HyperMesh 11.0 LS-DYNA Tutorials

HyperMesh 11.0 Tutorials LS-DYNA Solver Interface

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HyperMesh 1990-2011; HyperCrash™ 2001-2011; OptiStruct 1996-2011; RADIOSS 1986-2011; HyperView ® ® ® ® 1999-2011; HyperView Player 2001-2011; HyperStudy 1999-2011; HyperGraph 1995-2011; MotionView 1993® ® ® 2011; MotionSolve 2002-2011; HyperForm 1998-2011; HyperXtrude 1999-2011; Process Manager™ 2003-2011; Templex™ 1990-2011; Data Manager™ 2005-2011; MediaView™ 1999-2011; BatchMesher™ 2003-2011; TextView™ 1996-2011; HyperMath™ 2007-2011; ScriptView™ 2007-2011; Manufacturing Solutions™ 2005-2011; HyperWeld™ 2009-2011; HyperMold™ 2009-2011; solidThinking™ 1993-2011; solidThinking Inspired™ 2009-2011; Durability Director™ 2009-2011; Suspension Director™ 2009-2011; AcuSolve™ 1997-2011; and AcuConsole™ 2006-2011. In addition to HyperWorks® trademarks noted above, GridWorks™, PBS™ Gridworks®, PBS™ Professional®, PBS™ and Portable Batch System® are trademarks of ALTAIR ENGINEERING INC., as is patent # 6,859,792. All are protected under U.S. and international laws laws and treaties. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.

HyperMesh yperMesh 11.0 Tutorials Tutorials - LS-DYNA LS-DYNA Solver Solve r Interface

LS-DYNA ......................................................................................................................................... HM-4600: General Introduction to HyperMesh - DYNA Interface ........................................................................................................................................ HM-4605: Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls, and Output ........................................................................................................................................

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HM-4610: HM-46 10: Using Curves, Curves, Beams, Rigid Bodies Joints, and Loads Loads in DYNA ........................................................................................................................................ HM-4615: Model Importing, Airbags, Exporting Displayed, and Contacts using DYNA ........................................................................................................................................

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HM-4620: Rigid Wall, Model Data, Constraints, and Output using DYNA ........................................................................................................................................ HM-4625: Assemblies using DYNA ........................................................................................................................................

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HM-4630: Interfacing for Arbitrary - Lagrangian - Eulerian Capability using DYNA ........................................................................................................................................ HM-4635: HM-46 35: Checking P enetration, Creating Creating Joints and Checki ng Minimum Time St ep ........................................................................................................................................

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HM-4640: Dummy Positioning, Seatbelt Routing, and Control Volumes ........................................................................................................................................

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HyperM perMes esh h 11 11.0 Tut Tutor orial ials s - LSLS-D DYNA Sol Solv ver Int Interf erface ace Proprietary Inform ation of Altair Altair Engineer Engineer ing

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LS-DYNA The following LS-DYNA tutorials are available:

HM-4600: General Introduction to HyperMesh - DYNA Interface HM-4605: Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls, and Output HM-4610: Using Curves, Beams, Rigid Bodies Joints, and Loads in DYNA HM-4615: Model Importing, Airbags, Exporting Displayed, and Contacts using DYNA HM-4620: Rigid Wall, Model Data, Constraints, and Output using DYNA HM-4625: Assemblies using DYNA HM-4630: Interfacing for Arbitrary - Lagrangian - Eulerian Capability using DYNA HM-4635: Checking Penetration, Creating Joints and Checking Minimum Time Step HM-4640: Dummy Positioning, Seatbelt Routing, and Control Volumes

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HyperMesh 11.0 Tutorials - LS-DYNA Solver Interface Proprietary Inform ation of Altair Engineer ing

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HM-4600: General Introduction to HyperMesh - DYNA Interface In this tutorial, y ou will learn to understand the following components of the LS-DYNA interface: LS-DYNA FE input reader LS-DYNA FE output template LS-DYNA Utility Menu LS-DYNA user profile Online help for the HyperMesh DYNA interface HyperMesh’s LS-DYNA FE input translator, FE output template, Utility Menu, and user profile sets the foundation for using LS-Dyna with HyperMesh. DYNA Utili ty Menu The DYNA Utility Menu contains tools specific to using DYNA with HyperMesh. The menu has eight pages of tools. The pages and some menu tools are described below. Page

Page description

Geom/Mesh

Contains a set of macros related to working with model geometry, as well as a set for working with FE mesh.

User

For user-defined macros.

Disp

HyperMesh entities in several different ways such as: turn the display of individual entity types on and off, isolate only a specific entity type, or turn off the display of everything except entities of type. Contains a variety of macros that allow you to modify the graphical display of models.

QA/Model

Contains many tools to help you quickly review and clean up the quality of a pre-existing mesh.

Tools in the T o o l s page of the DYNA Utility Menu Error check

Checks your LS-DYNA deck for potential problems with components, properties, materials, rigids, joints, boundary conditions, and other entities and reports them on-screen. The report identifies the problem entity by ID, describes the error, and then enables you to isolate the entity in the model.

Part Info

Summarizes a part’s statistics in a dialog.

N am e M a p p i n g

Provides the ability to change names for various entity types to either the HyperMesh name or the LS-DYNA name, since both

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Page

Page description

Geom/Mesh


User


Disp


QA/Model


Tools in the T o o l s page of the DYNA Utility Menu applications maintain separate names for parts. Clon e Part

Clones a given part with the option of duplicating or reusing, section and material properties assigned to the existing part.

Create Part

Creates a new part, with the option of either creating new or reusing existing section and material properties through a single panel.

Part Replacemen t Allows y ou to replace the elements i n an exist ing component (*PART) with new elements; typically replacing a similar part remeshed or slightly reshaped. Convert To Rigid

Converts a portion or whole model to rigid; creates *CONSTRAINED_RIGID_BODIES

Find Free

Identifies rigids and welds that have a free end

Find Fi x Free

Removes free ends of rigids and welds

Fix Inco rrect

Merges *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODIES that share common nodes

RLs With Sets

*CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODIES in HyperMesh 5.0 and older binary files updated to have a *SET_NODE_LIST (entity set). This allows you to have control over the set IDs.

C o m p o n e n t T ab l e Summarize, create, and edit parts, sections in the model

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Page

Page description

Geom/Mesh


User


Disp


QA/Model


Tools in the T o o l s page of the DYNA Utility Menu M aterial Table

Summarize, create, and edit materials in the model

C-Interfto50

Converts display of DYNA contacts to HyperMesh 5.0 style for DYNA models created from HyperMesh 5.1 Release (no HyperMesh 5.1 DYNA update installed)

Online Help HyperMesh online help describes how to create every supported DYNA card. To access the online help do the following: From the Help menu, click HyperM esh and BatchM esher. DYNA FE Input Translator The DYNA FE input translator imports DYNA input files. Three translators exist: FE i nput re ade r

S upporte d DYNA i nput fi le

DYNA KEY

Version 960, 970 and 971 keyword format

DYNA SEQ

Version 936 sequential format

Select an input translator. To import a DYNA input file click on the I m p o r t .

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icon, select the appropriate file and clic k I m p o r t


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DYNA FE Output Template A DYNA FE output template contains DYNA-specific formatting inst ructions t hat HyperMesh uses t o create a DYNA input file. Several DYNA templates exist: FE output template

DYNA input file generated from template

Keyword971

Version 971 keyword format

Keyword970


Keyword960


To export an LS-DYNA keyword file click on the E x p o r t file, enter the file name and click E x p o r t .

icon, select the appropriate template

DYNA User Profile To set the user profile, go to the Preferences menu and click User Profi les . Setting the user profile to DYNA saves you time and does the following: Sets the FE input reader to DYNA KEY Loads the dyna.key FE output template Loads the DYNA Utility Menu Aligns t he graphical user interface to focus on DYNA tools; Re-names and removes certain panels Enables the ALE Setup panel. Changing the DYNA user profile to another profile, such as OptiStruct, does not alter the DYNA model.

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HM-4605: Defining LS-DYNA Model and Load Data, Controls, and Output In this tutorial, you will learn to: View DYNA keywords in HyperMesh as they will appear in the exported DYNA input file Understand part, material, and section creation and element organization Create sets Create velocities Understand the relation of DYNA entit y type t o HyperMesh element and load configurations Create nodal single point constraints Create contacts with set segment ID Define output and termination Export models to LS-DYNA formatted input files

Tools/Utilities The following tools/utilities set the foundation for settings up an Ls-Dyna input deck with HyperMesh: LS-Dyna FE input translator FE output template Ls-Dyna Utility Menu User Profile .

Exercises This tutorial contains the following exercises: Exercis e 1: Define Model Data for the Head and A-Pillar Impact Analysis Exercis e 2: Define Boundary Conditions and Loads for the Head and A-Pillar Impact Analysis Exercis e 3: Define Termination and Output for the Head and A-Pillar Impact Analys is

Section 1: Define Model Data Relation of *PART, *ELEMENT, *MAT, and *SECTION to Each Other *ELEMENT

EID

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PID


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*PART PID

SID

*SECTION

SID

*MAT

MID

MID

A *PA RT shares attributes such as s ection properties (*SECTION) and a material model (*MAT). A group of elements (*ELEMENT) sharing common attributes generally share a common part ID (PID). The figure below shows how the keywords *PART, *ELEMENT, *MAT and *SECTION relate to each other. A unique PID assigns a material ID (MID) and a section ID (SID) to an element. The figure below shows how the keywords *ELEMENT, *PART, *SECTION, and *MAT are organized in HyperMesh. *ELEMENT

EID

PID

Elements are organized into a component collector

*PART PID

SID

MID

Component collector’s card image

*SECTION

SID

Property collector with a property card image. Ass ign a property t o a *PART by pointing to t he property collector in the component collector’s card image.

*MAT

MID

Material collector with a material card image. Ass ign the material to t he *PART by associating the material collector to the component collector.

Component, property and material c ollectors are created and edited from the Collectors panel. View DYNA Keywords in HyperMesh A HyperMesh card image allows y ou to view the image of keywords and data lines for defined DYNA entities as interpreted by t he loaded template. The keywords and data lines appear in the ex ported DYNA input file as you see them in the card images. Additionally, for some card images, you can define and edit various parameters and data it ems for the c orresponding DYNA keyword. Card images can be viewed using the Card Editor panel which can be accessed from either the Tool menu, the Card Editor icon in the toolbar, or from the right-click context menus in the Model Browser and Solver Browser . Create *MAT In HyperMesh, a *MAT is a material collector with a card image. To relate it to a *PART, the material collector is associated to a component collector. A material collector can be created from the Model Browser , Solver Browser or by selecting the Material drop down menu and choosing Create. Update a Component’s Materia l Update any component with any material from the Component Collectors panel, update s ubpanel.

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Material Table Utility This utility allows you to do the following: View a list of all existing materials in the model and attributes for them. Create, edit, merge and check for duplicate materials. This utility is located in the LS-DYNA Utility tab under DYNA Tools page. Create *SECTION In HyperMesh, *SECTION is a property collector with a card image. This is created in the Property C ollectors panel, create subpanel.

Exercise 1: Define Model Data for the Head and A-Pillar Impact Analysis The purpose for this exercise is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA materials, sections and parts using HyperMesh. This exercise comprises of setting up the model data for an LS-DYNA analysis of a hybrid III dummy head impacting an A -pillar. The head and A-pillar model is depicted below.

Head and A-pillar model

This exercise contains the following tasks. Define the material *MAT_ELASTIC for the A-pillar part and head part. Define *SECTION_SHELL for the A-pillar.

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Define *SECTION_SOLID for the head. Define *PART for the A-pillar and the head.

Step 1: Load the LS-DYNA user profile 1.

From the menu bar , click Preferences > User Profi les .

2.

Select the LsDyna profile and click OK .

Step 2: Retrieve the HyperMesh file 1.

From the toolbar , click the O p en M o d e l icon

2.

Click Open .

and browse to the file head_start.hm .

The model loads into the graphics area.

Step 3: Define the material *MAT_ELASTIC for the A-pillar and head 1.

Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > M aterial . The Create material dialog appears.

2.

For Name, enter elastic .

3.

For Card image, select M A T L 1 .

4.

Click Card edit m aterial up on c reation to activate the option.

5.

Click Create to create the material and edit its card image.

6.

Click the [Rho] field and enter 1.2 E-6 for the density.

7.

For Young’s modulus [E], s pecify 210 .

8.

For Poisson’s ratio [Nu], s pecify 0.26 .

9.

Click return to exit the panel.

Step 4: Define property (*SECTION_SHELL) with a thickness of 3.5 mm for the Apillar 1.

Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Property . The Create property dialog appears.

2.

For Name, enter section3.5 .

3.

In the Type field, select SURFACE .

4.

For Card image, select SectShll .

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5.

Click Card edit property upo n creation to act ivate the option.

6.

Click Create to create the property and edit the card.

7.

For T1 , enter 3.5.

8.


Step 5: Define *SECTION_SOLID for the head 1.

Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Property .

2.

For the Name field, type solid .

3.

In the Type field, select SURFACE .

4.

For Card image, select SectSld .

5.

Click Card edit prop erty up on creation to deactivate the option.

6.

Click Create to create the property.

Step 6: Define *PART for the A-pillar MAT_ELASTIC is the material collector named "elastic". *SECTION_SHELL is the property collector named "section3.5". 1.

Right click on the pillar component in the Model Browser and pick E d i t .

2.

For Card image, select Part .

3.

Click the Material tab.

4.

Click the A ssign m aterial option to activate it.

5.

For Name, select elastic .

6.

Click the Property tab.

7.

Click A ssign pro perty to activate the option.

8.

For Name, select section3.5 .

9.

Click Update.

Step 7: Define *PART for the head *MAT_ELASTIC is the material collector named "elastic". *SECTION_SOLID is the property collect or named "solid". 1.

Right click on the component head in the Model Browser and pick E d i t .

2.

For Card image, select Part .

3.

Click the Material tab.

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4.

Click the A ssign m aterial option to activate it.

5.

For Name, select elastic .

6.

Click the Property tab.

7.

Click the A ssign pro perty option to activate it.

8.

For Name, select s o l i d .

9.

Click Update to update the component.

The exercise is complete. Save your work to a HyperMesh file.

Section 2: Define Boundary Conditions and Loads *INITIAL_VELOCITY_(Option) The table below describes DYNA keywords for defining initial velocity .

DYNA keyword

Velocity applied to …

Setup in HyperMesh

*INITIAL_VELOCITY

set of nodes, *SET_NODE_LIST

Entity set of nodes, load collector with InitialVel card image

*INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENE one *PART or set of parts, RATION *SET_PART_LIST

Entity s et of comps, load collector with InitialVel card image

*INITIAL_VELOCITY_NODE

Created from Velocity panel, organized in load collector with no card image

individual nodes

*SET With the exception of *SET_SEGMENT, all *SET types are created from the Entity Se ts panel, from clicking . Graphically view a set’s contents with the review function in the Entity Sets panel. Tools > Create > Sets *SET_SEGMENT is created from the Contactsurfs panel and is discussed in this chapter. HyperMesh Entity Configurations and Types HyperMesh elements and loads have two identifiers: configuration and ty pe. Configuration is a HyperMesh core feature. Type is defined by the loaded FE output template. A configuration can support multiple types. Before creating elements or loads, select the desired type from either the Elem Types panel. Use the Load Types subpanel only when creating loads directly on nodes or elements. For all other cases, the load is defined by creating a load collector with a card image. For example, *INITIAL_VELOCITY_NODE (applied directly to nodes) is created from the Velocities panel while *INITIAL_VELOCITY (applied to nodes in a set) is a load collector with the InitialVel card image. You can see a list of element and load configurations in the Elem Types panel and the Load Types panel, respectively. These panels are pictured below.

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elem types panel

load types panel

Some element configurations are rigid and quad4. When a dyna.key template is loaded, types of the rigid configuration are RgdBody, ConNode and GenWeld (*CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY, *CONSTRAINED_NODE_SET and *CONSTRAINED_GENERALIZED_WELD_SPOT). Similarly, some load c onfigurations are force and pressure. Types of t he pressure configuration are ShellPres and SegmentPre (*LOAD_SHELL_ELEMENT and *LOAD_SEGMENT). Most element and load configurations have their own panels. For example, rigids are created from the Rigids panel and constraints are created from the Constraints panel. *BOUNDARY_SPC_(Option) The table below describes DYNA keywords for defining nodal single point constraints. DYNA keyword

Constraint applied to …

Setup in HyperMesh

*BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE

individual nodes

These are constraints created from the Constraints panel and organized into a load collector with no card image.

*BOUNDARY_SPC_SET

a set of nodes *SET_NODE_LIST

This is an entity set of nodes referenced in a load collect or’s BoundSpcSet card image.

*CONTACT and *SET_SEGMENT With the exception of *CONTACT_ENTITY, DYNA contacts are created from the Interfaces panel from the BCs menu. (*CONTACT_ENTITY is created from the Rigid Wa lls panel from the BCs menu.) A DYNA c ontact is a HyperMesh group. W hen you want to manipulate a *CONTACT, s uch as delete, renumber, or display it off, you select groups. DYNA Contact Master and Slave Types DYNA has multiple contact master and slave types from which to choose. The table below lists these types.

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While HyperMesh supports all of them, this chapter focuses on contacts with slave and master type 0, set segment ID. Chapter three focuses on the other slave and master t ypes. *SET_SEGMENT and Contactsurfs Pane l *SET_SEGMENT is created from the Contactsurfs panel. Additionally, from this panel, you can add and remove elements from an existing *SET_SEGMENT and adjust the normal of segments without adjusting t he normal of elements. The graphical representation of a contactsurf is pyramids, one pyramid for each s egment. The orientation of a pyramid represents the normal orientation of the segment. By default, the orientation of a pyramid is the same as the normal of the element underneath. A *SE T_SEGMENT is specified in a *CONTACT from the Interfaces panel, add subpanel with master: or slave: type set to csurfs.

Exercise 2: Define Boundary Conditions and Loads for the Head and A-Pillar Impact Analysis The purpose for this exercis e is to help you start becoming familiar with defining LS-DYNA boundary conditions, loads and contacts using HyperMesh. This exercise comprises of setting up the boundary conditions and loads data for an LS-DYNA analysis of a hybrid III dummy head impacting an A-pillar. The head and A-pillar model is depicted below.


This exercise contains the following three tasks. Define velocity on all nodes of the head with *INITIAL_VELOCITY

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Constrain the pillar’s end nodes in all six degrees of freedom with *BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE Define a contact between the head and A-pillar with *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SUR FACE

Step 1: Make sure the LS-DYNA user profile is still loaded 1.

From the menu bar, click Preferences > User Profi les .

2.

Select LsDyna .

Step 2: Retrieve the HyperMesh file head_2.hm 1.

Retrieve the model file, head_2.hm.

2.

Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation, zooming, etc.).

Step 3: Create a node set, *SET_NODE_LIST, containing all the nodes in the h e a d component 1.

Click T o o l s > Create > Sets .

2.

For Name , enter Vel_Nodes .

3.

For Card image, select Node .

4.

With the nodes selector active, click nod es >> by coll ector and select the component head.

5.

Click create to create the set.

6.

Click return to close the panel.

Step 4: Define the velocity 1.

Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Lo ad Coll ector .

2.

For Name, enter init_vel .

3.

For Card image, select InitialVel .

4. Activate the Card edit loadcol lector upon creation option if not already activated. 5.

Click Create to create the load collector and edit its card image.

6.

In the node set ID [NSID] field, select the entity set Vel_Nodes.

7.

For the initial velocity in the global x-direction, VX field, specify 5.

8.


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Step 5: Create a load collector for the constraints to be created 1.


2.

For Name, type SPC .

3.

For Card image, select n o n e .

4.

Optionally select a Color for the load collector.

5.

Deactivate the Card edit loadcol lector upon creation option.

6.

Click Create to create the load collector.

Step 6: Create constraints on the pillar’s end nodes 1.

Click BCs > Create > Constraints .

2.

Leave the entity selector set to n o d e s.

3.

Click no des >> by sets and select the pre-defined entity set nodes for SPC. Notice the nodes at the pillar’s ends are highlighted.

4.

Leave all six degrees of freedom, dof1 thru dof6, active.

5.

Set the load type as B o u n d S P C.

6.

Click create to create the constraints.

7.


Step 7: Define a *SET_SEGMENT for the slave entities, the A-pillar elements 1.

Click BCs > Create > Contact Surfaces .

2.

For Name, type pillar_slave .

3.

For Card image, select setSegment.

4.

Optionally select a color for the contactsurf.

5.

With the elems selector active, click elems >> by collector and then select the pillar component.

6.

Click create to create the contactsurf.

7.

Review the contactsurf to make sure its pyramids are pointing out of the pillar.

8.

Stay in this panel for the next step.

Step 8: Define a *SET_SEGMENT for the master entities, the h e a d elements 1.

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Select the solid faces s ubpanel.


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2.

For Name , type headmaster .

3.

For Card image , select setSegment .

4.


5.

With the elems selector active, click elems >> by collector and then select the head component.

6.

Leave the toggle set to nodes on face.

7.

Click the yellow n o d e s selector to make it active.

8.

Select three nodes belonging to the same face of a solid element.

9.

For the break angle, leave it set to 30.

10. Click create to create the contactsurf. 11. Review the contactsurf to make sure its pyramids are pointing out of the head. 12. Click return to close the panel.

Step 9: Create a HyperMesh group with the SurfaceToSurface card image 1.

Click BCs > Create > Interfaces .

2.

Go to the create s ubpanel.

3.

For Name, type contact .

4.

For Type, select SurfaceToSurface .

5.

Click create to create the group.

6.

Stay in the Interfaces panel for the next step.

Step 10: Add the slave and master contactsurfs to the HyperMesh group 1.

Select the add subpanel.

2.

For the master type, select csurfs .

3.

Click the contactsurfs selector and select the headmaster contactsurf.

4.

Click update in the master: line, to the right of the yellow contactsurfs selector.

5.

For the slave type select csurfs .

6.

Click the contactsurfs selector in the slave: line and select pillar_slave.

7.

Click update in the slave: line.

8.


Step 11: Edit the group’s card image to define the AUTOMATIC option

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1.

Select the card image subpanel.

2.

Click edit to edit the group’s card image.

3.

Under Options, clic k the toggle to select A u t o m a t i c.

4.

Click return to go back to the Interfaces panel.

5.


Step 12: Review the group’s master and slave surfaces 1.


2.

For name, select contact .

3.

Click review .

4.

Notice the master and slave entities are temporarily displayed blue and red, respectively.

5.



Section 3: Define Control Cards and Specify Output *CONTROL and *DATABASE The *CONTROL cards are optional and can be used to change defaults and activate solution options, such as mass scaling, adaptive meshing and an implicit solution. It is advisable to define *CONTROL_TERMINATION in a model to specify a job’s end time. The *DATABASE cards are optional, but are necessary to obtain output files containing results. In HyperMesh, with the exception of the cards listed in the table below, all *CONTROL and *DATABASE cards are created from the Control Cards panel from either the Setup menu or the Analysis page.

*DATABASE cards NOT created from control cards panel DYNA card *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_(Option)

Panel used to create card PLANE option, Rigid Wa lls panel SET option, Interfaces panel

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*DATABASE_HISTORY_(Option)

Output Blocks panel

*DATABASE_NODAL_FORCE_GROUP

Interfaces panel


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Exercise 3: Define Termination and Output for the Head and APillar Impact Analysis The purpose for this exercis e is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA control data and output requests using HyperMesh. This exercise comprises of defining the termination and output for an LS-DYNA analysis of a hybrid III dummy head impacting an A-pillar. The head and A-pillar model is shown in the image below.


This exercise contains the following four tasks. Specify the time at which LS-DYNA is to stop the analysis with *CONTROL_TERMINATION Specify A SCII output with *DATABAS E_(Option) cards Specify the output of d3plot files with *DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT Export the model to an LS-DYNA 970 formatted input file

Step 1: Make sure the LS-DYNA user profile is still loaded

Step 2: Retrieve the HyperMesh file head_3.hm

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Step 3: Specify the time at which you want LS-DYNA to stop the analysis with *CONTROL_TERMINATION 1.

Click Setup > Create > Contro l Cards to open the Control Cards panel.

2.

Click next to scroll through the list.

3.

Select CONTROL_TERMINATION . A card image pops up.

4.

For the termination time of the analysis, ENDTIM, s pecify 2.5.

5.

Click return to go back to the Control Cards panel.

Step 4: Specify the output of d3plot files with *DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT 1.

Click next to scroll through the list and go to the next page if necessary.

2.

Select DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT .

3.

For the interval between outputs in the D3PLOT file, [DT] field, specify 0.1.

4.


Step 5: Specify ASCII output with *DATABASE_(Option) cards 1.

Click next to scroll through the list and go to the next page.

2.

Select DATABASE_OPTION .

3.

For the GLSTAT file, [GLSTAT] field, specify 0.1. This specifies the output of global data at every 0.1 ms.

4.

For the MATSUM file, [MATSUM] field, specify 0.1 . This s pecifies the output of material energies every 0.1 ms.

5.

For the SPCFORC file, [SPCFORC] field, specify 0.1 . This specifies the output of SPC reaction forces every 0.1 ms.

6.


7.


Step 6: Export the model as an Ls-Dyna keyword file 1.

Click F i l e > E x p o r t > So lver Deck to open the Export tab.

2.

Make sure Ls-Dyna is selected as the File type and the appropriate template is selected.

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3.

Enter the file name as head_complete.key .

4.

Click E x p o r t .

Step 7 (Optional): Submit the LS-DYNA input file to LS-DYNA 970 1.

From the desktop’s Start menu, open the LS-DYNA Manager program.

2.

From the solvers menu, select Start L S-DYNA analysis .

3.

Load the file head_complete.key .

4.

Click OK to start the analysis.

Step 8 (Optional): Post-process the LS-DYNA results using HyperView The exercise is complete. Save your work to a HyperMesh file.

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HM-4610: Using Curves, Beams, Rigid Bodies Joints, and Loads in DYNA In this tutorial, you will learn how to: Create XY curves to define non-linear materials Define beam elements with HyperBeam Create constrained nodal rigid bodies Create joints Define *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID Define *LOAD_BODY Define *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_NODE Use the HyperMesh Component Table tool to review the model’s data

Tools The following tools are covered in this tutorial: DYNA Tools Component Table Curve Editor The Dyna Tools menu can be accessed from the Utility Menu. The Component Table is part of the DYNA Tools menu. With this tool, you can view a summary of the model’s parts as well as create and edit parts. Below is a list of the tool's functionality. Create a list of displayed or all parts and view them in the graphics area Display parts with same section or material Rename and renumber parts, sections and materials Update thickness Create new parts Ass ign sections and materials t o parts Export table to file with comma separated format In the Component Table window, place the cursor over each button to see an explanation of each button. Below is a sample image of the Component Table.

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The Curve Editor can be accessed by c licking XYPlots > Curve Editor from the menu bar. The Curve Editor is a pop-up window that allows you to view and modify graphed curves in a more intuitive and holistic way than the individual xy plots panels provide. Below is a list of the tool’s functionality. Change curve attributes Change graph attributes Display curves in the graph area Create a new curve Delete a new curve Rename a curve Below is a sample image of the Curve Editor .

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Exercises This tutorial contains the following exercises: Exercis e 1: Define Model Data for Seat Impact Analys is Exercise 2: Define Boundary Conditions and Loads for the Seat Impact Analysis

Process This section describes how to define model data.

*DEFINE_CURVE The *DEFINE_CURVE card defines a curve in LS-DYNA. Curves are often used to define non-linear materials and loads. There are a few methods for creating DYNA curves in LS-DYNA in HyperMesh. A few methods are described below. Method 1: Create using the Curve Editor From the menu bar, click XYPlots > Curve Edito r .

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Method 2: Input XY Data from a File Create *DEFINE_CURVE by inputting an XY data file from the Read Curves or Edit Curves panel in the xy plots menu. The figure below displays a sample XY data file with a format supported by these panels.

XYDATA, x1 y1 x2 y2 ENDDATA XYDATA, x1 y1 x2 y2 ENDDATA XY Data File Format Engineers often receive test data in Excel file format. Data exported from Excel in comma or space delimited format can be read into HyperView. Data exported from HyperView in XY data format can be read into HyperMesh to create curves. In HyperView, from the Plot client, select Export Curves from the File menu. Select the XY Data format from the pop-up window. Method 3: Create with Math Expressions Create *DEFINE_CURVE with math expressions from the Edit Curves panel. From this panel, you can also create *DEFINE_CURVE with a math expression and an XY data file combination. Plots The HyperMesh naming convention for curves is curveN where N is a number. Curves are displayed in plots. Turn a curve's display on and off by turning it's plot display on and off from the Display panel in the Model Browser . Export Only XY Curves Export only curves to a LS-DYNA input file using one of the following templates. Click F i l e > Export... and select Custom as the File type. Choose Curves.key as the template file.

HyperMesh template DYNA input file generated from template ls-dyna\curves.key

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Version 970 keyword format for curves only


24

ls-dyna960\curves.key

Version 960 keyword format for curves only

These templates are in the folder ALTAIR_HOME\templates\feoutput . Import the exported file into HyperMesh from the using the Import tab.

*DEFINE_TABLE *DEFINE_TABLE defines a table. It consists of a *DEFINE_TABLE card followed by n lines of input. Each of the n additional lines define a numerical value in ascending order corresponding to a *DEFINE_CURVE input which follows the *DEFINE_TABLE command and the related input. In HyperMesh, *DEFINE_TABLE is created from a dummy *DEFINE_CURVE. Create a dummy curve using the method explained above. Edit the dummy curve from the Card Edit panel. In the pop-up card image activate the DEFINE_TABLE option to create *DEFINE_TABLE and specify values and load curves. The figure below shows the *DEFINE_TABLE card image.

If, for example, ten stress-strain curves for ten different strain rates are given, HyperMesh will write ten cards to the DYNA input file after the first card for *DEFINE_TABLE. The ten corresponding *DEFINE_CURVE specifications will immediately follow in the exported input file. Beam Elements *ELEMENT_BEAM is created from the Bars panel. In this panel, you need to always specify node 3, which determines the initi al configuration of the c ross s ection. However, not every beam type requires node 3. You can suppress node 3 by card editing the beam elements from the Card Editor panel. Beam elements are organized into a component collector with the Part card image. Specify t he THICKNESS and PID options by card editing the beam elements from the Card Editor panel.

*SECTION_BEAM *SECTION_BEAM is a property collector. HyperBeam

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HyperBeam supports *SE CTION_BEAM when ELFORM is 2 or 3. TheHyperBeam panel is located in the 1D page. HyperBeam allows you to create a beam cross-section entity and this is saved to the HyperMesh database as a beamsec. Select a beamsec from the *SECTION_BEAM card image to populate its fields A , , Itt , and Irr . The cross-sec tion can also be seen graphically using the tool bar options Iss

and

.

Nodal Rigid Bodies *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY can be created by clicking Too ls > Create Cards from the menu bar, or by clicking M esh > Create > 1D Elemen ts > Rigi ds . Below is an image of the Rigids panel. When the panel option attach nodes as set is active, a *SET_NODE_LIST (entity set) containing all of the selected nodes is created. You can renumber the entity set from the Renumbers panel. In the exported DYNA input file, the *SET_NODE_LIST immediately follows the *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY card.

Rigids panel

Joints All DYNA joints are created by clic king Tool s > Create Cards , or by click ing M esh > Create > 1D Elem ents > J o i n t s. They are organized into a component collector with no card image. Unlike other 1D elements, you do not specify the DYNA joint type from the Elem Types panel. Rather, specify it in the panel used to create it, the FE Joints panel. The FE Joints panel has the property= selector. As a DYNA user, you can disregard this selector. If the HyperMesh user profile is loaded, the panel also has the orientation option. As a DYNA user, you can disregard this option also. Coincident Node Picking For DYNA joints, the nodal points in the nodal pairs should coincide in the initial configuration. The coincident picking option can be turned on by clicking Preferences > Graphics . It allows you to graphically select a desired node from a stack of coincident nodes. This option also supports coincident picking for elements, loads, and sys tems. Create Coincident Nodes Create a node "like" an existing node from the Nodes panel in the Geom page. Select the type in sub-panel. Click as nod e , select a node in the graphics area and then click create .

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS_OPTION is a HyperMesh property collector with the JointStff card

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image.

*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID The table below lists the DYNA *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID keywords. DYNA keyw ord

Purpose

*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID

Switch parts to rigid at the start of the calculation

*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC

Switch parts to rigid or to deformable at some state in the calculation

*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_INERTIA

Define inertial properties for the new rigid bodies created when the deformable parts are switched

Below is the card format for specifying parts for these keywords: 1

2

PID

MRB

3

4

5

6

7

8

PID

is the ID of the slave part to be switched

MRB

is the part ID of the master rigid body to which the part is merged. This field exists only for *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID and for *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC when the part is to be switched to rigid.

In HyperMesh, rather than specify one part at a time, you specify an entity set containing all of the desired slave parts. On export, the entity set’s part IDs are written to the DYNA input file according to the above card format.

Exercise 1: Define Model Data for the Seat Impact Analysis This exercise will help you continue to become familiar with defining LS-DYNA model data using HyperMesh. This exercise is comprised of defining and reviewing model data for an LS-DYNA analysis of a vehicle seat impacting a rigid block. The seat and block model is shown in the image below.

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Seat and bloc k model


Click Preferences > User Profi les , or click the User Profiles icon.

2.

Select LsDyna .


Browse to the file seat_start .hm.

2.


Step 3: Create an xy plot 1.

Click XY Plots > Create > Plots to open the Plots panel.

2.

For plot=, enter seat_mat .

3.

Verify the plot type is set to standard.

4.

Leave the like = field empty. When an existing plot is selected, the new plot adopts its attributes.

5.

Click create pl ot .

6.

Click return.

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Step 4: Input data from a file to create two stress-strain curves 1.

Click XYPlo ts > Create > Curv es > Read Curv es to access the Read Curves panel.

2.

For plot =, leave it set to seat_mat .

3.

Click browse... and locate the file named seat_mat_data.txt .

4.

Click i n p u t to input the file.

5.

Notice two curves are created and are named 0.001 strain rate for steel (curve1) and 0.004 strain rate for steel (curve2).

6.

Click return .

Step 5: Create a dummy xy curve to be used to create *DEFINE_TABLE 1.

Click XYPlo ts > Edit > Curves to access t he Edit Curves panel.

2.

Go to the create s ubpanel.

3.

For plot =, select seat_mat .

4. Activate the math option. 5.

In the x = field enter {0.0, 0.2} .

6.

In the y = field enter {0.4, 0.4} .

7.

Click create to create the curve.

8.

Notice the curve is displayed in the seat_mat plot and has the name curve3.

9.


Step 6: Create *DEFINE_TABLE from the dummy curve 1.

Right click on curve3 in the Model Browser and pick Card Ed it.

2. Activate the option DEFINE_TABLE . 3.

In the card image, in the [ArrayCount] field, specify 2. This is the number of strain rate values to be specified.

4.

For the strain rate VALUE(1) field, specify 0.001 .

5.

For the strain rate VALUE(2) field, specify 0.004 .

6.

Click on CurveId(1) and select curve1 .

7.

Click on CurveId(2) and select curve2 .

8.


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Step 7: Create the non-linear material (*MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY) 1.

Click View > Bro wsers > HyperM esh > S olver to open the Solver Browser .

2.

Right-click anywhere in the Solver Browser and click Create > *MA T > M A T (1-50) > 24- . *MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY

3.

For Name: type steel and click OK . Notice *MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY card is created.

4.

For density [Rho] field, specify 7.8 E-6 .

5.

For Young’s Modulus [E] field, specify 200 .

6.

For Poisson’s ratio [NU] field, specify 0.3 .

7.

For yield stress [SIGY] field, specify 0.25 .

8.

For the *DEFINE_TABLE id [LCSS] field, select curve3 (id=5).

9.

Click return to close the card image.

Step 8: Update the base_frame and back_frame components with the new nonlinear material 1.

Click Tools > Com pon ent Table .

2.

From the Table menu, click E d i t a b l e.

3.

Select the components base_frame by clicking on its row to highlight it.

4.

For Assign Values:, select M aterial name .

5.

For HM-Mats:, select steel .

6.

Click Set and click Y es to confirm.

7.

Repeat steps 3 - 6 for the component back_frame.

8.

Clos e t he Component Table.

Steps 9-11: Create a beam element, *ELEMENT_BEAM, to complete the seat’s b a c k _ f r a m e connection to the s i d e _ f r a m e on the left side Step 9: Restore a pre-defined view 1.

In the Model Browser open the Views folder.

2.

Click

next to Beam_view to see the beam view.

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30

Step 10: Set the current component to beams 1.

In the Model Browser , right-click on the beams component and select M ake Current to set the beam component as the current collector .

Step 11: C reate the beam 1.

Click M esh > Create > 1D Elem ents > Bars to open the panel.

2.

Click the leftmost switch and select n o d e . A direction node is selected later to define the beam’s section orientation.

3.

Click the Node A selector to make it active.

4.

Select the center node of the left nodal rigid body for Node A. Node B is active now.

5.

Select the center node of the right nodal rigid body for Node B.

6.

Select any non-center node of one of the nodal rigid bodies for the direction node.

7.

Notice the beam is created.

8.


Step 12: Display node IDs for ease of following the next steps 1.

Click on the numbers icon

2.

Change the entity selector set to n o d e s.

3.

Click n o d e s and select b y i d . Enter 425-427, 431 and press Enter .

to open the Numbers panel.

4. Activate the display checkbox, and click o n to display the IDs. 5.

Click return.

Step 13: Set the current component to w e l d i n g 1.

In the Model Browser , right-click on the welding component and select M ake Current to set the welding component as the current collector.

Step 14: Select the R g d B o d y type for the HyperMesh rigid configuration 1.

Click Mesh > Assign > Element Type .

2.

Click on r i g i d = select R g d B o d y .

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3.

Click return.

Step 15: Create the nodal rigid body (*CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY) 1.

Click M esh > Create > 1D Elem ents > Rig id s .

2.

Set nodes 2-n to m u l t i p l e n o d es.

3.

Select the beam’s free end for n o d e 1.

4.

Select nodes 425, 426, 427 and 431 for no des 2-n .

5.

Leave the attach nodes as set option active.

6.

Click create to create the nodal rigid body.

7.

Click return. A *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS is not created; it is not needed for this joint t o work.

Step 16: Display node IDs for ease of following the next steps 1.

Click on the numbers icon

2.

Leave the entity selector set to n o d e s.

3.

Click n o d e s and select b y i d . Type 1635, 1636 and press Enter .

to open the Numbers panel.

4. Activate the display checkbox, and click o n to display the IDs. 5.

Click return.

6.

From the toolbar, click the Wi reframe Elements (Sk in Only) icon mode.

to change to standard graphics

Step 17: Activate coincident picking 1.

Click Preferences > Graphics .

2. Activate c o i n c i d e n t p i c k i n g . 3.

Click return .

Step 18: Set the current component to jo in t 1.

In the Model Browser , right-click on the joint component and select M ake Current to set it as the current collector.

Step 19: Create a revolute joint between two nodal rigid bodies

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(*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_REVOLUTE) The rigid bodies must share a common edge along which to define the joint. This edge, however, must not have the nodes merged together. The two rigid bodies will rotate relative to each other along the axis defined by the common edge. 1.

Right-click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONSTRA INED > . *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_REVOLUTE

2.

Set the joint type to revolute . node1 is active.

3.

Click on node 1635 . Notice the coincident picking mechanism displays two nodes – 1635 and 1633.

4.

Move the mouse to node 1635 in the coincident picking display and click on it to select it for node 1 in rigid body A. node2 is now active.

5.

Click on node 1635 again to see the coincident picking mechanism and select node 1633 for node 2 in rigid body B. node3 is now active.

6.

Click on node 1636 . Two coincident nodes are displayed – 1636 and 1634

7.

Select node 1636 for node 3 in rigid body A. node4 is now active.

8.

Select node 1634 for node 4 in rigid body B.

9.

Click create to create the joint.

10. Click return.

Steps 20-22: Define *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID to set up the moving seat as rigid until the time of impact with the block, to reduce computation time Step 20: Create an entity set that contains the components b a s e _ f r a m e , back_frame , and c o v e r 1.


2.

For name =, enter set_part_seat .

3.

For card image, select Part

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Notice the entity s elector is set to c o m p s. 4.

Click the yellow c o m p s button and select the base_frame , ba ck_frame and cover components.

5.


6.

Click return.

Step 21: Define *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID to switch the deformable seat to rigid at the beginning of the analysis 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *DEFORM A BLE _TO_RIGID > *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID .

2.

For Name:, enter dtor and click OK to create the card.

3.

Click the part set ID, [PSID] button twice and select set_part_seat.

4.

Click the master rigid body, [MRB], button twice and select back_fram e .

5.

Click return.

Step 22: Create *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC to switch the rigid seat to deformable when contact between the seat and block is detected 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *DEFORM A BLE _TO_RIGID > . *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC

2.

For Name:, type dtor_automatic and click OK to create the card.

3.

For the unique set number for this automatic switch set, [SWSET], enter 1.

4.

For the activation switch code [CODE] select 0. The switch will take place at [TIME1].

5.

For [TIME1] enter 175. The switch will not take place before this time.

6. Activate R2D_Flag in the menu area. On export, the number of rigid parts to be switched to deformable is written to the R2D field (card 2, field 6). This number is based on the number of parts in the entity set you select next. 7.

Move the scroll bar on the left side of the card image down to see [PSIDR2D].

8.

Click the [PS IDR2D] button twice and select set_part_seat .

9.

Click return.

Steps 23-27: Review the model’s component data using the Model Browser, Solver Browser or Component T able tool

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Using the Model Browser approach:

Step 23: Display only parts with a particular material (Ex: steel) 1.

In the Model Browser , click on the M aterial View icon

2.

Highlight the material steel, then right click on it and choose isolate to see only components that have the selected material assigned.

3.

To review several materials, click on the isolate icon then select a material and scroll through the material using the arrow keys in the model browser. The corresponding parts are automatically isolated in the view.

4.

Follow the above steps to select components using the By Prop erties option.

.

Step 24: Display all components 1.

In the Model Browser , click on the M aterial View icon

.

Step 25: Rename a part 1.

In the Model Browser , click on the C o m p o n e n t V i ew icon

2.

Select the part to rename and right click on it. Choose rename from the extended menu options and the becomes editable to enter a new name.

.

Notice the part's new name in the Solver and Model Browser .

Step 26: R enumber a part ID 1.

In the Model Browser , right-click on the Part ID field.

2.

Enter a number that does not conflict with the existing part IDs.

3.

Click Yes to confirm.

Using the Solver Browser approach:


Ex pand the Materials folder to see all available materials in the model.

2.

Right-click on the material Steel and select Isolate from the menu.

3.

Complete steps 1 and 2 to select components based on properties using the *section folder.

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In the Solver Browser , click on the M aterial View icon

.


In the Solver Browser , click on the C o m p o n e n t V i ew icon

2.

Select the part to rename and right click on it. Choose rename from the extended menu options and the becomes editable to enter a new name.

.

Notice the part's new name in the Solver and Model Browser .


In the Model Browser , right-click on the Part ID field.

2.

Enter a number that does not conflict with the existing part IDs.

3.

Click Yes to confirm.

Using the Component Table approach:


Click Tool s > C o m p o n e n t T ab l e .

2.

From the Display menu, click By M aterial .

3.

Select material steel and click proceed . Notice that the GUI and the Component Table show only those components with material steel assigned. All other components get turned off.

5.

Follow the above steps to select components using the By Properties and B y t h i c k n e ss option.


From the Display menu, click A l l .

2.

Notice now that the GUI shows all components of the model.


make the table editable. (All columns with a white background From the Table menu, click E d i t a b l e to

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36

can be edited. Ex: Part name, Part id, Thickness etc.) 2.

Click on any part name field to edit it.

3.

Click Y es to confirm. Notice the part's new name in the Solver and Model Browser .


Click on the Part Id field.

2.

Type a number that does not conflict with the existing part IDs.

3.

Click Y es to confirm.


Step 27: Review the model’s data using the Solver Browser The created solver entities are listed in the corresponding folder in Solver Browser . Each entity has the following options S h o w , Hide , Isolate, and Review to help user navigate through the model 1.

Select d t o r in the *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID folder

2.

Right-click and choose Isolate to show only the entities that are referred in this keyword.

3.

Right click and choose Review to highlight the entities.

4.

Select the folder *BOUNDARY, right-click and select S h o w . The entities on which the loads in the folder are defined are displayed, as well as the load handles.

Exercise 2: Define Boundary Conditions and Loads for the Seat Impact Analysis This exercise will help you c ontinue to become familiar with defining LS-DYNA boundary conditions and loads using HyperMesh. In this exercise, you will define boundary conditions and load data for an LS-DYNA analys is of a vehicle seat impacting a rigid block. The seat and block model is shown in the image below.

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Seat and bloc k model

This exercise contains the following three tasks. Define gravity acting in the negative z-direction with *LOAD_BODY_Z Define the seat’s acceleration with *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_NODE Export the model to an LS-DYNA 970 formatted input file and submit it to LS-DYNA

Step 1: Make sure the LS-DYNA user profile is still loaded 1.

Click Preferences > User Profi les , or click the User Profi les icon.

2.

Select LsDyna .


Retrieve the model file, seat_2.hm.

2.


Step 3: Define gravity acting in the negative z-direction with *LOAD_BODY_Z 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > LOA D> *LOAD_BODY_Z .

2.

For Name:, enter gravity .

3.

Click OK to create the card.

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38

4.

Click on the load curve LCID field twice and select the curve named gravity curve .

5.

For the load curve scale factor [SF], s pecify 0.001 .

6.

Click return.

Steps 4-6: Define the seat’s acceleration with *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_NODE Step 4: Create a load collector for the acceleration loads to be created 1.


2.

For Name:, type accel .

3.

For Card im age: , select n o n e .

4.

Optionally, select a Color for the load collector.

5.

Click create to create the load collector.

6.

Click return.

Step 5: Create acceleration loads on nodes 1.

Click B Cs > Create > Accelerations .

2.

Set the load types = field to PrcrbAcc .

3.

With the nodes selector active, select nodes and select by sets .

4.

Select the pre-defined entity set accel_nodes .

5.

Change the method to curv e, vectors.

6.

For magnitude, s pecify 0.001 . This is the scale factor for the pre-defined curve to be specified in the next step for the acceleration loads. It will define the seat’s acceleration as a function of time.

7.

For the direction selector, select x-axis . This is the x-translational degree of freedom.

8.

Click the yellow curve button and select acceleration curve.

9.

For the magnitude% = , s pecify 1.0E+7 . This is the scale factor for the graphical representation of the acceleration loads. It does not affect the actual acceleration value.

10. Click create to create the acceleration loads. 11. Click return.

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Step 6: Export the model to an LS-DYNA L S-DYNA 971 formatted input file file 1.

Click F i l e > > Export > So lver Deck. Deck.

2.

Make sure sure the the templ template ate field field shows shows Ls-Dyna. Ls-Dyna .

3.

Ent er er t he he File name: as name: as seat_complete.key .

4.

Click E x p o r t .

Step 7 (Optional): Submit Su bmit the LS-DYNA input file file to LS-DYNA LS -DYNA 971 1.

From the Start menu on your desktop, open the LS-DYNA Manager program. menu

2.

From th the solvers menu, menu, select Start LS-DYNA . LS-DYNA analysis

3.

Load th the fil file e seat_complete.key .

4.

Click OK to st art the analysis. analysis.

Step 8 (Optional): View the results in HyperV iew The exercise is complete. Save your work as a HyperMesh file.

Alta ir Engine e ring

Hype rMe sh 11.0 Tutoria l s - LS-DYNA Solve r Inte rfa ce Proprietary Inform ation of Altair Altair Engineer Engineer ing

40

HM-4615: Model Importing, Airbags, Exporting Displayed, Displayed, and Contacts using DYNA In this tutorial, you will learn how to: Define Define *AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE for the airbag mesh geometry Define an initial velocity of 3 mm/ms in the negative x-direction for the head with *INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION Define a contact between the airbag and head with *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE Define *CONTACT_AIRBAG_SINGLE_SURFACE for the airbag Define Define a contact c ontact between the plate and plate and the airbag with *CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE

Import a DYNA model Wa rning and Error Error Message Message s On import of a DYNA model, any HyperMesh warning and error messages are written to a file named dynakey.msg or dynaseq.msg , depending on the FE input translator used. This file is created in the same folder from which HyperMesh is started. Unsupported Unsupported Cards On import, the few DYNA cards not supported by HyperMesh are written to the unsupp_cards panel. unsupp_cards panel. This panel can be accessed from the menu bar by clicking Setup > > Create > > Control Cards . The unsupported cards are exported with t he remaining model. model. Care should be taken if an unsupported card points to an entity in HyperMesh. An example of this is an unsupported unsupported material referenced referenced by a *PART. HyperMesh stores unsupported unsupported cards as t ext and does not consider pointers. LSTC Dummy Dummy File s You can read LSTC Hybrid III dummy files into HyperMesh by first converting the tree file to FTSS/ARUP tree file format. Include Include Files HyperMesh supports *INCLUDE. From the menu bar, click File > I m p o r t. Use the options to merge, merge, preserve or preserve or skip include file s. When include files are read, read, HyperMesh maintains the IDs of non-exist non-exist ing entities and does not use these IDs for new entities.

Export Displayed From the Export tab, you can select the Displayed option to export only displayed nodes and elements. Only model data associated to the displayed nodes and elements are exported. This model data includes materials and their associated curves, properties, portions of contacts, and output requests.

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Hype rMe sh 11.0 Tutoria ls - LS-DYNA S olve r Inte rfa ce Proprietary Inform ation of Altair Altair Engineer Engineer ing

Al ta ir Engi ne e ring

Create and Review Contacts C ontacts The table below describes how all slave and master set types are created and specified in contacts. Slave and master set type

DYNA ca rd

Pa ne l use d to cre a te ca ca rd

Equi va l e nt type in in Interfaces panel, panel, ad d subpanel

EQ. 0: set segment id

*SET_SEGMENT

set_segment (contactsurfs) contactsurfs) or …

csurfs

Interfaces, Interfaces, add subpanel

entity

EQ. 1: shell shell elemen elementt set id *SET_SHEL *SET_SHELL_O L_Option ption Entity Sets or… Sets or…

EQ. 2: part set id

*SET_PART_LIST

sets


entity

Entity Sets or… Sets or…

sets


comps

EQ. 3: part id

*PART

Colle ctors

comps

* E Q. 4: 4: no node s et id id

*SET_NODE_Option

Entity Sets or…

sets


entity


all al l

* EQ. 5: include all * EQ. 6: part set id for exempted parts

*SET_PART_LIST

Interfaces, Interfaces, add subpanel and sets then card image sub-panel

* For slave surface only

Add subpanel While the Interfaces panel, add subpanel has several master and slave types - comps, comps, sets, sets, entity, entity, etc. to choose from in order to specify the DYNA master or slave set for a *CONTACT, only the valid master and and slave types slave types are selectable for the particular contact you are creating. When the master or slave type is set to comps and comps and only one component is selected, the DYNA type is 3, part ID, and *PART is created. When multiple components are selected, the DYNA type is 2, part set ID, and *SET_PART_LIST is created. When the master or slave type is set to sets, sets, only those sets valid for the particular contact you are creating are selectable. For example, for *CONTACT *CONTACT_NOD _NODES_TO_ ES_TO_SURFACE, SURFACE, only a list lis t of node sets is available for slave; you will not see a list of other set types, like element or part sets.



42

Review Contacts You can review contacts with the review button in the Interfaces, add subpanel.

Exercise: Define Airbag, Velocity, and Contacts for the Airbag Analysis This exercise will help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA airbags using HyperMesh. It will also help you continue to learn how to define LS-DYNA loads and contacts using HyperMesh. In this exercise, you will define an airbag, velocity, and contacts for an LS-DYNA analysis of a head impacting an inflating airbag. The head and airbag model is shown in the image below.

Head and airbag model


Click Preferences > User Profi les .

2.

Select LsDyna .

Step 2: Import the LS-DYNA model 1.

From the menu bar, F i l e > Im port > S olver Deck .

2.

In the File: field, browse to the file airbag_start.key .

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3.

Click I m p o r t.

Steps 3-5: Define *AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE for the airbag mesh geometry Step 3: Create a set of parts, * S E T _ P A R T _ L I S T , containing the A i r b a g F r o n t and A i r b a g R e a r components 1.


2.

For name =, type airbag_set .

3.

For card image, select Part .

4.

Click on c o m p s and select the components AirbagFront and AirbagRear .

5.


6.


Step 4: Define the airbag (*AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE) 1.

Click View > Bro wsers > HyperM esh > S olver to open the Solver Browser .

2.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > .*AIRBA G > *AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE .

3.

For Name:, type airbag and click OK to create the card.

4.

Click return to open the Control Volumes panel.

5.

Click the set selector button and select the entity set airbag_set. The parts in this set define the airbag’s geometry.

6.

Click update .

7.

Click edit to edit card image of the control volume.

8.

Enter the following data in the card image. Field

Value

Parameter description

CV

1 02 3. 0

Heat capacity at constant volume

CP

1 32 0. 0

Heat capacity at constant pressure

T

7 80 . 0

Temperature of input gas

LCMT

c ur v e i d 1

Load curve specifying input mass flow rate

C23

1. 0

Vent orifice coefficient

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9.

LCA23

c ur v e i d 2

Load curve defining vent orifice area as a function of pressure

CP23

1. 0

Orifice coefficient for leakage

PE

1. 0E- 4

Ambient pressure

RO

1. 0E- 9

Ambient density

GC

1. 0

Gravitational conversion constant

Click return twice to close the card image and then close the panel.

Step 5: Define an initial velocity of 3 mm/ms in the negative x-direction for the head with *INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *INITIA L > *INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION .

2.

For Name:, type velocity and click OK to close the dialog.

3.

In the card image, under STYP, switch the toggle to select Part ID for the set type.

4.

Click the PID button twice to select the Head component.

5.

For velocity in the X direction VX field, specify –3.

6.

Click return to go back to the main menu.

Steps 6-12: Define a contact between the airbag an d head with *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE Step 6: Create a HyperMesh group with the card image SurfaceToSurface 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONTACT > CONTA CT (A -O) > *CONTACT_A UTOMA TIC_SURFA CE_TO_SURFACE .

2.

For Name: type Airbag_Head and click OK to create the card.

3.


Step 7: Specify the head to be the master surface with surface type 3, part ID 1.


2.

Set the master surface type to comps.

3.

Click c o m p s and select the Head component.

4.

Click update for the master selection.

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5.

Stay in the add subpanel for the next step.

Step 8: Specify all of the airbag to be the slave surface with surface type 2, part set ID 1.

Set the slave surface type to sets.

2.

Click sets and select the pre-defined entity set airbag_set (*S ET_PART_LIST). This set contains the AirbagFront and AirbagRear components.

3.

Click update in the slave line to update the slave selection.

4.


Step 9: View the master and slave entities 1.

Click review .

2.

Notice the master and slave entities are temporarily displayed blue and red, respectively. All other entities are temporarily displayed grey.

3.


Step 10: Define *CONTACT_AIRBAG_SINGLE_SURFACE for the airbag 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONTACT > CONTA CT (A -O) > . *CONTACT_A IRBA G_SINGLE_SURFACE

2.

For Name, type airbag and click OK to create the card.

3.


4.


Step 11: Define all of the airbag to be the slave surface with slave set type 2, part set ID 1.


2.

Set the slave: surface type to sets.

3.

Click sets and select the pre-defined entity set airbag_set (*SET_PART_LIST).

4.

Click update to update the slave selection.

5.


Step 12: View the slave entities

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1.

Click review .

2.

Notice the slave entities are temporarily displayed red. All other entities are temporarily displayed grey.

3.


Steps 13- 18: Define a contact between the plate and the a irbag with *CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE Step 13: Due to the dynamics of the contact, define the A i r b a g R e a r component to be the master surface with master type 0, set segment ID 1.

Click B Cs > Create > Contact Surfaces .

2.

Select the elems subpanel.

3.

For name=, enter AirbagRear_master .

4.

For card image =, select setSegment .

5.


6.

With the elems selector active, select elems and select b y c o l l e c to r .

7.

Select the AirbagRear component.

8.

Click create to create the contactsurf.

9.

Notice the contactsurf’s pyramids point into the airbag. They should point out. In the next step you will reverse their direction.

10. Stay in this panel for the next step.

Step 14: Reverse the contactsurf’s pyramids so they point out of the airbag 1.

Select the adjust normal s subpanel.

2.

With the contactsurf button active, select AirbagRear_master .

3.

Toggle from b y e l e m s to . all elem s

4.

Click reverse no rm als .

5.


Step 15: Create *CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE card 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > .*CONTACT > CONTA CT(A-O) > . *CONTACT_NODES_TO_S URFA CE

2.

For Name:, type Airbag_Plate and click OK .

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3.


4.


Step 16: Specify the A i r b a gR e a r _m a s t e r c o n t a ct s u r f for the contact’s master surface 1.


2.

Set the master surface type to csurfs .

3.

Click the contactsurfs button and select AirbagRear_master .

4.

Click update to update the master selection.

5.


Step 17: Define the plate to be the contact’s slave surface with slave type 4, node set ID 1.

Set the slave surface type to entity .

2.

Click no des and select b y c o l l e c to r .

3.

Select the RigidPlate component.

4.

Click ad d to add the slave selection.

5.


Step 18: View the master and slave entities 1.

Click review .

2.

Notice the master and slave entities are temporarily displayed blue and red, respectively. All other entities are temporarily displayed grey.

3.


Step 19: Review the created solver entities using the Solver Browser 1.

Click on the plus sign next to the *contact folder in the Solver Bro wser to expand it. Expand the subfolders as well.

2.

Under *CONTACT_AIRBAG_SINGLE_SURFACE, right-click on A i r b a g and select Review . The slave entities become highlighted in red and the master entities become highlighted in blue. Right-clic k again and select Reset Revi ew to return to regular display.

3.

Right-click on Airbag_Plate and select Isolate. Only the entities that are part of this contact are displayed.

4.

Right-click on A i r b a g again and select S h o w . The entire airbag is displayed in the screen, as this entity

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contains the entire airbag. 5.

Expand the *INITIAL folders, right-click on velocity and choose S h o w from the menu. The entities on which the load has been defined will appear (in this case it is head).

Step 20: Export the model to an LS-DYNA 971 formatted input file 1.

Click on E x p o r t

2.

Notice File type is set to LsDyna . It is automatically selected since you are in LsDyna user profile.

3.

Set Template to Keyword971 .

4.

Click the Select file

5.

Under E x p o r t o p t i o n s, set E x p o r t : to A l l .

6.

Click E x p o r t .

and select the icon Export S olver Deck

.

icon to select the path and enter the file name as airbag_complete.key .


From the Start menu, open the LS-DYNA Manager program.

2.

From the solvers menu, select Start LS-DYNA analysis .

3.

Load the file airbag_complete.k ey.

4.

Click OK to st art the analysis.

Step 22 (Optional): View the results in HyperView The exercise is complete. Save your work to a HyperMesh file.

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HM-4620: Rigid Wall, Model Data, Constraints, and Output using DYNA In this tutorial, you will learn how to: Create *PA RT_INERTIA for the component vehicle mass to partially take into account the inertia properties and mass of the missing parts. Create velocity on all nodes but the barrier nodes with *DEFINE_BOX and *INITIAL_VELOCITY. Make the closest row of nodes of the crash boxes a part of the vehicle mass rigid body with *CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES. Create a contact between the crash boxes, the bumper and the barrier with *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_GENERAL. Specify the output of resultant forces for a plane on the left interior and exterior crash boxes with *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE. Create a stationary rigid wall to constrain further movement of the barrier after impact with *RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_FINITE. Specify some nodes to be output to the ASCII NODOUT file with *DATABASE_HISTORY_NODE.

*PART_INERTIA The INERTIA option allows inertial properties and initial conditions to be defined rather than calculated from the finite element mesh. This applies to rigid bodies only. When importing a DYNA model into HyperMesh, the *PART_INERTIA IRCS parameter value is changed from 0 to 1. (The inertia components are changed from global to local axis.) This allows inertia components to be automatically updated when *PART_INERTIA elements are translated or rotated. W hen selecting *PART_INERTIA elements to translate or rotate, select elements by comp. This selection method ensures the inertia properties are automatically updated.

*CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES This card defines extra nodes to be part of a rigid body. In HyperMesh, it is created from the Solver Browser .

*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_(Option) *DATABAS E_CROSS_SECTION_(Option) defines a cross section for resultant forces written to the ASCII SECFORC file. The options are PLANE and SET. For the PLANE option, a cutting plane must be defined. For best results, the plane should cleanly pass through the middle of the elements, distributing them equally on either side. The SET option requires the equivalent of the automatically generated input via the cutting plane to be identified manually and defined in sets. All nodes in the cross-section and their related elements contributing to the cross-sectional force resultants should be defined in sets. *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_SET and *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE are created from the

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Solver Browser . Like the Interfaces panel, anything created from the Rigid Wa lls panel is a HyperMesh group. Thus, to rename, renumber or delete a *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION card, select groups from the Rename, Renumber or Delete panel.

*RIGIDWALL A *RIGIDWALL provides a method for treating contact between a rigid surface and nodal points of a deformable body. In HyperMesh, *RIGIDWALL keyword cards are created from the Solver Browser .

Exercise: Set Up the Bumper M odel for Impact Analysis This exercise will help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA rigid walls using HyperMesh. It will also help you continue to learn how to define LS-DYNA model data, constraints, and output using HyperMesh. In this exercise, you will define model data, loads, constraints, a rigid wall, and output for an LS-DYNA analysis of a bumper in a 40% frontal offset crash. The bumper model is shown in the image below.

Bumper model


On the Preferences menu, click User Profi les or click the User Pro fil e

2.

Select LsDyna .

51


icon.

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Step 2: Import the LS-DYNA model bumper_start.key 1.

Click F i l e > Im port > Solver Deck .

2.

In the File: field, browse to the file bumper_start.key .

3.

Click I m p o r t.

Step 3: Define *PART_INERTIA for the vehicle mass component to partially take into account the inertia properties and mass of the missing parts 1.

Right click on vehicle mass in the Model Browser and click Card Edi t .

2.

Click the switch under Options and select Inertia .

3.

For the center of mass coordinates XC enter 700.

4.

In the YC field, enter 0.

5.

In the ZC field, enter 170.

6.

For translational mass TM, s pecify 800.

7.

For the components of the inertia tensor, specify the following: I XX

IXY

IXZ

I YY

I YZ

IZZ

1.5E+07

-5.0E+03

-8.0E+06

5.0E+07

-900

6.0E+07

8.

For the initial translational velocity along the X-axis, VTX, specify -10 .

9.


Step 4: Create a *DEFINE_BOX that contains all nodes but the barrier nodes 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *DEFINE > *DEFINE_BOX .

2.

In the name = field, type box velocity .

3.

Make sure card image = is set to DefineBox.

4.

Optionally select a color.

5.

Toggle lower bound from corner node to x=, y=, z= .

6.

Specify the lower and upper bounds as follows:

X=

lower bound

upper bound

-530

200

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Y=

-800

800

Z=

0

300

7.

Click create to create the box.

8.


Step 5: Create initial velocity on all nodes but the barrier nodes 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create >*INITIA L > *INITIAL _VEL OCITY .

2.

For Name, type velocity and click OK to create the card.

3.

For the initial velocity in the global X direction, VX, s pecify –10 .

4.

Click on the BOXID field and select the b o x v el o c i t y option.

5.


Note:

You can also create velocity boundary condition on a set of nodes by clicking the l o a d c o l l e c to r icon

in the tool bar and picking Initialvel as the card image.

Step 6: View the closest nodes w hich are in the pre-defined node entity set (*SET_NODES_LIST) named Constrain Vehicle 1.

Click Tools > E d i t > Sets .

2.

Click review .

3.

Toggle from display RLs to hid e RLs . This filters all nodal rigid body sets from the list.

4.

Select the Constrain Vehicle set. Notice the set’s nodes are highlighted.

5.


Step 7: Create *CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES_SET 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONSTRAINED > *CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES_SET .

2.

In the Name field, type ExtraNodes and click OK to create the card.

3.

Click the part ID (PID) field to activate it, and then select it again. Select the vehicle mass component. This is the rigid body to which the nodes will be added. The ID is automatically entered into the card.

4.


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5.


Step 8: Define the nodes in the C o n s t r a in V e h i cl e set to be a part of the vehicle mass rigid body 1.


2.

Make sure name = , is set to ExtraNodes.

3.

Set the slave type to sets .

4.

Click on sets and select the Constrain Vehicle set.

5.

Click select .

6.


7.


Note:

You can also create extra node set on a set of nodes by clic king BCs > Create > Interfac es with the Type field set to Xtranode.

Step 9: View the extra nodes that are a part of the vehicle mass rigid body 1.

Click review . Notice the extra nodes are temporarily display ed red while the PID (vehicle mass ) is temporarily displayed blue. All other entities are temporarily displayed grey.

2.


Step 10: Create an entity set, * S E T _ P A R T _ L I S T , for just the vehicle mass component All other components not in this set will be included in the c ontact. 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *SET > *SET_PART_LIST .

2.

For name=, type Exempt Parts .

3.

Make sure the card image field is set to Part.

4.

With the comps selector active, select the vehicle mass component.

5.


6.


Note:

You can also create *SET_PART_LIST by clicking Tool s > Create >Sets.

Step 11: Create * C O N T A C T _ A U T O M A T I C _ G E N E R A L contact 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *CONTA CT > CONTA CT (A -O) >

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*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_GENERAL .

2.

For name , type impact and click OK .

3.


4.


Note:

You can also create *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_GENERAL by clicking BCs > Create > Interface, type = AutomaticGeneral.

Step 12: Define the slave surface w ith slave set type 6, part set ID for exempted parts 1.


2.

Make sure name = is set to impact.

3.


4.

Click the yellow sets button and select the Exempt Parts set.

5.


6.

Select the card image subpanel.

7.

Click edit to edit the group.

8. Activate the option ExemptSlvPartSet. 9.

Notice the slave surface type SSTYPE value changes from 2 (part set ID) to 6 (part set ID for exempted parts).

10. For the static coefficient, FS, s pecify 0.15 . 11. Click return to go back to the Interfaces panel. 12. Click return to close the panel.

Step 13: Create an entity set, * S E T _ P A R T _ L I S T , to specify the elements that will contribute to the cross-sectional force results 1.


2.

In the name = field, type XsectionPlane-Parts .

3.

For card image, select Part .

4.

With the comps selector active, select the components interior crashbox and ex terior crashbox.

5.


6.


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Step 14: Define a section by creating *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > * D A T A B A S E > *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE .

2.

In the Name field, type Xsection_Plane and click OK .

3.

Click return in the card editor to go back the Rigid Wall s panel.

4.

Stay in the Rigid Wa lls panel for the next step.

Note:

You can also create *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE by clicking BCs > Create > Rigi d walls, type = XSection Plane .

Step 15: Define the location and size of the section’s plane In this sub-panel, the plane’s origin (the tail of the normal vector) is defined by a base node. Create a node from the create no des panel by following steps 1 - 4 below and then select it for the base node. 1.

Make sure name = is set to XSection-Plane.

2.

Press the F8 key to enter the Create Nodes panel.

3.

Select the XYZ

4.

For x=, y= and z=, enter the values –320, -500 and 100 , respectively.

5.

Click create to create the node.

subpanel.

Notice the node is created and is displayed. 6.

Click return to go back to the geom subpanel of the Rigid Wa lls panel.

7.

With the base node selector active, graphically select the node just created.

8.

Switch normal ve ctor to x-axis. This defines the wall’s normal vector.

9.

Leave shape set to plane.

10. Toggle from infinite to f i n i t e. 11. Toggle from corners to dist/axis . 12. Switch local x a xis: to y-axis . This defines the edge vector L. 13. For len x= and len y= , s pecify 100 and 200, respectively. Doing this defines the extent of the section. The values are the length of the edges a and b in the L and M directions, respectively. 14. Click update to update the group.

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15. Stay in the Rigid Wa lls panel for the next step.

Step 16: Specify the parts slave to the rigid wall 1.


2.


3.

Click the yellow sets button and select the set XsectionPlane-Parts.

4.


5.


Step 17: View the entities slave to the rigid wall 1.

Click review . Notice the slave entities are displayed red while the rigid wall is displayed blue. All other entities are temporarily displayed grey.

2.


Step 18: Create a *DEFINE_BOX containing the nodes making up the barrier and bumper’s left side. These nodes will be slave to the rigid wall. 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *DEFINE > *DEFINE_BOX .

2.

In the name = field, type half model .

3.

Leave the card image = field set to DefineBox.

4.

Optionally select a color.

5.

Specify the lower and upper bounds as follows: lower bound

upper bound

X=

-600

-460

Y=

-800

0

Z=

0

400

6.

Click create to create the box.

7.


Step 19: Define a HyperMesh group by creating *RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_FINITE

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1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create >*RIGIDW A LL > *RIGIDW A LL _PLA NA R_FINITE .

2.

In the Name field, type wall .

3.

Click OK .

4.


Note:

You can als o create *RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_FINITE by c lick ing BCs > Create > Rig id wall s and setting the type to RWPlanar.

Step 20: Define the location and size of the rigid wall In this sub-panel, the rigid wall’s origin (the tail of the normal vector) is defined by a base node. Create a node from the create no des panel by following steps 1-4 below and then select it for the base node. 1.

Make sure name=, is set to wall.

2.

Press the F8 key to enter the Create Nodes panel.

3.

Select the XYZ

4.

For x=, y= and z=, enter the values –600, -750 and 90, respectively.

5.

Click create . Notice the node is created and is displayed.

6.

Click return to go back to the Rigid Walls panel, geom subpanel.

7.

With the base node selector active, select the node that was created in step 4.

8.

Switch normal ve ctor : set to x-axis .

9.

Leave shape: set to p l a n e.

subpanel.

10. Toggle from infinite to f i n i t e. 11. Toggle from corners to dist/axis . 12. Select y-axis for local x axis. 13. For len x= and len y= , s pecify 615 and 250, respectively. These values define the extent of the wall. They are the length of the edges l and m, respectively. 14. Click update to update the group. 15. Stay in the Rigid Wa lls panel for the next step.

Step 21: Edit the card image for the rigid wall to specify the nodes in the *DEFINE_BOX half model as slave to the rigid wall 1.

Select the card subpanel.

2.

Click edit to edit the group.

3.

Click the BOXID field twice and select the box h a l f m o d e l .

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4.

In the field FRIC, s pecify 1.0 for the friction coefficient.

5.

Click return to go back to the Rigid Walls panel.

6.


Step 22: Specify some nodes to be output to the ASCII NODOUT file with *DATABASE_HISTORY_NODE 1.

Click Setup > Create > Output Bloc k s .

2.

In the name field, type nodeth .

3.

Set the entity selector to n o d e s.

4.

Select a few nodes of interest from the graphics area.

5.

Click create to create the output block.

6.


Step 23: Export the model to an LS-DYNA 970 formatted input file 1.

Click File > Expo rt > Solver Deck to open the Export tab.

2.

Make sure the File Type: field is set to LsDyna.

3.

Save the file as Bumper_complete.key.

4.

Click E x p o r t .


From the Start menu, open the LS-DYNA Manager program.

2.

From the solvers menu, select Start LS-DYNA analysis .

3.

Load the file bumper_complete.key .

4.


Step 25 (Optional): View the results in HyperView


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HM-4625: Assemblies using DYNA In this tutorial, you will learn how to: Weld between geometry surfaces and shell elements Weld using a master connectors file and duplicating and reflecting connectors Create connectors from exist ing welds to create new welds of a different type Swap welded part Understand why connectors may fail to realize and how to correct the problems

Tools The Connectors module can be accessed by: The Connectors menu The Connector Browser which can be opened using View > Browsers > HyperMesh > Conn ector

Exercises This tutorial contains the following exercises: Exercise 1: Weld Between Geometry Surfaces and Shell Elements Exercise 2: Weld Using a Master Connectors File and Duplicating and Reflecting Connectors Exercise 3: Create Connectors from Existing Welds to Create New Welds of a Different Type Exercise 4: Swap Welded Part Exercis e 5: Troubleshoot Failure of Connectors to Realize The first four exercises will help you become familiar with connecting (welding) an assembly of parts, using various methods, and replacing parts with newer, s imilar parts and updating their affected connections. The fifth exercise will help you become familiar with troubleshooting failure of connectors to realize. The part assembly used in the first four exercises is depicted in the image below. A very brief description of the corresponding exercises follows. (The exercises are independent of each other.)

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Exercise 1: Weld Between Geometry Sur faces and Shell Elements The purpose of this ex ercise is to become familiar with creating welds at pre-defined weld points between geometry surfaces and shell elements. In this exercise, first weld the two front trusses depicted in the image below. Do this as follows: 1) create connectors between their geometry s urfaces at pre-defined weld points, and 2) realize t he connectors into two node weld elements.

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Second, weld the two front trusses to the reinforcement plate depicted in the image below. Do this as follows: 1) create connectors between their shell elements at pre-defined weld points and, 2) realize the connectors into two node weld elements.

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Step 1: Retrieve and view the model file 1.

Browse to the model file frame_assembly_1.hm.

2.


3.

From the Preferences menu, click User Pro fil es , or click the User Profi les icon.

4.

Select LsDyna .

Step 2: Create welds between the geometry for the two front trusses at the predefined weld points 1.

Click Connectors > Create > S p o t s.

2.

In the Model Browser , verify that the current component is Con_Frt_Truss.

3.

Switch the location: entity s elector to p o i n t s.

4.

Select the six pre-defined weld points by clicking on poi nts >> by collector.

5.

Select the component Con_Frt_Truss.

6.

Click select .

7.

For connect what:, clic k the yellow c o m p s button and select the components Front_Truss_1 and F ront_Truss_2.

8.

For the second connect what: line, toggle elems to geom .

9.

In the tolerance= field, specify 5.

10. Click type = and select weld . 11. Click create .

The six connectors are automatically created and realized. The green connectors indicate that the creation of the weld entity was successful. The connectors are organized as geometry (not elements) in the current component collector, Con_Frt_Truss.

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There are three states of connectors: realized (green ), unrealized (yellow ), and failed (red ).The color of the connectors change from yellow t o green (if created manually), indicating they are realized into weld elements. As mentioned above, if created automatically they will be green immediately as there is no interim unrealized (yellow) state. Fixed points were added to the surfaces at the ends of the weld elements to guarantee connectivity between the weld elements and the shell mesh that will be created on the surfaces.

Step 3: Create a shell mesh on the two front truss components 1.

Press F1 2 to go to the Automesh panel, or click Mesh > Create > A u t o m e s h .

2.

Go to the size and bias s ubpanel.

3.

Click on surfs >> by col lector. Place a check next to Front_Truss_1 and Front_Truss_2 and click select.

4.

In the elem size = field, specify 10.

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5.

Set the mesh type field to m i x e d .

6.

Ensure the toggle is set to elems to surf comp. (It currently may be elems to current comp.)

7.

Set the mesh mode to automatic. (It currently may be interactive.)

8.

Click mesh to mesh the surfaces.

9.

Click the Z o o m icon to zoom into the area with a connector and see how the fixed point created from the weld has ensured the mesh seeding passes through the weld.

10. Click return to close the panel.

Step 4: Create connectors between the shell mesh for the front trusses and the reinforcement plate at pre-defined points Perform the following steps to create and realize the connectors manually. 1.

Set the current component collector to Con_Truss_Plate by right-clicking on it in the Model Browser and selecting M ake Current .

2.

Click Conn ectors > Create > Spots.

3.

Verify that you are in the create subpanel.

4.

For location:, select p o i n t s.

5.

Click poi nts >> by coll ector. Place a check next to Con_Truss_Plate and click select.

6.

Verify connect when: is set to n o w .

7.

In the top connect what: field, click c o m p s and select the following components: Front_Truss_1 Front_Truss_2 Reinf_Plate

8.

In the lower connect what: field, toggle geom to elems .

9.

Click create to create connectors at the selected weld points.

The connectors are organized into t he current component collect or Con_Truss_Plate.

Step 5: Realize the connectors in the component Co n_Truss_Plate into weld

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elements 1.

Go to the realize subpanel.

2.

Click conn ectors >> by collector . Place a check next t o Con_Truss_Plate and click select .

3.

For type =, select weld .

4.

In the tolerance= field, type 5.

5.

Ensure the toggle is set to mesh dependent. When the option mesh dependent is active, if the realized finite element of the connector is coincident to a node of the shell mesh it is being connected to, the nodes are equivalenced. If there are no suitable nodes present, this option will partition the mesh accordingly to ensure the mesh seeding passes through the weld point.

6.

Click realize to realize the selected connectors into weld elements.

7.


Exercise 1 is complete. If desired, save your work as a HyperMesh file.

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Exercise 2: Weld Using a Master Connectors File and Duplicating and Reflecting Connectors The purpose of this exercise is to become familiar with defining weld locations in HyperMesh by importing a master connector’s file. Also, become familiar with duplicating, reflecting, and updating connectors to create welds. In this exercise, you will first weld the two right rails to each other and to the two front trusses depicted in the image below. Do this as follows: 1) import weld point data from a master connectors file, 2) create connectors, and 3) realize the connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.

Second, you will weld the two left rails to each other and to the two front trusses depicted in the image below. Do this as follows: 1) duplicate and reflect the connectors that were created by importing the master connectors file, 2) update the link information for the reflected connectors, and 3) realize the connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.

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Third, you will combine adjacent 2T connectors into 3T connectors in order to update adjacent 2T welds to 3T welds.



2.

Select LsDyna .


Retrieve the model file, frame_assembly_2.hm.

2.


Step 3: Create connectors to connect the right rails to each other and to the front trusses by importing a master connectors file 1.

Click F i l e > Im port > Conn ectors .

2.

In the File Type: field, select Connectors

3.

In the File: field, browse to find the file rails_frt_truss.mwf in the tutorial directory.

4.

Click I m p o r t to import the file. Notice the connectors are automatically created and are organized into the new component CE_Locations.

5.

Click Close.

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Step 4: Realize the connectors in the component, CE_Locations, into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds 1.

Set the current component collector to CE_Locations by right-clicking on it in the Model Browser and selecting M ake Current .

2.

Click Connectors > Realize > S p o t s.

3.

Click conn ectors >> by collector. Select the component CE_Locations.

4.

In the tolerance = field, verify 5 is specified.

5.

Click the toggle to m esh independent .

6.

Click type = and select mat100 from the list.

7.

Click realize to realize the selected connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.

8.


9.

Notice the welds are organized into the following new component collectors in the Model Browser : C_^_1_7 _BEAM_100 C_^_6_7 _BEAM_100 C_^_2_7 _BEAM_100 C_^_1_6 _BEAM_100 where the naming convention for these components is C_^_[id of comp 1]_[id of comp 2 ].

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Step 5: Verify materials were automatically created when the LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds were created 1.

In the Model Browser , open the Material folder and notice several materials (IDs 8 through 11) were automatically created when the LS-DYNA 100 M at100 (beam) welds were created. The naming convention for them is M_^_[id of comp 1]_[id of comp 2] . One material is created for every two components that are connected.

2.

Right-click on one of these materials.

3.

Select Card Edi t . Notice the card image is set to *MAT_SPOTWELD. Notice values are automatically specified for the parameters’ density, Young’s Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio.

4.


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Step 6: Verify that properties were automatically created when the LS-D YNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds were created 1.

In the Model Browser , open the Property folder and notice several properties (IDs 6 through 9) were automatically created when the LS-DYNA 100 M at100 (beam) welds were created. The naming convention for them is P_^_[id of comp 1]_[id of comp 2] . One property is created for every two components that are connected.

2.

Right-click on one of these properties.

3.

Select Card Edi t . Notice the card image is set to SectBeam (*SECTION_BEAM) and that only default values are specified for the property’s parameters.

4.


Step 7: Verify that a contact was automatically created when the LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds were created 1.

In the Model Browser , open the Group folder.

2.

Right-click on C_Spotweld_1 .

3.

Click Card Edi t . Notice the card image is set to ContactSpotweld (*CONTACT_SPOTWELD_ID).

4.

Click return to exit the card image.

5.

Click B Cs > Assign > Interface Enti ties .

6.

Click on the name = field and select C_Spotweld_1 .

7.

Click review to review the contact. Notice the contact’s master elements are temporarily colored blue while its slave elements are temporarily colored red.

8.


Step 8: Display the components Left_Rail_1 and Left_Rail_2 for elements 1.

In the Model Browser , right-click on the components Left_Rail_1 and Left_Rail_2.

2.

Select S h o w .

Step 9: Duplicate the connectors created from the master connectors file and reflect them 1.

Right click in the Model Browser and pick Create > Com pon ent .

2.

In the Name field, type CE_Locations_Dup . No materials or properties are assigned.

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3.

Click Create to create the component.

4.

Click Conn ectors > Reflect > C o m p o n e n t s.

5.

Click conn ectors >> by coll ector. Select the component ^SPOTWELD_plots.

6.

Click on connectors again, select dupl icate and select c u r r en t c o m p . The displayed c onnectors are duplicated and the duplicates are organized into the current component, CE_Locations_Dup.

7.

Set the plane selector to x-axis. This is the axis normal to the plane of interest.

8.

Click on base node

9.

Click x = .

to reflect about.

The fields for x =, y =, and z = are activated. By default their value is 0.000, which is the base point you want to reflect about. 10. Click return to go back to the Reflect panel. 11. Click reflect to reflect the connectors. 12. Click return to close the panel.

Step 10: Update the connectors for the left rails to link them to the left rail components 1.

Click on View > Brow sers > HyperM esh > Connector .

2.

Open the mat 100 folder that contains the connectors in the model with material mat100. You will see the reflected connectors which are unrealized and are shown as yellow in the Connector Browser .

3.

To realize the connectors, update the links as: Right_Rail_1

Left_Rail_1

Right_Rail_2

Left_Rail_2

4.

Right click on the Connector Browser to display the context menu and pick Update Lin k s .

5.

Select all the unrealized connectors in the Connector Browser .

6.

In the table, in the Search column, for the Link Type field, select c o m p s.

7.

In the table, in the Search column, click on the L i n k S e l ec t field.

8.

In the panel area, click the yellow c o m p o n e n t button and select the component Right_Rail_1.

9.

Click proceed .

10. In the table, in the Replace column, for the Link Type field, select c o m p s.

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11. In the table, in the Replace column, click on the Link Select field. 12. In the panel area, click the yellow c o m p o n e n t button and select the component Left_Rail_1. 13. Click proceed . 14. Click Update in the Connector Browser . 15. Repeat steps 6 through 14, finding the component Right_Rail_2 and replacing it with the Left_Rail_2 component. 16. Scroll through the list of unrealized connectors in the table to make sure none are linked to the Right_Rail components. 17. To realize the connectors, right click on the selected components in the Connector Browser and click . Rerealize

Step 11: Verify that all connectors are realized and identify the pairs of adjacent connectors All t he connectors lis ted in the Connector Browser are realized and the color of the connector icon is switched from yellow t o green. Notice that the State column indicates that all of the connectors are realized. 1.

Zoom into one of the t wo areas where the front trusses are connected to the rail components.

2.

Notice that at these two areas, pairs of adjacent connectors exist.

3.

From the toolbar, click on the Visualization icon

4.

Under Color by, activate the option Layer . Notice that 2t (two thickness) is purple.

, and select the Connectors icon.

Notice the connectors in the graphics area are now colored purple. This means each of these c onnectors links two components. Because the pairs of adjacent connectors create a series of two weld elements, you can combine each pair into a single connector, which links the three components together. 5.

Click Close to close the Visualization tab.

Step 12: Isolate the pairs of adjacent, 2t connectors identified in the previous step 1.

Using the Model Browser , turn off the display of geometry for all components.

2.

In the Connector Browser select Front_Truss_1, Front_Truss_2, Right_Rail_1, and Left_Rail_1.

3.

Right click on the selected components and click Find Between. The connectors and components are displayed.

Step 13: Unrealize the selected connectors

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The connectors should be select ed from the previous step. 1.

Right click on the selected connectors in the Connector Browser and click Unrealize .

Step 14: Combine the pairs of adjacent, 2t connectors into 3t connectors 1.

Click Connectors > Check > Connector Quality .

2.

Select conn ectors >> di splayed .

3.

For tolerance = specify 5.

4.

Click p r e vi e w c o m b i n e. The header bar displays the mess age, "12 connector(s) found that need to be combined ".

5.

Click c o m b i n e to combine the connectors. The header bar displays the message, "6 connectors deleted". The connectors are now blue as this color is specified for 3t (three thickness) connectors in the Visualization tab.

6.

Click return.

Step 15: Realize the 3t connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds and organize them into the component Con_Frt_Truss 1.

Right-click on Con_Frt_Truss in the Model Browser and select M ake Current .

2.


3.


4.

For type = , select m at 100 .

5.

For tolerance = verify 5 is specified.

6.

Click realize to realize the connectors.

7.

Click return.

Step 16 (Optional): The exercise is complete. Save your work as a HyperMesh file.

Exercise 3: Create Connectors from Existing Welds to Create New Welds of a Different T ype The purpose of this exercise is to become familiar with absorbing existing finite element welds into connectors in order to create new finite element welds of a different type.

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In this exercise, LS-DYNA 101 Mat100 (hexa) welds already connect the rear trusses to each other. You will update the weld type to LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds. Do this as follows: 1) create connectors from the existing LS-DYNA 101 Mat100 (hexa) welds, and 2) realize the connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.



2.

Select LsDyna .


Retrieve the model file, frame_assembly_3.hm .

2.


Step 3: Create connectors from existing LS-DYNA 101 Mat100 (hexa) welds 1.

Click Connectors > Fe Absorb . The Automated Connector Creation and FE Absorption dialog opens.

2.

Set FE Configs: to custom .

3.

Set FE Type: to dy na 101 mat 100 (hexa) .

4.

Toggle Elem filter: from all to select .

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5.

Click the Elem fil ter: Elements selector twice. A HyperMesh panel menu with an elems selector appears.

6.

Select elems >> by collector and select the following components: C_^_6_11_HEX C_^_7_11_HEX C_^_8_11_HEX C_^_9_11_HEX C_^_10_11_HEX

7.

Click proceed to return to the dialog.

8.

Set the FE connectivity option to M esh ind ependent (proj s).

9. Activate the Move connectors to FE component option. 10. Click A b s o r b to absorb the elements into connectors. Connectors are generated at the locations of the LS-DYNA 101Mat100 (hexa) welds. They are organized into the respective components to which t he LS-DYNA 101 Mat100 (hexa) welds belong. 11. Click Close to close the dialog.

Step 4: Isolate the 2t connectors between the Rear_Truss_2 component and the Right_Rail_2 and Left_Rail_2 components 1.

In the Connector Browser select Rear_Truss_2, Right_Rail_2, Left_Rail_2.

2.

Right click on the selected components and click Find Between . The components and connectors are displayed.

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Step 5: Add Rear_Truss_1 as a third link to four of the ten displayed 2t connectors 1.

In the Model Browser , right-click on the Rear_Truss_2, Left_Rail_2 and Right_Rail_2 components and select S h o w .

2.

Turn on the geometry for C^9_11_HEX.

3.

Click Connectors > A ssign > L i n k s.

4.

With the connectors selector active, select the four connectors indicated in the image below.

5.

For connect what: click c o m p s and select the component Rear_Truss_1.

6.

Verify that the connect what: toggle is set to e l e m s.

7. Activate the search tol = option and specify 5 for it. 8.

Switch # of layers: to total 3 .

9.

update the connectors’ definitions. Click a d d l i n k s to

The connectors now appear blue as they are 3t connections.

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10. Click return.

Step 6: Unrealize the connectors for the LS-DYNA 101 Mat100 (hexa) welds 1.

Using the Model Browser , turn on the display of the geometry for only the following components: C_^_6_11_HEX C_^_7_11_HEX C_^_8_11_HEX C_^_9_11_HEX C_^_10_11_HEX

2.

Click Connectors > Unrealize .

3.

Click on conn ectors >> d isplayed .

4.

Click unrealize to unrealize the connectors. The weld elements associated to these connectors are deleted.

5.

From the toolbar, click the Visualization icon

6.

Under Color by, activate State .

and select the Connectors icon.

Notice the displayed connectors are now colored yellow to indicate that they are not realized into FE elements. 7.

Click Close .

Step 7: Realize the unrealized connectors into LS-DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds 1.


2.

Click conn ectors >> displayed .

3.

In the type = field, select m at 100 .

4.

For tolerance = verify that 5 is specified.

5.


6.

Click return.

The exercise is complete. Save your work as a HyperMesh file.

Exercise 4: Swap Welded Part The purpose of this ex ercise is to become familiar with swapping welded parts and updating their affected connections (welds). In this exercise, you will replace the component Rear_Truss_1 with a new, similar part and update its

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affected connections (welds). Do this as follows: 1) update the connectors to use the "use name" rule, 2) delete the old part, 3) import the new part, and 4) realize the corresponding connectors into LS -DYNA 100 Mat100 (beam) welds.



2.

Select LsDyna .

Step 2: Open the model file 1.

Retrieve the model file, frame_assembly_4.hm .

2.


Step 3: Import the new model and update the connectors to use the rule "use name" when reconnecting parts 1.

From the View menu, select Connector Bro wser.

2.

Right click on the connector table to activate the context menu. Click on Configure Brow ser and activate E x t en d e d i n f o r m a t i o n on the Options tab to edit connector attributes.

3.

Click OK in the Browser Configuration dialog.

4.

Click F i l e > Im p o r t > M o d e l .

5.

Browse to and select the file rear_truss_1_new.hm.

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6.

Click I m p o r t to import the new model.

7.

Right-click on the component Rear_Truss_1 and select F i n d from the context menu. In the display you will only see the component Rear_Truss_1 and the connector attached to it. Also, the corresponding connectors are highlighted in Connector Browser .

8.

Right click in the Connector Browser to display the context menu and select Update Lin k . The Update table appears in the Connector Browser .

9.

Click the Link Select field for the Search column.

10. Click the c o m p o n e n t selector and select Rear_Truss_1 . 11. Click proceed to complete the selection. 12. In the Link rule row, in the Search column, select n o n e . 13. Click the Link Select field for the Replace column. 14. Click c o m p o n e n t and select Rear_Truss_1.1. 15. Click proceed to complete the selection. 16. In the Link rule row, in the Replace column, select use-name . 17. Click on Update to update the rule from none to use-name.

Step 4: Delete the component R e a r _ T r u s s _ 1 1.

Press F2 to go to the Delete panel.

2.

Click the switch and select c o m p s.

3.

Click the yellow c o m p s button and select the component Rear_Truss_1.

4.

Click delete entity .

5.

Click return.

6.

Press P on the keyboard to refresh the graphics area. Notice that the color of the displayed connectors changes from green (realized state) to yellow (unrealized state) for those connectors associated to the deleted component. This is because the deleted component was one of the connectors’ links. Notice the existing finite element welds are deleted.

Step 5: Realize the unrealized connectors 1.

Click Connectors > Reali ze > Spots.

2.


3.

In the type = field, select mat100 .

4.

For tolerance = verify that 5 is specified.

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5.


6.

Click return.

The exercise is complete. Save your work as a HyperMesh file.

Exercise 5: Troubleshoot Failure of Connectors to Realize The purpose for this exercis e is to become familiar with t roubleshooting the failure of connectors to realize. Specifically, this exercise will help you identify two common issues: 1) small projection tolerance and 2) missing link definitions. In this exercise, you will realize connectors to weld parts of a vehicle door frame. The model is depicted below.

Step 1: Load the LsDyna user profile 1.


2.

Select LsDyna .


Retrieve the model file body_side_assembly.hm.

2.

Take a few moments to observe the model using various visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation, zooming, etc. )

Step 3: Realize all the connectors using a projection tolerance of 1.0

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1.

Click Connectors > Reali ze > S p o t s.

2.

Click conn ectors >> all .

3.

For type = , select m at 100

4.

For tolerance = , s pecify 1.0

5.


6.

Notice in the status bar the message "257 connectors realized (9 failed)".

Step 4: Review the information table listing the connectors that failed to realize and determine the reasons for failure 1.

From the toolbar, click the Visualization icon

2.

Under State: deactivate Realized .


The realized (green) connectors are turned off. 3.

Click View > Brow sers > HyperMesh > Connector.

4.

Notice the following in the table for the five connectors with IDs 96, 155, 223, 261 and 262 are in red. In the Layer column, 2 layers are specified. In the Link1 and Link2 columns, a link is defined. Because the number of layers and links that were defined match, a possible cause for the connectors not realizing is a small projection tolerance.

5.

Notice the following in the table for the four connectors with IDs 152, 153, 154 and 156. In the Layer column, 3 layers are specified. In the Link1 column, a link is defined. In the Link2 column, no link is defined. There is no Link3 column with the third link definitions. Because the numbers of layers and links do not match, the likely cause for the connectors not realizing is undefined link definitions.

Step 5: Realize the failed connectors using a larger projection tolerance 1.

Right-click in the Connector Browser and select Create > S p o t .

2.

Click conn ectors >> di splayed .

3.

Verify that type = is m at 100 .

4.

For tolerance = , s pecify 2.0.

5.


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6.

Notice in the message bar the message "5 connectors realized (4 failed)".

7.

Stay in the Spot panel, realize subpanel for the next step.

Step 6: Define the missing second link for the failed connectors 1.

Select the unrealized connectors that are in the red in the Connector Browser .

2.

Right-click and pick A d d L i n k from context menu. The Add link table appears in the bottom of the browser.

3.

Deactivate the option Increment T.

4.

Click in the field under Link Type and set it to c o m p s.

5.

Click on the L i n k S e l ec t cell. Use the panel to select the component Comp2.

6.

Click A d d .

Step 7: Define the missing third link for the failed connectors 1.

Repeat Step 6 above, but select Comp10 in step 5.

Step 8: Realize the failed connectors 1.

Click Connectors > Reali ze > S p o t s.

2.

Click on conn ectors >> displayed .

3.

Verify that type = is m at 100 .

4.

For tolerance = , specify 4.0.

5.


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6.

From toolbar, click on Visualization

7.

Under Color by, select State and activate Realized.

8.

Notice all the connectors appear and are colored green. All of them are realized into FE elements.



Go to HyperMesh Tutorials

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HM-4630: Interfacing for Arbitrary - Lagrangian - Eulerian Capability using DYNA In this tutorial, you will learn how to: Use the ALE setup panel Define *ALE cards and other cards related to the LS-DYNA Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) capability Update the *SECTION card used by the ALE components INK and AIR to *SECTION_SOLID_ALE. Define *EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL for the ALE components. Define *INITIAL_VOID_PART to define the AIR component as the void in the fluid interaction. Define *ALE_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_NODE to control the motion of the ALE mesh. Define *ALE_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_GROUP to specify the reference system type for the fluid interaction of the ALE components.

Tools The ALE setup panel can be accessed from the Analysis page. The ALE setup panel allows y ou to c reate and modify input data pertaining to the Arbitrary-LagrangianEulerian LS-DYNA capability.

The Card Edit feature can be accessed by clicking the card edit icon The Card Edit panel allows you to select the entities that are viewed in the card image subpanel. The card images are defined in the template file. The control cards feature can be accessed by: On the Setup menu, click Create and select Control Cards On the Analysis page, clic k control cards The Control Cards panel allows you to set job-level, solver specific data. The available control cards are defined in the template file.

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Exercise: Define Model Data for the Ink Cartridge Drop Analysis The purpose for this exercis e is to help you become familiar with defining LS-DYNA cards for related to t he ALE c apability. This exercise comprises of setting up the model data for an LS-DYNA analysis of an ink cartridge falling through air and onto ground. The ink and ground model is shown in the image below.

Ink cartridge model

Loads and contacts are already defined in the model as follows. A velocity along the negative Y-axis is applied to every node of the ink cartridge using the c ard *INITIAL_VELOCITY. The interaction between the cartridge and the platform is defined using the card *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_NODES_TO_SURFACE. All the nodes of the CARTRIDGE are slave to the master PLATFORM component. Single point constraints are applied throughout the model. The PLATFORM component has all its DOF fully locked, while the parts in the ink cartridge have the Z translation (DOF 3) constrained. This

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last constraint is necessary for symmetry reasons since the model has been simplified. Gravity load along the negative Y direction is applied to the entire model. A curve defining the force versus time function is defined to fully c reate a gravity load.

Step 1: Load the LS-DYNA profile 1.

On the Preferences menu, select User Pro fil es .

2.

Select LsDyna , and click OK .

Step 2: Retrieve the model file and review it’s contents 1.

Click F i l e > O p en > M o d e l and browse to the file cartridge.hm .

2.

In the Model Browser , expand the Component folder. Notice the model is broken up into 4 collectors: AIR, CARTRIDGE, INK, a nd PLATFORM.

3.

Use the Model Browser or the Solver Browser to review the defined materials and properties.

Step 3: Update the *SECTION_SOLID card used by the ALE components INK and AIR to *SECTION_SOLID_ALE 1.

Right click in the Model Browser on the property SOLID PROP FOR ALE and pick Card Edi t .

2.

In the card image, verify that [ELMFORM] is set to 12 .

3.

For Options, clic k the toggle to select A L E .

4.


Step 4: Define *EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL for the ALE components 1.

Click View > Bro wsers > HyperM esh > S olver to open the Solver Browser, if not already open.

2.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *EOS > *EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL.

3.

For Name , enter EOS_LINEAR and click OK .

4.

In the card image, in the field [c1], enter 1.5E+9 .

5.

In the field [V0] enter 1.

6.


Step 5: Assign *EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL for the ALE components 1.

In the Model Browser , right click on the INK component and click Card Edi t .

2.

Double click EOSID and select the EOS_LINEAR property.

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3.

Click return to exit the Card Image panel.

4.

Repeat steps 1-3 for the AIR component.

Step 6: Define *INITIAL_VOID_PART to define the AIR component as the void in the fluid interaction 1.

Right click in the Solver Browser and pick Create > *INITIA L_V OID .

2.

For Name , enter VOID and click OK .

3.

Click return to go back to the ALE setup panel.

4.

Select the add/update subpanel.

5.

For name=, select VOID .

6.

For options:, switch to c o m p s.

7.

With the comps selector active, select the AIR component.

8.

Click update to update the card.

9.

Click edit to view the *INITIAL_VOID_PART card image.

10. Click return to go back to the ALE setup panel. 11. Stay in the ALE setup panel for the next step.

Step 7: Define *ALE_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_NODE to control the motion of the ALE mesh 1.

Select the create s ubpanel.

2.

For name = , enter ALE_NODE .

3.

For type =, select RefSysNode .

4.

Click create/edit to edit the card.

5.

For [NodeCount], type 3 and press Enter .

6.

Double click on NID(1), type 5 and press Enter .

7.


8.


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9.

Click return to go back to the create subpanel.

10. Stay in the ALE setup panel for the next step.

Step 8: Define *ALE_REFERENCE_SYSTEM_GROUP to specify the reference system type for the fluid interaction of the ALE components 1.

Verify that you are in the create subpanel.

2.

For name = , enter SYSTEM_GROUP .

3.

For type = , select RefSysGrp .

4.

Click create to create the card.

5.

Select the add/update subpanel.

6.

For options:, switch to c o m p s.

7.

With the comps selector active, select the components INK and AIR.

8.

Click update to update the card.

9.

Click edit to view the card image for this group.

10. Click on [PRTYPE] and select 5 . 11. Click on [PRID] and select the predefined group ALE_NODE . 12. Click return to go back to the ALE setup panel. 13. Click return to close the panel.

Step 9: Review the pre-defined *CONTROL_ALE card and export the model to an LS-DYNA 971 formatted input file 1.

Click Setup > Create > Control Cards .

2.

Click CONTROL_ALE .

3.

Review the *CONTROL_ALE parameters.

4.


5.


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6.

From the toolbar, click the E x p o r t icon

7.

Set the Template: field to Keyword971 .

8.

In the File: field, enter the file name as cartridge_complete.key

9.

Click E x p o r t .

.


From the desktop’s Start menu, open the LS-DYNA Manager program.

2.

From the solvers menu, select Start LS-DYNA an alysis .

3.

Load the file cartridge_complete.key .

4.


Step 11 (Optional): View the results in HyperView The results for ALE data are stored as Extra Solid History Varia ble in HyperView.


Go to HyperMesh Tutorials

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HM-4635: Checking Penetration, Creating Joints and Checking Minimum Minimum Time Step S tep Before starting this tutorial it is recommended that you complete the introductory tutorial, Getting Started with HyperMesh - HM-1000. This tutorial explains techniques commonly used in different crash analysis codes. The following exercises are included: Creating Creating joints Checking the minimum time step To fix and check penetration, refer to the Penetration - HM-3320 tutorial.

Exercise 1: Creating Joints Joint definitions definitions are created in the FE joints panel on the 1D page 1D page.. HyperMesh supports supports the following following standard joint joint types: ty pes: spherical, revolute, revolute, cylindrical, cy lindrical, planar, planar, universal, universal, translational, and locking. HyperMesh also supports LS-DYNA’s *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS_OPTION property to define friction, damping, stop angles, etc. The LS-DYNA solver interface supports the creation of joints in the FE joints panel. The PAM-CRASH solver solver interface interface currently s upports upports t he creation of joints as rod elements elements (see Using the PAM-CRASH Interface in HyperMesh - HM-4700). Note:

A spher s pherical ical joint j oint consis ts of two coincident nodes. During During analysis , the t he two coincident nodes are forced to remain coincident but the bodies attached to each coincident node are allowed to rotate freely about the joint location.

Step 1: Select the LS-DYNA profile profile and load the Keyword Keyw ord 971 template 1.

Upon opening, HyperMesh prompts you to select a user profile. Select the LS-DYNA profile.

2.

Once the LS-DYNA profile is selected, the template drop down menu becomes activated. Select the Keyword 971 template. 971 template.

3.

Click OK .

Step 2: Retrieve the file file 1.

Click F i l e > O p en en > M o d e l .

2.

Browse to the file \tutorials\hm\interfaces\lsdyna\ joints.hm .

3.

Click Open .

4.

To view the model in its entirety, click F on on the keyboard to fit the model to the screen.

Step 3: Activate Activate coincident node picking

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Acc ording to the LS-DYNA specification, a joint needs to reference reference a pair of coincident nodes. The The creation of this element requires the selection of coincident nodes. Do this by activating the coincident node picking option in HyperMesh. When activated, any attempt to select a coincident node will present you with a selection circle identifying the coincident node ID. 1.

From the Preferences menu, Preferences menu, select Graphics .

2. Activ Act ivate ate the coincident picking check picking check box. 3.

Click return .

Step 4: Change the display 1.

In the Model Browser Browser , expand the Component folder to display it's contents.

2.

Click on the elements elements and geometry icons to turn off the display of all components, except the blue torus torus, orange torus torus, and New Joint component.

Step 5: Create a spherical joint joint 1.

Click Mesh > > Create > > 1D Elements > > J o i n t s.

2.

Click the switch under joint under joint type and type and select spherical .

3.

Left click once on a node in the center of both tori to bring up the coincident node picking window (see figure below). There are two nodes in the window, node 598 and node 1.

4.

While holding down the left mouse button, drag the cursor over the node labeled 598. 598.



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The blue rigid body attached to this node is highlighted. 5.

Release the left mouse button to select node 598.

6.

Repeat the last three steps, but select node 1 from the c oincident node picki ng window instead of node node 598.

7.

Click create to generate the spherical joint element. to

8.

Click return .

Note:

A revolute revolute joint c onsists onsist s of four nodes, nodes, t wo sets of two coincident nodes. During During analysis , all four four of the rev revolute joint’s nodes remain at the same loc ation with respect to each ot her. The The bodies attached to t he nodes nodes are free free to rotate about the axis t hat lies along the length of the revolute revolute joint.

Step 6: Change the display 1.

In the Model Browser Browser , click the Component View icon. View icon.

2.

Click on the elements elements and geometry icons to turn off the display of all components, except the Bearing, Bearing, Shaft, haft, Bearing Rigids, Rigids, Shaft Rigids, Rigids, and New Joint c Joint c ollectors. ollectors.

3.

Click F to to fit the model to the graphics area.

Step 7: Create a revolute joint 1.

Zoom in on one end of the shaft assembly (see figure below).

2.

Click Mesh > > Create > > 1D Elements > > Joints.

3.

Click the switch under joint under joint type and type and select revolute .

4.

Left click once on a node at the center of one of the rigid link elements to bring up the coincident node picking window (see figure below).

5.

Select a node attached to a blue rigid link element. If you depress the left mouse button while your cursor is over a node in the coincident node picking

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window, the element attached to that node is highlighted. 6.

Click at the same node location again and select the node attached to the orange rigid link element.

7.

Repeat the previous three steps on the opposing pair of blue and orange rigid link elements (see figure below).

8.

Click create .

9.

Click return .

See also: FE Joints panel in the HyperMesh Panels online help.

Exercise 2: Checking the Minimum Time Step The Time subpanel in the check ele ms panel calculates element time steps, based on the FEA solver, and allows you to check for time steps that fall below a specified value. In explicit codes such as LS-DYNA it is sufficient that a single element would have a small time step to drastically reduce the total CPU time of the entire job. For this reason the check is used to identify those elements.

Step 1: Retrieve the file 1.

Click F i l e > O p en > M o d e l .

2.

Select the pene_dyna.hm file.

3.

Click Open .

Step 2: Specify the template 1.

Click F i l e > Load > Sol ver Templ ate .

2.

Navigate to the LS-DYNA folder and select the dyna.key file.

3.

Click Open .

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The time step associated to an element is related to its geometric characteristic and to its material properties such as density and young modulus. For this reason a material and a valid template need to be associated to the elements. The time step is dependent upon the user profile, so you may want to load a different profile to see how results may change.

Step 3: Check the time steps 1.

Click Mesh > Check > Elements > C h ec k E l e m e n t s.

2.

Select the time subpanel.

3.

Click check e l e m s. HyperMesh lists the total number of elements failing the check.

4.

Click return .

See HyperMesh Tutorials for a complete list of tutorials.

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HM-4640: Dummy Positioning, Seatbelt Routing, and Control Volumes Before starting this tutorial it is recommended that you complete the introductory tutorial, HM-1000: Getting Started with HyperMesh. This tutorial continues with several exercises demonstrating general interfacing with crash analysis codes. Dummy positioning Seatbelt routing Reviewing airbag design state

Dummy positioning The Dummy Positioning panel can be found on the Analysis page and choosing the Safety panel. The Dummy Positioning panel is used to position any dummy model that contains a component hierarchy (a.k. a. tree structure) defined in HyperMesh. The dynakey and pamcrash import translators can build the tree structure automatically when importing supported dummy model files.

H-Point s ub-panel

Step 1: Locate and open the HyperMesh file 1.


2.

Browse to the file dummy_position.hm .

3.

Click Open .

Step 2: Load the template 1.

Click F i l e > Load > Sol ver Template .

2.

Navigate to the LS-DYNA folder and select the dyna.key file.

3.

Click Open .

Step 3: Turn off all entities except components and set the component display to shaded only

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1.

In the Model Browser , click the C o m p o n e n t V i ew icon.

2.

Click on the Shaded Elem ents and M esh Li nes

3.

From the Analysis page, click the Safety panel and then select the Dummy panel.

icon to turn on performance graphics.

4. Activate the H-point radio button to enter the H-point s ubpanel. 5.

Select any element on the dummy to select the entire dummy.

6.

Under p o s i t i o n : enter the following: x = -1.280 y = 0.350 z = 0.284

The tab key can be used to cycle through the number fields. 7.

Click position to move the H-point to the specified coordinates.

8.

Under rotate: set the N1, N2, N3 vector selection to y-axis and set increment = 24.00 .

9.

Click rotate+ to see the rotation angle about the y-axis.

10. Click ro tate- to see the negative rotation about the y-axis.

Step 4: Adjust the limb positions Adjusting limbs utilizes the incremental subpanel in the Dummy Positioning panel. Internally, inc remental rotations are based on success ive rotations about X, Y, then Z. These succ essive rotation values are reflected in the current number fields. It is not required to rotate joints in order about their local X, then Y, and then Z axis when using the interface in the Dummy Positioning panel. There is no limitation on the number of rotations or the order of rotations. However, rotating out of sequence will modify all rotat ion values reported in the X, Y, and Z current number fields to reflect successive rotations.

Incremental sub-panel

To adjust the limb positions: 1. Activate the incremental radio button to enter the incremental subpanel. 2.

Enter 5.00 in the increment number field.

3.

Select any element in the lower left leg. HyperMesh follows the m odel hierarchy up to the previous joint in the knee and down to the end of the hierarchy through the foot.

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4.

In the y rot row, click the < , decrement five times to change the rotation of the left knee t o -25.0 degrees.

5.

Select any element in the lower right leg and click the < , decrement, next to y rot row five times to change the rotation of the right knee to -25.0 degrees.

6.

Repeat this exercise to set the shoulders’ y rot to -40.0, elbows’ y rot to -65.0, and wrists’ x rot to +/10.0.

7.

Click return .

Steps 5-7: Seatbelt Routing From the Analysis page, select the Safety panel and click b e l t r o u t i n g to access the Belt Routing panel. The Belt Routing panel can be used to create straight seatbelt segments as well as seatbelt segments that wrap around a dummy’s torso or lap.

Belt routing panel

Step 5: Create straight belt segments

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Seatbelt 1

1.


2.

Select the seatbelt.hm file and click Open .

3.


4.


5.

From the Analysis page, select the Safety panel, then the belt routing subpanel.


6. Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the yellow retractor element (see figure, Seatbelt 1, below). 7.

Select the upper, red slipring for the to node selection box (see figure).

8.

Click mesh . When components for the wrap around: selection have not been specified, Hy perMesh creates straight belt segments between the from node and to node.

9.

Click return .

Step 6: Create shoulder belt segments that wrap around the torso

Seatbelt 2

1. Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the upper, red slipring element (see figure).

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2.

Select the lower, red slipring element for the to node selection box (see figure).

3. Activate the comps selection box and select the components that compose the torso area. 4.

Click the comps entity selection box twice to bring up the Component List panel.

5.

Click the comps entity selection box in the Component List panel to bring up the extended selection window.

6.

Select by assems to bring up the Assembly List panel.

7.

Select the upper torso and lower torso assembly.

8.

Click select in the Assembly List panel.

9.

Click return .

10. Click the toggle next to 1D to set it to 2D/1D to create a combination of linear and plate belt elements. 11. Enter the following values: belt width = 0.03 from side endle ngth = 0.10 to side endle ngth = 0.01 gap = 0.005 12. Click pl ace 1D elem ents in twice and select the seatbelts_linear collector containing linear element properties. 13. Click pl ace 2D elements in twice and select the seatbelts_shell collector containing shell element properties.

Belt routing panel settings

14. Click o r i e n t to create the belt line and enter belt orientation mode. Two red and one green belt segments are displayed. The red segments represent the belt line between the connection points and the first point of contact on the dummy. The green segment is in contact with the dummy. 15. Adjust the segments by click ing on a segment to activate it, then while holding in the left mouse button, drag the mouse up and down to adjust the segment’s orientation about its endpoints. The easiest way to adjust the belt line is to adjust the two end segments rather than the center green segment. 16. When the belt is properly oriented, click mesh to enter the mesh model. 17. Adjust the belt densities in t he mesh module as needed then click return to leave the mesh module. Note

Click the toggle in the panel area of the mesh module to switch between a tria and rigid element transition between the shell and linear elements.

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Step 7: Create belt segments that wrap around the lap The steps for creating belt segments that wrap around the lap are the same as the steps for wrapping belts around the torso. The only difference is to select new end points as well as the lap components inst ead of torso components.

1. Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the top of the constraint on the floor (see figure). 2.

Keep the lower, red element at the buckle as the to node (see figure).

3.

Click reset

4.

Next you will select the components that compose the lap. Click the c o m p s entity selection box to bring up the Component List panel.

5.

Click the c o m p s entity selection box in the Component List panel to bring up the entity selection window.

6.

Select by assem s to bring up the Assembly List panel.

under the comps selection box.

7. Activate the checkboxes next to the lower torso, upper left leg, and upper right leg ass emblies. 8.

Click select to leave the Assembly List panel.

9.

Click return to leave the Component List panel.

10. Click o r i e n t to create the belt l ine and enter belt orientation mode. Two red and one green belt segments are displayed. The red segments represent the belt line between the connection points and

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the first point of contact on the dummy. The green segment is in contact with the dummy. 11. Adjust the segments by click ing on a segment to activate it, then while holding in the left mouse button, drag the mouse up and down to adjust the segment’s orientation about its endpoints. The easiest way to adjust the belt line is to adjust the two end segments rather than the center green segment. 12. When the belt is properly oriented, click mesh to enter the mesh model. 13. Adjust the belt densities in t he mesh module as needed, and then click return to leave the Seatbelt Mesh panel.

Seatbelt 3

Step 8: Review the airbag design state The Control Volumes panel is located under the Safety panel module. The Control Volume s panel can be used to create control volumes as well as review their design st ate. 1.


2.

Select the seatbelt.hm file and click Open .

3.


4.


5.

From the Analysis page, select the Safety panel, then the control vol subpanel.

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HyperMesh 11.0 LS-DYNA Tutorials

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