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Thesis on impact of repeater on GSM Networks (Portuguese doc)
GSM - Arabic
GSM Planning & Engg.
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Rajiv Kumar DGM (TX-I TX-I I ) ALTTC Ghaziabad October 4 2001
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GSM GSM NETWO ET WORK RK PL PLAN ANN NI NG PROCES PROCESS S-I
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• Service A rea rea • Estimation of traf raffic demand • A vai vailable freq requency res resource ources s. • Evolvi volvin ng an opti optim mum cover coverage sche cheme of placing the cells over the entire ser service area so as as to prov proviide compl comple ete mobility to the subscribers.
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GSM GSM NETWO ET WORK RK PL PLAN ANN NI NG PROCES PROCESS S- I I
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• Tr T r affic ffic demand estima imation ion -Populati tio on dis distri tributi tio on -Car usage distribution -I nco ncome level di dis stri tr ibuti butio on -L and us usage di dis stri tr ibuti butio on -T elephone phone us usa age di dis stri tr ibutio bution.
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GSM GSM NETWO ET WORK RK PL ANNI ANNI NG PROCES PROCESS S-I I I
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• E sti tim mati tio on of of Cell Radius – Ser Ser vice A r ea • Te T er r ain condit itio ion ns • Density of foliage • M an ma made structur tr ucture es
– Signal level at an unit distance from base station – Signal strength decay per decade of distance. • M OBI L E RADI RADI O NETWO ET WORK RK PL PLAN ANN NI NG SOFTWA OFT WARE RE T OOLS OOL S : T ORNADO ORNADO from from SI E M E NS October 4 2001
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GSM GSM NETWO ET WORK RK PL ANN ANNI NG PROCES PROCESS S-I V
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• M OBI L E RADI RADI O NETWORK ETWORK PL PLAN ANN NI NG SOFTWARE FT WARE TO T OOL S – Pr opag pagatio tion Pr edi dic ctio tions bas based upon upon var var ious pr opagation tion models e.g OK UM A RA - H A T A , WA L F I SCH-IK -I K E GAM GA M I or special exter nal models written by the users – I nter nter fer ence nce anal nalys ysiis – Automatic frequency planning – Coverage analysis by contour plots – Compar par ison with actual ra r adi dio o field measure ur ements – Efficient tool to load,analyze and display system performance evaluation
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GSM PL A NNI NNI NG: NG: THE T HE BA BA SI C PROCE PROCES SS
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1. CA PA CI TY PL A NNI NNI NG 2. COV COV ERAG ERA GE PL A NNING NNI NG 3. PA RAM RAMETER PL A NNI NNI NG 4. EQUI EQUIP PMENT PL A NNING NNING 5. OPTIM PTI MI ZA TIO TI ON.
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Exam xample : Basic Planning (1/3)
T AL C T • Say the customer wants to launch his network with 20 sites or for 10,000 subscribers in a city ALT CENTRE . • Th T he follo follow win ing g assumption ions ar e made in the plan lannin ing g pr ocess : • 25 mE aver age tra tr affic per subsc ubscr iber ber • Gr ade of Ser Ser vi vice ce 2% • M obi bille to M obi bille tra tr affic 10% • M obile to PST N tra traffic 70% • L and to M obi bille tra tr affic 20% • A ver ver age age to cel cell durati dur ation on 90 seconds conds Trr aff T ffic ic capacit ity y of 1 car r ie ierr wit ith h 7 T CH CHs s =2.94E (approximately 120 subscribers ); a 1/1/1 site will have capacity of approximately 350 subscribers. Trr aff T ffic ic capacit ity y of 2 car r ie ierr wit ith h 15 T CH CHs s =8.2E (appr (ap pro oxi xim metl tly y 330 subs ubsc cr ibe berr s). A 2/2 /2/2 /2 site will ha have ve a capacity of about 990 subscribers. October 4 2001
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E xampl ple e - Basic Planni nning (2/3 (2/3)) Case 1: For specified number of sites (20)
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• 1/1/1 sites (350 subs ubs per per site) … 7000 subs ubscri cr iber ber s. • 2/2/2 sites (990 subs ubs per per site) … 19800 subs ubscri criber ber s. Case 2: For specified capacity requirement (10000) • 1/1/1 sites….10000/350 …. 30 si sittes. • 2/2/2 sites….10000/990 …. 11sites.
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E xampl ple e - Basic Planni nning (3/3 (3/3))
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For 10000 capacity, at 25mE traffic, the total traffic ALT CENTRE is 250E. We assume a hypothetical distribution of traffic as shown below: A r ea T ype
% tfc
tfc
1/1/1 2/2/2
Ur ban high density
20
50E
6
2
Ur ban
30
75E
10
3
I ndustrial
15
37.5E
5
2
Subur ban
25
62.5E
7
3
Highways
5
12.5E
2
1
Quasi open
5
12.5E
2
1
100
250E
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To T otal
• We may choos choose e 2/2/2 sites for fir st 3are area types types and 1/1/1 1/1/1 sites tes for the the r est. • Th T his makes kes a total of 18 site ites. A fte fter cu customer ’s approv roval,s l,site ite selec lection ion is done.
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RF L I NK BUDGET RF L I NK BU BUD DGET
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TRANS TR ANSM M I TT TTII NG END
DL
MS
Tx T x RF Out Output Body L oss Combiner L oss F eeder L oss (@2dB/100m) Connector L osses Tx T x An Anttenna Gain Gain E I RP
BTS
33 dBm -2.0dB 0dB 0dB 0dB 0dB 31dBm (A )
43 dBm 0dB 0dB 1.5dB 2dB 17.5dB 57dBm ( C)
RECEI V I NG E ND
BT S
MS
Rx sensitivity
-107 dBm
-102 dBm
Rx. A ntenna gain Diversity Gain Connector L oss F eeder L oss I nterference Degradation M argin Body L oss Duplexer L oss Rx Power F ade M argin Required I s so otropic Rx .Power
Cal alcul cula ate the pa path th lo loss in a BT S site in an an Ur Ur ba ban n envi nvirr on onm ment, give ven n the fol olllow owiing par param ame ete terr s • F r equenc quency y: • BT S antenna antenna hei height • M obil obile antenna antenna hei height
900 M Hz
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30 m 3m.
• Cell r adius : 5K ms • Also calculate the Attenuation slope for this site. • L p =[69 [69.5 .55 5+26.1 .16 6 log log(f (f))- 13.8 .82 2 log log (hBTS) -a (hm)]+ [44.9 -6.55 log (hBTS)] log(d) • a(hm) a(hm) ={1.1 log log (f) (f) -0.7 }hm }hm -{1.56 log (f) (f) -0.8} 26.16 log (f) 26. 13.82 log (hST hST S)
oss L p =69.55+ .55+77.28 -20.41 +24.62 -3.81= 147.23dB. ∴ Path L oss 5.225/10 =3.5225 3.5225.. Attenuation Slope γ [44.9 .9--6.5 .55 5 log (hSTS (hST S )]/1 )]/10 0 =35.225/10 γ = [44 October 4 2001
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E xampl ple e- T o Calcul ula ate cell r adi dius us (d) Calculate the cell radius for a site that has: F r equenc quency y:
900 M Hz
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BT S hei height: 30meter ter s
M obi bille hei height: 3 meter ter s
BT S E RP:
55dBm
Expected RSS at the cell boundary (d=R) = -75dBm. L o=122.61 dB; dB; γ γ = 3.5 (calculated in the previous example). 122.61 -75+35 log log (d) =55 dBm. log (d (d) =7. 7.39 39//35 =0. 0.21 2111 11 Th T her efor for e d= d=antilog ilog (0.2111) =1.62 K ms.
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Sig Si gnal V aria riations
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RSS RSS
F a s t F a d i n g
L ong ter ter m aver aver age age
Slow Fades Distance October 4 2001
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GSM GSM
IMPCS-COVERAGE
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• CAP APII TAL CI TIE TI E S – BUI L DI NG --- 40 % – I n Car ---- 70 % -– Out Out door --- 90 % • OTHER CITIES
BUI L DI NG --- 20 % I n Car ---- 40 % -Out Out door --- 90 % October 4 2001
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Cell Planni ning ng and C/I C/I issues • A ssume all cel cell are of the the same size
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• A ll cel cells tran transmit th the same power. ower. •The path path loss loss is not not fr free sp spa ace and is gov gove erned ned by by the atte ttenuati nuation on constant constant γ γ . •The reuse distance D and cell radius R are related to the the C/I as given ven below: (D/R) γ γ =6 (C/I ) The The C/I is in absolu lutte valu lue e.
Gener ner al Cons nsiider der ati tio ons - T RX Requi quir ement
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• Tr T r affic ffic Req Require ir ements ( E r lan langs) • Grade of service required • Ty T ypica ical Call Call M odel • Numbe umberr of car r ier s fr om T r affic r equi quir ements • Control Channel Determination • Equipment Configuration
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Excerpt rpts from rom Erla rlang B Table No.of Tr T r unks 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
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Gr ade of Ser Ser vice 0.01% 0.0001 0.0142 0.0868 0.2347 0.452 0.7282 1.0541 1.4219 1.8256 2.2601 2.7216 3.2069 3.7133 4.2387 4.7811
quir ed TC T CH Chann hanne els -I Capacity Planning- Requi
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RF Carriers Needed depend upon: • Number of Subscribers to be served
• 150 Subscribers
• A ver age tra tr affic per per subsc ubscr iber ber
• 25mE Traffic per
• Grade of service
• GoS =2%
150 × 25 mE =3.75 E At 2% GoS
150 Sub
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Capacity Planning-
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RF Carriers Needed depend upon: • Number of Subscribers to be served
• 200 Subscribers
• A ver age tra tr affic per per subsc ubscr iber ber
• 25mE Traffic per
• Grade of service
• GoS =2%
200 × 25 mE =5.0 E At 2% GoS
200 Sub
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Capacity Planning-
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RF Carriers Needed depend upon: • Number of Subscribers to be served
• 300 Subscribers
• A ver age tra tr affic per per subsc ubscr iber ber
• 25mE Traffic per
• Grade of service
• GoS =2%
300 × 25 mE =7.5 At 2% GoS
300 Sub
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Given that: • 40000 subs in in a L oca ocation are area • A ver ver age age tr aff affic per per subs = 25 mE • Calculate P • Tr T r affic ffic in this cell =30 E • SMS SM S ra r atio tio =0.1 • Other her param parame eter s ass assume umed as given ven in in the the “T able able”
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A n Exam xample (2/ 7 )
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Ste St ep 1 : Calcul cula ate P ( Pages pe perr seco cond) nd) : • 40000 subs in in a L ocati ocation on ar ar ea • A ver ver age age tr aff affic per per subs = 25 mE • Hence total traffic E=40,000 × 25 mE= mE=1000 E • Average Call Duration = 120 sec. Hence the call rate (Calls/hour) = E ÷(120/3600) • Calls/hour = 1000 1000 ÷ ÷((120/ 120/3600) 3600) =30,000 30,000 • A ver ver age age num number ber of mobil obile ter minate nated call calls =20 % =6,000 • A ssume two page pages per per cel cell . He Hence num number ber of page pages / Hr H r =12,000 • Number mber of pages ages per per secon second d =12 1200 000/ 0/36 3600 00 =3. 3.33 333 3 October 4 2001
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A n Exam xample (3 / 7 ) Step Ste p 2 : Calcul ula ate NPCH ( Number of Paging Channels) :
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• NPCH = P /(2 /(2× 4.25) • NPCH =3. 3.33 333/ 3/((2 × 4. 4.25) 25)= =0. 0.392 392 Step Ste p 3 : Calcul ula ate NAGCH ( Num Numbe berr of A GCH Cha hann nne els) : For this we need λ values •λ call = e ÷( 120 120/3600) =900 call calls/hr in the the cel cell •λ SM S =λ call × SM S =900 × 0. 0.1 1 =90 •λ L U =λ call × L =90 900 0 × 7 =63 6300 00 •λ AGCH =(λ call +λ SM S +λ L U ) /3600 =(900 +90+6300)/ 6300)/3600 =2.025 2.025 /secon /second d •N AGCH =2. 2.02 025/ 5/ (2 × 4. 4.25) 25) =0. 0.2382 2382 October 4 2001
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A n Exam xample (4 / 7 )
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Step Ste p 4 : Calcul ula ate NPAGCH ( Numbe Number of PA GCH Cha hann nne els) : NPAGCH =( NPCH +NAGCH ) / UCC UCCCH Where , UCCCH is the % utilization of control channels Ty T ypica ically , UCCCH UCC CH= = 0 .33 NPAGCH =( 0. 0.23 2382 82 +0. 0.39 392) 2) / .33 =1. 1.90 909 9 bl blocks ocks NAGCH Th T his means we need a min inim imu um of 2 CCCH CC CH blo bloc cks
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A n Exam xample (5 / 7 ) Step Ste p 5 : Calcul ula ate SDC SDCC CH Re R equi quirr ement :
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We nee need SDCC SDCCH channe hannell duri during Call set-u t-up p , L ocati tio on up update tes s & SM S
Hence nce E r lang offer ed fo for SDCC SDCCH Chann hanne el +T g ) +λ SM S (T SM S +T g ) } /3600 {λ call × T C +λ L U ×(T L U+Tg We K now now that that Tg T g =4 , T C =5 , T L U =4, T SM S =6 seconds from the “table able” SDCCH Chann hanne el E r lang =( 90 900 × 5 +6300 × 9 +90 × 10 )/3600 ∴ SDCC =17.25 17.25 E
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A n Exam xample (6 / 7 ) Step Ste p 6 : Calcul ula ate SDC SDCC CH Cha C hann nne els :
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F r om E r lang T abl ble es with with Go GoS =1 % & E =17.2 .25 5 we see that
SDCC SDC CH Channe hannells =27 •E ach Ti T ime slot acco ccommodates dates =8 SDC SDCCH Channel hannels •Hence we nee need 3 indepe ndepende ndent nt Ti T ime slots & one Combi ombine ned d T ime slo to accommodate 27 SDCCH Channels Contro ntrol chann hanne el Planni nning TS T S 0 =Com Combin ine ed time ime slot lot (BCCH +4 SDCCH) CC H) …….. ……..f BCCH TS T S 1 =SDCCH CC H ( 8 SDCCH CC H Cha Channels ls)) …….. ……..f BCCH TS T S 1 & TS T S 2 ( 16 SDCCH CC H Cha Channels ls)) ……….f ……….f x ,any other freq. in the cell October 4 2001
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A n Exam xample (7 / 7 ) Step Ste p 7 : Num Numbe berr of RF RF Car r ier s ne nee ed
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• Cell T r affic = 30 E
At 2% GoS
39 T CH Requir ed Tim T ime e slot lots r equire ir ed for for tr affic ffic channels =39 Tim T ime e slot lots r equire ir ed for for contr ol channels =4 To T otal T ime ime slot lots r equire ir ed 39 +4 =43 So RF R F Carr arr ier s nee needed ded =43/8=5.375 =6 (say) October 4 2001
