Indoor Coverage

INDOOR COVERAGE Methods and Procedure for inbuilding design and optimization

Mobile Mobile Radio Networ Networkk Planni Planning ng

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Indoor Coverage 

Contents 1. Objectives of Indoor Coverage  2. Indoor Process  3. Example of Deployment 


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1. Objectives of Indoor Coverage

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1. Objectives of Indoor Coverage Indoor coverage is strongly requested by users. Providing deep indoor coverage generates traffic ..




 Only

solution that can cope with tomorrow needs, in order to offer more and more services to the subscriber : 

IN services



Corporate Corporate GSM

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1. Objectives of Indoor Coverage 

Providing a complete coverage within a building requires dedicated systems: 

To provide a real continuous coverage



To improve the quality of service



To provide the required capacity and relieve the outdoor cells



To take into account the triple challenge: Coverage - Quality - Capacity

Mobile Radio Network Planning

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1. Objectives of Indoor Coverage A compromise has to be found between coverage and interference:









Signal from the indoor cell must be strong enough to guarantee a full coverage of the building (complex 3D environment) and to get rid of interference from the outdoor cells (specially in upper floors) Signal must be limited not to interfere with the outside network

Capacity of the indoor cell can be either centralized or distributed


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1. Objectives of Indoor Coverage 

Quality issue: limitation of the interference 

DL interference generated by the indoor to the outdoor:

signal must be confined as much as possible 

UL interference: MS power must be reduced inside the

building (the indoor MS close to the window may be a strong uplink interferer when located in upper floors)  No modification should be performed on the outdoor Network


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2. Indoor Process


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2. INDOOR PROCESS  

The Indoor methodology is composed of 15 steps This process helps to : 

Plan the different actions



Create the most appropriated design taking into account the best technique-economical approach



Realise a full report concerning the indoor installation 9


2. INDOOR PROCESS               


Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Step 9: Step 10: Step 11: Step 12: Step 13: Step 14: Step 15:

Preparation and Information Gathering Customer Wishes Site Survey Preliminary Design Propagation Measurements Design Approvals Installation Installation Commissioning BTS Commissioning Indoor default parameters Design Commissioning Tuning Performance Tests Final Report

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2. INDOOR PROCESS Steps 1 & 2 

1 - Preparation & information gathering 

Location, shape, floors



Building layout All information on different constraints



Obtain a full description of the building





2 - Customer wishes 



Meeting the customers (building management) on site Asking them about their needs and wishes 


These information help having a better technical approach

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3 - Site survey 

Determine the technical room and cabling access



Performing digital measurement and frequencies scan 



The existing radio coverage and network quality must be known

4 - Preliminary design 





Defining the strategy for propagation tests, antenna needed Taking into account the existing situation and the customer wishes

Rough indoor design and distribution system proposition


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5 - Propagation measurements 

Evaluating the indoor propagation 

Validated antennas position and quantity 

6 - Design 





Taking into account the needed number of antennas Taking into account the installation possibility Taking into account the existing situation and the customer wishes 

Proposed indoor design 13



7 - Approvals 

Validating the proposed design by the customer 



A signed form allowing the start of the installation

8 - Installation 

Installation teams must work under the supervision of Indoor team 

Notice all modifications


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9 - Installation commissioning Validating the installation





Avoid any installation problem and information for the report 

10 - BTS commissioning Necessary operation performed by



the BTS commissioning team

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11 - First configuration of parameters 

Setting the default radio parameters 



They could be adjusted in a case by case study

12 - Design commissioning 

After switching on the BTS, performing air measurement 



Obtain the coverage, quality and interference map Validate the neighbouring list


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13 - Tuning Performing Air and A-bis measurements





Adjustment and validation of C1 & C2, PC, and HO  14 - Performances tests 

Evaluating the cell performance 





Comparison before – after (gain) Leakage to outdoor network Cell statistic


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2. INDOOR PROCESS Step 15 

15 - Final Report Contains a summary of all the steps mentioned Presentation of the indoor cell Presentation of its performances Presentation of the improvement in the network 








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3. Example Of Deployment


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3. Example of Deployment Steps 1 & 2 Output - 1



macro and micro cells near the building



building own by one company



17 floors



each floor occupied by various division


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3. Example of Deployment Steps 1 & 2 Output - 2



typical floor layout, center and two wings



half gypsum partition separates rooms



one main lift



technical room on roof top floor



full coverage to the building, include main lift



strategic floor: 15 floor (management floor)



floor size: (16 x 85) m



capacity: 4 TRX 21


3. Example of Deployment Steps 1 & 2 Output - 3 SITE INFORMATION Site

Information Summary ∇

Name:

___________________

Location:

___________________

Number of floors:

___________________

Layouts of floors :

All

Some

None

Technical Information

Number of BTS:

_____unit(s)

Number of TRX per B TS :

_____

Location of BTS:

_____floors

Access

Restricted Access:

Yes, floors :_____ No

Limit ed Time:

Yes , Tim e : _____ No

Person in charge : Customer:

Building Management:

N am e:

_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Tel :

_ __ __ ___ __ __ __ __ ___

N am e:

_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Tel :

_ __ __ ___ __ __ __ __ ___

Customer Wishes

S t ra te gi c f lo or s:

Y es , fl oo rs : __ __ _ No

Comments: Coverage and quality objectives:


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3. Example of Deployment Step 3 Output - 1 

Technical room and cabling  available space for BTS and Rectifier  available cable tray to reach cable riser  cable riser, straight from 15 th floor down to ground floor



Building material  Walls (concrete, brick)  Partitions (gypsum, plywood)  Ceiling (gypsum, metal false ceiling)  Floors (concrete) 23


3. Example of Deployment Step 3 Output - 2 Coverage Coverage 

Digital measurement to asses the outdoor coverage  performed on lower, medium, and upper floor (ground, 5, 10 and 15 floors)



Observations  poor coverage, especially in deep indoor  bad quality, even sometimes near the windows  interference problems also appears on upper floors Mobile Radio Network Planning

Quality

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3. Example of Deployment Step 3 Output - 3 Scanning the frequency band  performed facing two directions (facing sea side and city side) on lower, medium, and upper floor.  Observations  city side noise floor higher than sea side  maximum BCCH noise floor: 86 dBm  maximum TCH noise floor: 93 dBm 

BCCH TCH

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Two antenna positions will be evaluate (A and B)



Rough indoor evaluation, centralised capacity and balance antenna power:  3 antennas per floor EIRP: 13 dBm (G2 BTS), 51 ant. required  2 antennas per floor EIRP: 15 dBm, 34 ant. required  1 antenna per floor EIRP: 18 dBm, 17 ant. required 

Position B

Position A







Proposal: passive solution, antenna with coaxial cable distribution


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Analogue measurement tool  Radio transmitter, minimum value: 23 dBm (200 mW) 

Radio receiver

 ALCATEL

software, A954W A

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Antenna position A, EIRP:24 dBm



N: well covered, but low coverage might appears at the corner of both wings



N+1,N-1: good coverage only in the corridor area near the lift.

N+1 N N - -1

Coverage visualisation


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N+1

Antenna position B, EIRP:24 dBm 

N: 3/4 floor is well covered, low coverage appears at the other wing



N+1,N-1: good coverage only at first wing

N N - -1

Coverage visualisation


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Design: antenna configuration 2+1 (2 antennas on N floor and 1 antenna on N-1 floor) 

required: 26 antennas Coverage visualisation


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3. Example of Deployment Step 6 Output - 2 P 

15

even

odd

1

Mz. Mz.

Gr.

Installation guide 

location of BTS



cable path from BTS to cable riser



antenna position on each floor



cable path from cable riser to antenna and the distance



even: 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 odd: 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3

Mobile  Radio Network Planning

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Design proposal 

1 BTS 4 TRX



26 Omni antennas



1 splitter 2 ways and 12 splitter 3 ways



1069 m 1/2” RF coaxial cable and 155 m 7/8” RF coaxial cable



78 unit 1/2” N male connector and 6 unit 7/16” N male connector


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3. Example of Deployment Step 6 Output - 4 Floor Antenna Cable Splitter Nbr Position 1/2" (m) 7/8" (m) loss (dB) 2 ways 3 ways loss (dB) P 1 71 35 6.80 1 2 13.0 15 2 46 35 4.92 1 2 13.0 14 1 24.4 35 3.30 3 15.0 1 60.4 35 6.00 3 15.0 13 2 38.4 35 4.35 3 15.0 12 1 31 35 3.80 3 15.0 1 67 35 6.50 3 15.0 11 2 45 35 4.85 3 15.0 10 1 28 77 5.33 3 15.0 1 64 77 8.03 3 15.0 9 2 42 77 6.38 3 15.0 8 1 21.4 77 4.84 3 15.0 1 57.4 77 7.54 3 15.0 7 2 35.4 77 5.89 3 15.0 6 1 28 77 5.33 3 15.0 1 64 77 8.03 3 15.0 5 2 42 77 6.38 3 15.0 4 1 28 113 6.85 3 15.0 1 64 113 9.55 3 15.0 3 2 42 113 7.90 3 15.0 2 1 21.4 113 6.35 3 15.0 1 57.4 113 9.05 3 15.0 1 2 35.4 113 7.40 3 15.0 Mezz 1 64 113 9.55 3 15.0 1 25 113 6.62 3 15.0 Gnd 2 47 113 8.27 3 15.0

Connector unit loss (dB) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Total Antenna EIRP loss (dB) gain (dBi) (dBm)

3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

23.00 21.12 21.50 24.20 22.55 22.00 24.70 23.05 23.53 26.23 24.58 23.04 25.74 24.09 23.53 26.23 24.58 25.05 27.75 26.10 24.55 27.25 25.60 27.75 24.82 26.47

2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

16.21 18.08 17.70 15.00 16.65 17.21 14.51 16.16 15.67 12.97 14.62 16.16 13.46 15.11 15.67 12.97 14.62 14.15 11.45 13.10 14.65 11.95 13.60 11.45 14.38 12.73

LOSS CALCULATION ANTENNA GAIN EIRP 33


3. Example of Deployment Step 7 Output - 1 DESIGN APPROVAL FORM Site N am e:





Presented the design proposal to the customer final site surveys with customer and building management 

confirm the technical room



confirm the antenna positions

_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

L oc a ti on :

_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Number of floors:

___________________

Technical Information N um be r o f B TS :

_ __ __ un it (s )

Number of TRXper BTS:

_____

L oc at io n o f B TS :

_ __ __ fl oo rs

N um be r o f a nt en na s:

_ __ __

N um be r o f s pl it te rs :

_ __ __

To ta l c ab le l en gt hs :

_ __ __

Design reference





confirm the cable tray and cable riser to be used



confirm the civil work required such as drilling access

delivered the design report


Reference:

___________________

Designer name:

___________________

Tel:

___________________

Comments

Approvals ALCATEL

CUSTOMER

BUILDING

Indoor responsible

Indoor re sponsible

Building management

Date:

Date:

Name:

Name:

Date: Name:

Sign:

Sign:

Sign:

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3. Example of Deployment Step 8 Output - 1 7/16 7/8” Jumper 1/2”

1/2”

N



supervise the installation team



note the actual cable length

TypeN

3dB


1/2”

1/2”

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3. Example of Deployment Steps 9 & 10 Output - 1 

measure the level received under the antenna 

use analogue transmitter in place of BTS, adjust the power as used on calculation



use analogue measurements tool



note the difference



visual check the the cable connection to the splitter



Note the availability date of BTS


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3. Example of Deployment Step 11 Output - 1



Cell configuration : Microcell  To stay on the indoor cell when MS inside the building avoid handover toward strong outdoor macrocell able to handover quickly to the indoor cell Selection and Re-selection  Use of C1 and C2 criteria to favour the indoor cell when required Neighbouring List  Ensure all MS can perform HO to the indoor cell  bi-directional relationship, unilateral relationship handover 







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List of radio parameter Cell Description Name CELL_DIMENSION_TYPE

Value Micro

Name CELL_COVERAGE_TYPE

Value Overlaid

Selection and Reselection Name RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET

Value -95 dBm 8 dB 10 dB

Name TEMPORARY_OFFSET PENALTY_TIME MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH

Value 20 dB 60 sec 33 dBm

Power Control Name N_BSTXPW R_M EN_BS_PC EN_MS_PC A_LEV_PC A_QUAL_PC POW_RED_STEP_SIZE POW_INC_STEP_SIZE


Value 17 SACCH Disable Enable 4 SACCH 4 SACCH 2 dB 6 dB

Name L_RXLEV_UL_P U_RXLEV_UL_P L_RXQUAL_UL_P U_RXQUAL_UL_P MS_P_CON_ACK MS_P_CON_INT

Value -80 dBm -70 dBm 2 1 2 sec 0 sec

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List of radio parameter Handover - General Name EN_RXQUAL_UL EN_RXQUAL_DL EN_RXLEV_UL EN_RXLEV_DL EN_PBGT_HO CELL_EV A_LEV_HO A_QUAL_HO

Value Name Enable A_PBGT_HO Enable L_RXLEV_UL_H Enable L_RXLEV_DL_H Enable RXLEV_UL_IH Enable RXLEV_DL_IH Order L_RXQUAL_UL_H 4 SACCH L_RXQUAL_DL_H 4 SACCH HO_MARGIN

Value 6 SACCH -95 dBm -85 dBm -62 dBm -62 dBm 3 3 6 dB

Handover - Specific for microcell Name EN_MCHO_H_UL EN_MCHO_H_DL EN_MCHO_RESCUE EN_MCHO_NCELL EN_RESCUE_UM_B5 EN_SPEED_DISC

Value Enable Enable Enable Disable Enable Disable

Name A_LEV_MCHO U_RXLEV_UL_MCHO U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO L_RXLEV_CPT_HO N_BAD_SACCH OUTDOOR_UMB_LEV

Value 6 SACCH -80 dBm -78 dBm -72 dBm 7 SACCH -80 dBm

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3. Example of Deployment Step 12 Output - 1 Coverage

Quality

Interference

Indoor cell plot map  coverage: > -83 dBm  some bad quality spots due to interference problem  need clean frequency for indoor cell 


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Final neighbouring list

Cell name W8/PH3 W10_A W8_B AUH_West_C W7C19_C W9/C46_C W10/C24_A W7C19_B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

CI 19540 11081 11782 1243 1733 12543 12451 1732

Cell_dimension_type Micro Macro Macro Macro Macro Macro Macro Macro 41


3. Example of Deployment Step 13 Output - 1 3250

7

3000 6

2750

Nb_samples

2500

2250

Downlink

5

2000



A-bis measurement  Balance power budget  Tune uplink power control L_RXLEV_UL_P: -80 to –70 dBm U_RXLEV_UL_P: -70 to –60 dBm

4

1750 1500

3

1250 1000

2

750 500

1

250 0

0 -110-107-104-101 -98 -95 -92 -89 -86 -83 -80 -77 -74 -71 -68 -65 -62 -59 -56 -53 -50 -47 -44 -41

2100

7

1950 1800 1650



1500

Nb_samples

6 5

1350

Uplink



1200

4

1050 900

3

750 600

2

450 300

1

150

Power Budget

0

0 -110-107-104-101 -98 -95 -92 -89 -86 -83 -80 -77 -74 -71 -68 -65 -62 -59 -56 -53 -50 -47 -44 -41

BTS Name Fu Freq. RxLev_UL RxLev_DL RxQual_UL RxQual_DL Path_loss_UL Path_loss_DL delta_Path_loss delta_quality nb_of samples Nb_of calls Indoor -69.18 -58.82 0.11 0.13 96.22 95.82 0.4 -0.02 15033 1 FH -69.14 -59.24 0.11 0.11 98.06 96.24 1.82 0 4606 37 2 FH -68.58 -56.86 0.06 0.07 93.2 93.86 -0.66 0 5513 43 3 FH -69.9 -60.61 0.15 0.22 97.88 97.61 0.27 -0.06 4914 47


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3. Example of Deployment Step 13 Output - 2 Best Server Coverage Coverage

Air measurement (normal mode)  Handover from indoor micro to outdoor cell  Need to avoid the outdoor cell served inside the building  Investigate the reason for handover, level or quality (DL or UL) and tune to appropriate value

Quality



Outdoor cell

43


3. Example of Deployment Step 13 Output - 3

Indoor cell identify with blue colour line  Test 1  From depth indoor to window then comeback  Test 2  From depth indoor going outside and going back again 

70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 6 3 : 6 3 : 2 1

3 1 : 7 3 : 2 1

7 2 : 7 3 : 2 1

6 3 : 7 3 : 2 1

1 0 : 8 3 : 2 1

4 3 : 8 3 : 2 1

3 2 : 9 3 : 2 1

7 3 : 9 3 : 2 1

5 5 : 9 3 : 2 1

0 1 : 0 4 : 2 1

4 3 : 0 4 : 2 1

3 3 : 1 4 : 2 1

9 4 : 1 4 : 2 1

5 0 : 2 4 : 2 1

9 2 : 2 4 : 2 1

2 0 : 3 4 : 2 1

1 3 : 3 4 : 2 1

2 5 : 3 4 : 2 1

0 3 : 4 4 : 2 1

4 5 : 4 4 : 2 1

9 0 : 5 4 : 2 1

8 0 : 6 4 : 2 1

4 5 :

Time 6

6 4 : 2 1

1 : 7 4 : 2 1

C1 criteria – Test 1 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Time 0 5 : 6 2 : 2 1

8 0 : 7 2 : 2 1

2 2 : 7 2 : 2 1

6 3 : 7 2 : 2 1

0 5 : 7 2 : 2 1

4 0 : 8 2 : 2 1

8 1 : 8 2 : 2 1

5 3 : 8 2 : 2 1

0 1 : 9 2 : 2 1

7 0 : 0 3 : 2 1

1 2 : 0 3 : 2 1

5 3 : 0 3 : 2 1

0 5 : 0 3 : 2 1

5 0 : 1 3 : 2 1

1 2 : 1 3 : 2 1

5 3 : 1 3 : 2 1

9 4 : 1 3 : 2 1

3 0 : 2 3 : 2 1

7 1 : 2 3 : 2 1

1 3 : 2 3 : 2 1

5 4 : 2 3 : 2 1

8 0 : 3 3 : 2 1

2 2 : 3 3 : 2 1

6 3 : 3 3 : 2 1

0 5 : 3 3 : 2 1

5 0 : 4 3 : 2 1

0 2 : 4 3 : 2 1

C1 criteria – Test 2 Mobile Radio Network Planning

44


Examples of parameter to be tune from the first configuration Selection Selection and Reselection

Name L_RXLEV_UL_P U_RXLEV_UL_P L_RXQUAL_UL_P U_RXQUAL_UL_P

Name Value Range Unit RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN -105 to -95 dBm TEMPORARY_OFFSET 10, 20 dB

Handover - General Name L_RXLEV_UL_H L_RXLEV_DL_H RXLEV_UL_IH RXLEV_DL_IH

Value Range -95, -92 -92, -85 -70, -62 -70, -62

Power Control Value Range Unit -70, -80 dBm -60, -70 dBm 2 0, 1

Handover - Specific for microcell

Unit dBm dBm dBm dBm

Name U_RXLEV_UL_MCHO U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO L_RXLEV_CPT_HO OUTDOOR_UMB_LEV

Value Range -84 to -78 -82 to -76 -78 to -72 -88 to -80

Unit dBm dBm dBm dBm

45


3. Example of Deployment Step 14 Coverage Comparison 1 Coverage Improved

Coverage Before Coverage After


46

3. Example of Deployment Step 14 Quality Comparison - 2

Quality Before

Quality After

Quality Improved

47


3. Example of Deployment Step 14 Best Server Comparison 2



100% of the building is served by the indoor cell After

Before Mobile Radio Network Planning

48

3. Example of Deployment Step 14 RXLEV Distribution - 4

With indoor cell

Before indoor cell

More than 99,8% of samples with a level over –80dBm

Less than 11,8% of samples with a level over –80dBm

49


3. Example of Deployment Step 14 RXQUAL Distribution 5

Before indoor cell With indoor cell 48% of sample with bad 93% of samples with quality good quality (0 – 2)


50

3. Example of Deployment Step 14 MSPWR Distribution 6

Before Indoor Cell

With Indoor Cell

Mean MSPWR = 33 dBm Mean MSPWR = 22 dBm


51

3. Example of Deployment Step 14 Leakage Leakage of Indoor Cell





Indoor Cell does not served on the street (confine inside the building) No degradation in outdoor network


52

3. Example of Deployment Step 14 Cell Statistic - 8 Call Setup Success Rate & Call Drop Rate

CSSR > 99.5%  CD < 0.5% 

100.00%

5.00%

99.50%

4.50%

99.00%

4.00%

98.50%

3.50%

98.00%

3.00%

Call_Setup_Succ

R S S C

97.50%

2.50%

Call_Drop

97.00%

D C

2.00%

96.50%

1.50%

96.00%

1.00%

95.50%

0.50%

95.00%

0.00%

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 - 9 n - 9 n 9 - 9 y - 9 - 9 n 9 y y y y n n u u u u J J J M a M a M a M a M a 2 - J u 4 J 5 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 4 2 6 2 8 2 9 53


3. Example of Deployment Step 14 Cell Statistic - 9

RTCH Traffic 35.0

11.0

30.0

9.0 Erlang Total

25.0

7.0

Erlang BH g 20.0 n a l r E 15.0

5.0

g n a l r E

3.0

10.0

1.0

5.0 0.0

-1.0 30-May-99 31-May-99


1-Jun-99

2-Jun-99

3-Jun-99

4-Jun-99

5-Jun-99

6-Jun-99

54


Indoor signal confined inside the building, no leakage to outside



The indoor cell is the only one best server in the building with excellent quality



Excellent Quality of Service on the indoor cell:

Average Call Drop Rate below 0.5 %



Average CSSR over 99.5 %





Total traffic up to 30 erlang per day


55

Indoor Coverage

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