INDICE
1. PRESEN ESENTTACI CIÓ ÓN 2. LA ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DEL COMERCIO 2.1. ANTECEDENTES 2.2. SITUACION ACTUAL 2.2.1. CONCEPTO 2.2.2. OBJETIVOS 2.2.3. FUNCIONES 2.2.4. PRINCIPIOS 2.2.5. ORGANIZACIÓN 2.2.6. ANEXO 1 2.2.7. ANEXO 2: SOLUCIÓN DE DIFERENCIAS 2.2.7.1. DIFERENCIA ENTRE LA OSD CIADI 2.2.!. ANEXO 3: EXA"EN DE POLITICA CO"ERCIAL 2.3. SITUACION SITUAC ION CO"PARATIVA CO"PARATIVA 2.4. NOTICIAS
3. TRAT TRATADO ADO TRANSPACIFICO DE ASOCIACION ECONOMICA 3.1. ANTECEDENTES 3.2. SITUACION ACTUAL 3.2.1. CONCEPTOS
3.3. SITUACION CO"PARATIVA 3.4. NOTICIAS
4. CONCLUSIONES 5. BIBLIOGRAFIA
PRESENTACIÓN
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1.
ANTECEDENTES L0 /(0#/0,/( *& #0 '&-(*0 -&%%0 -(*/0# &# -&%)& *&)&%/+%+ 9-& &$&%/&()0%+( #0' %�,/+(&' &,+(/,0' /()&%(0,/+(0#&' 0 #+ #0%+ *&# $&%/+*+ &()%&-&%%0'8 $%+;+, 9-& #+' $0'&' 0#/0*+'8 ,+( EEUU 0 #0 ,0&08 0'-/&%0( #0 %&'$+('0/#/*0* *& %&,+$+(&% #+' &#&&()+' <'/,+' *& -(0 */',/$#/(0 &,+(/,0 -(*/0# &( #+' </)+' ,+&%,/0#8 +(&)0%/+ /(0(,/&%+. F-& $&%+*+ %�)/;0&()& %&;&8 #+' $0'&' 0,+%*0%+( #0' (+%0' <'/,0'8 9-& %&-#0%0( #0' %�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
•
EL GATT (ACUERDO GENERAL SOBRE ARANCELES ADUANEROS Y COMERCIO) L0 O%0(/0,/( "-(*/0# *&# C+&%,/+ (0,/ &( 158 #+ 9-& #0 ,+(;/&%)& &( -(0 *& #0' +%0(/0,/+(&' /()&%(0,/+(0#&' <' /$+%)0()&'. L0 O"C &' #0 '-,&'+%0 *&# A,-&%*+ G&(&%0# '+%& A%0(,&#&' A*-0(&%+' C+&%,/+ =GATT>8 &')0#&,/*+ )%0' #0 '&-(*0 -&%%0 -(*/0#. T0()+ &# GATT8 ,++ #0 O"C ?0( ,+()%/-/*+ 0 ,%&0% -( '/')&0 ,+&%,/0# -&%)& $%'$&%+ 9-& ?0 $&%/)/*+ #+%0% -( ,%&,//&()+ '/( $%&,&*&()&'. E( 1458 0#-(+' $0'&' /(/,/0%+( (&+,/0,/+(&' $0%0 %&*-,/% ,+('+#/*0% #+' 0%0(,&#&' 0*-0(&%+' ,+&(0% 0' 0 &#//(0% #0' &*/*0' $%+)&,,/+(/')0' ;/&()&' *&'*& #+' 0H+' 3. D& &')0' (&+,/0,/+(&' '-%/&%+( (+%0' $0%0 &# ,+&%,/+ /()&%(0,/+(0# -(0 %&*-,,/( *& 0%0(,&#&' 9-& 0&,)00 0 #0 9-/()0 $0%)& *&# ,+&%,/+ -(*/0#. E( $0%0#&#+ )&(0( #-0% #0' ,+(;&%'0,/+(&' $0%0 #0 ,%&0,/( *& #0 OIC. E# +%/&( *&# GATT '& &(,-&()%0 &( #0 %&-(/( *& #0 ,+/'/( $%&$0%0)+%/0 *& #0 ,+(&%&(,/0 /()&%(0,/+(0# *& ,+&%,/+8 0+ &# $0)%+,/(/+ *& #0 ONU8 )-;+ #-0% &( L+(*%&' 0 /(0#&' *& 146. . F-& &# %&'-#)0*+ *& -(0 ,++$&%0,/( /()&%(0,/+(0# '/( $%&,&*&()&' *& -(0 ,+-(/*0* /()&%(0,/+(0# 9-& &')00 $%+-(*0&()& *&'0%%0*0 $+% &# *0H+ #0 *&')%-,,/( 9-& ?00 )%0*+ ,+('/+ -(0 '/)-0,/( *& -&%%0 '/( /( -(0 ,+-(/*0* /()&%(0,/+(0# 9-& -',00 -( ,+/&(+ )+)0#&()& (-&;+ -( (-&;+ +%*&( /()&%(0,/+(0#. P+% #+ )0()+8 &( 147 '& /%0 &# GATT &# %-$+ *& $0'&' 0*?&%&()&' '& ?00 0$#/0*+ 0 23 =12 $0'&' /(*-')%/0#/0*+' 11 &( *&'0%%+##+>. E( (+;/&%& *&# /'+ 0H+ )-;+ #-0% #0 C+(&%&(,/0 *& L0 K00(08 &( 09-&##0 ,+(&%&(,/0 '& %0)//,0%0 #0 C0%)0 *& #0 O%0(/0,/( I()&%(0,/+(0# *&# C+&%,/+8 $&%+ '& &(,+()% ,+( #0 +$+'/,/( *&# C+(%&'+ *& #+' E')0*+' U(/*+'. E( 15 &# +/&%(+ *& E')0*+' U(/*+' ;-&#;& 0 %0)//,0% '- +$+'/,/( 0 #0 C0%)0 *& L0 K00(08 #+ 9-& $%<,)/,0&()& */+ $+% )&%/(0*0' #0' (&+,/0,/+(&' $0%0 #0 +%0,/( *& #0 O%0(/0,/( I()&%(0,/+(0# *&# ,+&%,/+. S- -(,/( ,+('/')0 &( -( ,*/+ *& -&(0 ,+(*-,)08 0'0*+ &( &# $%/(,/$/+ *& (+ */',%//(0,/(8 %&*-,,/( *& ,-$+' 0%0(,&#&' $%+?//,/( *& ,<%)&#&' dumpings. A-(9-& &' ,/&%)+ 9-& (+ $-*+ ,-$#/% 0 %00)0#0 '-' -(,/+(&'8 0 9-& &&%/&%+( ,<%)&#&' =,++ &# *& #0 OPEP>8 *&)&%/(0*+' dumpings *&)&%/(0*+' ,-$+' 0%0(,&#&'. E# GATT 0%/ '/( *-*0 -(0 (-&;0 &%0 *& ,++$&%0,/( /()&%(0,/+(0# $&%+8 (+ +')0()&8 0()&' *& /(0#&()& 0)&%/0#/0%'& &( #0 O"C8 )-;+ 9-& ,0$&0% &# &'-&%+ 0+%)0*+ *& ,%&0% #0 O%0(/0,/( I()&%(0,/+(0# *& C+&%,/+8 #0' $%&'/+(&' *& +)%+' (-&%+'+' ,+(#/,)+' (0,/+(0#&' %&/+(0#&' )+*0 #0 G-&%%0 F%0. C0& 0%&0% 9-& &# GATT8 0 */&%&(,/0 *&# F"I BIRF8 (-(,0 -& -( +%0(/'+ *& N0,/+(&' U(/*0' '/(+ -( 0,-&%*+ /()&%(0,/+(0# -#)/#0)&%0# 9-& %&-# #0' %�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LAS RONDAS DEL GATT D&'*& 147 ?0')0 1!6 )-;/&%+( #-0% ! %+(*0' *&# GATT. L0' $%/&%0' %+(*0' *& '& ,+(,&()%0%+( &( ,+()/(-0% &# $%+,&'+ *& %&*-,,/( *& #+' 0%0(,&#&'. L-&+8 0 &*/0*+' *&# *&,&(/+ *& 168 *& #0 R+(*0 M&((&* '-%/ -( A,-&%*+ A()/*-$/( -(0 '&,,/( '+%& &# *&'0%%+##+. E( 17 )-;+ #-0% L0 R+(*0 *& T+/+8 09- '& )%0) &# )&0 *& #0' 0%%&%0' (+ 0%0(,�%/0'. E()%& 1!6 14 &( P-()0 *&# E')& '& ##&; 0 ,0+ #0 +,)0;0 #)/0 %+(*0 *&# GATT. E')0 %+(*0 -& #0 <' /$+%)0()& */+ #-0% 0 #0 ,%&0,/( *& #0 O%0(/0,/( "-(*/0# *& C+&%,/+.
A ,+()/(-0,/( '& $%&'&()0%0 #0' ! %+(*0' GATT 9-& '& %&0#/0%+(:
RONDA
FECHA
PAISES
VOLUMEN DE COMERCIO AFECTADO
CONTENIDO DE LAS NEGOCIACIONES
RESULTADO DE LAS NEGOCIACIONES
GINEBRA
147
23
1
A%0(,&#&': $%+*-,)+ 0 $%+*-,)+
45. ,+(,&'/+(&' 0%0(,�%/0'
ANNECY
14
33
A%0(,&#&': $%+*-,)+ 0 $%+*-,)+
N-&;0' %&*-,,/+(&' 0%0(,�%/0'
TORUAY
15
34
A%0(,&#&': $%+*-,)+ 0 $%+*-,)+
C+(,&'/+(&' 0%0(,�%/0' '-$#&&()0%/0'
PROBLEMAS PLANTEADOS
GINEBRA
156
22
2 5
A%0(,&#&': $%+*-,)+ 0 $%+*-,)+
DILLON
1661
45
4
A%0(,&#&': $%+*-,)+ 0 $%+*-,)+
R&;/'/( *& 0%0(,&#&' )%0' #0 ,%&0,/( *& #0 CE. N-&;0' ,+(,&'/+(&'
!ENEDDY
16467
4!
4
A%0(,&#&': %&00 #/(&0#. B0%%&%0' (+ 0%0(,�%/0'
R&*-,,/( &*/0 *& 0%0(,&#&' $%+*-,)+' /(*-')%/0#&': 35 . A%0(,&#&' $%+*-,)+' 0%,+#0': 2
S/-&( -&%0 *&# GATT 0%/,-#)-%0 )&)/#&'. P%/&%+' 0,-&%*+' %&/+(0#&'
TO!IO
1737
155
A%0(,&#&': %&00 &(&%0# (+ #/(&0#. B0%%&%0' (+ 0%0(,�%/0'
D&%&,?+' 0%0(,�%/+' &*/+' $0%0 $%+*-,)+' /(*-')%/0#&': 487 . A,-&%*+' (+ 0%0(,�%/+'
S/-&( -&%0 0%/,-#)-%0 )&)/#&'. P%+#/&%0( 0,-&%*+' %&/+(0#&'
S/')&0 G&(&%0#/0*+ *& P%&&%&(,/0'
URUGUAY
1!64
•
12
3.7 /##+(&' *& USA
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Ó%0(+ *& S+#-,/( *& D/&%&(,/0' ,++ Ó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
EL PROPOSITO DE LA OMC E# $%+$'/)+ $%/+%*/0# *& #0 O"C &' ,+()%/-/% 0 9-& #0' ,+%%/&()&' ,+&%,/0#&' ,/%,-#&( ,+( #-/*&8 #/&%)0*8 &9-/*0* $%&;/'//#/*0*. P0%0 #+%0% &'& +&)/;+8 #0 O"C '& &(,0%0 *&: 0*/(/')%0% #+' 0,-&%*+' ,+&%,/0#&' '&%;/% *& +%+ $0%0 #0' (&+,/0,/+(&' ,+&%,/0#&' %&'+#;&% #0' */&%&(,/0' ,+&%,/0#&' '-$&%;/'0% #0' $+#)/,0' ,+&%,/0#&' (0,/+(0#&' 0-*0% 0 #+' $0'&' &( *&'0%%+##+ ,+( #0' ,-&')/+(&' *& $+#)/,0 ,+&%,/0#8 $%&')<(*+#&' 0'/')&(,/0 )@,(/,0 +%0(/0(*+ $%+%00' *& +%0,/( ,++$&%0% ,+( +)%0' +%0(/0,/+(&' /()&%(0,/+(0#&'.
