted

what has been left out. (A) defer

2. When a person suddenly loses consciousness, a

(B) select

bystander is not expected to ---- the problem but to

(C) confer

attempt to ---- its effects by starting vital functions

(D) devise

if they are absent

(E) reflect

(A) cure.. precipitate (B) minimize.. predict

6. Some artists immodestly idealize or exaggerate the

(C) determine.. detect

significance of their work; yet others, ---- to exalt

(D) diagnose.. counter

the role of the artist, reject a transcendent view of art

(E) magnify.. evaluate

(A) appearing (B) disdaining

3. The remark was only slightly ----, inviting a

(C) seeking

chuckle, perhaps, but certainly not a ----.

(D) failing

(A) audible.. reward

(E) tending

(B) hostile.. shrug (C) amusing.. rebuke

7. Estimating the risks of radiation escaping from a

(D) coherent.. reaction

nuclear power plant is ---- question, but one whose

(E) humorous.. guffaw

answer then becomes part of a value-laden, emotionally charged policy debate about whether to construct such a plant. (A) an incomprehensible (B) an undefined (C) an irresponsible (D) a divisive (E) a technical 25

Section 5 4. Although they were not direct------,the new arts of the Classical period were clearly created in the spirit 1. Because modern scientists find the ancient Greek

of older Roman models and thus------many features

view of the cosmos outdated and irrelevant, they

of the older style.

now perceive it as only of --------- interest.

(A) impressions .. introduced

(A) historical

(B) translations .. accentuated

(B) intrinsic

(C) copies .. maintained

(C) astronomical

(D) masterpieces .. depicted

(D) experimental

(E) borrowings .. improvised

(E) superfluous 5. In spite of the increasing--------of their opinions, the 2. Religious philosopher that he was. Henry More

group knew they had to arrive at a consensus so that

derived his conception of an infinite universe from

the award could be presented

the Infinite God in whom he believed, a benevolent

(A) impartiality

God of -------whose nature was to create---------

(B) consistency

(A) plenitude ..abundance

(C) judiciousness

(B) vengeance .. justice

(D) incisiveness

(C) indifference .. suffering

(E) polarity

(D) indulgence .. temperance (E) rectitude .. havoc

6. By forcing our surrender to the authority of the clock systematic timekeeping has imposed a form of-------

3. While some argue that imposing tolls on highway

on society.

users circumvents the need to raise public taxes

(A) anarchy

for road maintenance, the phenomenal expense of

(B) permanence

maintaining a vast network of roads------reliance

(C) provincialism

on these general taxes.

(D) tyranny

(A) avoids

(E) autonomy

(B) diminishes (C) necessitates

7. Our high-------vocabulary for street crime contrasts

(D) discourages

sharply with our------vocabulary for corporate crime,

(E) ameliorates

a fact that corresponds to the general public's unawareness of the extent of corporate crime. (A) nuanced ..subtle (B) uninformative ..misleading (C) euphemistic ..abstract (D) differentiated ..limited (E) technical ..jargon-laden

26

최신기출 6 (96/4B) Section 1

4. With the ---- of scientific knowledge, work on the new edition of a textbook begins soon after completion of the original.

1.While scientists dismiss as fanciful the idea of

(A) limitation

sudden changes in a genetic code (spontaneous

(B) culmination

mutation), it is possible that nature, like some master

(C) veneration

musician, ---- on occasion, departing from the

(D) certainty

expected or predictable.

(E) burgeoning

(A) repeats (B) improvises

5. She is most frugal in matters of business, but in her

(C) ornaments

private life she reveals a streak of ----.

(D) corrects

(A) antipathy

(E) harmonizes

(B) misanthropy (C) virtuosity

2. Despite the ---- of time, space, and history, human

(D) equanimity

societies the world over have confronted the same

(E) prodigality

existential problems and have come to remarkably ---- solutions, differing only in superficial details.

6. If the state government's latest budget problems

(A) continuity.. identical

were ----, it would not be useful to employ them as

(B) uniformity.. diverse

----examples in the effort to avoid the inevitable

(C) actualities.. varied

effects of shortsighted fiscal planning in the future.

(D) contingencies.. similar

(A) typical.. representative

(E) exigencies.. unique

(B) exceptional.. aberrant (C) anomalous.. illuminating

3. Although he was known to be extremely ---- in his

(D) predictable.. helpful

public behavior, scholars have discovered that his

(E) solvable.. insignificant

diaries were written with uncommon ----. (A) reserved.. frankness

7. Just as some writers have ---- the capacity of

(B) polite.. tenderness

language to express meaning, Giacometti ---- the

(C) modest.. lucidity

failure of art to convey reality.

(D) reticent.. vagueness

(A) scoffed at .. abjured

(E) withdrawn.. subtlety

(B) demonstrated.. exemplified (C) denied.. refuted (D) proclaimed.. affirmed (E) despaired of .. bewailed

27

Section 5 4. I am often impressed by my own ---- other people's idiocies: what is harder to ---- is that they, 1. In spite of the fact that it is convenient to divide the

in their folly, are equally engaged in putting up with

life span of animals into separate stages such as pre-

mine.

natal, adolescent, and senescent, these periods are

(A) analysis of.. justify

not

(B) forbearance toward.. underestimate

really----.

(C) exasperation with .. credit

(A) advanced

(D) involvement in .. allow

(B) variable

(E) tolerance of .. appreciate

(C) repeatable (D) connected

5. Despite vigorous protestations, the grin on the teen-

(E) distinct

ager's face ----her denial that she had known about the practical joke before it was played on her

2. Although the number of reported volcanic eruptions

parents.

has risen exponentially since 1850, this indicates not

(A) belied

---- volcanic activity but rather more widespread

(B) illustrated

and ---- record keeping.

(C) reinforced

(A) abating..detailed

(D) exacerbated

(B) increasing..systematic

(E) trivialized

(C) substantial..erratic (D) stable..superficial

6. Far from undermining the impression of permanent

(E) consistent..meticulous

decline, the ---- statue seemed emblematic of its ---- surroundings.

3. The challenge of interpreting fictional works written

(A) indecorous.. opulent

under politically repressive regimes lies in distin-

(B) grandiose.. ramshackle

guishing what is ---- to an author's beliefs, as

(C) pretentious.. simple

opposed to what is ---- by political coercion.

(D) ungainly.. elegant

(A) innate.. understood

(E) tawdry.. blighted

(B) organic.. imposed (C) contradictory.. conveyed

7. Despite the fact that it is almost universally ----,

(D) oblique.. captured

the practice of indentured servitude still ---- in

(E) peripheral.. demanded

many parts of the world. (A) condemned… abates (B) tolerated.. survives (C) proscribed.. persists (D) mandated.. lingers (E) disdained.. intervenes

28

4. Despite its ---, the book deals---with a number of

최신기출 7 (97/11)

crucial issues. (A) optimism .. cursorily

Section 1

(B) importance .. needlessly (C) virtues .. inadequately (D) novelty .. strangely

1. What these people were waiting for would not

(E) completeness .. thoroughly

have been apparent to others and was perhaps not very---their own minds.

5. Although frequent air travelers remain

(A) obscure to

unconvinced, researchers have found that,

(B) intimate to

paradoxically, the---disorientation inherent in jet

(C) illusory to

lag also may yield some mental health---.

(D) difficult for

(A) temporal.. benefits

(E) definite in

(B) acquired.. hazards (C) somatic .. disorders

2. The attempt to breed suitable varieties of jojoba

(D) random .. deficiencies

by using hybridization to---favorable traits was

(E) typical . . standards

finally abandoned in favor of a simpler and much faster---: the domestication of flourishing wild

6. Ironically, the proper use of figurative language

strains.

must be based on the denotative meaning of the

(A) eliminate.. alternative

words, because it is the failure to recognize this---

(B) reinforce.. method

meaning that leads to mixed metaphors and their

(C) allow.. creation

attendant incongruity.

(D) reduce.. idea

(A) esoteric

(E) concentrate.. theory

(B) literal (C) latent

3. According to one political theorist, a regime that

(D) allusive

has as its goal absolute---, without any---law or

(E) symbolic

principle, has declared war on justice. (A) respectability.. codification of

7. Although it seems---that there would be a greater

(B) supremacy .. suppression of

risk of serious automobile accidents in densely

(C) autonomy .. accountability to

populated areas, such accidents are more likely to

(D) fairness .. deviation from

occur in sparsely populated regions.

(E) responsibility .. prioritization of

(A) paradoxical (B) axiomatic (C) anomalous (D) irrelevant (E) portentous

29

Section 6

1. If the theory is self-evidently true, as its

5. Whereas the Elizabethans struggled with the

proponents assert, then why does---it still exist

transition from medieval---experience to modern

among well-informed people?

individualism, we confront an electronic

(A) support for

technology that seems likely to reverse the trend,

(B) excitement about

rendering individualism obsolete and

(C) regret for

interdependence mandatory.

(D) resignation about

(A) literary

(E) opposition to

(B) intuitive (C) corporate

2. Although the --- of cases of measles has ---,

(D) heroic

researchers fear that eradication of the disease,

(E) spiritual

once believed to be imminent, may not come soon.

6. Our biological uniqueness requires that the effects

(A) occurrence.. continued

of a substance must be verified by---experiments,

(B) incidence.. declined

even after thousands of tests of the effects of that

(C) prediction.. resumed

substance on animals.

(D) number.. increased

(A) controlled

(E) study.. begun

(B) random (C) replicated

3. Nothing---his irresponsibility better than his---

(D) human

delay in sending us the items he promised weeks

(E) evolutionary

ago. (A) justifies.. conspicuous

7. Today water is more---in landscape architecture

(B) characterizes.. timely

than ever before, because technological advances

(C) epitomizes.. unnecessary

have made it easy, in some instances even ---to

(D) reveals.. conscientious

install water features in public places.

(E) conceals.. inexplicable

(A) conspicuous.. prohibitive (B) sporadic.. effortless

4. The author did not see the---inherent in her

(C) indispensable.. intricate

scathing criticism of a writing style so similar to

(D) ubiquitous.. obligatory

her own.

(E) controversial.. unnecessary

(A) disinterest (B) incongruity (C) pessimism (D) compliment (E) symbolism 30

4. In spite of ----reviews in the press, the

최신기출 8 (98/4)

production of her play was ----almost certain oblivion by enthusiastic audiences whose

Section 1

acumen was greater than that of the critics. (A) lukewarm.. condemned to (B) scathing.. exposed to

1. While many Russian composers of the

(C) lackluster.. rescued from

nineteenth century contributed to an emerging

(D) sensitive.. reduced to

national style, other composers did not----

(E) admiring.. insured against

idiomatic Russian musical elements, ---- instead the traditional musical vocabulary of Western

5. The passions of love and pride are often found

European Romanticism.

in the same individual, but having little in

(A) utilize ..rejecting

common, they mutually ----, not to say destroy,

(B) incorporate.. preferring

each other.

(C) exclude.. avoiding

(A) reinforce

(D) repudiate.. expanding

(B) annihilate

(E) esteem.. disdaining

(C) enhance (D) weaken

2. Because the painter Albert Pinkham Ryder was

(E) embrace

obsessed with his ----perfection, he was rarely ----a painting, creating endless variations of a

6. The necessity of establishing discrete categories

scene on one canvas, one on top of another.

for observations frequently leads to attempts to

(A) quest for.. satisfied with

make absolute ----when there are in reality

(B) insistence on .. displeased with

only----.

(C) contempt for.. disconcerted by

(A) analyses.. hypotheses

(D) alienation from.. immersed in

(B) correlations.. digressions

(E) need for.. concerned with

(C) distinctions.. gradations (D) complications.. ambiguities

3. Objectively set standards can serve as a ----for

(E) conjectures.. approximations

physicians, providing them ----unjustified malpractice claims.

7. A unique clay disk found at the Minoan site of

(A) trial.. evidence of

Phaistos is often ----as the earliest example of

(B) model.. experience with

printing by scholars who have defended its claim

(C) criterion.. reasons for

to this status despite equivalent claims put

(D) test.. questions about

forward for other printing artifacts.

(E) safeguard.. protection from

(A) questioned (B) overlooked (C) adduced (D) conceded (E) dismissed

31

Section 4 1. Punishment for violating moral rules is much

5. The senator’ s remark that she is ambivalent

more common than reward for following them;

about running for a second term is -----given

thus, ----- the rules goes almost ---- in society.

the extremely ----- fund-raising activities of

(A) association with .. undefended

her campaign committee.

(B) adherence to .. unnoticed

(A) disingenuous .. reluctant

(C) affiliation of .. uncorrected

(B) futile .. clandestine

(D) opposition to .. unchecked

(C) sincere .. visible

(E) ignorance of .. unresolved

(D) persuasive .. apathetic (E) straightforward .. energetic

2. Compassion is a great respecter of justice: we pity those who suffer ----.

6. Until quite recently research on diabetes had, as

(A) shamelessly

a kind of holding action, attempted to refine

(B) unwittingly

the -----of the disease, primarily because no

(C) vicariously

preventive strategy seemed at all likely to

(D) intensively

be ----- .

(E) undeservedly

(A) definition .. necessary (B) anticipation .. acceptable

3. No work illustrated his disdain for a systematic

(C) understanding .. costly

approach to research better than his

(D) treatment .. practicable

dissertation, which was rejected primarily

(E) symptoms .. feasible

because his bibliography constituted, at best, ----- survey of the major texts in his field.

7. Most plant species exhibit ----- in their

(A) an unimaginative

geographical distribution: often, a given species

(B) an orthodox

is found over a large geographical area, but

(C) a meticulous

individual populations within that range are

(D) a comprehensive

widely ----- .

(E) a haphazard

(A) discontinuity .. separated (B) density .. dispersed

4. In contrast to the----- with which the

(C) symmetry .. observed

acquisition of language by young children was

(D) uniformity .. scattered

once regarded, the process by which such

(E) concentration .. adaptable

learning occurs has now become the object of ----- . (A) intensity .. fascination (B) incuriosity .. scrutiny (C) anxiety .. criticism (D) reverence .. admiration (E) impatience .. training

32

최신기출 9 (98/11) 4. The prevailing union of passionate interest in

Section 1

detailed facts with equal devotion to abstract ------is a hallmark of our present society; in the past this union appeared, at best, ------and as if by chance.

1. There is hardly a generalization that can be made (A) data …extensively

about people’ s social behavior and the values

(B) philosophy …cyclically

informing it that cannot be ------from one or another

(C) generalization …sporadically

point of view, or even ------as simplistic or vapid.

(D) evaluation …opportunely (A) accepted …praised

(E) intuition ….selectively

(B) intuited …exposed (C) harangued …retracted

5. A century ago the physician’s word was ------ to

(D) defended …glorified

doubt it was considered almost sacrilegious

(E) challenged …dismissed

(A) inevitable (B) intractable

2. Although any destruction of vitamins caused by food

(C) incontrovertible

irradiation could be ------ the use of diet supplements,

(D) objective

there may be no protection from carcinogens that

(E) respectable

some fear might be introduced into foods by the process.

6. So much of modern fiction in the United States is

(A) counterbalanced by

autobiographical, and so much of the autobiography

(B) attributed to

fictionalized, that the ------sometimes seem largely

(C) inferred from

------.

(D) augmented with

(A) authors …ignored

(E) stimulated by

(B) needs …unrecognized (C) genres …interchangeable

3. Though he refused any responsibility for the failure

(D) intentions …misunderstood

of the negotiations, Stevenson had no right to ------

(E) misapprehensions …uncorrected

himself: it was his ------that had caused the debacle. (A) blame …skill

7. Robin’ s words were not without emotion: they

(B) congratulate …mode sty

retained their level tone only by a careful ------

(C) berate …largesse

imminent extremes.

(D) accuse …obstinacy

(A) equipoise between

(E) absolve …acrimony

(B) embrace of (C) oscillation between (D) limitation to (E) Subjection to

33

Section 4

4. The senator's attempt to convince the public that he is not interested in running for a second term is -----given the extremely------ fund-raising activities of

1. That she seemed to prefer ------ to concentrated

his campaign committee.

effort is undeniable; nevertheless, the impressive (A) futile...clandestine

quality of her finished paintings suggests that her

(B) sincere...visible

actual relationship to her art was anything but------.

(C) specious...apathetic (A) preparation …passionate

(D) disingenuous...public

(B) artfulness …disengaged

(E) straightforward... dubious

(C) dabbling …superficial (D) c aprice …considered

5. Although a change in management may appear to ---

(E) indecision …lighthearted

---- a shift in a company's fortunes, more often than not its impact is --------

2. Because of the excellent preservation of the fossil, (A) hinder...measurable

anatomical details of early horseshoe crabs were ----

(B) promote...demonstrable

for the first time, enabling experts to ---- the

(C) accelerate...profound

evolution of the horseshoe crab.

(D) betray...fundamental (A) scrutinized...ensure

(E) augur...inconsiderable

(B) verified...advance (C) identified...distort

6. The skeleton of ------- bird that was recently

(D) obscured...illustrate

discovered indicated that this ancient creature ------

(E) clarified...reassess

today's birds in that, unlike earlier birds and unlike reptilian ancestors, it had not a tooth in its head.

3. The philosopher claimed that a person who must (A) a primeval... obscured

consciously ------ his or her own indifference before

(B) a unique... preempted

helping another is behaving more nobly than one

(C) a primitive...anticipated

whose basic disposition allows such an act to be

(D) a contemporary... foreshadowed

performed without------.

(E) an advanced...differed from (A) feign...enthusiasm (B) censure...comment

7. While many people utilize homeopathic remedies to

(C) embrace...duplicity

treat health problems, other people do not ------such

(D) suffer...effort

alternative treatments, -------- conventional medical

(E) overcome...deliberation

treatments instead. (A) distrust...employing (B) embrace...eschewing (C) reject...envisioning (D) countenance... relying on (E) recommend... turning from

34

최신기출 10 (99/4) Section 2

4. A number of scientists have published articles ------- global warming, stating ------- that there is no solid scientific evidence to support the

1. As businesses become aware that their advertising must

theory that the Earth is warming because of

------ the everyday concerns of consumers, their

increases in greenhouse gases.

commercials will be characterized by a greater degree

(A) debunking...categorically

of ------.

(B) rejecting...paradoxically

(A) allay...pessimism

(C) deploring...optimistically

(B) address...realism

(D) dismissing...hesitantly

(C) evade....verisimilitude

(E) proving...candidly

(D) engage …fancy 5. The senator's attempt to convince the public that

(E) change...sincerity

she is not interested in running for a second term is as -------- as her opponent's attempt to disguise

2. Because the lawyer's methods were found to

his intention to run against her.

be ------, the disciplinary committee ------- his

(A) biased

privileges.

(B) unsuccessful

(A) unimpeachable...suspended

(C) inadvertent

(B) ingenious...withdrew

(D) indecisive (E) remote

(C) questionable...expanded (D) unscrupulous...revoked

6. MacCrory’ s conversation was --------: she could

(E) reprehensible...augmented

never tell a story, chiefly because she always forgot it, and she was never guilty of a witticism, unless by accident.

3. People of intelligence and achievement can none-

(A) scintillating

theless be so ------ and lacking in ------ that they

(B) unambiguous

gamble their reputations by breaking the law to

(C) perspicuous

further their own ends.

(D) stultifying

(A) devious...propensity

(E) facetious

(B) culpable...prosperity 7. Despite its many --------, the whole-language

(C) obsequious...deference

philosophy of teaching reading continues to

(D) truculent... independence

gain -------- among educators.

(E) greedy... integrity

(A) detractors...notoriety (B) adherents...prevalence (C) critics …currency (D) enthusiasts...popularity (E) practitioners …credibility

35

Section 5

1. That she was _____ rock climbing did not diminish her _____to join her friends on a rock-climbing

4. The term “modern”has always been used broadly

expedition.

by historians, and recent reports indicate that its

(A) attracted to ...eagerness

meaning has become more ____ than ever.

(B) timid about ... reluctance

(A) precise

(C) fearful of ... determination

(B) pejorative

(D) curious about ... aspiration

(C) revisionist

(E) knowledgeable about ... hope

(D) acceptable (E) amorphous

2. Data concerning the effects on a small population of high concentrations of a potentially hazardous

5. He would ____ no argument, and to this end he

chemical are frequently used to ____ the effects on a

enjoined us to ____.

large population of lower amounts of the same (A) brook ... silence

chemical.

(B) acknowledge ... neglect (A) verify

(C) broach ... abstinence

(B) redress

(D) fathom ... secrecy

(C) predict

(E) tolerate ... defiance

(D) realize (E) augment

6. Originally, most intellectual criticism of mass culture was ____ in character, being based on the

3. Conceptually, it is hard to reconcile a defense

assumption that the wider the appeal, the more ____

attorney's ____ to ensure that false testimony is not

the product.

knowingly put forward with the attorney's mandate (A) unpredictable ... undesirable

to mount the most ____ defense conceivable for the

(B) ironic ... popular

client.

(C) extreme ... outlandish (A) efforts ... cautious

(D) frivolous ... superfluous

(B) duty ... powerful

(E) negative ... shoddy

(C) inability ... eloquent (D) failure ... diversified

7. Surprisingly, given the dearth of rain that fell on the

(E) promises ... informed

com crop, the yield of the harvest was ____; consequently, the corn reserves of the country have not been ____. (A) inadequate ... replenished (B) encouraging ... depleted (C) compromised ... salvaged (D) abundant ... extended 36

(E) disappointing ... harmed

37

GRE Sentence Completion Practice

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