Hidrolisis Dan KSP

FDEZ@ = CIEWD@I]I] KHWHF EHB CH]I@ LH@I LJ@HWZUHB Uzazhb _jfgj`hahwhb ]juj`hc fjfpj`hahwi fdez` ibi pj}jwuh eieil eichwhplhb fhfpz1 8" Fjbjbuzlhb ajbi} khwhf yhbk fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} eh`hf hiw ehb pC `hwzuhb khwhf ujw}jgzu" 7" Fjbkkzbhlhb lzw~h pjwzghchb chwkh pC pheh uiuwh}i h}hf gh}h zbuzl fjbaj`h}lhb `hwzuhb pjbyhbkkh ehb ciewdì}i} =" Fjfpwjeil}i ujwgjbuzlbyh jbehphb ehwi }zhuz wjhl}i gjweh}hwlhb pwib}ip lj`hwzuhb ehb ch}i` lhì lj`hwzuhb"

Wjn`jl}i ujbuhbk1 Ciewdì}i} Khwhf ehb Ch}i` Lhì Lj`hwzuhb Khwhf Liuh ujbuz }zehc uiehl h}ibk `hki ejbkhb qhu lifih yhbk }huz ibi" [hwbhbyh pzuic gjwgjbuzl }jwgzl ehb wh}hbyh h}ib" Khwhf ehpzw huhz bhuwizf l`dwieh eikzbhlhb }jghkhi pjfgjwi wh}h pheh fh}hlhb" ]j`hib eikzbhlhb }jghkhi pjfgjwi wh}h pheh fh}hlhb khwhf azkh eikzbhlhb }jghkhi ghchb pjbkh{ju fhlhbhb" Khwhf ehpzw chbyh`hc }huz ehwi }jlihb ghbyhl ajbi} khwhf yhbk `hibbyh" ` hibbyh" Fh}ic ghbyhl khwhf yhbk `hib ejbkhb gjwghkhi ljkzbhhb" Ei bjkhwh & bjkhwh yhbk fjbkh`hfi fz}if }hàz khwhf eiuhgzwlhb zbuzl fjbmhiwlhb }hàz yhbk fjbzuzpi ah`hb" @hwzuhb khwhf azkh eikzbhlhb eh`hf ezbih fjei} zbuzl fjbhbkhbi lh}z} ejciewh}i" Khwhf yhbk phìbk ujwljbh` heh`hc khwhf ehpzw huhz bhuwizf l`dwieh ejbkhb wzfz} BhM`" Khwhf ehpzw ujwehphu ei eh`hf hiw `hzu ejbkhb azf`hc yhbk mzlzp ghbyhl }jcibkkh khwhf ehpzw ehphu eipjwd`jc ejbkhb fjbkzhplhb hiw `hzu" Ei gjgjwhph ujfphu khwhf ehpzw ehphu azkh eiehphu ehwi eh`hf uhbhc zbuzl fjfzwbilhbbyh ei`hlzlhb pwd}j} pjfi}hchb mhfpzwhb" ]j`hib BhM` ghbyhl }jlhì }jbyh{h khwhf yhbk eikzbhlhb eh`hf pwdezl&pwdezl lifih }jchwi&chwi }jpjwui pheh }hgzb pzpzl dghu&dghuhb ghclhb }jghkhi qhu heiuin fhlhbhb" Bhuwizf l`dwieh uiehl fjbkzghc {hwbh `hlfz} fjwhc fjbahei giwz huhz `hlfz} giwz fjbahei fjwhc gjwhwui `hwzuhbbyh gjw}inhu bjuwh`" Ei `hgdwhudwizf khwhf ehpzw ehphu eigzhu ehwi wjhl}i hbuhwh h}hf ehb gh}h"

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Khfghw 5"8 Khwhf Ehpzw

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Bi`hi _jbeieilhb Lhwhlujw yhbk ujwibujkwh}i 

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ldb}uhbuh idbi}h}i h}hf #Lh)

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ldb}uhbuh idbi}h}i gh}h #Lg)

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h}hf gh}h `j{i}

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ldb}uhbuh idbi}h}i hiw #l{)

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h}hf lzhu

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h}hf `jfhc

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gh}h lzhu

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gh}h `jfhc

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pC

]uhbehw Mhphihb ]uhbehw mhphihb fjwzphlhb ibeilhudw ch}i` gj`hahw yhbk chwz} eimhphi pj}jwuh eieil" ]uhbehw mhphihb eh`hf fdez` ciewdì}i} khwhf heh`hc 1 8"8" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbjbuzlhb miwi&miwi gjgjwhph ajbi} khwhf yhbk ehphu ujwciewdì}i} eh`hf hiw fj`h`zi pjwmdghhb 8"7" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbjbuzlhb }inhu khwhf yhbk ujwciewdì}i} ehwi pjw}hfhhb wjhl}i idbi}h}i 8"=" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbkciuzbk pC `hwzuhb khwhf yhbk ujwciewdì}i} 7"8" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbkhbhì}i} kwhnil ch}i` uiuwh}i h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h `jfhc h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h lzhu zbuzl fjbaj`h}lhb `hwzuhb pjbyhbkkh ehb ci ewdì}i}" ="8" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbaj`h}lhb lj}juifghbkhb eh`hf `hwzuhb ajbzc huhz `hwzuhb khwhf yhbk }zlhw `hwzu ="7" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbkczgzbklhb ujuhphb ch}i` lhì lj`hwzuhb ejbkhb uibklhu lj`hwzuhb huhz pjbkjbehphbbyh ="=" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbzì}lhb zbklhphb gjwghkhi L}p j`jluwdìu yhbk }zlhw `hwzu eh`hf hiw ="5" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbkciuzbk lj`hwzuhb }zhuz j`jluwdìu yhbk }zlhw `hwzu gjweh}hwlhb ehuh chwkh L}p huhz }jghìlbyh =":" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbaj`h}lhb pjbkhwzc pjbhfghchb idb }jbhfh eh`hf `hwzuhb =">" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbjbuzlhb pC `hwzuhb ehwi chwkh L}p&byh =";" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjfpjwliwhlhb ujwgjbuzlbyh jbehphb gjweh}hwlhb chwkh L}p

Mjl Ljfhfpzhb H{h` 8"

]jghbyhl 7=5 kwhf BhM` #Fw 6 :3:) ei`hwzulhb ljeh`hf hiw }hfphi ~d`zfj :?? f@" gjwhph fd`hwiuh}byh4

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Gjwhph kwhf BhDC yhbk ujwlhbezbk eh`hf 8:? f@ `hwzuhb BhDC ?:F4

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887 kwhf LDC #Fw6:>) ei`hwzulhb eh`hf 7:?f@ hiw" ^d`zfj `hwzuhb eihbkkhp uiehl gjwzghc" Fhlh ldb}jbuwh}i `hwzuhb ujw}jgzu heh`hc4

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_wh}yhwhu Ahei }jgj`zf Hbeh fjfpj`hahwi fdez` ciewdì}i} khwhf ehb ch}i` lhì lj`hwzuhb Hbeh chwz} fjbkzh}hi ldb}jp `hwzuhb }udilidfjuwi `hwzuhb lj}juifghbkhb lifih ehb Ldb}jp h}hf h}hf gh}h" Ehwi ldb}jp&ldb}jp ujw}jgzu hbeh hlhb fhfpz fjbkciuzbk pC ehwi ciewdì}i} `hwzuhb khwhf ehb ch}i` lhì lj`hwzuhb }zhuz khwhf }juj`hc iuz Hbeh hlhb fhfpz fjfpwjeil}ilhb }inhu khwhf lj`hwzuhb ehb pjbkjbehphb }zhuz khwhf ehwi `hwzuhbbyh"


>3

LJKIHUHB _JFGJ@HAHWHB 8 H" CIEWD@I]I] KHWHF Uj`hc liuh pj`hahwi eh`hf fdez` pjwuhfh ghc{h wjhl}i h}hf ehb gh}h hlhb fjbkch}i`lhb khwhf" ]jcibkkh wjhl}i ujw}jgzu eigjwi bhfh wjhl}i pjbkkhwhfhb huhz bjuwhì}h}i" Fj}lipzb gjwbhfh wjhl}i bjuwhì}h}i huhz pjbjbuwh`hb ujuhpi ch}i` wjhl}i hbuhwh h}hf ehb gh}h uiehl }j`h`z gjw}inhu bjuwh` ujuhpi gi}h gjw}inhu h}hf huhzpzb gh}h ujwkhbuzbk pheh h}hf ehb gh}h yhbk eiwjhl}ilhb" Wjhl}i hbuhwh h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu hlhb fjbkch}i`lhb `hwzuhb yhbk gjw}inhu bjuwh` wjhl}i h}hf lzhu ejbkhb gh}h `jfhc hlhb fjbkch}i`lhb }inhu h}hf wjhl}i hbuhwh gh}h lzhu ehb h}hf `jfhc hlhb gjw}inhu gh}h }jehbklhb zbuzl h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h `jfhc `hwzuhb hlhb ujwkhbuzbk pheh Lh ehb Lg" Ailh Lh `jgic gj}hw ehwi Lg `hwzuhb hlhb gjw}inhu h}hf gjkiuz azkh }jghìlbyh ailh Lg `jgic gj}hw ehwi Lh `hwzuhb hlhb gjw}inhu gh}h" Zbuzl `jgic `jbklhpbyh pjwchuilhb Uhgj` ="8

Uhgj` ="8 ]inhu `hwzuhb Khwhf H}h` lhuidb

H}h` hbidb

pC `hwzuhb khwhf

Mdbudc khwhf

Gh}h lzhu

H}hf lzhu

;? #Bjuwh`)

LI ]w#M`D5)7 BhM`

Gh}h lzhu

H}hf `jfhc

2 ;? #Gh}h)

LBD7 Gh] BhN

Gh}h `jfhc

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0 ;? #H}hf)

BC5M`D5 H`M`= #BC5)7]D5

Gh}h `jfhc

H}hf `jfhc

Ujwkhbuzbk bi`hi Lh$Lg

H`N= B7C:BD7 #BC5)7]

]inhu khwhf yhbk gjwzph h}hfgh}h huhzpzb bjuwh` ehphu eiaj`h}lhb ejbkhb ldb}jp ciewdì}i} khwhf" Ciewdì}i} gjwh}h` ehwi lhuh ciewd yhbk gjwhwui hiw ehb

ì}i} yhbk gjwhwui pjbkzwhihb"

]jcibkkh ciewdì}i} ehphu eihwuilhb pjbkzwhihb d`jc hiw" Khwhf hlhb gjw}inhu h}hf ailh }hhu ,

,

eizwhilhb d`jc hiw fjbkch}i`lhb idb C =D huhz C ehb hlhb gjw}inhu gh}h ailh yhbk eich}i`lhb &

heh`hc idb DC " Gjweh}hwlhb pjbaj`h}hb ei huh} khwhf&khwhf yhbk fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} heh`hc 

khwhf ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h `jfhc

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khwhf ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h lzhu

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khwhf ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h `jfhc

Kd Ud @hg Zbuzl fjbkjuhczi khwhf yhbk ujwciewdì}i} ehphu eiujbuzlhb fj`h`zi pjbkjmjlhb }inhu h}hf ehb gh}h ehwi khwhf ujw}jgzu" Ghkhifhbh mhwhbyh4 @hlzlhb ljkihuhb gjwilzu"

Jl}pjwifjb Ciewdì}i} Khwhf Zbuzl fjbkzai khwhf yhbk fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} ehb yhbk uiehl ujwciewdì}i} `hlzlhb ljkihuhb gjwilzu" 8" Ejbkhb `hlfz} fjwhc ehb `hlfz} giwz ujbuzlhb`hc }inhu fh}ibk&fh}ibk `hwzuhb gjwilzu" MC=MDDBh ?8 F BC5M` ?8 F #BC5)7]D5 ?8 F   


>9

Bh7] ?8 F BhM` ?8 F   L7]D5 ?8 F  BC5N ?8 F Ujbuzlhb h}hf ehb gh}h pjfgjbuzl khwhf u jw}jgzu" @jbklhpi`hc uhgj` gjwilzu" 

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MC=MDDBh BC5M` #BC5)7]D5 Bh7] BhM` L7]D5 BC5N

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H}hf _jfgjbuzl ………………………" ………………………" ………………………" ………………………" ………………………" ………………………" ………………………"

]inhu @hwzuhb Khwhf ………………………" ………………………" ………………………" ………………………" ………………………" ………………………" ………………………"

Mhwi`hc czgzbkhb hbuhwh }inhu `hwzuhb khwhf yhbk Hbeh pjwd`jc ehwi pjbkzaihb fjbkkzbhlhb ljwuh} `hlfz} ejbkhb }inhu h}hf gh}h pjfgjbuzlbyh" Gzhu`hc lj}ifpz`hb ehwi czgzbkhb pC khwhf ejbkhb }inhu h}hf gh}h pjfgjbuzlbyh(

:"

8" Khwhf ehwi H}hf Lzhu ehb Gh}h Lzhu Khwhf yhbk gjwh}h` ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu uiehl fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} ehb gjw}inhu bjuwh`" Ei eh`hf hiw khwhf ibi fjbkh`hfi idbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjbahei hbidb ehb lhuidb" Mdbudc 1 Khwhf BhM` LI L7]D5 ,

&

Ei eh`hf hiw BhM` ujwidbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjfgjbuzl idb Bh ehb M` ,

BhM`#hx)

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, C7D#`)

#uiehl heh wjhl}i)

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, C7D#`) #uiehl heh wjhl}i) D`jc lhwjbh iuz `hwzuhb ujuhp gjw}inhu bjuwh` #pC6;)

Khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu hlhb gjw}inhu bjuwh` 7" Khwhf ehwi H}hf Lzhu ehb Gh}h @jfhc Khwhf yhbk

ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ejbkhb gh}h `jfhc hlhb fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i}

}jghkihb eh`hf hiw" Mdbudc ehwi khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h `jfhc heh`hc ,

&

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BC5M`" Khwhf ibi hlhb ujwidbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjfgjbuzl idb BC 5 ehb idb M` " Idb BC5 heh`hc h}hf ldbazkh}i ehwi gh}h `jfhc BC 5DC }jcibkkh ehphu fjfgjwilhb idb C

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ljpheh hiw"

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idb C ehwi hiw" Wjhl}i yhbk ujwahei ehphu eiuzì}1 , ” BC5M`#hx) BC5 #hx) , M` #hx) , , BC5 #hx) , C7D#`) BC5DC#hx) , C #hx) , ” , BC5M`#hx) , C7D#`) BC5DC#hx) , C #hx) , M` #hx) Wjhl}i ehwi khwhf ibi fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} }jghkihb ehb gjw}inhu h}hf lhwjbh ehwi wjhl}i ibi , eich}i`lhb idb C "

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Khwhf ehwi H}hf @jfhc ehb Gh}h Lzhu


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Khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h lzhu hlhb fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} }jghkihb eh`hf hiw" Mdbudc ehwi khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h lzhu heh`hc MC=MDDBh" &

,

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Khwhf ibi hlhb ujwidbi}h}i fjfgjbuzl idb MC=MDD ehb idb Bh " idb Bh heh`hc h}hf ldbazkh}i &

ehwi gh}h lzhu BhDC }jcibkkh uiehl ujwciwdì}i} eh`hf hiw }jehbkhblhb idb MC=MDD heh`hc gh}h ,

ldbazkh}i ehwi h}hf `jfhc MC=MDDC }jcibkkh ehphu fjbhwil idb C ehwi hiw" Ei eh`hf hiw MC=MDDBh hlhb ujwidbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjbzwzu pjw}hfhhb wjhl}i" ” #hx)

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MC=MDDBh#hx)

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5" Khwhf ehwi H}hf @jfhc ehb Gh}h Lzhu ]h`hc }huz mdbudc khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h `jfhc heh`hc BC 5MC=MDD" Ei , & , eh`hf hiw BC5MC=MDD hlhb ujwidbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjbahei idb BC 5 ehb idb MC=MDD " BC5 , fjwzphlhb h}hf ldbazkh}i ehwi gh}h `jfhc `jfhc BC5DC yhbk hlhb fjfgjwilhb idb C eh`hf hiw" ” Ejfilihb pz`h ejbkhb idb MC =MDD fjwzphlhb gh}h ldbazkh}i ehwi h}hf `jfhc MC=MDDC ehb , azkh hlhb gjwjhl}i ejbkhb hiw ejbkhb fjbkhfgi` idb C ehwi hiw" Wjhl}i yhbk ujwahei ehphu eiuzì}lhb }jghkhi gjwilzu" ,

MC=MDDBC5#hx) , BC5 #hx) , C7D#`) ” MC=MDD #hx) , C7D#`) MC=MDDBC5#hx) ,7 C7D#`)

”

BC5 #hx) , MC=MDD #hx) , BC5DC#hx) , C #hx) ” MC=MDDC#hx) , DC #hx) , ” MC=MDDC#hx) , BC5DC#hx) , C #hx) , DC #hx) ,

,

”

_heh ch}i` wjhl}i ujwehphu idb C ehb DC " Ahei khwhf ibi gi}h gjw}inhu h}hf gh}h huhz bjuwh` ujwkhbuzbk ehwi ljlzhuhb h}hf ehb ljlzhuhb gh}h ehwi h}hf ehb gh}h pjfgjbuzlbyh" Ljlzhuhb h}hf ehb gh}h gjw}hbklzuhb eiuzbazllhb d`jc chwkh Lh #ujuhphb idbi}h}i h}hf `jfhc) ehb Lg #ujuhphb idbi}h}i gh}h `jfhc)" , ”  Ailh chwkh Lh 2 Lg gjwhwui \C V 2 \DC V }jcibkkh khwhf gjw}inhu h}hf" ,

”



Ailh chwkh Lh 0 Lg gjwhwui \C V 0 \DC V }jcibkkh khwhf gjw}inhu gh}h"



Ailh chwkh Lh 6 Lg gjwhwui \C V 6 \DC V }jcibkkh khwhfgjw}inhu bjuwh`"

,

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Mcjfimh` Uj}u 8"

Aj`h}lhb yhbk Hbeh ljuhczi ujbuhbk ciewdì}i}4

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;8

G" Fjbkciuzbk pC @hwzuhb Khwhf Wjhl}i ciewdì}i} khwhf fjwzphlhb wjhl}i pj`hwzuhb khwhf eh`hf hiw" [h`hzpzb azf`hc khwhf yhbk ujwciewdì}i} chbyh`hc }jeiliu ujuhpi ch` iuz gi}h fjwzghc pC `hwzuhb" _heh ciewdì}i} khwhf eiljbh` i}ui`hc ujuhphb ciewdì}i} #Lc) yhbk eikzbhlhb zbuzl fjbzbazllhb lj}juifghbkhb ciewdì}i} }jmhwh lzhbuiuhuin" Ujuhphb ciewdì}i} #Lc) ujwlhiu ejbkhb ujuhphb idbi}h}i h}hf #Lh) ehb ujuhphb idbi}h}i gh}h #Lg) }jwuh ehphu eikzbhlhb zbuzl fjbjbuzlhb pC `hwzuhb khwhf"

8" _C `hwzuhb khwhf ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu Khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu uiehl fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} eh`hf hiw }jcibkkh }inhu khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl hlhb gj}inhu bjuwh`" ]jcibkkh ehphu liuh }ifpz`lhb zbuzl khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu fjfiìli pC 6 ; pC 6 ; mdbudc ehwi khwhf ibi heh`hc BhM` LI Bh 7]D5 BhBD= Fk#M`D5)7 ehb }jghkhibyh"

7" pC `hwzuhb khwhf ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h `jfhc Liuh hfgi` mdbudc khwhf BC5M` yhbk fjwzphlhb khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb , , ” gh}h `jfhc" Khwhf BC 5M` ei eh`hf hiw hlhb ujwzwhi fjbahei BC 5 ehb M` " BC5 fjwzphlhb gh}h ldbazkh}i lzhu ehb ehphu gjwjhl}i ejbkhb hiw fjbzwzu pjw}hfhhb wjhl}i gjwilzu" , , BC5 #hx) , C7D#` ) BC5DC#hx) , C #hx) Huhz , , BC5 #hx) , C7D#` ) BC=#hx) , C=D #hx) Ailh BC= eigjwi }ifgd` G fhlh pjw}hfhhb wjhl}i ei huh} ehphu eiuzì}lhb ,

,

GC #hx)

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Ujuhphb ciewdì}i} #Lc) ehphu eiuzì}lhb }jghkhi gjwilzu" , \G V \ C V Lc 6 , \G C V

ejbkhb Lc

6 ujuhphb ciewdì}i}

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6 Ldb}jbuwh}i gh}h yhbk eich}i`lhb

,

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6 Ldb}jbuwhi} idb C,

,

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GC

, C7D#`)

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,

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L 6 Lc L 6 Lg L 6 L{

,

Lhwjbh Lc eilhì ejbkhb Lg heh`hc L{ fhlh }jmhwh fhujfhuilh ehphu eiuzì}lhb }jghkhi gjwilzu"

Lc 6

L{ L g


;7

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Ehwi pjw}hfhhb wjhl}i ei huh} ujwìchu ghc{h gj}hw ldb}jbuwh}i G 6 gj}hw ldb}jbuwh}i idb C=D  }jcibkkh , \GV\C D V = Lc 6 }jcibkkh pjw}hfhhb ujw}jgzu ehphu liuh uzì}lhb , \GC \GC V

, , \C D V\C D V = = Lc 6 , \GC \GC V , 7

,

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,

,

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\C V 6

L \KhwhfV c

Lhwjbh Lc 6

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,

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Mdbudc ]dh` 1 8"

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ldb}jbuwh}i idb C " ,

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6

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ejbkhb Lc

6 ujuhphb ciewdì}i}

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&

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&

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”

H #hx) , C7D#`) CH#hx) , C7D#`)

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Lc 6

L{ Lh &

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Lc 6

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\DC V 6

L \KhwhfV c


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&

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Mdbudc ]dh` 1 8"

&:

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DC " &

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6

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6 & `dk 8? s 8? 6: pC

6 85 ” pDC 6 85 ” : 69

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;:

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,

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Lc 6

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33

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39

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98

Hidrolisis Dan KSP

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