SGNQCTXNMEM GEHNIGEO CVZCTN@CG]EO ATEGHXNHI MC @NTEGME ÅTCE MC ]CHGIOIKÀE MCZET]E@CG]I MC CGCTKÎ]NHE EZTCGMNREBC MNEOØKNHI NG]CTEH]NQI SGNMEM HSTTNHSOET ]CT@IMNGÅ@NHE
Coeditemi zit2 Ztia' @e~te Oceo Ztia' Cgmct Hettexuscti
Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ct`imngå`nhe EMN-SGCA@
4:55
]c`e = Hig}cgnmi
Cg cx}e Sgnmem ]c`å}nhe cx}etc`ix egeonregmi
Oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ct`imngå`nhe' Xc Egeonreteg }imix oix coc`cg}ix usc higait`eg sg xnx}c`e cg asghnøg mc oe ztn`cte oc~ hig co idbc}nqi mc mcmshnt oe chsehnøg usc oe ztn`cte ztn`cte Oc~ zete xnx}c`ex xnx}c`ex Hcttemix/ Hcttemix/ xnx}c`ex Ednct}ix/ xnx}c`e mc aosbi ~ cx}emi cx}edoc/ xnx}c`ex mc Aosbi ~ cx}emi gi cx}edoc'
Idbc}nqix Mnmåh}nhix2
Highncghnet eo cx}smneg}c xidtc oe n`zit}eghne mc oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ct`imngå`nhe cg oe tcxioshnøg mc ztidoc`ex mc Ngkcgnctàe' Ait`soet oe cvztcxnøg `e}c`å}nhe mc oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ct`imngå`nhe e zet}nt mc xn}sehnigcx hi}nmnegex' Cqeoset oix he`dnix cgctkî}nhix mc oix ztihcxix cg sg xnx}c`e i qios`cg mc hig}tio s}nonregmi oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ct`imngå`nhe ]ct`imngå`nhe
='5
Ztnghnzni mc oe Higxctqehnøg mc oe @exe2 Aosbi `åxnhi' Aosbi qios`î}tnhi' Chsehnøg mc Hig}ngsnmem
='4 Cgctkàe mc sg Xnx}c`e ='8 Cgctkàe mc sg Aosnmi usc Aos~c ='= Ztn`cte Oc~ mc Oe ]ct`imngå`nhe ='='5 Xnx}c`e Hcttemi ='='4 Xnx}c`e Ednct}i ='='4'5 Aosbi ~ cx}emi Gi Cx}edoc ='='4'5 Aosbi ~ cx}emi Cx}edoc ='3 Hezehnmemcx Heoitàanhex ='1 Cbcthnhnix Ztizscx}ix =';' Tcactcghnex Dndoniktåanhex
Oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc ]ct`imngå`nhe/ e qchcx higihnme hi`i oe oc~ mc higxctqehnøg mc cgctkàe/ CGSGHNE USC OE CGCTKÀE GI ZSCMC XCT HTCEME GN MCX]TSNME/ XØOI ZSCMC XCT HIGQCT]NME MC SGE AIT@E E I]TE' Cg i}tex zeoedtex/ hsegmi Bisoc mcbø hect co zcxi usc qiohø oe tscme mc zeoc}e/ oe cgctkàe `chågnhe ondcteme gi xc kex}ø/ xc higqnt}nø cg cgctkàe ztiqcgncg}c mco heoit/ hesxegmi exà usc oe }c`zcte}ste mco ekse es`cg}exc' Oe ztn`cte oc~ mc }ct`imngå`nhe etks`cg}e usc oe }i}eonmem mc oe heg}nmem mc cgctkàe ztcxcg}c cg co sgnqctxi cx higx}eg}c' Oe oc~ mc higxctqehnøg mc oe cgctkàe cx}edochc usc co qeoit mc oe cgctkàe mc sg xnx}c`e enxoemi &xng ng}ctehhnøg hig gngkòg i}ti xnx}c`e. zct`egchc ngqetnedoc hig co }nc`zi' Oe higxctqehnøg mc oe cgctkàe mc sg xnx}c`e cx}å onkeme eo fchfi mc usc oex chsehnigcx mc cqioshnøg xceg ngmczcgmncg}cx mco ngx}eg}c higxnmctemi' Mcg}ti mc oix xnx}c`ex }ct`imngå`nhix/ sge higxchscghne mc oe oc~ mc higxctqehnøg mc oe cgctkàe cx oe ooe`eme ztn`cte oc~ mc oe }ct`imngå`nhe usc cx}edochc usc/ meme sge heg}nmem mc cgctkàe }ît`nhe ΝU usc aos~c mcg}ti mc sg xnx}c`e/ mcdc ezetchct hi`i sg nghtc`cg}i mc oe cgctkàe ng}ctge mco xnx}c`e &ΝS. i hi`i sg }tedebi &Ν[. cach}semi zit co xnx}c`e xidtc xsx eotcmcmitcx2 & U. 0 &∁S. , & [.
='5 ZTNGHNZNI MC OE HIGXCTQEHNØG MC OE @EXE Co ztnghnzni mc oe higxctqehnøg mc oe `exe zete sg xnx}c`e ednct}i @exe }i}eo usc cg}te eo xnx}c`e
Y
@exe }i}eo usc xc xeoc mco xnx}c`e
He`dni gc}i mc oe `exe mcg}ti mco xnx}c`e
0
`c `x `xnx}c`e
`c
`xnx}
Oe heg}nmem mc `e}ctne usc ngktcxe e sg xnx}c`e mcdc xct oe `nx`e x ednct}i heg}nmem mc `e}ctne usc xeoc mco `nx`i
`
Ankste ='5' Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe `exe
Cx}e `nx`e chsehnøg xc zscmc cvztcxet }e`dnîg zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi2 Oe heg}nmem mc `exe usc aos~c e }teqîx mc sge xchhnøg }tegxqctxeo zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi xc mcgi`nge aosbi `åxnhi ~ co xà`dioi }nc`zi'
@exe }i}eo usc cg}te eo xnx}c`e zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi
-
`/
@exe }i}eo usc xc xeoc mco xnx}c`e zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi
`c `
x
ngmnhe usc cx `exe zit sgnmem mc
Qetnehnøg mc oe `exe mco xnx}c`e hig tcxzch}i eo }nc`zi
`xnx} `4 `5 xnx}
`c
`x m`xnx} ) m}
Migmc2 c ~ x tcztcxcg}eg oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme tcxzch}nqe`cg}c' 2 tcztcxcg}e oe xs`e}itne mc }imix oix aosbix `åxnhix ~ `exex usc cg}teg ~ xeocg mco qios`cg mc hig}tio'
Ankste ='4' Qios`cg mc Hig}tio
Co aosbi mc `exe i oe tcoehnøg mc aosbi mc `exe mc sg aosnmi usc hnthsoe cg sge }sdctàe i msh}i cx ztizithnigeo eo åtce mc oe xchhnøg }tegxqctxeo &E. mc oe }sdctàe i msh}i/ mcgxnmem & . ~ e oe qcoihnmem mco aosnmi &Q.'
` 0 v Q` v E 2 mcgxnmem mco aosnmi
Q`2 Qcoihnmem `cmne mco aosnmi E2 Åtce }tegxqctxeo git`eo e oe mntchhnøg mc aosbi'
Co aosbi `åxnhi ~ co qios`î}tnhi xc tcoehnigeg'
` Q
Q
`
Q E
Q q
Q E
` 2 aosbi `åxnhi 2 mcgxnmem '
Q 2 aosbi qios`î}tnhi
Q2 qcoihnmem mco aosnmi q2 qios`cg cxzchàanhi
='4 DEOEGHC MC CGCTKÀE Cgctkàe }i}eo usc htsre oe atig}cte hi`i heoit }tedebi
,
Cgctkàe }i}eo mc oe `exe usc cg}te eo xnx}c`e
Cgctkàe }i}eo mc oe `exe usc xeoc mco xnx}c`e
-
U [ C c C x C xnx}
@exe Cg}teg}c
Qh [
U
0
Qetnehnøg cg oe Cgctkàe }i}eo mco Xnx}c`e'
Cg sg xnx}c`e }ct`imngå`nhi co heoit ~ co }tedebi xig ait`ex mc cgctkàex usc htsreg oex atig}ctex mco `nx`i/ `ncg}tex oe `exe cg}te ~ xeoc mco qios`cg mc hig}tio
@exe Xeoncg}c
Ankste ='8' ='8' Ng}ctehhnøg mc @exe/ Heoit ~ ]tedebi cg sg xnx}c`e
Cgctkàe }i}eo usc htsre oe atig}cte hi`i , heoit ~ }tedebi zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi
Cgctkàe }i}eo }tegxzit}eme fehne mcg}ti mco Xnx}c`e' hig oe `exe zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi'
Cgctkàe }i}eo ]tegxzit}eme ]tegxzit}eme fehne ascte mco xnx}c`e hig oe `exe zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi'
Qetnehnøg mc oe Cgctkàe mco Xnx}c`e zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi
U [
C c
C x
mCxnx} m}
Oe cgctkàe }i}eo mc sg xnx}c`e cx}å higx}n}snme zit cgctkàe cgctkàe `ehtixhøznhe ~ `nhtixhøznhe' Oe ztn`cte co xnx}c`e oe zixcc hi`i sg }imi cg tcoehnøg hig sg `ethi mc tcactcghne cv}ctnit &cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo/ `ncg}tex oe `nhtixhøznhe xc tcoehnige hig oe eh}nqnmem `iochsoet mco xnx}c`e &cgctkàe ng}ctge.' C S Ch Cz
C S
Q 4 4
kr
='8 CGCTKÀE ]I]EO MC SG AOSNMI USC AOS^C Co qios`cg mc hig}tio nghos~c aosbix mc `exe e }teqîx mc oe atig}cte mco qios`cg mc hig}tio/ zit oi usc gchcxn}e sge cgctkàe zete c`zsbet oe `exe fehne mcg}ti ~ fehne ascte mco qios`cg mc hig}tio/ cx}c }tedebi xc higihc hi`i mc aosbi ' [ aosbi A O Z E O Z Q
[ aosbic Zc Qc [ aosbix Zx Qx
Zit sgnmem mc `exe2 [ aosbix Zx qx
[ aosbic Zc qc
Oe cgctkàe mc sg xnx}c`e' C s Ch Cz
Sg aosnmi usc cg}te i xeoc mc sg qios`cg mc hig}tio zixcc sge cgctkàe emnhnigeo/ oe cgctkàe mc aosbi i }tedebi mc aosbi' C Zq Zq s Ch Ch Cz Cz
Mc cx}e cvztcxnøg xc mctnqe sge gscqe ztizncmem }ct`imngå`nhe ooe`eme cg}eozne2 f s Zq
='= MCMSHHNIG MC OE ZTN@CTE OC^ Oe Chsehnøg mc oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ct`imngå`nhe cx xioi oe cvztcxnøg `e}c`å}nhe mco Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg Higxctqehnøg mc oe Cgctkàe/ Cgctkàe/ mco hseo oe `e~itàe `e~itàe }cgc`ix gihnøg zit gscx}tix hstxix mc Aàxnhe' Oe tcactnme Chsehnøg/ cvztcxe cg cxcghne/ co deoeghc usc mcdc cvnx}nt cvnx}nt cg}tc oix mnactcg}cx }nzix mc cgctkàe cg sg ztihcxi mc}ct`ngemi' Cg}tc cx}ix }nzix mc cgctkàe xc hscg}eg2 oe hngî}nhe/ oe zi}cghneo/ oe ng}ctge/ co }tedebi ~ co heoit' Eg}cx mc ztcxcg}et oe mcmshhnøg/ ztizne`cg}c mnhfe/ mc oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~/ efigmc`ix sg zihi `åx cg sg }øznhi usc ~e fc`ix cx}smnemi cg i}tex izit}sgnmemcx2 Co }tedebi' Cg gscx}tex hoexcx ztcqnex fc`ix fchfi tcactcghne e qetnix }nzix mc }tedebi2 mc atig}cte/ coîh}tnhi/ mc sg cbc/ mc sg tcxit}c/ c}h'< zcti emc`åx mc cx}ix/ fe~ sg }nzi mc }tedebi usc }ncgc cxzchneo n`zit}eghne cg oix xnx}c`ex ednct}ix ~ usc xc mcgi`nge ]tedebi mc Aosbi/ co hseo xc mcangc hi`i co }tedebi tcusctnmi zete `iqct hnct}e heg}nmem mc `exe/ fehne emcg}ti i fehne eascte mc sg qios`cg mc hig}tio' Qce`ix Qce`ix hi`i xc heohsoe co `nx`i/ dexågmigix cg oe xnksncg}c ankste2 ` ` cg} Zcg
QIOS@CG
E
MC HIG]TIO V
E
Zxeo
` ` xeo
Ankste ='=' ='=' Qios`cg mc Hig}tio' Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ct`imngå`nhe
Egeonhc`ix oe cg}teme ~ cqeosc`ix co }tedebi gchcxetni zete ng}timshnt oe zithnøg mc `exe ngmnheme eo qios`cg mc Hig}tio' Tchitmegmi oe mcangnhnøg dåxnhe mc }tedebi2 [ 0 A"m ~ usc2 A 0 Z"E Zimc`ix cxhtndnt2
[0 Z"E"m 0007 &5.
Efite dncg/ zete gscx}ti hexi cg zet}nhsoet2 Z 0 Ztcxnøg mc cg}teme mco Aosnmi &Zcg. E 0 Åtce mc oe xchhnøg mc cg}teme &E.
m 0 Mcxzoere`ncg}i gchcxetni zete ng}timshnt oe zithnøg mc `exe &V. Oe chsehnøg &5. xc higqnct}c cg2 [0 Zcg" E" V Cg migmc co ztimsh}i &E"V./ tcxso}e xct co qios`cg mc oe `exe mc cg}teme/ cg}ighcx2 [0 Zcg"Qcg 000007 ]tedebi }i}eo mc Aosbi e oe cg}teme' ~ zit sgnmem mc `exe xctå2 { 0 Zcg"cg Sg tcxso}emi xc`cbeg}c xc id}cgmtàe zete oe xeonme2 { 0 Zxeo " xeo Cvzonhemi ~e cx}c highcz}i/ editmc`ix oe mc mcmshhnøg mc Oe Chsehnøg Kcgcteo mc oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc oe ]ct`imngå`nhe' ]i`c`ix hi`i tcactcghne oe xnksncg}c ankste2 cg}
[
0 ` cg} " c cg}
[Acg
QIOS@CG MC HIG]TIO
E
[A xeo
E C xeo
0` xeo" c xeo
U
Ankste ='3' ='3' Qios`cg mc Hig}tio
Migmc2
Ccg} 0 Cgctkàe mc cg}teme }i}eo exihneme e oe `exe mc cg}teme' Cxeo 0 Cgctkàe mc xeonme }i}eo exihneme e oe `exe mc xeonme' [Acg 0 ]tedebi mc Aosbi mc cg}teme' [Axeo 0 ]tedebi mc Aosbi mc Xeonme' [ 0 ]tedebi gc}i mnactcg}c eo }tedebi mc aosbi' U 0 Heoit gc}i' c 0 \&Qcoih4 )4kh., R"&k)kh. , sP 0 Cgctkàe }i}eo cxzchàanhe
Ezonhegmi co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe Cgctkàe2 Cgctkàe cg}tegmi - Cgctkàe xeoncgmi 0
Cgctkàe cg co Qios`cg mc Hig}tio
Cg ait`e mnactcghneo2 \Ccg} , [Acg} , UP - \Cxeo ,[ ,[AxeoP 0 \mCP qhig}tio Mc `egcte `åx mcxettiooeme2 \ccg}" `cg} ,Zcg}"cg}" `cg} P , U - \cxeo"`xeo , [ , Z xeo"xeo"`xeoP 0 m \c"`P Qhig}tio Ektszegmi }ît`ngix2 `cg} \ccg}
,Zcg}"cg} P , U - `xeo \cxeo , Z xeo"xeoP - [ 0 m\c"`PQhig}tio
Ng}cktegmi2 `cg} \ccg} ,Zcg}"cg} P , U - `xeo \cxeo , Z xeo"xeoP - [ 0 \cAng"`Ang - cngn"`ngnPQhig}tio Tchitmegmi usc2 c 0 \&Qcoih4 )4kh., R"&k ) kh. , sP/ xc }ncgc2 \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , s , Z "P cg}"`cg} , U -\Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , s , Z "P xeo"`xeo - [ 0 \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , sPAng"`Ang - \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , s Pngn"`ngn ]i`egmi cg hscg}e usc2 f 0 s , Z "/ angeo`cg}c xc id}ncgc2 \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , fPcg}"`cg} , U - \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , fPxeo"`xeo - [ 0| \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , s PAng"`Ang - \Qco 4 ) 4kh , R"&k )kh. , s Pngn"`ngn pQetnehnøg mc mc Cgctkàe cg co Q' Hig}tio Hig}tio
Tcitkegnregmi id}cgc`ix oi usc xc higihc hi`i CHSEHNØG MC ZTN@CTE OC^ 2 4 4 4 Q 54 Qc Qx Q 4 U [ `x fx Rxk `4 s 4 `c fc Rck R 4 k Y `5 s5 R 5 k 4 4 4 4 qh
='='5' Xnx}c`e Ednct}i' Cx}emi ~ Aosbi Cx}edoc &Aosbi Zct`egcg}c. Eoksgex mc oex heteh}ctàx}nhex mc sg xnx}c`e ednct}i debi higmnhnigcx mc aosbi cx}edoc xc ztcxcg}eg e hig}ngsehnøg2 Oex ztizncmemcx ng}cgxnqex ~ cv}cgxnqex mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio gi he`dneg hig co }nc`zi zit oi usc oe mcgxnmem cx higx}eg}c eo nkseo usc co qios`cg'
Oe heg}nmem mc cgctkàe usc cg}te e sg qios`cg mc hig}tio/ mcdc xct nkseo e oe cgctkàe usc xeoc cg sg ztihcxi mc aosbi cx}edoc' Oex ztizncmemcx mc cg}teme ~ xeonmex zscmcg xct mnactcg}cx cg mnx}ng}ex edct}stex mc cg}teme ~ xeonme/ nghosxi qetnet zit }ime oe xchhnøg }tegxqctxeo mc sge cg}teme ~ sge xeonme zcti gi he`dneg hig co }nc`zi' Emnhnigeo`cg}c oe cocqehnøg ~ oe qcoihnmem zct`egchcg higx}eg}cx cg sge zixnhnøg anbe cg qeoitcx zti`cmnix' zti`cmnix'
OC^ MC OE HIGXCTQEHNØG MC OE @EXE ZETE CX]EMI ^ AOSBI CX]EDOC @QH 0 : < @exe }i}eo usc cg}te cx nkseo e oe `exe }i}eo usc xeoc' `c `x `4 `5 `qh :
`qh `4 `5 : `4 `5
`c `x
` c `x
='='4' Oc~ mc oe Higxctqehnøg mc oe cgctkàe' Xnx}c`e usc izcte cg ztihcxix mc Aosbi ~ Cx}emi Cx}edoc CQH 0 : < Oe cgctkàe }i}eo usc cg}te eo qios`cg mc hig}tio cx nkseo e oe cgctkàe }i}eo usc xeoc/ zit oi }eg}i2 5 4 5 4 r k Q ` f r k Q x : c c c c x x x 4 4 Oe chsehnøg mc oe ztn`cte oc~ zete sg xnx}c`e usc izcte cg ztihcxi mc aosbi cx}emi ~ cx}edoc uscme cg co hseo xioi cvnx}c sge hittncg}c mc cg}teme ~ xeonme U [
` f
`c `x
U [ `\&fx fc .
5 4
&Q x Q c . k & R x R c .P 4
4
='='4'5 Mnxzixn}nqix usc Izcteg Cg Aosbi Zct`egcg}c2 Ztihcxix migmc gi fe~ }tedebi Cg}tc oix mnxzixn}nqix usc izcteg cg cx}emi cx}edoc ~ gi ztimshcg gn higxs`cg }tedebi/ cx}åg2 ng}cthe`dnemitcx ng}cthe`dnemitcx mc heoit/ higmcgxemitcx/ kcgctemitcx mc qezit &heomctex./
mnasxitcx/ }idctex/ qåoqsoex mc Cx}tegksoe`ncg}i ~ }sdctàex' Xcksnme`cg}c xc mcxhtndcg heme sgi mc cooix'
Sg Ng}cthe`dnemit mc Heoit xc c`zoce zete }tegxactnt heoit mc sg aosnmi e i}ti' Git`eo`cg}c oix he`dnix mc cgctkàe cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xig mcxztchnedocx' Co heoit }tegxactnmi/ cg}tc oex mix hittncg}cx/ xc heohsoe `cmneg}c oe mnactcghne mc cg}eozàex ~ co egåonxnx mczcgmc mc oe cochhnøg mco qios`cg mc hig}tio' Oe ankste ngmnhe mix zixndnonmemcx cg mnhfe cochhnøg/ oe xcochhnøg xc fetå cg asghnøg mc oe ngait`ehnøg mcxceme ~ mc oe higihnme'
Aosnmi heoncg}c &Hittncg}c
5. Qio' mc hig}tio E
Aosnmi Atài &Hittncg}c 4.
Qio' mc hig}tio D hig}tio D
Ankste ='1' Ng}cthe`dnemit mc Heoit
Zete co qios`cg mc Hig}tio ‟E‐2 U 0 `&fx5 ‘ fc5. Zete co qios`cg mc Hig}tio ‟D‐2 `5"fc5 , `4"fc4 0 `5"fx5 , `4"fx4
Sg higmcgxemit cx sg }nzi mc ng}cthe`dnemit mc heoit usc tceonre sge }etce cxzchàanhe zit oi usc oex chsehnigcx eg}ctnitcx xig qåonmex zete co `nx`i' `nx`i ' Cg sg Higmcgxemit hnthsoe ekse atàe atàe &s i}ti aosnmi. zete higmcgxet }i}eo }i}eo &i zethneo`cg}c. sg qezit i sge `crhoe hig heonmem cocqeme'
Sg Kcgctemit mc Qezit &heomcte. c`zoce sge ascg}c mc cgctkàe/ }eo hi`i co usc`emi mc hi`dsx}ndoc zsoqctnremi i sg tceh}it gshocet/ zete qezitnret sg aosnmi' Cg cx}c cusnzi oix he`dnix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xig }àznhe`cg}c mcxztchnedocx ~ co `nx`i gi ngqioshte }tedebi' }tedebi' Oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Ztn`cte Oc~ zete cx}c cusnzi/ xc tcmshc e2 U 0 `&fx ‘ fc. Qezitt
Oàusnmi
Ankste =';' Cxusc`e mc sg Kcgctemit mc Qezit
Oix Mnasxitcx ~ ]idctex/ xc c`zoceg zete hig}tioet oe qcoihnmem mc sg aosnmi' Cx}i xc oikte qetnegmi ktemseo`cg}c co åtce åtce cg}tc oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme' Cg sg Mnasxit mnx`ngs~c oe qcoihnmem `ncg}tex oe ztcxnøg es`cg}e< cg oe ]idcte xshcmc oi hig}tetni es`cg}e oe qcoihnmem `ncg}tex mnx`ngs~c oe ztcxnøg' Memi usc oe cgctkàe hngî}nhe xscoc xct n`zit}eg}c ~ usc oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit xscoc xct mcxztchnedoc/ mcdnmi ztnghnzeo`cg}c e oex eo}ex qcoihnmemcx mco aosnmi usc }tec }tec hi`i higxchscghne usc gi zct`egcrhe co }nc`zi xsanhncg}c cg co cusnzi zete usc oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit xce xnkgnanhe}nqe/ oe Chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~/ uscme hi`i xnksc2 Higxnmctehnigcx eo ezonhet oe ztn`cte oc~ cg sge }idcte2 Gi fe~ ehs`soehnøg CQH 0 : Xc mcxztchne co he`dni mc cgctkàe zi}cghneo
]IDCTE
Q 7 :/ zit oi }eg}i qcoihnmem mc xeonme `e~it e
qcoihnmem mc cg}teme
Ankste ='6' Cxusc`e mc sge ]idcte
Cg}ighcx oe chsehnøg mc oe ztn`cte oc~ zete sg }idcte uscme cvztcxeme cg oe xnksncg}c ait`e fc , Qc4)4 0 fx , Qx4)4
Higxnmctehnigcx eo ezonhet oe ztn`cte oc~ cg sge }idcte2 MNASXIT
Gi fe~ ehs`soehnøg CQH 0 : Xc mcxztchne co he`dni mc cgctkàe zi}cghneo
Q ? :/ zit oi }eg}i }eg}i qcoihnmem mc xeonme `cgit e oe qcoihnmem mc cg}teme
Ankste ='>' Cxusc`e mc sg Mnasxit
Cg}ighcx oe chsehnøg mc oe ztn`cte oc~ zete sg }idcte uscme cvztcxeme cg oe xnksncg}c ait`e fc , Qc4)4 0 fx , Qx4)4
Sge Qåoqsoe mc Cx}tegksoe`ncg}i/ Cx}tegksoe`ncg}i/ xn`zoc`cg}c cx sge tcx}tnhhnøg edtsz}e eo zexi mco aosnmi/ oi hseo }tec higxnki sge mnx`ngshnøg mc ztcxnøg/ eo nkseo usc co hexi mc oex }idctex ~ mnasxitcx oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit cx mcxztchnedoc< xng xng c`detki xn xc conkc sg qios`cg mc hig}tio oi xsanhncg}c eocbemi mc mnhfe tcx}tnhhnøg/ co he`dni mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe tcxso}e zcuscõi ~ oe Chsehnøg mc oe Ztn`cte Oc~/ xc tcmshc e2
fc 0 fx Ankste ='5:' Qåoqsoe mc Hig}tio
EXÀ/ USC SG ZTIHCXI MC CX]TEGKSOE@NCG]I XC KCGCTEO@CG]C HI@I NXICG]ÅOZNHI'
HIGXNMCTE
Angeo`cg}c/ sge xn`zoc ]sdctàe/ ]sdctàe/ }e`dnîg higx}n}s~c sg xnx}c`e cg cx}emi cx}edoc' Xn oe }sdctàe cx qct}nheo/ oix he`dnix mc cgctkàe zi}cghneo cg}tc oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme xscocg xct n`zit}eg}cx' Oi xnkgnanhe}nqi usc zscmcg xct oix }ît`ngix/ mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ mc }tegxactcghne mc heoit/ qe e mczcgmct mc heme ztidoc`e cg zet}nhsoet/ exà usc debi cx}ex higxnmctehnigcx zimc`ix cxhtndnt sge chsehnøg kcgcteo mc Ztn`cte Oc~ zete co hexi mc oe }sdctàe/ hi`i xnksc2 U , `&fc , Qc4)4 , Rc"k - fx - Qx4)4 - Rx"k. 0 :
Ztihcxix migmc fe~ }tedebi ]stdngex/ oix hi`ztcxitcx/ oex di`dex ~ oix qcg}noemitcx xig ezete}ix itmngetnix/ cg cx}emi cx}edoc/ usc ztcxcg}eg ng}ctehhnigcx mc }tedebi hig oix eotcmcmitcx' Cx}e cx oe chsehnøg dåxnhe mc Ztn`cte Oc~ zete cx}ix hexix2 U , `&fc , Qc4)4 , Rc"k - fx - Qx4)4 - Rx"k. - [ 0 :
Sge ]stdnge/ ]stdnge/ cx sg hi`zigcg}c ztimsh}it mc zi}cghne &i }tedebi zit sgnmem mc }nc`zi./ usc tceonre }tedebi `cmneg}c oe ti}ehnøg mc sg cbc' Co aosnmi e ztcxnøg cocqeme xc cvzegmc fex}e sge ztcxnøg ngactnit/ tceonregmi }tedebi hig}te oex exzex mc oe }stdnge' Hig atchscghne/ zcti gi xnc`ztc/ oix he`dnix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xig zcuscõix' Oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit e oix eotcmcmitcx }e`dnîg }e`dnîg cx kcgcteo`cg}c zcuscõe/ cg hi`zetehnøg hig co }tedebi ztimshnmi' Qezit e Ztcxnøg
Higxnmctehnigcx eo ezonhet oe ztn`cte oc~ cg sge ]stdnge2
eo}e
Gi fe~ ehs`soehnøg CQH 0 : Xc mcxztchne co he`dni mc cgctkàe zi}cghneo ~ co he`dni mc cgctkàe hngc}nhe CH 0CZ :
@c0 @x U 0 : & xc Exs`c emnedå}nhe.
[
Qezit i `crhoe e Ztcxnøg debe
Ankste ='55' ='55' Tcztcxcg}ehnøg mc sge }stdnge mc Qezit
Cg}ighcx oe chsehnøg mc ztn`cte oc~ xc cvztcxe cg oe xnksncg}c ait`e [ `&fc fx .
Co }tedebi &[ & [. tcxso}emi mco ezonhet oe ztn`cte oc~ cg sge }stdnge cx zixn}nqi &, & ,./ cx mchnt cx ztimshnmi zit co cusnzi
Oix Hi`ztcxitcx/ Hi`ztcxitcx/ tcusnctcg sge cg}tcke mc }tedebi zete ztimshnt sge ztcxnøg mc xeonme eo}e/ e zet}nt mc sge debe ztcxnøg mc cg}teme< kcgcteo`cg}c c`zoceg sg aosnmi mc }tedebi kexcixi' Higxnmctehnigcx eo ezonhet oe ztn`cte oc~ cg sg Hi`ztcxit2
Qezit i kex e ztcxnøg eo}e
Gi fe~ ehs`soehnøg CQH 0 : Xc mcxztchne co he`dni mc cgctkàe zi}cghneo ~ co he`dni mc cgctkàe hngc}nhe CH 0CZ :
@c0 @x U 0 : & xc Exs`c emnedå}nhi.
[ Qezit i kex e ztcxnøg debe
Ankste ='54' ='54' Tcztcxcg}ehnøg mc sg Hi`ztcxit
Cg}ighcx oe chsehnøg mc ztn`cte oc~ xc cvztcxe cg oe xnksncg}c ait`e [ `&fc fx .
Co }tedebi &[ &[. tcxso}emi mco ezonhet oe ztn`cte oc~ cg sge }stdnge cx zixn}nqi &&-./ cx mchnt cx higxs`nmi zit co cusnzi
Zit i}te zet}c/ zet}c/ Oix Qcg}noemitcx xc sxeg zete `iqct sg aosnmi kexcixi e qcoihnmemcx eo}ex/ `åx usc zete ztimshnt ktegmcx he`dnix mc oe ztcxnøg ~ kcgcteo`cg}c/ oe heg}nmem mc heoit cx mcxztchnedoc'
Aosnmi e debe qcoihnmem
Aosnmi e eo}e qcoihnmem
Ankste ='58' ='58' Tcztcxcg}ehnøg mc sg Qcg}noemit
Oex Di`dex }e`dnîg tcusnctcg usc xc oc xs`ngnx}tc }tedebi ~ xc oc exihne kcgcteo`cg}c hig co `egcbi mc oàusnmix ' Cg cx}ix }tcx ezete}ix oex zîtmnmex mc heoit xig kcgcteo`cg}c zcuscõex' [
Onu' Ztcxnøg eo}e
Onu' Ztcxnøg
Ankste ='5=' ='5=' Tcztcxcg}ehnøg mc sge Di`de ='='4'4 Xnx}c`e Hcttemi Hcttemi &@exe mc Hig}tio.' U [ `4 s 4 Ch4 Cz 4 `5 s5 Ch4 Cz4 Hi`i `4 `5 U [ `s 4 s5 Ch Ch 4 Ch5 Cz4 Cz5
Zete xnx}c`ex cx}ehnigetnix2
R 5 R 4 2
Q5 Q4
U [ `s4 s5
='='4'4 Ztihcxi mc Aosbi ~ Cx}emi Gi Cx}edoc &Hexi Sgnait`c.' Oex ztizncmemcx ng}cgxnqex ~ cv}cgxnqex mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio xn he`dneg hig co }nc`zi zit oi usc oe mcgxnmem cx gi higx}eg}c ~ }e`zihi co qios`cg' Oe heg}nmem mc cgctkàe usc cg}te e sg qios`cg mc hig}tio/ gi gchcxetne`cg}c mcdc xct nkseo e oe cgctkàe usc xeoc cg sg ztihcxi mc aosbi ngcx}edoc/ cx}i mcdnmi e oe ehs`soehnøg mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio' Oex ztizncmemcx mc cg}teme ~ xeonmex zscmcg xct mnactcg}cx cg mnx}ng}ex edct}stex mc cg}teme ~ xeonme'
OC^ MC HIGXCTQEHNØG MC OE @EXE Oe heg}nmem ~ oex ztizncmemcx mc oe `exe mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio he`dne hig co }nc`zi ~ mczcgmc mc oe heg}nmem mc `exe usc cg}te ~ xeoc mco qios`cg mc hig}tio msteg}c co ztihcxi'
` ` `qh ` ` &` ` .qh c
c
x
x
4
5
` ` c
x
m ` qh m}
='='='8 Xnx}c`e Ednct}i' Ztihcxi mc Aosbi ~ Cx}emi Gi Cx}edoc &Hexi Sgnait`c. & `qhig}tio : / Cqhig}tio : . Oex
ztizncmemcx ng}cgxnqex ~ cv}cgxnqex mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio xn he`dneg hig co }nc`zi zit oi usc oe mcgxnmem gi cx higx}eg}c eo nkseo usc co qios`cg'
Oe
heg}nmem mc cgctkàe usc cg}te eo qios`cg mc hig}tio/ gi gchcxetne`cg}c mcdc xct nkseo e oe heg}nmem mc cgctkàe usc xeoc'
Oex
ztizncmemcx mc cg}temex ~ xeonmex zscmcg xct mnactcg}cx cg mnx}ng}ex edct}stex mc cg}teme ~ xeonme'
`c f c Rk
Qc 4
4
U [ `x f x R k
Qx 4
4
`4
s4
Q 4 4
4
R 4 k
Q 4 Y ` s5 5 R 5k 5 4 qh
Zete sg ztihcxi mc hetke `x0i Zete sg ztihcxi mc mcxhetke `c0i ]e`dnîg ooe`emi Ztihcxi mc Cx}emi Sgnait`c ~ Aosbi Sgnait`c' Sgnait`c ' Cx}c }nzi mc ztihcxi cx}å exihnemi e xn}sehnigcx xn}sehnigcx cg migmc xc cx}å cx}å oocgegmi i qehnegmi eokòg mnxzixn}nqi/ ezete}i
i tchnzncg}c/ zsmncgmi cvnx}nt i gi cvnx}nt }tedebi Sxseo`cg}c cg cx}ix }nzix mc ztihcxix oix he`dnix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xig mcxztchnedocx/ uscmegmi sge chsehnøg dåxnhe mc Ztn`cte Oc~ hi`i xnksc2
Ankste ='53' Ztihcxix mc Hetke ~ Mcxhetke
U , ` cg} fcg} - ` xeo fxeo 0` angeo sAngeo - ` ngn sngn , [ Tcxs`e`ix xcksnme`cg}c hseo cx oe cvztcxnøg }àznhe mc Oe Ztn`cte Oc~ mc ehsctmi e heme mnxzixn}nqi
]EDOE TCXS@CG MC CHSEHNØG MC 5CTE OC^ XCKÒG OIX MNXZIXN]NQIX Cusnzi
Higxnmctehnigcx e.]i`egmi e.]i`egmi sg qios`cg mc hig}tio usc nghos~e sge xioe hittncg}c ~ hig2 Chng 0:/ Czi}0:/ Cqh0:/ Ng}cthe`dnemit `qh0:' ~ d. ]i`egmi sg qios`cg mc hig}tio usc Higmcgxemit nghos~e oex 4 hittncg}cx ~ hig2 U0:/ Chng 0:/ Czi}0:/ Cqh0:/ `qh0:' &Cx}emi Cx}edoc. `qh0:/ Cqh0:/[0:/ Heomcte Chng 0:/ Czi}0: &Cx}emi Cx}edoc. Mnasxit `qh0:/ Cqh0:/[0:/ ~ Chng :/ U0:/ ]idcte Czi}0: &Cx}emi Cx}edoc.
Cvztcxnøg ]àznhe e. U 0 `&fxeo5 ‘ fcg}5.
d. `5"fcg}5 , `4"fcg}4 0 `5"fxeo5 , `4"fxeo4
U 0 `&fxeo ‘ fcg}. fcg} , Qcg}4)4kh 0 fxeo , Qxeo4)4kh
Qåoqsoe `qh0:/Cqh0:/[0:/ mc Chng U0:/ 0:/ Cx}tegksoe`ncg Czi}0: }i &Cx}emi Cx}edoc. `qh0:/ Cqh0:/[:/ ]stdnge U0:/ 0:/ Chng Czi}0:' &Cx}emi Cx}edoc. `qh0:/ Cqh0:/[:/ Qcg}noemit U0:/ Chng :/ Czi}0:' &Cx}emi Cx}edoc. Di`de U0:/ Cqh0:/ [ :/ ~ Chng 0:/ Czi}0: Hi`ztcxit &Cx}emi Cx}edoc. `qh:/ Cqh:/ U:/ Tchnzncg}c Chng 0:/ Czi}0:/ `xeo &Oocgågmixc. 0:/ `cg}:/ [0: &sge xioe cg}teme. &Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc. `qh:/ Cqh:/[0:/ Tchnzncg}c U:/ 0:/ Chng &Qehnågmixc. Czi}0:' `cg} 0:/ `xeo: &sge xioe xeonme. &Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc.
fcg} 0fxeo
[ 0 `&fcg} ‘ fxeo. [0 ` &fcg} , Qcg}4)4kh ‘ fxeo ‘Qxeo4)4kh.
[ 0 `&fcg} ‘ fxeo.
U 0 ` angeo sAngeo - ` ngn sngn - ` cg} fcg}
U 0 ` angeosAngeo - ` ngn sngn, ` xeo fxeo
CBCTHNHNIX TCXSCO]IX CBC@ZOIX MC ZTIHCXIX MC AOSBI CX]EDOC2 5.' Tchncg}c`cg}c xc ztizsxi oe higx}tshhnøg mc sg texhehncoix mc sge `nooe mc eo}i &51:> `c}tix.' Xszigke`ix usc cg }eo texhehncoix xc ztizithnige co qezit mc heocaehhnøg fex}e co znxi `åx eo}i zit sg }sdi qct}nheo' Co qezit cg}te e gnqco mco xscoi hi`i qezit xe}stemi ~ xchi e sge ztcxnøg mc 4:: lZe' ~ cg oi eo}i oe ztcxnøg cx mc 3: lZe' Oe }tegx`nxnøg mc heoit e oi oetki mco }sdi cx mc 3'46 lB)Lk' ¹Hsåo cx oe heonmem/ xn cx xe}stemi/ i oe }c`zcte}ste xn cx xidtcheocg}emi/ e oe xeonme mco }sdi9
Rx 051:> `}
Qios`cg mc hig}tio
u0 -3'46 lBiso)Lk`
Rc 0 : `}
XIOSHNØG ]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Cx}edoc Me}ix2 Cmi' Cg}teme Zcg}04:: lZe Rcg}0: ` Qezit Xe}stemi u 0 -3'46 lB)lk`
Cmi' Xeonme Zxeo03: lZe Rxeo051:> `
Zete tcxzigmct oe ztcksg}e usc gix fehcg/ fe~ usc ztchnxet co cx}emi mc xeonme/ mco hseo xioi higihc`ix sge ztizncmem ng}cgxnqe/ oe ztcxnøg Zxeo03: lZe ' Ezonusc`ix oe chsehnøg mc ztn`cte oc~ &i`n}ncgmi oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe./ zete qct usc ngait`ehnøg emnhnigeo id}cgc`ix2 U , `c &fc,Rc"k. ‘ [ ‘ &`x"fx , Rx"k. 0 &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5.Cgct qio'Hig} &Gi}c/ usc cg cx}e chsehnøg gi ezetchc co }ît`ngi ‟ kh‐ / ~e usc cg co xnx}c`e ng}ctgehnigeo co `nx`i gi cx n`ztcxhngmndoc .
Higxnmctehnigcx2 -'Gi -'Gi fe~ gngkòg `iqn`ncg}i zit oi usc2 [0:' -'Zit xct sg ztihcxi cg cx}emi cx}edoc &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5.0: ~ zit xszscx}i oe `c 0 `x' -']i`egmi hi`i tcactcghne zete oe eo}ste oe cg}teme2 Rc0:'
Hig }imex cx}ex ztc`nxex oe Chsehnøg }i`e oe xnksncg}c ait`e2 U , `c"fc 0 `x&fx , Rx"k. Tchitmegmi usc2
U 0 `"u/ cg}ighcx2 `"u , `c"fc 0 `x&fx , Rx"k.
Xn mcxzcbe`ix ‟f x‐2
fx 0 u , fc - Rx"k
Xsx}n}s~cgmi qeoitcx2
Aeh}itcx mc higqctxnøg2 5 lBiso 05::: Biso 4 4 5 ` )xck 0 5 Biso)Lk
fx 0 \-3'46 lB)Lk` , 4;:1'; lB)lk` - &51:> ` " >'6 `)xck4."&5 lBiso)5::: Biso.P 0 4163'13 lB)Lk` Hig Zxeo03: lZe ~ fx04163'13 lB)Lk`/ xc mc}ct`nge usc co cx}emi cx qezit xidtcheocg}emi' Cg oe ]edoe mc qezit Xidtcheocg}emi/ ng}ctzioegmi/ xc id}ncgc2 ]xeonme 0 5:4'18 5:4 '18 ºH &Tcxz'. &Tcx z'.
4.'Cg sg ztihcxi mc cx}emi cx}edoc ~ aosbi cx}edoc/ xc `crhoe e`igàehi oàusnmi e 1: A ~ 4:: Zxne/ hig qezit mc e`igàehi xe}stemi e sge ztcxnøg mc 4:: Zxne' Co aosbi mc `exe mc oàusnmi ~ qezit xig nkseocx/ ~ oe `exe mc xeone cx 5 Od`)ft' Mcxzsîx mc oe `crhoe mc oe ztcxnøg cx mc 56: Zxne ~ oe heonmem mc 63#' Mc}ct`nget oe }tegx`nxnøg mc heoit msteg}c co ztihcxi mc `crhoe Oàusnmi &`c5. @crhoe &`x.
@crhoemit Qezit &`c4.
Xioshnøg2 ]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Cx}edoc Higmnhnigcx2 Zsg}i 5 ] c5 c5 01: A Zc50 4:: Zxne
Zsg}i 4 Z c4 c4 04:: Zxne Qezit xe}stemi
Zsg}i mc xeonme Z x x0 56: Zxne V0:'63
]i`c`ix sg qios`cg mc hig}tio usc nghos~e eo `crhoemit ~ ezonusc`ix oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ &i`n}ncgmi oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo/ ~e usc cg co cgsghnemi gi xc higxnmcteg.' Zit i}te zet}c/ co fchfi mc usc cvnx}e `åx mc sg aosbi cg}tegmi eo qios`cg mc hig}tio/ fehc zct}ngcg}c cxhtndnt oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Ztn`cte Oc~ hig sg xnkgi mc xs`e}itne2 U , `c"fc ‘ [ ‘ `x"fx 0 &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5.Cgct qio'Hig}
Higxnmctehnigcx2 -'Gi -'Gi fe~ gngkòg `iqn`ncg}i zit oi usc2 [0:' -'Zit xct sg ztihcxi cg cx}emi cx}edoc &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5.0:' -'Co }ît`ngi mc xs`e}itne mcxettiooemi cx2 `c"fc0 `c5"fc5, `c4"fc4 Hig cx}ex higxnmctehnigcx/ oe chsehnøg }i`e oe xnksncg}c ait`e2 U , `c5"fc5 , `c4"fc4 ‘ `x"fx 0 : Mcxzcbegmi co heoit2
U 0 `x"fx ‘ &`c5"fc5 , `c4"fc4.
Efite ezonusc`ix co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe `exe2 `c ‘ `x 0 `qhig}tio zit xct sg Ztihcxi cg Cx}emi Cx}edoc2 `qhig}tio0:/ cg}ighcx2 `c ‘ `x 0 :/ usc cusnqeoc e2
`c5 , `c4 0 `x co cgsghnemi mco ztidoc`e cx}edochc usc ‟` x 0 5 Od`)ft‟ ~ usc ‟` c5
0 `c4‟/ exà usc2
`c5 , `c5 0 5 Od`)ft/ mcxzcbegmi2 `c5 0 `c4 0 :'3 Od`)ft
Higihnmex ~e oex `exex/ xioi aeo}etàe id}cgct oex cg}eozàex2 Zsg}i52 Cx}c cx}emi cx oàusnmi hi`ztn`nmi/ zcti co qeoit mc xs cg}eozàe xc zscmc eztivn`et hig dex}eg}c ehcz}ehnøg eo mco oàusnmi xe}stemi e oe `nx`e }c`zcte}ste &fehncgmi hexi i`nxi e oe ztcxnøg./ exà2 f4:: Zxne/ 1: A fa 1: A 0 5:>'4 D}s)Od` Zsg}i 42 Co qeoit mc oe cg}eozàe xc occtå e 4:: Zxne hi`i qezit xe}stemi2 0fk4:: Zxne 0 184'; D}s)Od` Zsg}i mc xeonme2 Zete co zsg}i mc xeonme &56: &56: Zxne./ zit xct sg cx}emi mc `crhoe oe cg}eozàe xc heohsoetå cg asghnøg mc oe heonmem mc xeonme &Vx.2 fx 0 fax ,Vx"fakx
fx 0\5=8'8 , :'63"&184';-5=8'8.P0336'; D}s)Od` Xsx}n}s~cgmi qeoitcx cg oe Chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~2 U0\|5Od`)ft"336';D}s)Od` ‘&:'3 Od`"5:>'4D}s)Od`,:'3 Od`"184'; D}s)Od`.P 07 U 0 56;';3 D}s)ft &Tcxz'.
8.' Sg Zoeg}e mc Zi}cghne cx sg higbsg}i mc cusnzix usc izcteg cg sg hnhoi }ct`imngå`nhi/ hs~i idbc}nqi cx ztimshnt }tedebi hig tcxzch}i eo }nc`zi i xce Zi}cghne/ mc eooà xs gi`dtc' Fe~ usc }cgct `s~ ztcxcg}c usc heme sgi mc oix cusnzix izcteg cg Cx}emi Cx}edoc' Oe ankste usc xnksc `scx}te sg hnhoi mc zi}cghne xcghnooi2 heo
Oàu' Hi`z'
Qezit Xid'
5U4
Heomcte 5 3
4
[
Di`de
[D
]stdnge
=
8
`crho
Higmcgxemit
Onu' Hi`z'
higm
Oex higmnhnigcx cg heme zsg}i xig oe usc xc ngmnheg2 Zsg}i
Sdnhehnøg
Ztcxnøg
]c`zcte}ste i Heonmem
5
Xeonme mc oe heomcte
4': @Ze
8:: ²H
4
Cg}teme mc oe }stdnge
5' > @Ze
4>: ²H
8
Xeonme mc oe }stdnge ~ cg}teme mco higmcgxemit
53 lZe
>:#
=
Xeonme mco higmcgxemit ~ cg}teme mc oe di`de
5= lZe
=3 ²H
3
Xeonme mc oe di`de ~ cg}teme e oe heomcte
-
-
]tedebi mc cg}teme e oe Di`de zit sgnmem mc `exe0 = Lb)lk
Mc}ct`ngc oex xnksncg}cx heg}nmemcx zit lnoikte`i usc aos~c e }teqîx mco cusnzi2 E. ]tegxactcghne mc heoit cg oe }sdctàe cg}tc oe heomcte heomcte ~ oe }stdnge &u}sdc.' D. ]tedebi mc oe }stdnge &{}std. H. ]tegxactcghne mc heoit cg co higmcgxemit &uhigm. M. ]tegxactcghne mc heoit cg oe oe heomcte &uheom.' Zet}c E ]i`c`ix hi`i qios`cg mc hig}tio/ sgi usc nghos~e xioe`cg}c oe }sdctàe usc qe mc oe heomcte e oe }stdnge2 Qios`cg mc hig}tio
5
4
Ezonusc`ix oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ zete sg ztihcxi cg Cx}emi Cx}edoc2 U , `&fcg} , Qcg}4 )4kh , Rcg}"k)kh. - `&fxeo , Qxeo4 )4kh , Rxeo"k)kh . ‘ [ 0 : Higxnmctehnigcx 2
Mcxztchnetc`ix oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo' 4. Cg sge }sdctàe gi fe~ }tedebi mnx}ng}i eo }tedebi mc aosbi/ exà usc2 U}sdc 0 `&fxeo -fcg}. Hi`i oe `exe usc usc hnthsoe zit oe `åusnge cx mcxhigihnme/ zimc`ix heohsoet co heoit zit sgnmem mc `exe/ zexegmi e mnqnmnt oe `exe eo `nc`dti nrusnctmi2 U}sdc )` 0 f cg} - fxeo 0000 u}sdc 0 f4-f5
Zit oex }edoex mc qezit2 f5 08:48'3 lB)lk ~ f4 08::4'3 lB)lk Xsx}n}s~cgmi2 u}sdc 0 &8::4'3-8:48'3. lB)lk 00-45': lB)lk &Tcxz'.
Zet}c D Co }tedebi mc oe }stdnge xc id}cgmtå }i`egmi sg qios`cg mc hig}tio usc xioi ngqioshtc oe }stdnge &xc`cbeg}c eo hexi eg}ctnit. ~ ezonhegmi oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~/ cg cx}emi cx}edoc2 U , `&fcg} , Qcg}4 )4kh , Rcg}"k)kh. - `&fxeo , Qxeo4 )4kh , Rxeo"k)kh . ‘ [ 0 :
Higxnmctehnigcx 2
Mcxztchnetc`ix oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo' 4. Co heoit cg sge }stdnge/ kcgcteo`cg}c/ cx mcxztchnedoc' Exà usc2 [}std 0 `&fcg} -fxeo. Hi`i oe `exe usc hnthsoe zit oe `åusnge cx mcxhigihnme/ zimc`ix heohsoet co }tedebi zit sgnmem mc `exe/ zexegmi e mnqnmnt oe `exe eo `nc`dti nrusnctmi2 [}std ) ` 0 f cg} -fxeo 0 {}std 0 f4 ‘ f8 Oex cg}eozàe xc id}ncgcg mc oe xnksncg}c `egcte2 Zete co cx}emi 8/ zit xct `crhoe2 f80&441':, :'>"48;8'5. lB)Lk 04815'6 Lb)lk {}std 0 f4 ‘ f80 &8::4'3-4815'6. lB)Lk 0 1=:'; lB)Lk &Tcxz'.
Zet}c H ]i`c`ix hi`i qios`cg mc hig}tio/ sgi usc nghos~e xioe`cg}c eo higmcgxemit ~ ezonusc`ix oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ zete sg ztihcxi cg Cx}emi Cx}edoc2 U , `&fcg} , Qcg}4 )4kh , Rcg}"k)kh. - `&fxeo , Qxeo4 )4kh , Rxeo"k)kh . ‘ [0: Higxnmctehnigcx 2
Mcxztchnetc`ix oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo' 4. Cg sg higmcgxemit gi fe~ }tedebi mnx}ng}i eo }tedebi mc aosbi/ exà usc2 Uhigm 0 `&fxeo -fcg}. Hi`i oe `exe usc hnthsoe zit oe `åusnge cx mcxhigihnme/ zimc`ix heohsoet co heoit zit sgnmem mc `exe/ zexegmi e mnqnmnt oe `exe eo `nc`dti nrusnctmi2 Uhigm )` 0 f cg} - fxeo 0000
uhigm 0 f=-f8
Zete co cx}emi =/ zit xct oàusnmi hi`ztn`nmi/ xc zscmc eztivn`et e sg oàusnmi xe}stemi e oe `nx`e }c`zcte}ste &=3 ²H.2 f= 0 fa J=3 ²H0566'3 lB)Lk Xsx}n}s~cgmi2
uhigm 0 &566'3-4815'6. lB)lk 00-4815'6 lB)lk &Tcxz'.
Zet}c M Zete heohsoet co heoit cg oe heomcte/ higxnmctc`ix sg qios`cg mc hig}tio usc nghos~e xioe`cg}c e cx}c cusnzi ~ ezonusc`ix oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ cg Cx}emi Cx}edoc2
U , `&fcg} , Qcg}4 )4kh , Rcg}"k)kh. - `&f xeo , Qxeo4 )4kh , Rxeo"k)kh . -[ 0 : Higxnmctehnigcx 2
Mcxztchnetc`ix oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo' 4. Co }tedebi cg cx}c cusnzi cx gsoi' Exà usc2 Uheom 0 ` &fxeo - fcg}. Eo nkseo usc cg co hexi eg}ctnit2 Uheom ) ` 0 fxeo ‘ fcg} 0000 uheom 0 f5 ‘ f3 Cg cx}e òo}n`e chsehnøg ‟f 3‐ cx mcxhigihnme/ zit oi usc oe `nx`e xc id}cgmtå }i`egmi
hi`i qios`cg mc hig}tio sgi usc ngqioshtc xioe`cg}c e oe di`de ~ ezonhegmi oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ cg cx}emi cx}edoc' Hig oex `nx`ex higxnmctehnigcx usc zete co hexi mc oe }stdnge2 [di`de 0 fcg} -fxeo 0 {di`de 0 f= ‘ f3 Mcxzcbegmi ‟f3‐2
f30 f= ‘ {di`de
Xsx}n}s~cgmi2 f30 566'3 ‘ &-=. lB)lk 0 5>4'3 lB)lk Cg}ighcx2
uheom 0&8:48'3-5>4'3. lB)lk 04685 04685 lB)Lk &Tcxz'.
CBC@ZIX MC XNX]C@E MC HETKE ^ MCXHETKE2 MC XHETKE2 5-' Cg co mndsbi mndsbi usc xc `scx}te co hnongmti mc sg cocqemit asghnige hig qezit' Oe `exe mco znx}øg ~ xs hetke cbcthcg sge ztcxnøg higx}eg}c mc =: zxne' Ngnhneo`cg}c co hnongmti cx}å qehài ~ co znx}øg mcxhegxe cg oix }izcx hi`i xc qc cg oe ankste' Eo hnongmti/ usc cx}å dncg enxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c/ xc oc ng}timshc qezit mc sge heomcte e 5:: zxne ~ =:: ºA' ºA' ¹Hsåg}ex ondtex mc qezit xc mcdcg eon`cg}et zete ngnhnet co exhcgxi9 HETKE
5 Znc Hòdnhi
Qios`cg mc hig}tio
Qezit mc cg}teme
XIOSHNØG2 ]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc Mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc
Cmi' Cg}teme
Cmi' Xeonme
Z cg} cg} 05:: Zxne ]cg}0 =:: ºA `c 09
Gi Cvnx}c
Cmi'Ngnhneo Gi cvnx}c &Qehài &Qe hài..
hig}tio
Cmi' Angeo Z 4 40=: 0 =: Zxne Q4 05 znc8
Ezonhegmi oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ &mcxztchnegmi oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo./ zete co qios`cg mc hig}tio ngmnhemi2 U , `c"fc ‘ `x"fx ‘ [ 0 &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5. Cgct qio' Hig}tio Higxnmctehnigcx2 -' Oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xc mcxztchneg/ ~e usc gi fe~ ngait`ehnøg eo tcxzch}i' -' Zit cx}et enxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c2 U0: -' Cg co `i`cg}i usc hi`ncgre e ocqeg}etxc gi xc fe ztimshnmi gngkòg he`dni mc qios`cg zit oi usc2 [0: -' Zit gi fedct gngksge xeonme mc `exe2 ` x 0: `c"fc0 `4"s4 Ezonhegmi co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe `exe2 `c ‘ `x 0&`4 ‘ `5. `exe cg qio' Hig}tio Higxnmctehnigcx2 -' Zit cx}et ngnhneo`cg}c qehài2 ` 50: -' Zit gi }cgct gngksge xeonme mc `exe2 ` x0: Exà usc2 `c 0 `4/ cg}ighcx2 fc 0 s4 Cx}c egåonxnx/ oocqe e highosnt/ usc oi usc gix znmcg cx oe `exe usc cg}te eo hnongmti hsegmi oe ztcxnøg cx =: zxne< zcti }imeqàe zete cxc `i`cg}i co qios`cg ihszemi zit co qezit cx 5 znc hòdnhi' Exà usc oi ògnhi usc fehc aeo}e cx id}cgct co qios`cg cxzchàanhi angeo/ zete ezonhet oe aøt`soe2 `4 0 Q4 ) 4< zete oi hseo }cgc`ix usc mcangnt ztcqne`cg}c co cx}emi angeo cg co hnongmti' Dsxhegmi oe ‟fc‐ e 5:: zxne ~ =:: ºA&qezit xidtcheocg}emi. xc id}ncgc 544;'3 D}s)Od`'
Efite xc higihcg mix ztizncmemcx mco cx}emi angeo cg co hnongmti Z 40=: zxne ~ s40 544;'3 D}s)Od`' Xn oe }edoe usc sx}cm zixcc ezetchc }edsoeme oe ‟s‐ xioi }ncgc usc id}cgct cg cxe
}edoe co qios`cg cxzchàanhi/ zixndoc`cg}c zit ng}ctzioehnøg'
Cg co hexi hig}tetni/ xn gi ezetchc }edsoeme oe ‟s‐/ xc zet}c mco fchfi usc oe f 4 7 s4 &~e usc f 0 s , z"./ zit oi }eg}i xc zscmc dsxhet sge xioshnøg/ ‟hi`zoc}egmi‐ oe }edoe/ heohsoegmi qeoitcx mc tcactcghne mc ‟s‐ zete sge ztcxnøg mc =: Zxne/ cg}eozàex `e~itcx usc 544;'3 D}s)Od` ~ e }c`zcte}ste xszctnitcx e =:: A/ ~e usc oe }c`zcte}ste mcg}ti mc sg tchnzncg}c
enxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c/ }ct`nge }ct`nge xncgmi `e~it e oe mc oe cg}teme' Zix}ctnit`cg}c fedtå usc ng}ctzioetxc cg}tc oex ‟s‐ heohsoemex zete id}cgct co qios`cg cxzchàanhi dsxhemi' Cg cx}c
hexi co qios`cg cxzchàanhi cx}å hi`ztcgmnmi cg}tc2 53'163 Znc¸)Od` &s0545;'8 D}s)Od`. ~ 5;'5>1 Znc¸ )Od` &s05433'5 D}s)Od`.' Cach}segmi oe ng}ctzioehnøg &qct egcvi. zete co qeoit mc cgctkàe ng}ctge angeo mco xnx}c`e &544;'3 D}s)Od`. xc id}ncgc2 xnx 0
51' :> znc¸ )Od`/ ~ oe `exe zcmnme xctå2 `c0`4 0 5 znc¸)51':> znc¸)Od` 0:':14 Od` &Tcxz'. NG]CTZIOEHNIG MCO QIOS@CG CXZCHNANHI ANGEO Cg co hexi cg usc cg oe ]edoe gi ezetchc }edsoeme oe ‟s‐/ xc zet}c mco fchfi usc oe f 4 7 s4 &~e usc f 0 s , z "./ zit oi }eg}i xc zscmc dsxhet sge xioshnøg/ ‟hi`zoc}egmi‐ oe }edoe/ heohsoegmi qeoitcx mc tcactcghne mc ‟s‐ zete oe ztcxnøg mc =: Zxne/ cg}eozàex `e~itcx usc 544;'3 D}s)Od` ~ e }c`zcte}ste xszctnitcx e =:: A/ ~e usc co hig}cgnmi mc sg tchnzncg}c
enxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c/ }ct`nge }cgncgmi sge }c`zcte}ste xszctnit e oe mc oe cg}teme'
Zix}ctnit`cg}c
fedtå usc ng}ctzioetxc cg}tc oex ‟s‐ heohsoemex zete id}cgct co qios`cg
cxzchàanhi dsxhemi' Cg oe ]edoe mc qezit xidtcheocg}emi xc zscmc cv}tect oe ngait`ehnøg mc oex }tcx ztn`ctex hios`gex2 E =: Zxne2 ]c`zcte}ste f &D}s)od`. &A. ==: 5433'6 3:: 546='> 1:: 5888'5 ;:: 5864'=
Q &znc8)Od`. 58'4=8 5='51= 53'163 5;'5>1
S 0f-z" &D}s)od`. &heohsoeme zit Oe aøt`soe. 553;'6 556:'5 545;'8 5433'5
Cg cx}e }edoe xc fehc cqnmcg}c usc co qios`cg cxzchàanhi mco xnx}c`e cx}å hi`ztcgmnmi cg}tc 53'163 Znc8 )Od` &545;'8 D}s)Od`. ~ 5;'5>1 Znc8 )Od` &5433'5 D}s)Od`.' Zit oi }eg}i mcdc`ix zoeg}cet oe xnksncg}c ng}ctzioehnøg2 s & D}s)Od`. 545;'8 544;'3 5433'5
&znc8)Od`. 53'163 V 5;'5>1
Tcxioqncgmi2
051':> znc8)Od`
4-' Sg tchnzncg}c e ztcxnøg mc 5: znc8 mc qios`cg hig}ncgc oàusnmi ~ qezit mc Atcøg-54 e 6: ºA' Co tchnzncg}c hig}ncgc ngnhneo`cg}c 3:# mc qezit cg qios`cg' Oàusnmi xc cv}tec zit co aigmi mco }egusc ~ xc }tegx`n}c heoit eo }egusc/ eo ang mc `eg}cgct oe }c`zcte}ste higx}eg}c' Mc}ct`nget oe }tegx`nxnøg }tegx`nxnøg mc heoit eo }egusc hsegmi oe `n}em `n}em mc oe `exe ngnhneo fe xnmi cv}teàme mco tchnzncg}c'
Qezit Qios`cg mc hig}tio
Oàusnmi
XIOSHNØG2 ]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc Me}ix2 Mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio
Cmi' Cg}teme Gi Cvnx}c
Cmi' Xeonme Oàusnmi Xe}stemi ] xeo 06 : ºA xeo 06: `c 0`5
Cmi'Ngnhneo Q505: znc¸
] 506: 06 : ºA )4 O50:'3"Q5Q03 znc¸ Qq50:'3"Q503 znc¸
Cmi' Angeo Q405: znc¸ ` 4 40` 0 ` 5)4 ]40 6: ºA
Ezonhegmi oe Chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ &mcxztchnegmi oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo./ zete co qios`cg mc hig}tio ngmnhemi2 U , `c"fc ‘ [ - `x"fx 0 &`4"s4 ‘`5"s5. Cgct qio' Hig}tio Higxnmctehnigcx2 -' Zit gi fedct `iqn`ncg}i eoksgi/ e cvhczhnøg eo mco aosnmi2 [0: -' Zit gi fedct gngksge cg}teme mc `exe2 ` c 0:'
exà2 sa 0 fa ‘ ‘ Z"qa ":'563
Oe chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ uscme hi`i xnksc2 U 0 &`4"s4 ‘ `5"s5. , `x"fx
sk 0 fk ‘ Z"qk":'563
Oex ‟s‐ xc heohsoeg
Ezonhegmi co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe `exe2 `c ‘ `x 0 &`4 ‘ `5. `exe cg qio' Hig}tio Higxnmctehnøg2 -' Zit gi }cgct gngksge cg}teme mc `exe2 ` c0: Exà usc2
`x 0&`5 ‘ `4.
Co cmi' Ngnhneo cx mc `crhoe zit oi }eg}i xs cgctkàe ng}ctge xctå2 s5 0 sa5 , v5"sak5/ zcti oe heonmem xc id}ncgc hi`i xnksc2 `Onu50 &3 znc¸.) &:':544;; znc¸)Od`.0 =:;'4; Od`' `qez50 &3 znc¸.) &:'=5583 znc¸ )Od`. 0 54'51 54 '51 Od` `xnx50=5>'=8 Od`' Tchitmc`ix usc2
V5 0`q5 )`xnx5 V5 0 54'51 Od`)&=:;'4; , 54'51. Od` 0 :':8 s5 0 &41'5= , :':8"35'14.D}s)Od`0 4;'1> D}s)Od`
Zete co cmi angeo2
`xnx40 =5>'=8 Od`)4 0 4:>';4 Od` qxnx405: znc¸)4:>';4 Od` 0 :':=;16 znc¸ )Od`
Hig cx}c qios`cg cxzchnanhi ~ oe }c`zcte}ste angeo mc 6: A xc mc}ct`nge usc co cx}emi cx ‟`crhoe‐' Cg}ighcx2 V40&qxnx4-qa4.)qak40\&:':=>33-:':544;;.znc¸)Od`P):'8>>:;znc¸)Od` v4 0 :':> s4 0 &41'5= , :':>"35'14.D}s)Od` 0 8:';> D}s)Od` Oe cg}eozàe mc xeonme xc dsxhe d sxhe 6: ºA/ hi`i oàusnmi xe}stemi2 fx 0 41'813 D}s)Od` Xsx}n}s~cgmi angeo`cg}c2 U0 \4:>';4"8:'>=-=5>'=8"4;'1>,4:>';4"41'813P D}s08;4'38 D}s08;4'38 D}s &Tcxz'.
8. Zit sge }sdctàe aos~c qezit e :'6: @zexheo @zexheo ~ 43: ²H' Mc sge oàgce/ co qezit zexe e sge }stdnge/ ~ co qezit eki}emi cg}te e sge hå`ete mc 46'8 ` 8' Ngnhneo`cg}c oe hå`ete cx}å qehàe ~ oe }stdnge }stdnge zscmc izctet fex}e usc oe ztcxnøg ztcxnøg cg oe hå`ete xce xce :'6: @zexheo' Cg cx}c
zsg}i/ oe }c`zcte}ste mco qezit cx 8:: ²H' Xszigke co ztihcxi hi`zoc}i emnedå}nhi' Mc}ct`ngc co }tedebi mcxettiooemi zit oe }stdnge'
[ &}tedebi. Qios`cg mc Hig}tio
Hå`ete 8 Q046'8 `
XIOSHNØG2 ]nzi mc Ztihcxi2 Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc Me}ix2 Mcg}ti mco qios`cg mc hig}tio
Cmi' Cg}teme Zc 0:'6: @Ze ]c 043: ²H
Cmi' Xeonme Gi Cvnx}c
Cmi'Ngnhneo Gi cvnx}c &Qehài.
Cmi' Angeo Z40:'6 @ze 8 Q 4 4046'8 0 46'8 ` ]408:: ²H
[ 09 Ezonhegmi oe Chsehnøg mc Ztn`cte Oc~ zete sg ztihcxi cg Cx}emi Ngcx}edoc/ zete co qios`cg mc hig}tio ngmnhemi2 U , `c &fc,Qc4 )4kh, Rc"k)kh. - `x &fx, Qx4,Rx"k)kh. - [0 &`4"s4 - `5"s5. Higxnmctehnigcx2 -' Oix }ît`ngix mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe ~ zi}cghneo xig mcxztchnedocx/ ~e usc gi fe~ ngait`ehnøg eo tcxzch}i' -' Zit xct co ztihcxi emnedå}nhi2 U0: -' Zit gi fedct gngksge xeonme mc `exe2 ` x0:
-' Zit cx}et qehài ngnhneo`cg}c2 ` 50: ]i`egmi cg hscg}e cx}ex higxnmctehnigcx/ oe chsehnøg mc ztn`cte oc~ xc higqnct}c cg2 `c"fc ‘ [ 0 `4"s4 Zit oi }eg}i2
[ 0 `c"fc ‘ `4"s4
Ezonhegmi co Ztnghnzni mc Higxctqehnøg mc oe `exe2 `c ‘`x 0 &`4 ‘`5. Higxnmctehnigcx2 -' Zit cx}et ngnhneo`cg}c qehài2 ` 50: -' Zit gi }cgct gngksge xeonme mc `exe2 ` x0: Exà usc2 `c0 `x0` [0`&fc-fx. Oe cg}eozàe mc cg}teme &fc. xc occ e :'6 @ze ~ 43: H &Qezit Xidtcheocg}emi. fc0 4>3:': Lb)lk Oe cgctkàe ng}ctge angeo angeo xc occ e :'6 :'6 @ze ~ 8:: H &Qezit Xidtcheocg}emi. s40 4;>;'4 Lb)lk Oe `exe xc zscmc id}cgct e zet}nt mc oex higmnhnigcx angeocx mcg}ti mc oe hå`ete2 `4 0Q4 ) 4 046'8 `8 ) :'84=5 `8 ) lk0 6;'84 Lk
Xsx}n}s~cgmi qeoitcx2 [0 6;'84 Lk&4>3:': ‘4;>;'4.lB)Lk 0588=4'3 0588=4'3 Lb
='3 HEOITCX CXZCHÀANHIX ='3'5 Heoit Cxzchàanhi e Qios`cg Higx}eg}c &Hq. Cgctkàe tcusctnme zete es`cg}et oe }c`zcte}ste mc sge heg}nmem sgn}etne mc xsx}eghne cg sg ktemi hsegmi co qios`cg xc `eg}ncgc higx}eg}c' Oe cgctkàe ng}ctge zete sge Mctnqegmi2
Q 0 H}}c ` 05k ]05 H
xn`zoc hi`z' S 0 a &]/q.
s s m] mQ ] Q Q ]
ms
Oe qetnehnøg mc cgctkàe ng}ctge hig tcxzch}i e ] `eg}cgncgmi co qios`cg higx}eg}c2 s Hq 0
] Q s mQ Q ]
ms Hq'm]
s/ ] ~ q xig ztizncmemcx }ct`imngå`nhex zit oi }eg}i co H q }e`dnîg oi cx'
='3'4 Heoit Cxzchàanhi e Ztcxnøg Higx}eg}c &Hz. Cgctkàe tcusctnme zete es`cg}et oe }c`zcte}ste mc sge `exe sgn}etne mc sge xsx}eghne cg sg ktemi hsegmi oe Ztcxnøg cx higx}eg}c
Z0H @05 lk ]05 H
Ankste ='51' Xnx}c`e e Ztcxnøg Higx}eg}c
Oe cg}eozàe xc cvztcxe `e}c`å}nhe`cg}c cg asghnøg asghnøg mc oe }c`zcte}ste }c`zcte}ste ~ oe ztcxnøg' f 0 a &]/Z.
Mctnqegmi2 f f m] mZ ] Z Z ]
mf
Oe qetnehnøg mc oe cg}eozàe hig tcxzch}i e oe }c`zcte}ste `eg}cgncgmi oe ztcxnøg higx}eg}c cx Hz' f Hz 0
] Z f 'mz Z
mf Hz m]
f/ ] ~ Z xig ztizncmemcx zit oi }eg}i Hz cx sge ztizncmem }ct`imngå`nhe
Sgnmemcx lB
l B
lB
lk H
l kL
lk`ioH
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3. Mc}ct`ngc oe ztcxnøg usc oc hittcxzigmc eo Atcøg-54 hig sge }c`zcte}ste 6: ²A ~ cg}eozàe mc 61'85 D}s)Od`' Tcxscoqe2 e. Egeoà}nhe`cg}c sxegmi oex ‟]edoex mc Qezit‐/ d.
Ktåanhe`cg}c sxegmi co Mnekte`e Ztcxnøg- cg}eozàe &Z-f.'
1. Heohòocxc co }tedebi zit od`/ ztimshnmi zit sge }stdnge xn oex higmnhnigcx mc cg}teme xig2 5:: zxne/ ]0 =:: ²A ~ oex higmnhnigcx mc xeonme xig 5='; zxne/ V0 >3#/ tcxscoqe2 e. Sxegmi oex }edoex }ct`imngå`nhex d. Sxegmi co mnekte`e mc @ioonct &cg}eozàe-cg}tizàe. ;. Heohsoc co }tedebi zit od`/ higxs`nmi zit sg hi`ztcxit usc xshhnige co Atcøg ‘54 e 4: zxne hi`i qezit xe}stemi ~ oi mcxhetke e 5:: zxne ~ 4:: ²A2 e. Sxegmi oex }edoex }ct`imngå`nhex d. Sxegmi co mnekte`e Ztcxnøg-cg}eozàe 6. Aos~c qezit mc ekse e }teqîx mc sge }stdnge emnedå}nhe' Oex higmnhnigcx mc cg}teme xig xig 5: @Ze/ =3: ²H/ ~ 6: `)x ~ sge eo}ste mc 8 `}x' Oex higmnhnigcx mc xeonme xig 5: Lze/ >4# mc heonmem/ 3: `)x `)x ~ eo}ste mc 5'3 `}x' `}x' Mc}ct`ngc2 e. Co he`dni mc cgctkàe hngî}nhe cg}tc oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme &zit sgnmem mc `exe.' d. Co he`dni mc cgctkàe zi}cghneo cg}tc oe cg}teme ~ oe xeonme zit sgnmem mc `exe' h. Oe zi}cghne zi }cghne mcxettiooeme zit sgnmem mc `exe &Lb)Lk.' &Lb)Lk.' m. Xn oe `exe usc hnthsoe e }teqîx mc oe }stdnge cx 54 Lk)xck/ hsåo cx oe zi}cghne }i}eo mcxettiooeme &L[.' c. Zete co `nx`i aosbi `åxnhi memi cg co ezet}c ‟m‐ mc}ct`ngc co mnå`c}ti mc oe }sdctàe zit oe usc cg}te co qezit'
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5=.Sg 5=. Sg hi`ztcxit/ usc cx `iqnmi zit sge kteg }stdnge/ tchndc entc mco e`dncg}c e >3 lZe/ 4: H/ hig debe qcoihnmem' Co hi`ztcxit mcxhetke co entc e 86: lZe/ 86: H/ hig sge qcoihnmem mc 55: `)xck' Oe zi}cghne mc cg}teme mco hi`ztcxit cx 3::: L[' Mc}ct`ngc co aosbi mc `exe `exe usc hnthsoe e }teqîx mco hi`ztcxit' hi`ztcxit' 53.Higxnmctc 53. Higxnmctc sge heomcte usc tchndc oàusnmi hi`ztn`nmi e 5: @Ze/ 8: H e }teqîx mc sge }sdctàe mc 8: `` mc mnå`c}ti mnå`c}ti e terøg mc 8 on}tix)xck' Qezit xe}stemi xeoc mc oe heomcte zit sge }sdctàe mco `nx`i mnå`c}ti e sge ztcxnøg mc > @Ze' Heohsoc oe qcoihnmem mc oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit eo ekse' 51.Sg 51. Sg }egusc tàknmi mc :'5 ` 8 hig}ncgc ngnhneo`cg}c qezit mc ekse xe}stemi e 54: ²H' Co }egusc cx higch}emi zit `cmni mc sge qåoqsoe e sge oàgce mc eon`cg}ehnøg usc higmshc qezit e 5 @ze ~ 8:: ²H' Mcxzsîx cx ednct}e oe qåoqsoe ~ co qezit cg}te eo }egusc' Oe }tegxactcghne mc heoit xc oocqe e hedi hig oix eotcmcmitcx mc `egcte usc oe }c`zcte}ste cg co }egusc zct`egchc higx}eg}c cg 54: ²H }imi co }nc`zi' Oe qåoqsoe xc hnctte hsegmi xc idxctqe usc oe `n}em mco qios`cg mco }egusc cx ihszeme zit ekse oàusnme' Mc}ct`ngc e. Oe ztcxnøg angeo cg co }egusc' d. Oe heg}nmem mc qezit usc fe cg}temi cg co `nx`i' h. Oe heg}nmem mc }tegxactcghne mc heoit' 5;.Sg 5;. Sg }egusc enxoemi }ît`nhe`cg}c mc 5 `8 hig}ncgc mc entc e 4: H/ 3:: lZe' Co }egusc xc higch}e zit sge qåoqsoe e sge oàgce zit migmc aos~c entc e 4 @Ze/ 4: H' Oe qåoqsoe xc edtc ~ cg}te `åx entc eo }egusc fex}e usc oe ztcxnøg mcg}ti mco `nx`i cx 5'3 @ze/ cg cx}c `i`cg}i xc hnctte oe qåoqsoe' ¹Hsåo cx oe }c`zcte}ste mcg}ti mco }egusc cg co `i`cg}i usc xc hnctte oe qåoqsoe9 56.Xc 56. Xc cx}tegksoe qezit mc 3:: Zxne ~ 6:: A fex}e sge ztcxnøg mc 8:: Zxne' Xc ztcksg}e ¹Hsåo cx oe }c`zcte}ste angeo9 ¹Usî qeoit oc hittcxzigmc eo Hicanhncg}c mc Bisoc]fi`xig cg cx}c ztihcxi9 ¹ Xc ztimshc higmcgxehnøg zethneo mc cx}c qezit9'&Tcxscoqe qezit9'&Tcxscoqe sxegmi co Mnekte`e mc @ioonct. 5>. Co HNHOI TCKCGCTE]NQI/ cx sg hnhoi mc zi}cghne usc s}nonre co ztcheocg}e`ncg}i mco ekse mc eon`cg}ehnøg e oe heomcte/ heomcte/ zete oi hseo xc cv}tec hnct}e heg}nmem heg}nmem mc qezit usc hnthsoe e }teqîx mc oe }stdnge' Hig cx}i xc oikte nghtc`cg}et co tcgmn`ncg}i i oe canhncghne mco hnhoi' Cg oe xnksncg}c ankste xc `scx}te sg hnhoi mc cx}c }nzi hig sg
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