Impacto Ambiental de La Industria Del Cuero

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL JOSÉ FAUSTINO FAUSTINO SÁNCHEZ CARRIÓN FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA AGRARIA, INDUSTRIAS ALIMENTARIAS Y AMBIENTAL ESCUELA PROFESIONAL PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL AMBIENTAL

BALANCE DE MATERIA MATERIA Y ENERGIA

TRABAJO N° 01 IMPA IMPACTO AMBIENTA AMBIENTAL L DE LA INDUSTRIA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO

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13 4 10 4 15 -UAC-O 4 PER6 7015

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PROCESOS PROCESOS PARA LA OBTENCI9N OBTENCI9N DE CUERO888888888888 CUERO888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888 5 1818

ETAP ETAPA A DE RIBERA888888 RIBERA88888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888888885 888888888888888888885

181818 181818

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181878 181878

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18188 18188

PELAM PELAMBR BRE888 E88888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 8888888888 888888888888888 888888888888888888 888888888888888; 888888;

181838 181838

DESCA DESCARNA RNADO8 DO888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888888 8888888888888888 8888888888; 8;

181858 181858

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1818;8 1818;8

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1818<8 1818<8

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1818=8 1818=8

REBAJ REBAJADO ADO88888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 88888888888 888888888888888< 888888888<

1818>8 1818>8

RE? RE? CURTID CURTIDO888 O88888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888888 8888888888888888 8888888888888= 88888=

1878

ETAP ETAPA A DE PRE? ACABADO888 ACABADO888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888 88888888==

187818 187818

DES2E DES2ENAD NADO88 O888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888= 88888=

187878 187878

SECADO SECADO AL 2ACIO 2ACIO8888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888= 88=

18788 18788

SECADO SECADO AL AMBIE AMBIENTE NTE8888 88888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 88888888888 888888888888888> 88888888>

187838 187838

ABLAN ABLANDAD DADO88 O888888 88888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 88888888888888 88888888888888888 8888888888888888> 88888888>

187858 187858

LIJADO LIJADO8888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 88888888888 888888888888888 888888888888810 888810

1878;8 1878;8

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188

ETAP ETAPA A DE ACABADO88 ACABADO88888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888888888 10

18818 18818

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18878 18878

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1888 1888

MEDICI MEDICI9N8 9N888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 88888888888888 88888888888888888 888888888888888881 888888888111

78

BALANC BALANCE E DE MATERI MATERIA A EN EL PROCES PROCESO O DE OBTENCI OBTENCION ON DEL CUERO CUERO88888 8888888888888 88888888888888888 88888888888888817 88888817

8

IMPA IMPACTO DE LA PRODUCCI PRODUCCION ON DE DE CUERO CUERO EN EL EL AMBIENTE88 AMBIENTE88888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888 88888888888881< 1< IMPA IMP ACTO AMBIENTA AMBIENTAL L DE LA INDUSTRIA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC UNJFSC

7

CONTENIDO INTRODUCCION8888888888888888888888888 INTRODUCCION888888888888888 88888888888888888888 88888888888888888888 888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888 88888888888888888888 88888888888888888888 88888888888888888888 888888888888888888888 88888888888888888 88888888888 88888888 888 3 18

PROCESOS PROCESOS PARA LA OBTENCI9N OBTENCI9N DE CUERO888888888888 CUERO888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888 5 1818

ETAP ETAPA A DE RIBERA888888 RIBERA88888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888888885 888888888888888888885

181818 181818

SALADO SALADO88888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 88888888885 888885

181878 181878

REMOJ REMOJO88 O8888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 888888888888 8888888888885 888885

18188 18188

PELAM PELAMBR BRE888 E88888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 8888888888 888888888888888 888888888888888888 888888888888888; 888888;

181838 181838

DESCA DESCARNA RNADO8 DO888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888888 8888888888888888 8888888888; 8;

181858 181858

DI2IDI DI2IDIDO8 DO888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 88888888888; 888888;

1818;8 1818;8

CURTID CURTIDO88 O888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888888 8888888888888888 88888888888888888 888888888< 8<

1818<8 1818<8

ESCURR ESCURRIDO IDO8888 888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 88888888888 888888888< 888<

1818=8 1818=8

REBAJ REBAJADO ADO88888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 88888888888 888888888888888< 888888888<

1818>8 1818>8

RE? RE? CURTID CURTIDO888 O88888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888888 8888888888888888 8888888888888= 88888=

1878

ETAP ETAPA A DE PRE? ACABADO888 ACABADO888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888 88888888==

187818 187818

DES2E DES2ENAD NADO88 O888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888= 88888=

187878 187878

SECADO SECADO AL 2ACIO 2ACIO8888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888= 88=

18788 18788

SECADO SECADO AL AMBIE AMBIENTE NTE8888 88888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 88888888888 888888888888888> 88888888>

187838 187838

ABLAN ABLANDAD DADO88 O888888 88888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 88888888888888 88888888888888888 8888888888888888> 88888888>

187858 187858

LIJADO LIJADO8888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 88888888888 888888888888888 888888888888810 888810

1878;8 1878;8

DESEM DESEMPO POL2 L2AD ADO888 O88888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 88888888888 888888888888888 88888888888810 88810

188

ETAP ETAPA A DE ACABADO88 ACABADO88888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888888888 10

18818 18818

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18878 18878

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1888 1888

MEDICI MEDICI9N8 9N888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 888888888 888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 8888888888 88888888888888 88888888888888888 888888888888888881 888888888111

78

BALANC BALANCE E DE MATERI MATERIA A EN EL PROCES PROCESO O DE OBTENCI OBTENCION ON DEL CUERO CUERO88888 8888888888888 88888888888888888 88888888888888817 88888817

8

IMPA IMPACTO DE LA PRODUCCI PRODUCCION ON DE DE CUERO CUERO EN EL EL AMBIENTE88 AMBIENTE88888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888 88888888888881< 1< IMPA IMP ACTO AMBIENTA AMBIENTAL L DE LA INDUSTRIA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC UNJFSC

7

818 TIPOS TIPOS DE RESIDUOS8 RESIDUOS888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888881= 8888888888881= 81818 RESIDUOS L@UIDOS88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888881= 81878 81878 RESIDUOS RESIDUOS S9LIDOS8888888 S9LIDOS8888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888 88888888881> 1> 878 IMPACTO SOBRE EL AMBIENTE888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888881> 87818 EFECTOS SOBRE LA CONTAMINACI9N DE AGUA88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888881> 87878 EFECTOS SOBRE EL ALCANTARILLADO Y PLANTAS DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES888888888888888888888888888 RESIDUALES88888888888888888 88888888888888888888 888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888 88888888888888888888 88888888888888888888 888888888888888888888 88888888888888888 88888888888 888888888 888888888 888888888 88888888 8888 71 8788 EFECTOS SOBRE EL SUELO8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888871 87838 EFECTOS SOBRE LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888871 88 EL IMPA IMPACTO SOBRE SOBRE LA SALUD888888888888888 SALUD88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888888888888 8888877 77 38

MEDIDAS MEDIDAS PA PARA CONTRA CONTRAARRE ARRESTA STAR R EL IMPA IMPACTO88888888888888888 CTO88888888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888873 888888888888888888873 3818 BAOS BAOS CORTOS8888888888 CORTOS888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888 73 3878 DESULFURACI9N DE PELAMBRES Y CALEROS8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888875 388 EL PROCESO DE CURTICI9N CON SALES DE CROMO III8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888875 3838 TRATAMIENTOS DE RILES88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888875 3858 TRATAMIENTOS BIOL9GICOS888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887; 385818 385818 LODOS LODOS ACTI2OS ACTI2OS:88888888888 :88888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888 888888888887; 7; 385878 PEL@CULA BIOL9GICA O FILTROS PERCOLADORES888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887< 38588 38588 LAGUNAS LAGUNAS BIOL9GICA BIOL9GICAS888888888 S888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888888888 7<

58

CONCLUSIONE CONCLUSIONES88888888 S88888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888 7>

;8

BIBLIOGRAF BIBLIOGRAFIA888888888 IA88888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888 0

IMPA IMP ACTO AMBIENTA AMBIENTAL L DE LA INDUSTRIA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC UNJFSC

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INTRODUCCION L$ o"#eni(n e uero + ue on%#i#u.e !$% % $n#igu$ e !$% $&!i$ione% e !$% inu%#ri$% #eH#i!e%+ %e un$en#$ %ie&re en !$ nee%i$ e &ro#eger !$ &ie! e !o% $ni$!e% e! enureiien#o . e !$ &u#re$i(n8 E! uero %ir)i( $! &rini&io %o!$en#e &$r$ nue%#ro% )e%#io% . $$ )e' % on%#i#u,$ un$ $#eri$ %in !$ u$! nue%#r$ )i$ no &o,$ i$gin$r%e8 C$$ )e' $uirir,$ $.or i&or#$ni$ e! uero &$r$ )e%#iur$%+ oo &or e/e&!o+ &$r$ '$&$#o% gu$n#e% . &$rei$% !$%e% e o"/e#o% e uero+ $%, oo #$"i*n o#ro% o"/e#o% oo %i!!$%+ "o!%o% e $no+ ore%+ e#8 En uo% $r#,u!o% inu%#ri$!e%+ oo orre$% e i&u!%i(n+ &$r#e% e )e,u!o%+ &or e/e&!o+ ue!!e% ue $n#e% er$n e uero+ $n %io %u%#i#uio% en !$ $#u$!i$ &or o#ro% &rou#o% + oo $uo + &!%#io% + e#8 Lo% &!%#io% %on u#i!i'$o% u$% )ee% en !ug$r e! uero &orue %on % eon(io% . u$% )ee% $&ro&i$o% &$r$ e#erin$o% o"/e#o% e%&ei$!e%8 Pero n$$ $!$n'$ on !$% &ro&ie$e% e u%o uni)er%$! . !$ "e!!e'$ e! uero no"!e8 Se ree ue e! e%$rro!!o e !$ inu%#ri$ e! uero ue &rini&$!en#e e! re%u!#$o e e%u"riien#o% e&,rio%+ &ue%#o ue $ %io %o!$en#e en *&o$ reien#e u$no %e $ eH&re%$o en !engu$/e u,io $!go e !$ #eor,$ e !$ &re&$r$i(n . ur#io e uero8 E! &roe%o e! roo $ $e!er$o enoreen#e !$ o&er$i(n e ur#ir+ $uen#$no #$"i*n !$ re%i%#eni$ e! &rou#o8 Mien#r$% ue e! ur#io )ege#$! e% e&!e$o e oo u. gener$! . e% e #$r,o &roe%o8

IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

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1. PROCESOS PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE CUERO 1.1. ETAPA DE RIBERA 181818 SALADO L$ &re%er)$i(n %e re$!i'$ &or iner%i(n en %$!uer$8 L$% &ie!e% %e $&i!$n un$ &or un$ in#er$!no!$% on un$ $&$ e %$!8 En e%#$% oniione%+ !$% &ie!e% %e &ueen gu$r$r &or e%e% &re)io% $! &roe%o e ur#io+ .$ ue %$!$$% &re%en#$n uer#e re%i%#eni$ $ !o% iro?org$ni%o%8 Por o#ro !$o+ %$!$r !e &eri#e $ !$ e&re%$ #ener un %#o ue no e% $e#$o &or &ro"!e$% e e%$%e' o &or i!o e e%#$i(n8 E! &roe%o e%ri#o $n#erioren#e+ no %e re$!i'$ en !$ e&re%$ en e%#uio+ .$ ue !$% &ie!e% !e %on #r$,$% &or &ro)eeore%+ !o% u$!e% %on !o% ue re$!i'$n !$ $#i)i$ $n#e% e%ri#$8 Pero e% i&or#$n#e e%ri"ir+ &ue% e% un &roe%o %u$en#e i&or#$n#e &or !$% r$'one% ini$$% en !o% &rr$o% $n#eriore%8 Cu$no !o% &ro)eeore% #r$en !$% &ie!e%+ e%#$% %on $&i!$$%+ %e $ o"%er)$o ue on#ienen gr$n $n#i$ e %$!8

181878 REMOJO E! o"/e#i)o e e%#$ o&er$i(n e% reir$#$r !$% &ie!e%8 L$% ue no %on %$!$$% %e !$)$n %i&!een#e &$r$ ui#$r !$ %$ngre . $#eri$% orgni$% $eri$% $! &e!o8 En $"io+ !$% &ie!e% %$!$$% %on reo/$$% on )$rio% "$Ko% e $gu$ enriueio% on ue#$n#e%+ "$#erii$%+ e#ergen#e% . e%ine#$n#e%8 L$ o&er$i(n e reo/o %e !!e)$ $ $"o en #$"ore% ro#$#i)o%+ !o% u$!e% e%e $or$ en $e!$n#e enoin$reo% "o#$!e%8 Den#ro e e!!o%+ %e in#roue un !o#e e &ie!e% $&roHi$$en#e en#re 100 $ 170 uni$e%+ $gu$ &o#$"!e . e#erin$o% &rou#o% u,io%+ !o% u$!e% %e o"in$n en#ro e! "o#$! ue %e enuen#r$ gir$no+ $&roHi$$en#e+ )ein#iu$#ro or$%+ e%#o on !$ in$!i$ e "rin$r !$% $r$#er,%#i$% $n#e% enion$$%8 En e%#e &roe%o e% one %e gener$n !o% e!uen#e% on#$in$n#e% ue on#ienen %$!+ %$ngre+ #ierr$+ ee% . &rou#o% u,io% ue#$n#e%+ !$!i% . eni$ e reo/o !o% u$!e% u$no #ienen ue e%$rg$r%e %$!en &or e#erin$o% oriiio% e! "o#$! . )$n ire#$en#e $! $!$n#$ri!!$o+ %in un &re)io #r$#$ien#o8 Se e&!e$ $!reeor e #re% e#ro% "io% e $gu$ &o#$"!e en #oo e%#e &roe%o+ %in on#$"i!i'$r !$ $n#i$ e $gu$ ue %e e&!e$ &$r$ en/u$g$r !$% &ie!e% . e! "o#$! ue en &roeio e% !$ i%$ $n#i$ ue !$ inii$!8 IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

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18188 PELAMBRE De%&u*% e! reo/o+ !$% &ie!e% &$%$n $! &roe%o e &e!$"re8 E%#$ o&er$i(n %e re$!i'$ on !$ in$!i$ e in$r !$ e&ieri%+ re#ir$r e! &e!o e! uero+ %$&onii$r !$% gr$%$% n$#ur$!e% . en#ueer !$% i"r$% &$r$ $i!i#$r e! ee#o e! ur#io8 Se u#i!i'$ un "$Ko on $gi#$i(n &eri(i$ en un$ %o!ui(n ue on#iene %u!uro e %oio+ $! ir$#$$ . $in$ e &e!$"re+ ur$n#e un &erioo e )ein#iu$#ro or$% . on un on%uo e o% e#ro% "io% e $gu$8 %#e &roe%o %e re$!i'$ en e! i%o "o#$! ue e! reo/o+ on !$ iereni$ e ue %e in#er$"i$n !o% "$Ko% e $gu$ &o#$"!e e in%uo%8 Au, #$"i*n %e gener$n e!uen#e% on#$in$n#e%8 Luego e #erin$o e%#e &roe%o+ %e $"re un o&$r#iien#o )en#$n$ &eueK$ ue #iene e! "o#$! . %e e/$ ue !$% &ie!e% $ig$n $i$ e! %ue!o ien#r$% e! "o#$! e%# gir$no e%#o on !$ in$!i$ e ue &ue$n $er en %u #o#$!i$+ . !uego $!reeor e u$#ro o&er$rio% &roeen $ $g$$r%e $ reoger+ or#$r !$% &$r#e% ue no %ir)en ore/$%+ u"re%+ o!$%+ e#88 Y $&i!$r !$% &ie!e% en un$ 'on$ e#erin$$ &$r$ ue e&iee e! %iguien#e &roe%o8 E%#$ $#i)i$ #iene un$ ur$i(n $&roHi$$ e o% or$%8

181838 DESCARNADO L$ o&er$i(n e e%$rne in)o!ur$ !$ reoi(n e !o% #e/io% $i&o%o%+ %u"u#neo%+ u%u!$re% . e! %e"o $erio $ !$ $r$ in#ern$ e !$ &ie!+ &$r$ &eri#ir un$ &ene#r$i(n % i! e !o% &rou#o% ur#ien#e%8 E%#$ o&er$i(n %e !!e)$ $ $"o on uin$% o $nu$!en#e en ur#ie"re% e &eueKo #$$Ko8 En nue%#ro $%o+ %e re$!i'$ u#i!i'$no un$ uin$ e%$rn$or$+ !$ u$! e% o&er$$ &or o% o&er$rio%+ en !$ u$! in#rouen un !$o e !$ &ie! $%#$ e#erin$$ &rouni$ &or un !$o . !uego &or e! o#ro+ #ienen ue /$!$r!$% uer#een#e &$r$ ue no %e in#rou'$ &or o&!e#o+ .$ ue !$ uin$ gener$ un$ gr$n &re%i(n8 E%#e &roe%o gener$ gr$n $n#i$ e re%iuo%+ #$!e% oo !$ $rne #ri#ur$$ &or !$ uin$8

181858 DI2IDIDO Se &uee $er en !$ ri"er$ e%&u*% e! &e!$"re o e%&u*% e! ur#io on e! uero en Qe#?"!ue+ en nue%#ro $%o %e $e e%&u*% e! &e!$"re8 E%#$ o&er$i(n on%i%#e en i)iir en o% $&$% !$ &ie!+ %e&$r$no e! uero e !$ $rn$'$+ &$r$ !o u$! %e e&!e$ un$ uin$ i)iior$ . nee%i#$ %er o&er$$ &or o% #r$"$/$ore%8 E! eo e &$r#ir e! uero en o% $&$% $e ue inire#$en#e %e gener$n re%iuo%8 Lo &riori$! $u, e% #ener un $.or ui$o on e! uero+ &ue% e% !o ue % no% i&or#$8


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1818;8 CURTIDO L$ e#$&$ e ur#io e%# on%#i#ui$ &or )$rio% &roe%o%+ !o% u$!e% %e e%$rro!!$n en un i%o "o#$! gir$#orio &ero en ieren#e% e#$&$%+ #ienen en #o#$! un$ ur$i(n e iei%*i% or$%8 Lo% &roe%o% en eni(n %on !o% %iguien#e%: De%en$!$o+ &urg$ . &iue!$o8 •

DESENCALADO Y PURGA E! e%en$!$o . &urg$ e% !$ &re&$r$i(n e !$% &ie!e% &$r$ e! ur#io+ ei$n#e !$)$o% on $gu$ !i&i$+ #r$#$no e reuir !$ $!$!ini$ . reo)ieno !o% re%iuo% e $! . %u!uro e

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%oio8 Se u#i!i'$ $gu$ on re$#i)o% u,io%+ oo %u!$#o e $onio . io%8 PIQUELADO L$ o&er$i(n e &iue!$o+ on%i%#e en !$ $iu!$i(n e !$% &ie!e%+ on e! o"/e#o e e)i#$r e! in$ien#o . "u%$r !$ i/$i(n e !$% %$!e% e roo en#re !$% *!u!$% e !$ &ie!8

En !o% &roe%o% $n#erioren#e e%ri#o%+ %e gener$n gr$ne% $n#i$ e e!uen#e% on#$in$n#e%+ e%#o &or e! eo e ue %e e&!e$n &rou#o% u,io% u. &er/uii$!e% &$r$ !$ %$!u u$n$8 En #oo e! &roe%o e ur#io %e u#i!i'$n $!reeor e 185 e#ro% "io% e $gu$+ !o% ue !uego %on e%e$o% . on#ienen &rou#o% u,io%+ #$!e% oo: %u!$#o e $onio+ "i%u!i#o e %oio+ en'i!on+ %$! inu%#ri$!+ e%engr$%$n#e+ $io (rio+ roo . roeno8 Con!uio e%#e &roe%o+ %e e/$ ue !$ &ie! $ig$ e! "o#$! #$! oo !uego e! &roe%o e &e!$"re &$r$ re$!i'$r e! or#$o e !$ &ie! &or !$ i#$+ o"#enieno $%, o% $n#$% &or uero8 E%#e &roe%o %e re$!i'$ $nu$!en#e+ un o&er$rio or#$ !$ &ie! &or !$ i#$ e&!e$no un ui!!o8

1818<8 ESCURRIDO De%&u*% e! ur#io+ %e re$!i'$ un &ren%$o e! uero !!$$o e%urrio+ &$r$ re#ir$r gr$n &$r#e !$ ue$ . e ier#$ $ner$ e%#ir$r !$% &$r#e% $rrug$$%+ &rini&$!en#e %e "u%$ reuir %u ue$8 %#e &roe%o %e !!e)$ $ $"o en un$ $uin$ e%urrior$+ !$ u$! %(!o reuiere e un o&er$rio &$r$ %er o&er$$8

1818=8 REBAJADO Lo% uero% %e r$%&$n . %e re"$/$n e gro%or en un$ uin$ re"$/$or$ ue nee%i#$ e un o&er$rio &$r$ %er o&er$$8 E%#e &roeiien#o !e $ $! uero un e%&e%or uniore en !$ ei$ e%e$$ &or e! !ien#e8 E#$&$ en !$ ue %e gener$n gr$ne% re%iuo% e )iru#$ e"io $! re"$/$o e !$% &ie!e%8


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1818>8 RE? CURTIDO E! ur#io $! #$nino &roue un uero % i! e %er &ren%$o8 Por e%#$ r$'(n+ u$% )ee%+ e! uero ur#io $! roo+ enoin$o Qe#"!ue+ rei"e un %eguno ur#iien#o re?ur#io+ e! u$! &uee %er $! roo o $! #$nino )ege#$! o %in#*#io8 Cu$no e%#e %eguno ur#io e% re$!i'$o %e "u%$ $r!e un o!or "$%e $ !$% $n#$% e uero+ e&enieno e! o!or e%e$o &or e! !ien#e8 %#e &roe%o %e !!e)$ $ $"o en !o% "o#$!e% e! #i&o + #iene un$ ur$i(n $&roHi$$ e %ei% $ %ie#e or$% . un on%uo $&roHi$o e un e#ro "io e $gu$8 Au, #$"i*n %e gener$n e!uen#e% on#$in$n#e%+ en#re !o% &rou#o% u,io% ue %e e&!e$n+ #eneo%: roo+ ori$#o+ $r,!io%+ $!ero%+ reur#ien#e% )ege#$!e%+ $ei#e% %in#*#io%+ $io (rio . $ni!in$%8

1.. ETAPA DE PRE! ACABADO 187818 DES2ENADO Proe%o ue on%i%#e en e!iin$r !$% )en$% e! $ni$!8 E! uero e% #r$#$o on un$ uin$ enoin$$ e%)en$or$+ en !$ u$! %e in#roue un$ $n#$ &or un eH#reo . %$!e &or e! o#ro8 Nee%i#$ %er o&er$$ &or un o&er$rio8

187878 SECADO AL 2ACIO E%#$ o&er$i(n #iene oo in$!i$ %e$r % r&io !$% $n#$%+ &$%o e%eni$! en e! $%o e uero% e $!i$+ &$r$ !o u$! %e e&!e$ un$ uin$ e )$,o8 %#$ e% un$ uin$ e gr$n #$$Ko en !$ u$! %e o!o$n )$ri$% $n#$% e uero en %u %u&eriie &$r$ !uego %er %e$$% &or un$ &!$n$ $!ien#e ue %e o!o$ eni$8 Tiene u$ %ee/$n'$ $! &roe%o e &!$n$o e un$ &ren$ e )e%#ir8 Si !$ #e&er$#ur$ %o!o &rou/e%e e! ee#o e e)$&or$r e! $gu$ e! uero+ !$ o&er$i(n e! %e$o %er,$ u. %i&!e &ue% "$%#$r,$ on on#ro!$r !$ #e&er$#ur$ on un #er(e#ro . e%#$r,$o% %e$no orre#$en#e8 Pero %$"eo% ue e! uero e% e! re%u!#$o e! en#re!$'$ien#o e i!!$re% e gru&o% e i"r$% ue #$n#o en %u in#erior oo en e! eH#erior #ienen $gu$ &or !o #$n#o e% i! i$gin$r ue $!go ir $ ourrir u$no e)$&oreo% e! $gu$8 $ E)$&or$no e! $gu$ %u&erii$! %e %ueer un$ $oo$i(n en !o% gru&o% e i"r$% en e! e%&$io e/$o &or e! $gu$8 " E)$&or$no e! $gu$ e !o% $&i!$re% ourrir un$ re#r$i(n i"ri!$r re%u!#$no un uero r,gio en ier#$% re$%8 Cu$no oien'$n $ %urgir or$% e re#r$i(n en e! uero .$ e%# re!$#i)$en#e %eo 70 e ue$8 No uiere eir ue $n#e% e e%e )$!or no ourr$ IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

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re#r$i(n+ $&en$% $ &$r#ir e $, e!!$ e% % in#en%$8 E%#o %e eH&!i$ &or e! eo e ue &$r$ re#ir$r $gu$ e !o% $&i!$re% nee%i#$o% e gr$ne% $n#i$e% e $!or8 De $uero on Freuen"erg en e! %e$o e! uero "oH $! &or e/e&!o+ $ ;0°C . ;0 e ue$+ !$ ue$ in$! %er e! 15 . !$ re#r$i(n e! uero 138 L$ #e&er$#ur$ e !$ %u&eriie inii$!en#e %u"i( r&i$en#e $ 3>°C en #$n#o &er$nei( on%#$n#e &or un$ or$ $n#e% e %u"ir nue)$en#e8 Cu$no ue %e$o $ ;0°C . 70 e ue$+ !$ ue$ in$! er$ e ;+5 . !$ re#r$i(n e! uero ue e! 1>8 Dur$n#e !$ o&er$i(n e %e$o !$ #e&er$#ur$ e! uero ue on%#$n#e $ =°C &or un$ or$ . %u"i( r&i$en#e8 L$ re#r$i(n e! uero &$r( u$no !$ ue$ ue e 7;?7<8

18788 SECADO AL AMBIENTE Luego e! %e$o $! )$,o %e &roee $ o!g$r !$% $n#$% en uno% #en$!e% &$reio $! &roe%o e o!g$r ro&$+ .$ ue reuieren e un$ %e$o % &rouno &ue%#o ue en e! $n#erior &roe%o no %e !ogr$ %e$r!$% &or o&!e#o8 De&enieno e! gr$o e ue$ on e! ue uen#$n !$% $n#$% . on e! #i&o e !i$ ue %e #iene en e! $"ien#e+ e%#e &roe%o &uee ur$r en#re o% $ u$#ro ,$%8 Un$ )e' on!uio e%#o+ %e &roee $ e%o!g$r !$% $n#$% . o!o$r!$% en e! &i%o &$r$ ue #eng$n un %e$o &or o&!e#o+ *%#$ !#i$ e#$&$ eor$ en &roeio un &$r e or$% o $ !o uo un ,$8 Ae% e! %e$o $! )$,o . e! %e$o $! $"ien#e e! u$! )ereo% $ on#inu$i(n eHi%#e #$"i*n: e! %e$o &$%#ing . e! #ogg!ing8 En %e$o &$%#ing on%i%#e en %e$r !o% uero% $erio% $ un$ &!$$ on !$ $&!i$i(n e $!or . $ire $ #r$)*% e %u &$%o &or un #ne!8 E! #ogg!ing e% e! o!g$o e !o% uero% en $ro% e#!io% e $&$ &eror$$ on g$no% e%&ei$!e%+ e! %e$o e% on#ro!$o8 En !$ e&re%$ no %e u#i!i'$n e%#o% *#oo%8

187838 ABLANDADO Proe%o ue on%i%#e en ro&er eni$en#e !$ $e%i(n en#re !$% i"r$% oniri*no!e $! uero !eHi"i!i$8 E% eir %u$)i'$r!$% . &roo)er !$ $i(n !u"ri$n#e e !o% $ei#e% e engr$%e+ in%#$!$o% &re)i$en#e en !$ e%#ru#ur$ i"ro%$+ &$r$ #ener un$ $.or $i!i$ $! oen#o e $r!e un$ $$"$o in$!+ &ue% oo %e e/( ue %e$ %e$o $! $"ien#e+ !$% $n#$% #ienen $ &re%en#$r un$ $.or rigie' . ure'$8 %#e &roe%o %e !!e)$ $ $"o en un$ $uin$ enoin$$ Mo!!i%$8 En e%#$ uin$ e! uero $ $"!$n$r %e &$%$ &or &!$$% ue on#ienen &ino% e%enon#r$o%8 L$% &!$$% #ienen o)iien#o )i"r$#orio )er#i$!+ $ieno ue !o% &ino% ineriore% &ene#ren en#re !o% &ino% e !$% &!$$% %u&eriore%8 E%#$ reuiere e o% o&er$rio%+ &ue% uno in#roue !$ $n#$ &or un eH#reo . e! o#ro !$ rei"e &or e! !$o &o%#erior e !$ uin$8


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187858 LIJADO L$% $n#$% e"en !i/$r%e &$r$ orregir !o% ee#o% e)en#u$!e% . $%, e/or$r !$ %u&eriie e! uero+ e&!e$no un$ $uin$ !i/$or$8 C$"e re%$!#$r ue e%#e &roe%o gener$ uo &o!)o+ !o u$! e% un &oo rie%go%o &$r$ !$ %$!u e! o&er$rio ue !o re$!i'$8 %#$ !$"or %e !!e)$ $ $"o en un re$ e 1= 7+ en !$ u$! %e enuen#r$n o% uin$% !i/$or$%+ un$ e%e&o!)$or$ . un eH#r$#or e $ire8 Un o&er$rio e% nee%$rio &$r$ e%#e &roe%o8

1878;8 DESEMPOL2ADO Luego e on!uir e! &roe%o $n#e% e%ri#o+ %e &roee $ e%e&o!)$r !$% $n#$% o re#ir$r e! &o!)o gener$o+ on !o u$! %e "u%$ #ener un$ $.or !i&ie'$ en %u %u&eriie8 E%#e &roe%o %e re$!i'$ en un$ uin$ e%e&o!)$or$+ e% o&er$$ &or un %o!o o&er$rio+ e! u$! in#roue !$ $n#$ en !$ uin$ . e%# .$ %$!e #o#$!en#e e%e&o!)$$8

1.". ETAPA DE ACABADO En e%#$ e#$&$ e% en !$ u$! %e !e $ $! uero %u o!or in$!+ e&enieno e !o% reueriien#o% e !o% !ien#e%8 Ae% e &oer!e "rin$r ier#o% re!ie)e% e i%eKo $ %u %u&eriie8 E% i&or#$n#e ini$r ue en uo% e !o% $%o% %e &ueen re&e#ir o $"i$r e! oren e !o% &roe%o% ue %e re$!i'$n+ e%#o e&ene e! #i&o e uero ue %e e%ee o"#ener8 A on#inu$i(n+ %e e#$!!$r !o% &roe%o% &rini&$!e% ue %e $n en e%#$ e#$&$8

18818 PINTADO En e%#e &roe%o %e !e $ e! $$"$o in$! $! uero+ e% eir e! re#oue in$! e! o!or e%e$o8 E! u$! on%i%#e en &in#$r on un$ &i%#o!$ $ &re%i(n !$ %u&eriie8 En $!guno% $%o%+ #$"i*n %e &in#$ u#i!i'$no un$ "ro$ &ero %o!o &or #e$% e i%eKo8 P$r$ !$ i/$i(n e !$ &in#ur$ %e $n !o% %iguien#e% &roe%o%: $ En!$e% e!e#ro%##io% o en!$e% e %$!+ en#re !o% gru&o% $ino !i"re e !$ &ro#e,n$ . !o% gru&o% io %u!rio e !o% o!or$n#e%8 " Puen#e% e ir(geno+ en#re !o% ir(geno% $#i)o% e! o!or$n#e . !o% en#ro% e $!#$ en%i$ e!e#r(ni$ %o"re !$ &ro#e,n$ o en#re !o% ir(geno% $#i)o% e! uero . e! en!$e $'o e! o!or$n#e8  Fuer'$% e )$n er $$!%+ e%#$"!ei$% en#re e! o!or$n#e . !$ &ro#e,n$8  En!$e% o)$!en#e oorin$o% en#re e! o!or$n#e . e! o&!e/o e roo8 IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

1 0

En !$ $#u$!i$+ !$ e&re%$ uen#$ on o% $"in$% e &in#$o en !$ u$! #r$"$/$n $!reeor e u$#ro o&er$rio%+ .$ ue ien#r$% o% e%#n &in#$no !o% o#ro% o% re#ir$n !$% $n#$% &in#$$% . &roeen $ o!g$r!$% en un #en$! &$r$ ue &ue$n %e$r8 EHi%#e #$"i*n un$ uin$ enoin$$ ro!!er+ !$ u$! re$!i'$$ un &in#$o on#ino+ %e in#roue e! uero &or un eH#reo . %$!e .$ &in#$o &or e! o#ro+ *%#$ uin$ %e u#i!i'$ u$no %e #iene u$ &roui(n o %e e%e$ $#ener % r&io !o% &eio%8

18878 PLANC-ADO Proe%o en e! u$! %e !e $ un$ i®n$i(n in$! $ !$ %u&eriie e! uero on !$ in$!i$ e o"#ener un$ $.or uniori$ e! &rou#o in$!8 E% $u,+ one %e !e &uee $r un i%eKo &$r#iu!$r $ !$ %u&eriie e! uero+ $e% e &oer!e "rin$r un $.or "ri!!o8 E! &roe%o %e re$!i'$ e&!e$no un$ $uin$ !!$$$ P!$n$+ !$ u$! on $.u$ e &!$$% e e#$!+ !e i®n$ un ee#o $ !$ %u&eriie8 Se reuiere e o% o&er$rio% &$r$ &oer re$!i'$r e%#$ $#i)i$8

1888 MEDICI9N En e%#e &roe%o %e ie e! re$ on e! ue uen#$ $$ $n#$+ !$ uni$ e eii(n e% e! &ie u$r$o8 E%#e &roe%o %e re$!i'$ on !$ $.u$ e un$ uin$ eior$8 E%#e &roe%o #$"i*n %e &uee re$!i'$r e un$ $ner$ $nu$!+ &ero on eno% &rei%i(n8

IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC 11

. BALANCE DE MATERIA EN EL PROCESO DE OBTENCION DEL CUERO L$ &$r#e e%eni$! e u$!uier $ui#or,$ e re%iuo% ur#ie"re e%# e)$!u$no !$ ei$i$ e !$% eHi%#en#e% o&er$ione% !!e)$$% $ $"o ur$n#e e! &roe%o e $"ri$i(n e uero8 Por !o gener$!+ e! &er%on$! e ur#ie"re% #ienen un$ "uen$ ie$ e+ . ir$% re!$#i)$en#e &rei%o% %o"re+ !o% re%iuo% &roeen#e% e o&er$ione% e%&e,i$%+ oo e%$rn$o+ i)iir+ reor#$r o ur#io $! roo8 S(!o en r$r$% o$%ione%+ %in e"$rgo+ #ienen un$ )i%i(n $eu$$ e #o$ !$ g$$ e !o% re%iuo% gener$o%8 Por !o #$n#o+ $! on%ier$r i)er%$% #eno!og,$% eno% on#$in$n#e% o %i%#e$% e #r$#$ien#o e re%iuo%+ #enieno $e%o $ un (&u#o #o#$! e! "$!$ne e $%$% en gener$!+ %in u$ $e ue %e$ % i! &$r$ un ur#ior enren#$ ei%ione% i,i!e%8 E! i!ogo on !$% $u#ori$e% $"ien#$!e% e% #$"i*n % %eni!!o %i #$!e% ir$% %on i!en#e i%&oni"!e%8

RIVERA BASE: PESO DE LA SAL+ 1000 g 150 - ₂O Pre ? reo/o 0815 Ten%o$#i)o 150 - ₂O Reo/o &rini&$! 0815 Ten%o$#i)o 700 - ₂O 7850 N$₂S ;0 Pe!$"re 1850 N$-S <0 3 C$O-₂ 00 - ₂O

185  185 g 185  185 g 7  15 g %eo 10 g %eo 30 g  

L$)$o De%$rn$o+ reor#e L$)$o 300 - ₂O 3 BASE: PESO DE LA PIEL+ 1100 g %in i)iir 700 - ₂O 7  7850 %$!e% e $onio 7< g De%en$!$o+ "$#ing 08=0 io% *"i!e% > g 0850 &rou#o% en'i#io% 5 g L$)$o 00 - ₂O   BASE: PESO DE LA PIEL+ <50 g $n#e% !i$o+ %in &e!o . i)iio  700 - ₂O 185  De%en$!$o+ "$#ing 7800 %$!e% e $onio 15 g 0830 &rou#o% en'i#io%  g IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

1 7

00 - ₂O 787  BASE: PESO DE LA PIEL+ 1>5 g $n#e% !i$o . i)iio 700 - ₂O 083  De%en$!$o+ "$#ing 1 %$!e% e $onio 7 g 0870 &rou#o% en'i#io% 083 g L$)$o 00 - ₂O 08;  CURTIDO BASE: PESO DE LA PIEL+ 1100 g %in i)iir 50 - ₂O 0855  Piue!$o 5 N$C! 55 g 1 io% 11 g <0 - ₂O 08<5  Su!$#o "%io e = == g Cur#io roo75 Cr ₂O₃) Agen#e B%io N$₂CO₃ 08<0 = g o MgO E%urrio+ i)iio+ reor#$o+ re"$/$o DESPUES DEL CURTDO #$% &'() ! G(*+ L$*%-$( BASE: PIEL REBAJADA PESO 7;7 g L$)$o 300 - ₂O 1  700 - ₂O 085  Neu#r$!i'$i(n 1850 N$-CO₃ 3 g 1850 -COON$ 3 g L$)$o 300 - ₂O 1  L$)$o

100 - ₂O 5 Reur#io+ #eKio+ engr$%e

Su!$#o "%io e roo75 Cr ₂O₃  T$nino% orgnio%

10 <5 oo e! io = 7 1850 ;00

g!io engr$%$n#e <0 o!or$n#e% <5 io% - ₂O

L$)$o Se$o $! )$,o DESPUES DEL CURTIDO #$% &'()  /+0+/+/' BASE: PIEL REBAJADA+ == g L$)$o 300 - ₂O 700 - ₂O Neu#r$!i'$i(n 1850 N$₂CO₃

08  1 g

70 g 15 g 3 g 3 g 18; 

085  087  18 g


1 

L$)$o

300 - ₂O

085 

100 - ₂O

081 

T$nino% orgnio% Reur#io+ #eKio+engr$%e

= <5 oo e! io

58 g

g!io engr$%$n#e <0 o!or$n#e% <5 io% - ₂O

;87 g 18 g 18 g 085 

10 7 1850 ;00

L$)$o Se$o $! )$,o ACABADO: E! "$!$ne e $%$ &or e! $$"$o $ %io $!u!$o en "$%e $! re$ e uero+ !$ o&o%ii(n e! reu"riien#o $&!i$$ e%#$ eH&re%$$ oo %u%#$ni$ %e$ * C2$(' * 34'( /$ 5+$4 67(28%, 4+9$(*:$%$ 7'(($9+/', 1;1 : I®n$i(n reu"riien#o e or#in$ 750 gV W + on#enio e So"re e! A&!i$o $#eri$ %e$ $! 10 uero A$"$o 580 g ?????? So!io 85 g 85 g Reu"riien#o "$%e roi!!o e in)er%i(n: 1 H 100 gV² + on#enio &eri$ $! 15 e $#eri$ %e$ $! 75 1 H =0 gVW+ on#enio e &eri$ $! 15 $#eri$ %e$ $! 75 $$"$o 7580 g ??????? %o!io ;85 g 585 g Roi$o %u&erior $%&er%or ro#$#i)o: 100 gVW+ on#enio e &eri$ $! ??????? $#eri$ %e$ $! ; 30 $$"$o 1380 g ??????? %o!io% 08> g 085 g < C2$(' /+0+/+/' 67(28% =1 :> Reu"riien#o "$%e roi!!o e in)er%i(n: 1 H 750 gVW+ on#enio e &eri$ $! 15 ? $#eri$ %e$ $! 10 1 H =0 gVW+ on#enio e &eri$ $! 15 ? $#eri$ %e$ $! 10 $$"$o 7080 g ? %o!io% 780 g 18< g ²


1 3

Roi$o %u&erior $%&er%or ro#$#i)o: 100 gVW+ on#enio e $#eri$ %e$ $! 70 A$"$o So!io%

&eri$ $! 30 ;80 g 180 g

? ? 08; g

T*<4* N? 1 B*4*7$ /$ :*%$(+*4$8 $ $4 5('7$8' /$ 72(%+$:<($


1 5

S,n#e%i% e !o% &roe%o% re$!i'$o%:


1 ;

". IMPACTO DE LA PRODUCCION DE CUERO EN EL AMBIENTE L$ inu%#ri$ ur#ior$+ &roue uero $ &$r#ir e !$ &ie! . oo on%eueni$ ire#$ e e!!o gener$ un$ )$rie$ e e%eo%8 E% on%ier$$ un$ e !$% % on#$in$n#e%8 Por !o #$n#o un$ e !$% &reou&$ione% un$en#$!e% re%ie en i%inuir !$ on#$in$i(n re%iu$!8 En gener$!+ !$% inu%#ri$% % $e!$n#$$% #eno!(gi$en#e en e! uno+ iereni$n o i)ien !o% &roe%o% un$en#$!e% o ini%&en%$"!e% &$r$ e! #r$#$ien#o e !o% e%eo% e !$ ur#ie"re e !$ %iguien#e or$: •

Reor#e% e !$ $#eri$ &ri$ &ie!e%?uero% Gener$i(n e &riero% %(!io%

•

De%$rn$o #rin$o e%engr$%$o

•

L,uio% e !$)$o e &ie!e% re%$%+ %$!$$%+ %e$%

•

Agu$% e Reo/o+ $ )ee%

•

Cur#ii(n

•

Reur#ii(n+ neu#r$!i'$i(n+ #eKio+ engr$%e

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81878 RESIDUOS S9LIDOS •

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&o#$"!e8 COLOR: &ro)enien#e e !o% #$nino% . #in#e%+ &er/ui$ !$ $#i)i$ o#o%in#*#i$ e !$% &!$n#$% $u#i$% . &ro)o$ %u uer#e8 SOLIDOS SEDIMENTABLES: o$%ion$n !$ or$i(n e "$no% e !oo% ue &rouen o!ore% e%$gr$$"!e%8

87878 EFECTOS SOBRE EL ALCANTARILLADO Y PLANTAS DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES Lo% e!uen#e% ruo% e ur#ie"re%+ !$n'$o% $ un$ re e $!$n#$ri!!$o+ &ro)o$n inru%#$ione% e $r"on$#o e $!io . gr$n e&o%ii(n e %(!io% en !$% #u"er,$%8 L$ &re%eni$ e %u!uro% . %u!$#o% #$"i*n $e!er$n e! e#erioro e $#eri$!e% e onre#o o een#o8 Si !$ $rg$ on#$in$n#e &re%en#$ %u%#$ni$% #oHi$% oo e! roo+ . e% !$n'$$ $ un$ &!$n#$ e #r$#$ien#o+ &uee in#ererir on e! &roe%o "io!(gio e !$ &!$n#$8 En !ug$re% one no eHi%#en &!$n#$% e #r$#$ien#o+ e%#o% on#$in$n#e% $e#$n !$ $!i$ e! uer&o ree&#or $u%$no %u e#erioro8

8788 EFECTOS SOBRE EL SUELO E! %ue!o #iene ier#$ $&$i$ &$r$ neu#r$!i'$r !$ $rg$ on#$in$n#e rei"i$8 Con%euen#een#e+ !$ e%$rg$ e un e!uen#e #r$#$o &uee %er "eneiio%$ &$r$ !$ irrig$i(n e un #erreno $gr,o!$8 Sin e"$rgo+ !o% ni)e!e% e on#$in$i(n e"en %er ui$o%$en#e on#ro!$o% &$r$ e)i#$r e! $Ko e IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

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!$ e%#ru#ur$ e! %ue!o+ . !$ on%euen#e i%inui(n e !$ &roui(n $gr,o!$ . $e!er$i(n e !$ ero%i(n8 Por o#r$ &$r#e+ e"e #o$r%e en uen#$ ue !$ reu&er$i(n e un #erreno e#erior$o e$n$ un &erioo !$rgo #ie&o8 E! %ue!o $!reeor e e%#$% inu%#ri$% . e !o% %i%#e$% e #r$#$ien#o e %u% e!uen#e%+ $%, oo e! e !$% re$% e $!$en$ien#o . i%&o%ii(n e %u% re%iuo%+ e%# eH&ue%#o $ e#erior$r%e %i no %e #o$n ei$% &re)en#i)$%8 De igu$! $ner$+ &or,$ in#ererir en u#uro% u%o% e! i%o . on#ri"uir $ !$ on#$in$i(n e ur%o% e $gu$ er$no%8

87838 EFECTOS SOBRE LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE L$ e%o&o%ii(n e !$ $#eri$ orgni$+ $%, oo !$ ei%i(n e %u!uro e !$% $gu$% re%iu$!e% $u%$n e! $r$#er,%#io $! o!or e un$ ur#ie"re8 E% $%, ue !$ !o$!i'$i(n e e%#e #i&o e inu%#ri$ e% o#i)o e on#ro)er%i$% en uo% &$,%e%+ e $, ue %e !e% e"$ e%#in$r re$% e%&e,i$%8 Sin e"$rgo+ en A*ri$ L$#in$+ !$% ur#ie"re% e%#n !o$!i'$$% en 'on$% ur"$n$% . &or,$ eir%e ue $ or#o &!$'o no %e )i%!u"r$n &o%i"i!i$e% e %o!ui(n &$r$ e%#e &ro"!e$8 L$% ei%ione% e %u!uro &ro)enien#e% e! &e!$"re . e !$% $gu$% re%iu$!e% !$% ei%ione% e $on,$o . )$&ore% e %o!)en#e% ue &ro)ienen e! e%en$!$o . e !$ e#$&$ e $$"$o $%, oo !$% $rn$'$% . gr$%$% e! e%$rne+ %on uen#e% i&or#$n#e% e &roui(n e o!ore% ue &or,$n e!iin$r%e ei$n#e un "uen on#ro! e !$% o&er$ione% e !$ inu%#ri$8

PARAMETRO - 7 S N-  SO7 Aio (rio Po!)o Tri!oro e#i!eno To!ueno Me#i!e#on$ I%o&ro&$no! e#i!$e#$#o

VALOR O RANGO 0?15 && 0?1= && 0?15 && 0?< && 0?= gV 0?<= && 0?75 && 0?7< && 0?1=5&& 0?300 &&

T*<4* N?  V*4'($8 +/+7*%+0'8 /$ 7*4+/*/ /$ *+($ $ $4 429*( /$ %(*<*' '<%$+/' /$ 72(%+$:<($8 7' /+3$($%$ %$7'4'9@* /$ 5('/277+  0*(+$/*/ /$ 5+$4$8.


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".". EL IMPACTO SOBRE LA SALUD E! rie%go &$r$ !$ %$!u %e &re%en#$ &or un e%ui$o $ne/o e !o% in%uo% u,io% ue %e e&!e$n en e! &roe%o e &roui(n e uero% $%, oo un$ in$eu$$ i%&o%ii(n e !o% re%iuo% $! in#erior . uer$ e !$ &!$n#$ inu%#ri$!8 Lo% re%iuo% %(!io% e !$% ur#ie"re% &ueen $u%$r &ro"!e$% ue re&re%en#$n ee#o% neg$#i)o% %o"re e! $"ien#e8 L$ i%&o%ii(n e !o% re%iuo% !,uio% . %(!io%+ $%, oo !$% ei%ione% g$%eo%$% %o"re uer&o% e $gu$+ %ue!o . $ire egr$$n !$ $!i$ e e%#o% !#io% o$%ion$no $Ko% $"ien#$!e% u$% )ee% irre)er%i"!e8 T$"i*n %on onoio% %u% ee#o% %o"re !$ %$!u e !$% &er%on$%+ &or on#$#o ire#o on !o% in%uo% u,io% u#i!i'$o% en e! &roe%o &rou#i)o . &or on#$#o on !o% re%iuo% &e!igro%o% ue %e gener$n8 Lo% e!uen#e% ue on#ienen $!#$ $rg$ orgni$+ %u!uro . roo+ ereen e%&ei$! $#eni(n en u$n#o $ !$ i%inui(n e %u )o!uen . $rg$ on#$in$n#e8 L$ &o%i"i!i$ e $&!i$r un &rogr$$ e inii'$i(n en ur#ie"re% %e reiere $ e%e #i&o e re%iuo%8

E3$7%'8 8'<($ 4* 8*42/ /$ 4'8 %(*<**/'($8 E! rie%go e $ien#e% &or err$e% e in%uo% u,io% e&!e$o% en e! &roe%o &rou#i)o . ue &ueen $u%$r $Ko $ !$ %$!u e !o% #r$"$/$ore%+ e$n$ un e%&ei$! ui$o en e! #r$n%&or#e+ $!$en$ien#o . $ni&u!$i(n e e%#o% &rou#o%8 E! %u!uro e %oio+ !$% %$!e% e roo+ !$% "$%e% o !$!i%+ !o% io%+ $%, oo !o% %o!)en#e% . &e%#ii$%+ %on $!guno% e !o% in%uo% ue reuieren un $ne/o ui$o%o &orue &ueen $u%$r in#oHi$ione% o $ien#e% $ !o% e&!e$o% eH&ue%#o% $ e!!o%8 E! "uen $ne/o e !o% in%uo% u,io% $! in#erior e !$ inu%#ri$ e"e or$r &$r#e e un &rogr$$ e on#ro! e !$ &roui(n inu%#ri$!8 T$"i*n eHi%#e e! rie%go ue $!guno% re%iuo% e !$ inu%#ri$ %e$n noi)o% &$r$ !$ %$!u e !o% #r$"$/$ore%+ #$! e% e! $%o e $ue!!o% ue on#ienen %u!uro8 Po#eni$!e% or$ore% e g$% %u!,rio ue u$% )ee% $ &ro)o$o e%$.o% . $ien#e% $#$!e% ur$n#e !$ !i&ie'$ e $n$!e#$% . #$nue% reo!e#ore% e e!uen#e%8 Lo% re%iuo% ue on#ienen roo+ &rini&$!en#e e! &o!)i!!o e uero &rouio ur$n#e !$ o&er$i(n e ro#$i(n e! "o#$! o %u$)i'$o e! uero+ #ienen ee#o% $ner,geno%8 Fin$!en#e+ !o% g$%e% o )$&ore% e %o!)en#e% e !$ e#$&$ e $$"$o %on #$"i*n noi)o% &$r$ !$ %$!u8


7 

;. MEDIDAS PARA CONTRAARRESTAR EL IMPACTO Un enoue oerno on%i%#e en $go#$r !$% &o%i"i!i$e% e reui(n e !$ on#$in$i(n en origen+ e%&ei$!en#e e! on%uo e $gu$+ &$r$ !uego i%eK$r $ o%#o% enore%8 Lo% &ro"!e$% e !$ on#$in$i(n ir$o% $! in#erior e !$ e&re%$ &ueen enon#r$r %o!uione%+ no #$n %o!o "$/o un e%ue$ e reu%o o rei!$/e e re%iuo%+ %ino #$"i*n on%ier$no $!#ern$#i)$% e &re)eni(n . inii'$i(n e !o% e%eo%8 En e%#e %en#io+ !o% &rou#o%+ &roe%o%+ in%uo% . re%iuo% e"en $n$!i'$r%e ui$o%$en#e8 L$ ie$ e% inii'$r+ o e/or $n+ e)i#$r !$ gener$i(n e re%iuo% e/or$no o $"i$no &roe%o% &roeiien#o%+ #eno!og,$% . !$ ge%#i(n8 E! o"/e#i)o &er%eguio &or e! greio e ur#ii(n e% $&roHi$r%e &or !$ ),$ e !$% #*ni$% e &re)eni(n e !$ on#$in$i(n $ !$ nor$ Dere#o N°;0> ue E%#$"!ee Nor$ e Ei%i(n &$r$ !$ regu!$i(n e on#$in$n#e% $%oi$o% $ !$% e%$rg$% e re%iuo% inu%#ri$!e% !,uio% $ %i%#e$% e $!$n#$ri!!$o . !ogr$r e! u&!iien#o En e%#e on#eH#o+ e! ru"ro e !$% ur#ie"re% &re%en#$ $&!i$% &o%i"i!i$e% e reuir %u% &ro"!e$% e on#$in$i(n8 E%#$% $!#ern$#i)$% %e &ueen i)iir en: IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

7 3

18? Con#ro! e &roe%o+ eiieni$ . &re)eni(n 78? Po%i"i!i$e% e &roui(n % $)$n'$$ . !i&i$ . rei!$/e8 8? Po%i"i!i$e% e inii'$i(n+ reu%o+ reiru!$i(n+ reu&er$i(n

;.1. BAOS CORTOS Se en#iene &or X"$Ko or#oX un "$Ko e "$/o )o!uen e $gu$+ no #enieno e%#e one&#o re!$i(n on !$ ur$i(n e! "$Ko8 De !$ !e. ,%io?u,i$+ onoi$ oo !e. e Fi+ %e e%&rene ue &$r$ $e!er$r !$% &ene#r$ione% e !o% &rou#o% en %o!uione%+ $. ue $uen#$r !$ onen#r$i(n e e!!$%8 P$r$ on%eguir e%#o+ !o e/or e% $or#$r !o% "$Ko%8 Con e!!o %e !ogr$: 18? Di%inuir e! &rou#o e%e$o en e! $gu$8 78? Reuir !$ oer#$ e &rou#o% en $!guno% $%o%8 8? E!e)$r !$ #e&er$#ur$ e! "$Ko8 Coo on#r$&$r#e+ !o% "$Ko% or#o%+ i&!i$n un inreen#o e !$ $i(n eni$+ !o ue reuiere un$ $.or &o#eni$ e o#or . $e%+ &uee gener$r $"r$%ione% en !$ !or e! uero8

;.. DESULFURACIÓN DE PELAMBRES Y CALEROS P$r$ on%eguir un$ $eu$$ e%u!ur$i(n e &e!$"re% . $!ero% eHi%#en )$rio% &roeiien#o%: 18?L!e)$r !o% "$Ko% e &e!$"re+ &or $n$! $&$r#e+ $%#$ un gr$n e&(%i#o e oogenei'$i(n e #o$% !$% $gu$% e !$ "ri$+ &ro)i%#o e *!ie% e $gi#$i(n %uergi$% . iu%ore% e $ire8 78? Reu&er$i(n e! -7S+ on%i%#e en $iii$r+ en $#(%er$ err$$+ !o% "$Ko% e &e!$"re $%#$ un &- ?38 A%,+ %e &rei&i#$n &ro#e,n$% . %e e%&rene -7S g$% ue %e i/$ $i*no!o &$%$r &or un$ %o!ui(n e N$O- en un$ #orre e $"%ori(n8 8? Tr$#$ien#o on !o% g$%e% e o"u%#i(n e !$% $!er$%+ on%i%#e en $er "or"o#e$r !o% g$%e% e o"u%#i(n $ #r$)*% e !o% "$Ko% $!$!ino% ue on#ienen e! %u!uro8 E! CO7 e! g$% neu#r$!i'$ !$ $!$!ini$ . e! SO7 &ro)enien#e e! $'ure e! o"u%#i"!e oHi$ !o% %u!uro%8 38? OHi$i(n $#$!,#i$ on %$!e% e $ng$ne%o+ e% e! %i%#e$ % e&!e$o . on%i%#e en in.e#$r iro"ur"u/$% $! e!uen#e en &re%eni$ e %u!$#o e $ng$ne%o oo $#$!i'$or+ on !o ue %e !ogr$ reuir e! S?7 e 18>00 && $%#$ 08 IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

7 5

;.". EL PROCESO DE CURTICIÓN CON SALES DE CROMO 6III E% $un e! % e&!e$o $! ni)e! uni$! &$r$ e!$"or$r !o% i)er%o% #i&o% e uero ue !o% u%u$rio% reuieren no o"%#$n#e $n#ienen )igeni$ !o% in#en#o% &$r$ e%$rro!!$r #eno!og,$% ue !o ree&!$en #o#$!en#e o iniien !$ &re%eni$ e Cr III en !o% e!uen#e% !,uio% . %(!io% gener$o%8 E%#$ %i#u$i(n+ on/un#$en#e on !$% eHigeni$% e !$% $u#ori$e% %$ni#$ri$% ue on $!guno% $#ie% e un &$,% $ o#ro oniion$n on !,i#e% e%#ri#o% !$ e%$rg$ e Cr III $ i%#in#o% uer&o% ree&#ore%+ /u%#ii$ !o% e%uer'o% ?#$"i*n $! ni)e! uni$!? &$r$ e%$rro!!$r #eno!og,$% orien#$$% $ reuir !$% ei%ione% e Cr III o reu&er$r!o &$r$ rei!$r!o en !$ $"ri$i(n e! uero8 Coo ei$ eH#ern$ e on#ro! e roo en !o% e!uen#e%+ !o % u%$o e% !$ &rei&i#$i(n . &o%#erior rei%o!ui(n e! roo8 E! *#oo %e $&!i$ $ !o% "$Ko% re%iu$!e% reogio% $&$r#e8 Se &rei&i#$ e! roo en or$ e ir(Hio on un !$!i+ %e %e&$r$ e! &rei&i#$o . %e rei%ue!)e on io %u!rio

;.;. TRATAMIENTOS DE RILES Un$ )e' e!iin$o% e! e!uen#e e! %u!uro . roo+ e! ri! re%u!#$n#e #iene $r$#er,%#i$% $%ii!$"!e% $! $gu$ re%iu$! e origen o*%#io+ no %ignii$no e%#o ue !o% &$re#ro% e! ri! e ur#ie"re %e$n %ii!$re% en oren e $gni#u $ !o% e origen oii!i$rio+ %ino ue e"io $ !$ $u%eni$ e #(Hio% &ueen %er #r$#$o% en or$ %ii!$r+ . % $n+ en or$ on/un#$8 -$. gr$n )$rie$ e #r$#$ien#o% ue $"$r$n un $&!io $"$nio e #*ni$%+ e%e !$% e%#ri#$en#e eni$% $%#$ !$% e onui(n e o&!e/$% re$ione% "iou,i$%8 Se $gru&$n en o% &rini&$!e% $&$r#$o%: #r$#$ien#o% i%iou,io% . "io!(gio%

;.. TRATAMIENTOS BIOLÓGICOS Por *#oo% "io!(gio% %e en#ienen !o% "$%$o% en e! en(eno e !$ "ioegr$$"i!i$8 E%#o% *#oo% &ueen einir%e oo $u#oe&ur$ione% in#en%i)$%8 A %i&!e )i%#$+ re%u!#$ %or&renen#e e! ue &ue$ e&ur$r%e $!go on !$ %ie"r$ . u!#i)o in#en%i)o e o!oni$% e iroorg$ni%o% uo% e !o% u$!e% &ueen %er &$#(geno%8 En e! #r$#$ien#o "io!(gio %e e!iin$n !$% $#eri$% orgni$%+ o!oi$!e% i%ue!#$%+ ue %on e! $!ien#o e !o% innuer$"!e% iroorg$ni%o% ue $#$n en &re%eni$ e oH,geno8 E! $r"ono orgnio on#$in$n#e %e #r$n%or$ en &$r#e en CO7 &or re%&ir$i(n e !$% "$#eri$% . o#r$ &$r#e %e e&!e$ oo $!ien#o en e! reiien#o e e%#o% iroorg$ni%o%8 Lo% #r$#$ien#o% "io!(gio% %e %u"i)ien en #re% gru&o%: • •

Loo% $#i)o% Pe!,u!$ "io!(gi$ IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

7 ;

•

L$gun$%8

385818 LODOS ACTI2OS: Aor$ en#ro e !o% #r$#$ien#o% e !oo% $#i)o% %e #iene !o% e !u/o on#inuo . i%on#inuo8 Se ie ue o&er$ $ !u/o on#inuo $ue!!$ in%#$!$i(n ue rei"e . en#reg$ un $u$! on#inuo e $gu$ $ #r$#$r8

P+87+* /$ *+($*7+ * 342' 7'%+2' ' 7*((28$4. Un$ e !$% in%#$!$ione% % u#i!i'$$ e% !$ &i%in$ e $ire$i(n !!$$$ $rru%e!8 E% un e&(%i#o $!$rg$o e &$ree% !$#er$!e% re#$% . &$r$!e!$%+ !$% e !o% !$o% or#o% %on %ei?iru!$re%8 Un$ &$re en#r$!+ ue no $!$n'$ $ !$% &$ree% iru!$re%+ !o i)ie en o% on !o u$! %e &uee e%#$"!eer un irui#o e o)iien#o e! $gu$8

I428%(*7+ 1

T(*%*:+$%' /$ 342' /+87'%+2'. En e&(%i#o% $eu$o% %e &onen en %u%&en%i(n !o% !oo% $#i)o% on un )o!uen e#erin$o e! $gu$ $ #r$#$r8 Sie&re en rei&ien#e onin$o+ . %in $&or#e e $gu$ nue)$+ %e oHigen$ #o$ !$ $%$ $%#$ un$ ige%#i(n r$'on$"!een#e eH#eni$ e !o% on#$in$n#e%8 En e%#e oen#o %e in#erru&e !$ $ire$i(n . oien'$ !$ %eien#$i(n en e! &ro&io e&(%i#o8 Se eH#r$e &or e$n#$i(n e! !,uio %o"ren$$n#e e&ur$o . %e inii$ un nue)o i!o en#ro e! i%o e&(%i#o . on !o% !oo% $n#eriore%8 To$ )e' ue e%#e on#enio e !oo% %e inreen#$+ &eri(i$en#e $. ue &urg$r!o%+ e%&e%$r!o% . %e$r!o%8

385878 PEL@CULA BIOL9GICA O FILTROS PERCOLADORES Con%i%#en en un e&$ue#$ien#o en or$ e #orre o e o!un$ e $#eri$!e% ue e/$n $&!io% e%&$io% )$,o% . !i"re% &$r$ !$ $,$ en $%$$ o go#eo e! !,uio $ e&ur$r8 E%#e !,uio no !!en$ !$ #orre . %(!o re%"$!$ &or !o% $#eri$!e% e re!!eno on !o u$! e! $ire e%# en on#$#o &er$nen#e on e! on/un#o8 IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA INDUSTRIA DEL CUERO ? UNJFSC

7 <

I428%(*7+ 

E! )er#io ue $e . %e e%urre &or !$% %u&eriie% e re!!eno+ )$ re$no %o"re e!!$% un$ &e!,u!$ e "io$%$ $ero"i$ ue igiere !$ on#$in$i(n i%ue!#$8 Luego+ %e in#u.e ue !!$$r i!#ro% $ e%#o% i%&o%i#i)o% &$ree %ugerir ue %u i%i(n %e$ !$ e %e&$r$r %(!io% e un !,uio8

38588 LAGUNAS BIOL9GICAS Cu$no %e i%&one e gr$ne% re$% e #erreno $ "$/o o%#o+ en 'on$% $ire$$% . on un$ )ein$ %uiien#een#e !e/$n$+ e! #r$#$ien#o e !$% $gu$% re%iu$!e% &or !$gun$/e i&!i$ un e%$%o on%uo energ*#io . reuio $n#eniien#o8 -$. #re% o$!i$e% un$en#$!e% e !$gun$%: $ire$$%+ $u!#$#i)$% . "$!%$% e e%#$"i!i'$i(n Lo% #ie&o% e re#eni(n en !o% %i%#e$% e !$gun$/e %on %ie&re $!#o%+ $!$n'$no )$rio% e%e% en !$% "$!%$% e e%#$"i!i'$i(n8 En %u ni)e! %u&erior %e e%$rro!!$n &roe%o% $er("io% en !$% $&$% &roun$%8 En !o% #r$#$ien#o% &or !$gun$/e %e e%#$"!een #re% o % !$gun$% en %erie &$r$ o"#ener un "uen gr$o e e&ur$i(n8


7 =

. CONCLUSIONES •

Luego e! "$!$ne+ ini$ ue %o!o e! 5 e! o!geno %u&erii$! . e! 15  e !o% u,io% )er#io% %on re#enio% en e! uero $$"$o8 E! gr$n re#o e% reuir !$ $gni#u e !o% reur%o%

•

e%&erii$o%+ . e! i&$#o ue e%#o% re%iuo% &ro)o$n8 L$ Inu%#ri$ e! uero o&rene &roe%o% )$ri$o%+ ue en uo% $%o% %on e%onoio% &or !$% &er%on$% en gener$!+ %in #ener en uen#$ e! gr$o e on#$in$i(n ue $u%$ $$

•

&roe%o+ e%&ei$!en#e en !o% &o"!$ore% $!e$Ko% $ !$ 'on$ one e% re$!i'$$ !$ inu%#ri$8 E! uero e% !$ $.or inu%#ri$ e &ie! e! uno+ in!u%o $. gen#e en on#r$ e! u%o e &ie!e% ue u#i!i'$ uero &ue% &ien%$ ue )ienen e )$$% ri$$% &or !$ inu%#ri$ rni$+ &ero %e %$"e ue !$ inu%#ri$ e! uero e% $/en$ $ !$ inu%#ri$ rni$ $e% !$% ur#iur,$% . e! $$"$o e! uero igur$n en#re !$% inu%#ri$% % #(Hi$% e! uno+ $%, ue no e% ier#o ue e! uero e% un &rou#o eo!(gio+ % "ien e% #oo !o on#r$rio8


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Impacto Ambiental de La Industria Del Cuero

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