LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PMM – B
PEMERIKSAAN ANGKA KUMAN PADA SOSIS SIAP MAKAN
DOSEN PEMBIMBING : NARWATI S.Si., M.KES DISUSUN OLEH : SUB 2 / KELOMPOK KELOMPOK C / KELAS B / SEMESTER IV
POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA POLTEKKES POLTEKKES KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN KESEHATAN SURABAY SURA BAYA A PROGRAM STUDI D3 KESEHATAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN LINGKUNGA N SURABAYA SURABAYA TAHUN TAHUN 20! 20 !
SUB 2 / KELOMPOK B / KELAS B / SEMESTER IV :
KHUSNUL NADIFA
P278331130
BELLA ZIETA
P278331130
M. RIZAL AISYUDIN
P27833113089
SURAIDA AGIL L
P27833113093
A. MATERI PRAKTIKUM “Peme!"#$$% A%&"$ K'm$% (A%&"$ Lem)e%& T*+$,- )$$ S*#!# S!$) M$"$%/ B. PELAKSAAN PRAKTIKUM H$! +$%&&$, Se,$#$ 1 A)!, 201 P'"', 07.30 4 15.30 6IB P$$me+e Angka Lempeng Total L*"$#! L$*$+*!'m M!"*!*,*&! Ke#e$+$% L!%&"'%&$% P*,+e""e#
S'$$$ C. TU"UAN PRAKTIKUM . T#$#%& U'#' M$$#!#:$ $)$+ me%&e+$'! ;'m,$ $%&"$ "'m$% )$$ #$m)e, m$"$%$%
%$m!%'m$% 2. T#$#%& K(#)#) $. M$$#!#:$ $)$+ me,$"'"$% )e#!$)$% $,$+ $% $$% '%+'" )e%&$m!,$% #$m)e,
m$')'% )eme!"#$$% . M$$#!#:$ m$m)' me%&!+'%& $% mem'$+ me!$ #e#'$! "e'+'$% <. M$$#!#:$ m$m)' me,$"'"$% )e%&$m!,$% #$m)e, )$$ m$"$%$% $% m!%'m$% . M$$#!#:$ m$m)' me,$"'"$% )e%$%$m$% #$m)e, )$$ me!$ )e%'' $+$' #e,e"+!= e. M$$#!#:$ m$m)' me%&!+'%& $% mem$%!%&"$% $%&"$ "'m$% e%&$% #+$%$ )e$+'$% $%& e,$"'
D. DASAR TEORI
D$,$m )e%&';!$% m'+' #'$+' $$% )$%&$% !)e,'"$% e$&$! ';! $%& me%<$"') ';! =!#!" ';! "!m!$ ';! m!"*!*,*&! $% ';! *&$%*,e)+!". U;! m!"*!*,*&! me')$"$% #$,$ #$+' ';! $%& )e%+!%& "$e%$ #e,$!% $)$+ me%'&$ $$ +$$% #!m)$% #'$+' m$"$%$% ;'&$ $)$+ !&'%$"$% #e$&$! !%!"$+* #$%!+$#! m$"$%$% $+$' !%!<$+* "e$m$%$% m$"$%$%. Be$&$! m$<$m ';! m!"*!*,*&! $)$+ !,$"'"$% +e$$) )$%&$% me,!)'+! ';! "'$%+!+$+!= m!"*$ '%+'" me%e%+'"$% m'+' $% $$ #'+' m$"$%$% ';! "'$,!+$+!= m!"*$ '%+'" me%e%+'"$% m'+' $% $$ +$$% #'$+' m$"$%$% ';! "'$,!+$+!= $"+e!
)$+*&e% '%+'" me%e%+'"$% +!%&"$+ "e$m$%$%$ $% ';! $"+e! !%!"$+* '%+'" me%e%+'"$% +!%&"$+ #$%!+$#! m$"$%$% +e#e'+. Pe%&';!$% $%& !,$"'"$% +e$$) #e+!$) $$% )$%&$% +!$" #$m$ +e&$%+'%& $! e$&$! =$"+* #e)e+! ;e%!# $% "*m)*#!#! $$% )$%&$% <$$ )e%&e)$"$% $% )e%!m)$%$% <$$ )e%$%&$%$% $% "*%#'m#!%$ "e,*m)*" "*%#'me% $% e$&$! =$"+* ,$!%%$.
Me+*e "'$%+!+$+!= !&'%$"$% '%+'" me%&e+$'! ;'m,$ m!"*$ $%& $$ )$$ #'$+' #$m)e, 'm'm%$ !"e%$, e%&$% A%&"$ Lem)e%& T*+$, (ALT-. U;! A%&"$ Lem)e%& T*+$, (ALT- $% ,e! +e)$+%$ ALT $e* me#*=!, $+$' $%$e* me#*=!, me%&&'%$"$% me!$ )$$+ e%&$% $#!, $"! e')$ "*,*%! $%& $)$+ !$m$+! #e<$$ >!#'$, e')$ $%&"$ $,$m "*,*%! (<='- )e m,?&$m $+$' "*,*%!?100m,. @$$ $%& !&'%$"$% $%+$$ ,$!% e%&$% <$$ +'$%& <$$ +e+e# $% <$$ #e$ (BPM 2008-. Me+*e !+'%&$% <$:$% !$#$"$% )$$ $%&&$)$% $:$ #e+!$) #e, $%& $)$+ !') $"$% e"em$%& me%;$! #$+' "*,*%!. $! ;'m,$ "*,*%! $%& m'%<', )$$ <$:$% me')$"$% #'$+' !%e"# $&! ;'m,$ *&$%!#me $%& $)$+ !') $%& +e"$%'%& $,$m #$m)e,. D$% me%<$:$%"$% $#!, )e%&e%
me%&!+'%& ;'m,$ "*,*%! $,$m )e+!!# $)$+ !&'%$"$% <*,*% <*'%+e $%& !$#$%$ !,e%&"$)! e,e<+*%!< e&!#+e. Ke'%+'%&$% D$% Ke,em$$% $! ALT Ke'%+'%&$% $! me+*e )e+'m'$% $&$ $+$' me+*e ';! A%&"$ Lem)e%& T*+$, $$,$ $)$+ me%&e+$'! ;'m,$ m!"*$ $%& *m!%$%. Ke'%+'%&$% ,$!%%$ $)$+ !"e+$'! $$%$ m!"*$ ;e%!# ,$!% $%& +e$)$+ $,$m <*%+*. A$)'% "e,em$$% $! me+*e !%! $$,$ 1. Kem'%&"!%$% +e;$!%$ "*,*%! $%& e$#$, ,e! $! #$+' #e, m!"*$ #e)e+! )$$ m!"*$ $%& e)$#$%&$% $%+$! $+$' "e,*m)*" #e,. 2. Kem'%&"!%$% !%! $"$% mem)e"e
. Pe%&!+'%&$% !,$"'"$% )$$ me!$ $&$ $%& ;'m,$ )*)',$#! m!"*$%$ $%+$$ 30 4 300 "*,*%!. B!,$ ;'m,$ )*)',$#! "'$%& $! 30 "*,*%! $"$% me%&$#!,"$% )e%&!+'%&$% $%& "'$%& +e,!+! #e<$$ #+$+!#+!" %$m'% !,$ ,e! $! 300 "*,*%! $"$% me%&$#!,"$% $, $%& #$m$ "$e%$ +e;$! )e#$!%&$% !$%+$$ "*,*%!. . Pe%&!+'%&$% )*)',$#! m!"*$ $)$+ !,$"'"$% #e+e,$ m$#$ !%"'$#! $%& 'm'm%$ mem'+'"$% :$"+' 2 ;$m $+$' ,e! (B'<",e 1987-. B$+$# M$"#!m'm @em$$% M!"*$ D$,$m P$%&$% N*. K%+ P%&%& 01.3
S*#!#
K%+-*i P%&%&
"-&i) C-'%%&
B%+%) M%)i'#'
m$#$"
Mi*% ALT
(+!$"
!"$,e%&"$% #!$) "*%#'m#!
(
30 ℃
4
1
10
72 ;$m "*,*%! ? &
Sumber : ( SNI No. 7388 : 2009 )
E. ALAT DAN BAHAN
N*. 1. 2. . . 5. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 1. 1. 15. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
ALAT S$'%& +$%&$% B*+*, "ee T$'%& e$"#! #+e!, e%&$% $"%$ M$#"e K*m)* K*e" $)! L$m)' #)!!+'# G'%+!%& E+!"e+ @**,* 6$+e$+ P!)'m) S)$+',$ Pe+!!# #+e!, P!)e+ '"' 1m, #+e!, #e E,e%mee Ge,$# '"' Tem*me+e I%<'$+* A,$+ +',!#
BAHAN N$@, ( 09 N'+!e%+ A&$ Pe)+*% :$+e L$'+$% $%+!#e)+!# ? $,<**, 70 K$)$# A,'m!%!'m =*!, Ke+$# <*",$+ T$,! $m! A'$e#
. PROSEDUR KER"A . H%i P-+%'% a. Pembuatan e!"a 1. Me!$ N$@, ( 0 9 -
H!+'%& "e'+'$% N$@, ( 09 - '%+'" #$+' #' 0,9
T!m$%& N$@, 00 &$m !,$'+"$% $,$m m, $'$e#
A'" #')$$ ,$'+ ,$,' m$#'""$% $,$m +$'%& e$"#! #e$%$" 9 m, +'+' "$ $# ,$,' #+e!,"$% ! $,$m $'+*<,$>e 21*@ #e,$m$ 1 me%!+ 2. Me!$ N'+!e%+ A&$
H!+'%& "e'+'$% me!$ N'+!e% A&$ '%+'" #$+' #' 20
T!m$%& N'+!e%+ A&$ 18 &$m !,$'+"$% $,$m 1 ,!+e $'$e#
A'" !%
b. Tekn"k Sampl"ng
$ $+$ M$#'""$% $,$m e,e%me e +'+' e% $% "$ $#
o
G'%$"$% #$'% +$% $% #+e!, #ee,'m e% $m!,$% # e#!me% ? #$m e,
N$,$"$% '%#e% $% #!$)"$% $,$+ $%& !&'%$"$% '%+'" )e%&$m!,$% #$m)e,
Am!, #$m)e, e%&$% #e%*" #+e!, $% m$#'""$% $,$m ),$#+!" #$m)e,
Be! e+!"e+ $% e!#! "*e $% +',!# $$ =*m e% $m!,$% #$m e,
B$:$ #$m)e, "e ,$*$+*!'m '%+'" !)e!"#$
#. Tekn"k Pemer"k$aan
T!m$%& #$m)e, &',$ #e$%$" 10 &$m ($,$m "e$$$% #+e!,- e%&
%$S!$)"$% m*+! $%& +e,$ !#+e!, $% $,'#"$% #$m)e, #*#!# (,$"'"$% #e<$$ #+e!,-
S!$)"$% m*+! $%&m*+! +e,$ $%& !#+e!, $%!#+e!, $,'#"$% &',$ S!$)"$% +e,$ $%#$m)e, $,'#"$% #$m)e, #*#!# (,$"'"$% #e<$$ #+e!,-
Se+e,$ #$m)e, $,'# m$#'""$% #$m)e, "e$,$m ,$'+$% )e%&e%
%$S!$)"$% ,$'+$% )e%&e%
Am!, 1 m, $! e,e%mee e!#! )e)+*% :$+e $% #$m)e, "*e 10 C1 "e $,$m +$'%& 10C2 e%&$% )!)e+ "em'!$% *m*&e%"$% $% ,$"'"$% #e<$$ #+e!,. ( ')$$"$% +!$) )em!%$$% #$m)e, $! 1 +$'%& e$"#! "e +$'%& ,$!%%$ me% '%$"$% ! e+ #+e!, $% $'
Dem!"!$% #e+e'#%$ !,$"'"$% #$m)$! +$'%& e$"#! 10 C. Pe%&e%
D$! m$#!%&Cm$#!%& +$'%& !$+$# !m',$! $! +$'%& "e e%$m $%& e!#! <*%+*, e%&$% )!)e+ #+e!, !$m!, 1 m, !m$#'""$% "e$,$m )e+!!# #+e!, #e#'$! e%&$% "*e )e%&e%
Kem'!$% m$#'""$% me!$ %'+!e%+ A&$ <$! $%& +e,$ !)$%$#"$% $,$m :$+e$+ e%&$% #'' @ C @ #e$%$" 1 m,. m$#!%& 4 m$#!%& )e+!!# !)'+$ 4 )'+$ )e,$$% !%&&$ +e<$m)' me$+$ $% !!$"$% !%&&$ meme"' , M$#'""$% "e $,$m !%<'$+*e$m"$% #e,$m$ (2 2 ;$m2. H%i K-#% a. Pemba#aan %a$"l
Se+e,$ 2 2 ;$m me%&!+'%& ;'m,$ "*,*%! $%& +'m' )$$ +!$) 4 +!$
e+!!# me%
'%$"$% "*,*%! <*'%+e
K*,*%! $%& e&$'%& me%;$! 1 ee+$% ? "*,*%! $%& +e,!$+ #e$&$! &$!# +e$, ? ;'m,$ "*,*%! me$&'"$% !!+'%& #e$&$! 1 "*,*%! "'m
%$H!+'%& ;'m,$ "*,*%! $%& +'m' )$$ )e+!!# e!#! "*%+*,. B!,$ ;'m,$ "*,*%! )$$ )e+!!# "*%+*, J )eme!"#$$% $'# !',$%& "$e%$ #+e!,!#$#! !$%&&$) "'$%& $!".
b. Pelaporan
Pe!+'%&$% $%$ !,$"'"$% )$$ )e+!!# $%& me%&$#!,"$% "*,*%! $%+$$ 30 C 300 #e+$ !,$ "*,*%! )$$ )e+!!# "*%+*, . 'm,$ "*,*%! )$$ )e+!!# $'# !"'$%&! e%&$% "*,*%! )$$ )e+!!# "*%+*,.
Me%&&'%$"$% 'm'# koloni −kontrol ∑ ¿ x tingkat pengenceran ¿
G. HASIL e%!# S$m)e, S*#!# S!$) M$"$% P$$me+e ALT ( A%&"$ Lem)e%& T*+$, T$e, $+$ $#!, )$"+!"'m
Pe%&e$m$% #e,$m$ ( 2 2 ;$m -
Pe%&e%
10
33
−2
−3
K*%+*, −4
−5
10
10
10
10
3
3
0
0
0
Pe#$$$+$% ;'m,$ "*,*%! '%+'" )e!+'%&$% $!+' 30 4 300 ( #e+e,$ !"'$%&! e%&$% ;'m,$ <*%+*, -. P$$ +$e, ! $+$# ;'m,$ "*,*%! )$$ )e%&e%
#$m)$! 10
+!$" $$ $%& meme%'! #$$+ #e!%&&$ !$m!, ;'m,$ "*,*%!
−1
10
$%& +e+!%&&! $! )e%&e%
ALT ( "*,*%! ? &$m -
D!m$%$ ALT K "*,*%! P P D!"e+$'!
"*,*%! K P P
D!+$%$
A%&"$ ,em)e%& +*+$, ( "*,*%! ? &$m "*,*%! )$$ )e+!!# <*%+*, ( "*,*%! "*,*%! )$$ )e+!!# $%& e!#! #$m)e, Be#$ )em&e%
0 10 1
ALT
O
D!;$:$ ALT ( "*,*%! ? &$m -
koloni − K ¿ x P
∑
¿ ¿ ¿
( 33 −0 ) x 10 ALT ( "*,*%! ? &$m -
1 4
330 0033
10 ( koloni / gram )
4
$! #e+!$) 1 &$m #$m)e, #*#!# #!$) m$"$% +e$)$+ "*,*%! #e$%$" 0033
10
"*,*%!. H. PEMBAHASAN U;! ALT !,$"'"$% '%+'" me%&e+$'! ;'m,$ $%&"$ "'m$% $%& me%
)e%&e%
%$10
)e%&e%
%$10
)e%&e%
%$−3
−4
10
#e$%$" 33 "*,*%! )e%&e%
%$−2
10
#e$%$" 3 "*,*%!
#e$%$" 3 "*,*%! #e$%&"$% ;'m,$ "*,*%! +ee%$ )$$
%$−5
10
$!+' 0 "*,*%!. H$, !%! !#$ +e;$! $"!$+ $%$"%$
)e%&e%
!"e+$'! $:$ +!%&"$+ )e%
#e$%$" 0033
10
"*,*%!?&$m. !"$ !$%!%&"$% e%&$% e&',$#! $%& e,$"'
$!+' SNI N*. 7388 +$'% 2009 +e%+$%& “ &ata$ ak$"mum 'emaran "kroba alam 4
Pangan “ '%+'" $&!%& *,$$% $+$# m$"#!m'm%$ #e$%$" 1
10
"*,*%!?&$m.
Se!%&&$ $)$+ !#!m)',"$% $:$ #$m)e, #*#!# #!$) m$"$% $m$% '%+'" !"*%#'m#! "$e%$ ;'m,$ "*,*%! !$:$ #+$%$ $%& e,$"' $% meme%'! #$$+SNI N*. 7388 +$'% 2009 +e%+$%& “ &ata$ ak$"mum 'emaran "kroba alam Pangan “. ". SARAN Mem)e$+!"$% <$$ )e%!m)$%$% $!" #e#'$ $+$')'% #ee,'m !&'%$"$% $&$
+e!%$ $!
mem!%!m$,"$% "*%+$m!%$#! $&$ $#!, $! )e%&';!$% e%$Ce%$ $"'$+. D$,$m me%&&*$%& <$:$% #e$'#%$ e%&$% $+!C$+! #e!%&&$ $,$m )e!+'%&$% "*,*%! m'$ '%+'" ! !+'%&.
DATAR PUSTAKA
SNI N*. 7388 +$'% 2009 +e%+$%& “ &ata$ ak$"mum 'emaran "kroba alam Pangan “ B$#*e"! S*e;*%*. 1999. Anatom" !an "$"olog" anu$"a &uku Penuntun *eg"atan Laborator"um. M$,$%& I%#+!+'+ Ke&''$% $% I,m' Ke)e%!!"$% FMIPA M''#$% B!*,*&! BPM. (2008-. Pengu+"an "krob"olog" Pangan. $"$+$ P'#$+ Pe%&';!$% $+D$% M$"$%$% B$$% Pe%&$:$#$% $+ D$% M$"$%$% Re)',!" I%*%e#!$. T$! S $% A' Am$. 1989. Petun+uk Prakt"kum "krob"olog" Pangan. F$"',+$# Te"%*,*&! Pe+$%!$% I%#+!+'+ Te"%*,*&! I%*%e#!$.
DOKUMENTASI
Pe%!m$%&$% #$m)e, #*#!#
S$m)e, #*#!# !$,'#"$% e%&$% <$$ !+'m'"
S$m)e, #*#!# !e%
%$Me,$"'"$% )e%&e%
me!$ Pe)+*%e 6$+e
2
10C3 10C 10C
Me,$"'"$% )e%&e%
Pe%$%$m$% "*,*%! )$$ me!$ $&$
2
10C3 10C 10C
Pe%'$%&$% me!$ $&$ )$$ )e+!!# #+e!,
H$#!, #e+e,$ !!%"'$#! #e,$m$ 2 2 $m