Latex Symbol Command

The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List Scott Pakin∗

David Carlisle

Alexander Holt

March 10, 2001

Abstract This document lists 2010 symbols and the corresponding LATEX commands that produce them. Some of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2ε system; others require fonts and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed. All of the fonts and packages used to prepare this document—as well as this document itself—are freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org).

Contents 1 Body-text symbols Table 1: LATEX 2ε Escapable “Special” Characters . . . . . . . . . Table 2: LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Table 3: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) . . . . Table 4: Predefined LATEX 2ε Text-Mode Commands . . . . . . . Table 5: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 . . . . . . . . . . Table 6: Text-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 7: tipa Text-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 8: textcomp Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9: wasysym Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 11: marvosym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Mathematical symbols Table 12: Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 13: Relation Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 14: Punctuation Symbols (Math Mode) . . . . Table 15: Arrow Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 16: Miscellaneous LATEX 2ε Symbols . . . . . . Table 17: Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . Table 18: Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 19: Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 20: Large Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 21: Math-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 22: Some Other Constructions . . . . . . . . . Table 23: Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 24: AMS Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 25: AMS Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 26: AMS Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . Table 27: AMS Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 28: AMS Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 29: AMS Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . Table 30: Miscellaneous AMS Symbols . . . . . . . . Table 31: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Table 32: AMS Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . ∗ Scott

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Pakin is currently the contact person for this document.

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. . . . Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table

33: 34: 35: 36: 37: 38: 39: 40: 41: 42: 43: 44: 45: 46: 47: 48: 49: 50: 51: 52:

AMS Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . Variable-sized stmaryrd Math Operators . . . stmaryrd Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . Variable-sized wasysym Math Operators . . . Other wasysym Math-Mode Symbols . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations . . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters . . . . . Variable-sized txfonts/pxfonts Math Operators Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Symbols . . . . marvosym Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . ar Aspect Ratio Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . ulsy Contradiction and Other Symbols . . . . Math Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Science and technology symbols Table 53: wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols Table 54: wasysym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . Table 55: wasysym APL Symbols . . . . . . . . . . Table 56: wasysym APL Modifiers . . . . . . . . . Table 57: marvosym Engineering Symbols . . . . . Table 58: marvosym Biological Symbols . . . . . . Table 59: marvosym Astronomical Symbols . . . . Table 60: marvosym Astrological Symbols . . . . . Table 61: marvosym Communication Symbols . . . Table 62: marvosym Safety-Related Symbols . . . . Table 63: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols Table 64: ifsym Pulse Diagram Symbols . . . . . .

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4 Other symbols Table 65: wasysym General Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . Table 66: wasysym Polygons and Stars . . . . . . . . . . Table 67: wasysym Musical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 68: wasysym Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 69: pifont Commands for Accessing Zapf Dingbats Table 70: marvosym Information Symbols . . . . . . . . Table 71: marvosym Navigation Symbols . . . . . . . . . Table 72: marvosym Laundry Symbols . . . . . . . . . . Table 73: Other marvosym Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 74: manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols . . . . . . . Table 75: Other manfnt Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 76: bbding Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 77: bbding Hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 78: bbding Pencils and Nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 79: bbding Crosses, Plusses, and Xs . . . . . . . . Table 80: bbding Stars, Flowers, Snowflakes, and Similar Table 81: bbding Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 82: Other bbding Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 83: ifsym Weather Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 84: ifsym Alpine Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 85: ifsym Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 86: ifsym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

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Table 87: Other ifsym Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Additional Information 5.1 Symbol Name Clashes . . . . . . . 5.2 Where can I find the symbol for . . . 5.3 Math-mode spacing . . . . . . . . . 5.4 About this document . . . . . . . .

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1

Body-text symbols

This section lists symbols that are intended for use in running text, such as punctuation marks, accents, ligatures, and currency symbols.

Table 1: LATEX 2ε Escapable “Special” Characters $

%

\$

\%

}

\_

\}

&

\&

#

{

\#

\{

Table 2: LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode $

\$ \P \S

¶ §

c O

©

\_ \copyright \dag

... £

\ddag \dots \pounds

{ }

\{ \}

Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.

Table 3: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) ˚ a ˚ A Æ æ ∗

\aa \AA \AE \ae

Ð ð Ð

\DH∗ \dh∗ \DJ∗ \dj∗

\L \l \NG∗ \ng∗

ø Ø Œ œ

\o \O \OE \oe

ß SS Þ þ

\ss \SS \TH∗ \th∗

Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.

Table 4: Predefined LATEX 2ε Text-Mode Commands ˆ ˜ *

\ | { }

c O

©

$ ... — – ¡ >

\textasciicircum \textasciitilde \textasteriskcentered \textbackslash \textbar \textbraceleft \textbraceright \textbullet \textcopyright \textdagger \textdaggerdbl \textdollar \textellipsis \textemdash \textendash \textexclamdown \textgreater

< a o

ª º ¶ ·

¿ “ ” ‘ ’ r O

® § £

TM

\textless \textordfeminine \textordmasculine \textparagraph \textperiodcentered \textquestiondown \textquotedblleft \textquotedblright \textquoteleft \textquoteright \textregistered \textsection \textsterling \texttrademark \textunderscore \textvisiblespace

Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available. 4

Table 5: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1

\guillemotleft \guillemotright

\guilsinglleft \guilsinglright

\quotedblbase \quotesinglbase

"

\textquotedbl

To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.

Table 6: Text-Mode Accents ä A¨ á A´ ˙ a˙ A ¯a A¯

\"{A}\"{a} \’{A}\’{a} \.{A}\.{a} \={A}\={a} a A

â Aˆ à A` Aa ¯¯ A ¸ a¸

A . a. ˝a A˝

\^{A}\^{a} \‘{A}\‘{a} \b{A}\b{a} \c{A}\c{a}

\newtie{A}\newtie{a}∗

¡

AO a O

\d{A}\d{a} \H{A}\H{a} \k{A}\k{a}† \r{A}\r{a}

a A ˘ A˘a ˇa Aˇ ã A˜

\t{A}\t{a} \u{A}\u{a} \v{A}\v{a} \~{A}\~{a}

\textcircled{A}\textcircled{a}

∗

Requires the textcomp package.

†

Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1. Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless versions of “i” and “j” (viz., “ı” and “”). These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the dot. For example, “na\"{\i}ve” produces a correct “na¨ıve”, while “na\"{i}ve” would yield the rather odd-looking “naïve”. (“na\"{i}ve” does work in encodings other than OT1, however.)

Table 7: tipa Text-Mode Accents

a A a A A a A< a < A a A a a

A a A a

A

a A a A a A a A a A A a A a A a

\textacutemacron{A}\textacutemacron{a} \textacutewedge{A}\textacutewedge{a} \textadvancing{A}\textadvancing{a} \textbottomtiebar{A}\textbottomtiebar{a} \textbrevemacron{A}\textbrevemacron{a} \textcircumacute{A}\textcircumacute{a} \textcircumdot{A}\textcircumdot{a} \textdotacute{A}\textdotacute{a} \textdotbreve{A}\textdotbreve{a} \textdoublegrave{A}\textdoublegrave{a} \textdoublevbaraccent{A}\textdoublevbaraccent{a} \textgravecircum{A}\textgravecircum{a} \textgravedot{A}\textgravedot{a} \textgravemid{A}\textgravemid{a} \textinvsubbridge{A}\textinvsubbridge{a} \textlowering{A}\textlowering{a} \textmidacute{A}\textmidacute{a}

(continued on next page)

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(continued from previous page)

a A Aa A a A a A a A a a A A a Aa Aa A a Aa

A a A a A a Aa A a Aa Aa A a Aa A a && Aa " a " A >> Aa

a A

\textovercross{A}\textovercross{a} \textoverw{A}\textoverw{a} \textpolhook{A}\textpolhook{a} \textraising{A}\textraising{a} \textretracting{A}\textretracting{a} \textringmacron{A}\textringmacron{a} \textroundcap{A}\textroundcap{a} \textseagull{A}\textseagull{a} \textsubarch{A}\textsubarch{a} \textsubbar{A}\textsubbar{a} \textsubbridge{A}\textsubbridge{a} \textsubdot{A}\textsubdot{a} \textsublhalfring{A}\textsublhalfring{a} \textsubplus{A}\textsubplus{a} \textsubrhalfring{A}\textsubrhalfring{a} \textsubring{A}\textsubring{a} \textsubsquare{A}\textsubsquare{a} \textsubtilde{A}\textsubtilde{a} \textsubumlaut{A}\textsubumlaut{a} \textsubw{A}\textsubw{a} \textsubwedge{A}\textsubwedge{a} \textsuperimposetilde{A}\textsuperimposetilde{a} \textsyllabic{A}\textsyllabic{a} \texttildedot{A}\texttildedot{a} \texttoptiebar{A}\texttoptiebar{a} \textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}

tipa defines shortcut sequences for many of the above. See the tipa documentation for more information.

Table 8: textcomp Symbols ´ ¨ ` ¯ * O

m

\textacutedbl \textasciiacute \textasciibreve \textasciicaron \textasciidieresis \textasciigrave \textasciimacron \textasteriskcentered \textbaht \textbardbl \textbigcircle

M = µ n 9 W ½ 1

\textmarried \textmho \textminus \textmu \textmusicalnote \textnaira \textnineoldstyle \textnumero \textohm \textonehalf \textoneoldstyle


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b ¦ ¢ «

c O

© ¤ ° d ö c

$ _ 8 ¿ 5 4 / < [ l ¬

\textblank \textborn \textbrokenbar \textbullet \textcelsius \textcent \textcentoldstyle \textcircledP \textcolonmonetary \textcopyleft \textcopyright \textcurrency \textdagger \textdaggerdbl \textdblhyphen \textdblhyphenchar \textdegree \textdied \textdiscount \textdiv \textdivorced \textdollar \textdollaroldstyle \textdong \textdownarrow \texteightoldstyle \textestimated \texteuro \textfiveoldstyle \textflorin \textfouroldstyle \textfractionsolidus \textgravedbl \textguarani \textinterrobang \textinterrobangdown \textlangle \textlbrackdbl \textleaf \textleftarrow \textlira \textlnot \textlquill

¼ ¹ a

ª

o

º ¶ · ± '

> ] ¸

r O

® ¡ § 7 6 £ » 3 ¾ ³ ~ Ö

TM

2 ² ^ ¥ 0

\textonequarter \textonesuperior \textopenbullet \textordfeminine \textordmasculine \textparagraph \textperiodcentered \textpertenthousand \textperthousand \textpeso \textpilcrow \textpm \textquotesingle \textquotestraightbase \textquotestraightdblbase \textrangle \textrbrackdbl \textrecipe \textreferencemark \textregistered \textrightarrow \textrquill \textsection \textservicemark \textsevenoldstyle \textsixoldstyle \textsterling \textsurd \textthreeoldstyle \textthreequarters \textthreequartersemdash \textthreesuperior \texttildelow \texttimes \texttrademark \texttwelveudash \texttwooldstyle \texttwosuperior \textuparrow \textwon \textyen \textzerooldstyle

Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available. These symbols are also available in math mode through the use of the mathcomp package. See the mathcomp documentation for usage information.

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Table 9: wasysym Phonetic Symbols D Þ

\DH \Thorn

k U

\dh \inve

l þ

\openo \thorn

Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols

È b c d é g Ü 1 ª 8 Ý 0 ì B ò X Å Ñ Æ Þ ^ ¡ g è Û « 2 C ¢ ¢ý ³ J µ µC ¸ ý dý S } = / {

\textbabygamma \textbarb \textbarc \textbard \textbardotlessj \textbarg \textbarglotstop \textbari \textbarl \textbaro \textbarrevglotstop \textbaru \textbeltl \textbeta \textbullseye \textceltpal \textchi \textcloseepsilon \textcloseomega \textcloserevepsilon \textcommatailz \textcorner \textcrb \textcrd \textcrg \textcrh \textcrinvglotstop \textcrlambda \textcrtwo \textctc \textctd \textctdctzlig \textctesh \textctj \textctn \textctt \textcttctclig \textctyogh \textctz \textdctzlig \textdoublebaresh \textdoublebarpipe \textdoublebarslash \textdoublepipe

P ; » # á ê Á â ä H Ê Î Ò Ó É Ö ÿ Û K Ì « : ´ ¥ ¦ Ô ½ M ñ ë Ð ® Í ¬ ° _ O % F | " ¼ § 7

\textglotstop \texthalflength \texthardsign \texthooktop \texthtb \texthtbardotlessj \texthtc \texthtd \texthtg \texthth \texththeng \texthtk \texthtp \texthtq \texthtscg \texthtt \texthvlig \textinvglotstop \textinvscr \textiota \textlambda \textlengthmark \textlhookt \textlhti \textlhtlongi \textlonglegr \textlptr \textltailm \textltailn \textltilde \textlyoghlig \textnrleg \textObardotlessj \textOlyoghlig \textomega \textopencorner \textopeno \textpalhook \textphi \textpipe \textprimstress \textraiseglotstop \textraisevibyi \textramshorns

í ï ó ù ú ü $ À à £ å Ë @ I ¨ Ï ð × ± ² ö A V Ú Y º Â tC Ù T þ ¶ 5 ¯ 4 © Õ W î ô õ 6 Ø

\textrtaill \textrtailn \textrtailr \textrtails \textrtailt \textrtailz \textrthook \textsca \textscb \textsce \textscg \textsch \textschwa \textsci \textscj \textscl \textscn \textscoelig \textscomega \textscq \textscr \textscripta \textscriptv \textscu \textscy \textsecstress \textsoftsign \textstretchc \texttctclig \textteshlig \texttheta \textthorn \texttslig \textturna \textturncelig \textturnh \textturnk \textturnlonglegr \textturnm \textturnmrleg \textturnr \textturnrrtail \textturnscripta \textturnt


8


Ã dz E S R ¤ G

\textdoublevertline \textdownstep \textdyoghlig \textdzlig \textepsilon \textesh \textfishhookr \textg \textgamma \textglobfall \textglobrise

¿ \ 9 3 Q ¹ Ç Ä ~ ¾ ã

\textrectangle \textrevapostrophe \textreve \textrevepsilon \textrevglotstop \textrevyogh \textrhookrevepsilon \textrhookschwa \textrhoticity \textrptr \textrtaild

2 û L U § · ß Z

\textturnv \textturnw \textturny \textupsilon \textupstep \textvertline \textvibyi \textvibyy \textwynn \textyogh

tipa defines shortcut characters for many of the above. It also defines a command \tone for denoting tone letters (pitches). See the tipa documentation for more information.

Table 11: marvosym Currency Symbols ¢

\Denarius \Ecommerce

¤ d

\EUR \EURcr

D c

\EURdig \EURhv

e ¦

\EURtm \EyesDollar

£ ¡

\Pfund \Shilling

Note that:

\Deleatur is another macro name for \Denarius.

The different euro signs are meant to be compatible with different fonts— Courier (\EURcr), Helvetica (\EURhv), Times (\EURtm), and the marvosym digits listed in Table 49 (\EURdig).

9

2

Mathematical symbols

Most, but not all, of the symbols in this section are math-mode only. That is, they yield a “Missing $ inserted” error message if not used within $. . .$, \[. . .\], or another math-mode environment. Operators marked as “variable-sized” are taller in displayed formulas, shorter in in-text formulas, and possibly shorter still when used in various levels of superscripts or subscripts. Alphanumeric symbols (e.g., “L ” and “Z”) are usually produced using one of the math alphabets in Table 52 rather than with an explicit symbol command. Look there first if you need a symbol for a transform, number set, or some other alphanumeric.

Table 12: Binary Operators q ∗

5 4 • ∩ · ◦ ∗

∪ † ‡ ÷ C ∓

\amalg \ast \bigcirc \bigtriangledown \bigtriangleup \bullet \cap \cdot \circ

\cup \dagger \ddagger \diamond \div \lhd∗ \mp \odot \ominus

⊕ ⊗ ± B \ u t ?

\oplus \oslash \otimes \pm \rhd∗ \setminus \sqcap \sqcup \star

× / . E D ] ∨ ∧ o

\times \triangleleft \triangleright \unlhd∗ \unrhd∗ \uplus \vee \wedge \wr

Not predefined in LATEX 2ε . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.

Table 13: Relation Symbols ≈ ./ a ≡ _ ≥ ∗

\approx \asymp \bowtie \cong \dashv \doteq \equiv \frown \geq \gg

∈ Z ≤ | |= , 3 k ⊥

\in \Join∗ \leq \ll \mid \models \neq \ni \parallel \perp

≺ ∝ ∼ ' ^ @ v A w

\prec \preceq \propto \sim \simeq \smile \sqsubset∗ \sqsubseteq \sqsupset∗ \sqsupseteq

⊂ ⊆ ⊃ ⊇ `

\subset \subseteq \succ \succeq \supset \supseteq \vdash


Table 14: Punctuation Symbols (Math Mode) ,

,

;

;

:

\colon

10

.

\ldotp

·

\cdotp

Table 15: Arrow Symbols ⇓ ↓ ←,→ { ⇐ ← ) ( ⇔ ↔ ∗

\Downarrow \downarrow \hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow \leadsto∗ \Leftarrow \leftarrow \leftharpoondown \leftharpoonup \Leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow

←− ⇐= ←→ ⇐⇒ 7−→ −→ =⇒ 7 → % →

\longleftarrow \Longleftarrow \longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \longmapsto \longrightarrow \Longrightarrow \mapsto \nearrow \nwarrow \rightarrow

⇒ + *

& . ↑ ⇑ m l

\Rightarrow \rightharpoondown \rightharpoonup \rightleftharpoons \searrow \swarrow \uparrow \Uparrow \Updownarrow \updownarrow


Table 16: Miscellaneous LATEX 2ε Symbols ℵ ∠ \ ⊥

\aleph \angle \backslash \bot

` ∅ ∃ [

\ell \emptyset \exists \flat

 ... f ∇

\jmath \ldots \mho∗ \nabla

··· ♣ .. .

\Box∗ \cdots \clubsuit

∀ ~ ♥

\forall \hbar \heartsuit

\ ¬ ∂

\natural \neg \partial

\ddots \Diamond∗ \diamondsuit

= ı ∞

\Im \imath \infty

0 < ]

\prime \Re \sharp

^ ♦ ∗

♠ √ > 4 .. . ℘ k

\spadesuit \surd \top \triangle \vdots \wp \|


T \

\bigcap

S [

\bigcup

JK

\bigodot

LM

\bigoplus

Table 17: Variable-sized Math Operators NO V^ \bigotimes \bigwedge G a F ` \bigsqcup \coprod R Z U ] \biguplus \int I _ H W \bigvee \oint

11

QY

\prod

PX

\sum

Table 18: Log-like Symbols \arccos \arcsin \arctan \arg

\cos \cosh \cot \coth

\csc \deg \det \dim

\exp \gcd \hom \inf

\ker \lg \lim \liminf

\limsup \ln \log \max

\min \Pr \sec \sin

\sinh \sup \tan \tanh

Calling the above “symbols” may be a bit misleading.1 Each log-like symbol merely produces the eponymous textual equivalent, but with proper surrounding spacing. See Section 5.3 for more information.

Table 19: Delimiters ( [ { b h |

      

( [ \{ \lfloor \langle |

) ] } c i k

\rmoustache \arrowvert

↑ ↓ l d /

) ] \} \rfloor \rangle \|

⇑ ⇓ m e \

\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \lceil /

Table 20: Large   \lmoustache w w w w w \Arrowvert

\Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \rceil \backslash

Delimiters   \rgroup      \bracevert

 

\lgroup

Table 21: Math-Mode Accents a´ a¯

\acute{a} \bar{a}

a˘ aˇ

\breve{a} \check{a}

a¨ a˙

\ddot{a} \dot{a}

a` aˆ

\grave{a} \hat{a}

a˜ ~a

\tilde{a} \vec{a}

Also note the existence of \imath and \jmath, which produce dotless versions of “i” and “j”. (See Table 16 on the preceding page.) These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the dot. For example, “\hat{\imath}” produces a correct “ ıˆ ”, while “\hat{i}” would yield the rather odd-looking “ î ”.

g abc ←−− abc abc z}|{ abc √ abc f0 1 Michael

Table 22: Some Other Constructions d \widetilde{abc} abc \widehat{abc} −−→ \overleftarrow{abc} abc \overrightarrow{abc} \overline{abc} abc \underline{abc} \overbrace{abc} \sqrt{abc} f’

abc |{z} √n abc abc xyz

\underbrace{abc} \sqrt[n]{abc} \frac{abc}{xyz}

J. Downes prefers the more general term, “atomic math objects”.

12

Table 23: Greek Letters α β γ δ ε ζ η

\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \varepsilon \zeta \eta

θ ϑ ι κ λ µ ν ξ

\theta \vartheta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi

o π $ ρ % σ ς

o \pi \varpi \rho \varrho \sigma \varsigma

τ υ φ ϕ χ ψ ω

\tau \upsilon \phi \varphi \chi \psi \omega

Γ ∆ Θ

\Gamma \Delta \Theta

Λ Ξ Π

\Lambda \Xi \Pi

Σ Υ Φ

\Sigma \Upsilon \Phi

Ψ Ω

\Psi \Omega

The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters. The symbol “M”, for instance, is used for both an uppercase “m” and an uppercase “µ”.

Table 24: AMS Delimiters p

\ulcorner

q

x

\urcorner

\llcorner

y

\lrcorner

Table 25: AMS Arrows x y c d

⇔ ! W " # (

\circlearrowleft \circlearrowright \curvearrowleft \curvearrowright \dashleftarrow \dashrightarrow \downdownarrows \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \leftarrowtail

⇒

\leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \leftrightharpoons \leftrightsquigarrow \Lleftarrow \looparrowleft \looparrowright \Lsh \multimap \rightarrowtail

\rightleftarrows \rightleftharpoons \rightrightarrows \rightsquigarrow \Rsh \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadrightarrow \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \upuparrows

Table 26: AMS Negated Arrows : 8

\nLeftarrow \nleftarrow

< =

\nLeftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow

; 9

\nRightarrow \nrightarrow

Table 27: AMS Greek z

\digamma

κ

\varkappa

Table 28: AMS Hebrew i

\beth

k

\daleth

‫ג‬

Recall that \aleph appears in Table 16 on page 11. 13

\gimel

Table 29: AMS Log-like Symbols inj lim

\injlim

proj lim

\projlim

lim −−→ lim

\varinjlim

lim

\varlimsup

\varliminf

lim ←−−

\varprojlim

Load the amsmath package to get these symbols. See Section 5.3 for some additional comments regarding log-like symbols.

Table 30: Miscellaneous AMS Symbols ∠ 8 k F N H s

\angle \backprime \Bbbk \bigstar \blacklozenge \blacksquare \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown \circledS

{ ð ` a ~ } ♦

\complement \diagdown \diagup \eth \Finv \Game \hbar \hslash \lozenge

] f @ ^ O ∅ M

\measuredangle \mho \nexists \sphericalangle \square \triangledown \varnothing \vartriangle

Table 31: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode X

\checkmark

r

z

\circledR

\maltese

Table 32: AMS Binary Operators Z e ~

\barwedge \boxdot \boxminus \boxplus \boxtimes \Cap \centerdot \circledast

} d g f > u [

\circledcirc \circleddash \Cup \curlyvee \curlywedge \divideontimes \dotplus \doublebarwedge

14

| h n i o r Y

\intercal \leftthreetimes \ltimes \rightthreetimes \rtimes \smallsetminus \veebar

Table 33: AMS Binary Relations u v w ∵ G J I m l $ 2 3 + P 1 0 ; = > ≫ '

\approxeq \backepsilon \backsim \backsimeq \because \between \blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleright \Bumpeq \bumpeq \circeq \curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \doteqdot \eqcirc \eqslantgtr \eqslantless \fallingdotseq \geqq \geqslant \ggg \gtrapprox

m R T ≷ & 5 6 / l Q S ≶ . ≪ t w 4 : p q a

` @ A b j v < % c k ∴ ≈ ∼ E , D ∝ C B

\gtrdot \gtreqless \gtreqqless \gtrless \gtrsim \leqq \leqslant \lessapprox \lessdot \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \lessgtr \lesssim \lll \pitchfork \precapprox \preccurlyeq \precsim \risingdotseq \shortmid \shortparallel \smallfrown

\smallsmile \sqsubset \sqsupset \Subset \subseteqq \succapprox \succcurlyeq \succsim \Supset \supseteqq \therefore \thickapprox \thicksim \trianglelefteq \triangleq \trianglerighteq \varpropto \vartriangleleft \vartriangleright \Vdash \vDash \Vvdash

Table 34: AMS Negated Binary Relations

≯

\gnapprox \gneq \gneqq \gnsim \gvertneqq \lnapprox \lneq \lneqq \lnsim \lvertneqq \ncong \ngeq \ngeqq \ngeqslant \ngtr \nleq \nleqq

≮ ∦ ⊀ . / / * + # 6 5 7

\nleqslant \nless \nmid \nparallel \nprec \npreceq \nshortmid \nshortparallel \nsim \nsubseteq \nsucc \nsucceq \nsupseteq \nsupseteqq \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \ntriangleright

4 0 2 3 ( $ ) % & ! '

\ntrianglerighteq \nvdash \nvDash \nVDash \precnapprox \precnsim \subsetneq \subsetneqq \succnapprox \succnsim \supsetneq \supsetneqq \varsubsetneq \varsubsetneqq \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneqq

Table 35: stmaryrd Delimiters P V ~

\Lbag \llceil \llbracket

Q W

\Rbag \rrceil \rrbracket

15

N T

\lbag \llfloor

O U

\rbag \rrfloor

Table 36: stmaryrd Arrows ^ ] ⇐=\ ←−[ =⇒

⇐\ ←[ ⇒ 1 0 _ M

\leftarrowtriangle \leftrightarroweq \leftrightarrowtriangle \lightning \Longmapsfrom \longmapsfrom \Longmapsto

\Mapsfrom \mapsfrom \Mapsto \nnearrow \nnwarrow \rightarrowtriangle \rrparenthesis

% $

\shortdownarrow \shortleftarrow \shortrightarrow \shortuparrow \ssearrow \sswarrow

Table 37: stmaryrd Extension Characters Y X

\Arrownot \arrownot \

[

\Mapsfromchar \mapsfromchar

\Mapstochar

Table 38: stmaryrd Binary Operators

N O i k j l . / ' & ) # (

\baro \bbslash \binampersand \bindnasrepma \boxast \boxbar \boxbox \boxbslash \boxcircle \boxdot \boxempty \boxslash \curlyveedownarrow \curlyveeuparrow \curlywedgedownarrow \curlywedgeuparrow \fatbslash \fatsemi \fatslash

9 2 !

` : @ ; = < > ? 3 8 ,

\interleave \leftslice \merge \minuso \moo \nplus \obar \oblong \obslash \ogreaterthan \olessthan \ovee \owedge \rightslice \sslash \talloblong \varbigcirc \varcurlyvee \varcurlywedge

Table 39: Variable-sized stmaryrd Math g o \bigbox \biginterleave \bigcurlyvee \bignplus n f \bigcurlywedge \bigparallel

em bj ck

5 4 6 7 "

\varoast \varobar \varobslash \varocircle \varodot \varogreaterthan \varolessthan \varominus \varoplus \varoslash \varotimes \varovee \varowedge \vartimes \Ydown \Yleft \Yright \Yup

Operators \bigsqcap `h \bigtriangledown i a \bigtriangleup

Table 40: stmaryrd Binary Relations A B D

\inplus \niplus \subsetplus

F E G

\subsetpluseq \supsetplus \supsetpluseq 16

P Q

\trianglelefteqslant \trianglerighteqslant

Table 41: stmaryrd Negated Binary Relations R

\ntrianglelefteqslant

S

\ntrianglerighteqslant

Table 42: Variable-sized wasysym Math Operators $ # uz \iiint \oiint \varoint " w ! r \iint \varint

Table 43: Other wasysym Math-Mode Symbols ? > ^

\apprge \apprle \Box \Diamond \invneg

\Join \leadsto \lhd \LHD \logof

Z { C

f # B @

A E D

\mho \ocircle \rhd \RHD \sqsubset

\sqsupset \unlhd \unrhd \wasypropto

Table 44: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators V W U

\circledbar \circledbslash \circledvee

T M

\circledwedge \invamp \medbullet

} |

\medcirc \sqcapplus \sqcupplus

Table 45: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations S R

D H B

\boxdotLeft \boxdotleft \boxdotright \boxdotRight \boxleft \boxLeft \boxRight \boxright \circleddotleft \circleddotright \circledgtr \circledless \circleleft \circleright \colonapprox \Colonapprox \coloneq \Coloneq \coloneqq

\ 6

\lrtimes \Mappedfromchar \mappedfromchar \mmappedfromchar \Mmappedfromchar \mmapstochar \Mmapstochar \multimapboth \multimapbothvert \multimapdot \multimapdotboth \multimapdotbothA \multimapdotbothAvert \multimapdotbothB \multimapdotbothBvert \multimapdotbothvert \multimapdotinv \multimapinv \napproxeq

9 ; a @ b A > " 8 % : ? 5 h g

\npreceqq \nprecsim \nsimeq \nsqsubset \nsqsubseteq \nsqsupset \nsqsupseteq \nSubset \nsubseteqq \nsuccapprox \nsucccurlyeq \nsucceqq \nsuccsim \nSupset \nthickapprox \ntwoheadleftarrow \ntwoheadrightarrow \nvarparallel \nvarparallelinv


17


F e I E G C h f X

\Coloneqq \colonsim \Colonsim \dashleftrightarrow \Diamonddotleft \DiamonddotLeft \Diamonddotright \DiamonddotRight \Diamondleft \DiamondLeft \Diamondright \DiamondRight \Eqcolon \eqcolon \Eqqcolon \eqqcolon \eqsim \leftsquigarrow \lJoin

* + ) ( t . 4 # & ! " ' 3 < = 7 $

\nasymp \nbacksim \nbacksimeq \nBumpeq \nbumpeq \Nearrow \nequiv \ngg \ngtrapprox \ngtrless \ngtrsim \nlessapprox \nlessgtr \nlesssim \nll \notin \notni \nprecapprox \npreccurlyeq

\nVdash \Nwarrow \openJoin \opentimes \Perp \preceqq \precneqq \rJoin \Rrightarrow \Searrow \strictfi \strictif \strictiff \succeqq \succneqq \Swarrow \varparallel \varparallelinv \VvDash

1 v [ ] y Y V u K J L w ∥

Table 46: txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters α β χ δ η γ ι κ

\alphaup \betaup \chiup \deltaup \epsilonup \etaup \gammaup \iotaup \kappaup

λ µ ν ω φ π ψ ρ σ

\lambdaup \muup \nuup \omegaup \phiup \piup \psiup \rhoup \sigmaup

τ θ υ ε 1 ϕ $ % ς

18

\tauup \thetaup \upsilonup \varepsilonup \varg \varphiup \varpiup \varrhoup \varsigmaup

ϑ ξ ζ

\varthetaup \xiup \zetaup

Table 47: Variable-sized txfonts/pxfonts Math Operators \bigsqcapplus \ointclockwise

\bigsqcupplus \ointctrclockwise ? > R S \fint \sqiiint ' ( P Q \idotsint \sqiint & % \iiiint \sqint G $ F # \varoiiintclockwise \iiint " O ! N \iint \varoiiintctrclockwise L M B C \oiiintclockwise \varoiintclockwise D E J K \oiiintctrclockwise \varoiintctrclockwise * . ) \oiiint \varointclockwise I , H + \oiintclockwise \varointctrclockwise A @ \oiintctrclockwise \varprod \oiint

Table 48: Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Symbols \Diamondblack \Diamonddot \lambdabar

_ o

n ¢ £

\lambdaslash \mathcent \mathsterling

p q r

\varclubsuit \vardiamondsuit \varheartsuit

s

\varspadesuit

Table 49: marvosym Math Symbols 0 1

2 3

\MVZero \MVOne W =

\MVTwo \MVThree

\Anglesign \Corresponds

÷ p

4 5

\MVFour \MVFive

\Squaredot \Vectorarrow

6 7 P

\MVSix \MVSeven

8 9

\MVEight \MVNine

\Vectorarrowhigh

Table 50: ar Aspect Ratio Symbol

A

\blitza

\AR

Table 51: ulsy Contradiction and Other Symbols \blitzb

\blitzc

19

\blitzd

\blitze

\odplus

Table 52: Math Alphabets ABCdef123 ABCdef123 ABCde f 123 ABC ABC ABC or ABCdef123 ABC

ABCdef123

ABCdef12 ABCdef12 ABCdef12

ABC1 ABC1

ABCdef123 ABCdef123

ABCdef123

∗

\mathrm{ABCdef123} \mathit{ABCdef123} \mathnormal{ABCdef123} \mathcal{ABC} \mathscr{ABC} \mathcal{ABC} \mathscr{ABC} \mathpzc{ABCdef123} \mathbb{ABC} \mathbb{ABCdef123} \mathbbm{ABCdef12} \mathbbmss{ABCdef12} \mathbbmtt{ABCdef12} \mathds{ABC1} \mathds{ABC1} \mathfrak{ABCdef123} \textfrak{ABCdef123} \textswab{ABCdef123}

Required package none none none none mathrsfs euscript with option: mathcal euscript with option: mathcr none; manually defined∗ amsfonts or amssymb bbold bbm bbm bbm dsfont dsfont with option: sans eufrak yfonts yfonts

Put “\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathpzc}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}” in your document’s preamble to make \mathpzc typeset its argument in Zapf Chancery.

20

3

Science and technology symbols

This section lists symbols that are employed in various branches of science and engineering (and, because we were extremely liberal in our classification, astrology, too).

Table 53: wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols :

\AC

@

\VHF

::::

\photon

:

\HF

QPPPPPPR

\gluon

Table 54: wasysym Astronomical Symbols ♁ #

\ascnode \astrosun \descnode \earth \fullmoon

X $ ♂ ' [

\jupiter \leftmoon \mars \mercury \neptune

♀

\newmoon \pluto \rightmoon \saturn \uranus

\ % Y Z

\venus \vernal

Table 55: wasysym APL Symbols ~ F o }

\APLbox \APLcomment \APLdown \APLdownarrowbox \APLinput

÷ ~ p −

q

\APLinv \APLleftarrowbox \APLlog \APLminus \APLrightarrowbox

E

n − \ − /

\APLstar \APLup \APLuparrowbox \notbackslash \notslash

Table 56: wasysym APL Modifiers ◦ \APLcirc{} ∼ \APLnot{}

|

\APLvert{}

Table 57: marvosym Engineering Symbols " # › • % –

\Beam \Bearing \Circpipe \Circsteel \Fixedbearing \Flatsteel

l ’ & L $ ™

\Force \Hexasteel \Lefttorque \Lineload \Loosebearing \Lsteel

‘ ˜ ” ' Ÿ

\Octosteel \Rectpipe \Rectsteel \Righttorque \RoundedLsteel \RoundedTsteel

— “ œ š

\RoundedTTsteel \Squarepipe \Squaresteel \Tsteel \TTsteel

Table 58: marvosym Biological Symbols ~ „

\Female \FEMALE \FemaleFemale

… }

\FemaleMale \Hermaphrodite \HERMAPHRODITE

21

‚ | ƒ

\MALE \Male \MaleMale

{

\Neutral

Table 59: marvosym Astronomical Symbols Â Ã Ê

Ä Å Æ

\Mercury \Venus \Earth

\Mars \Jupiter \Saturn

Ç È É

À Á

\Uranus \Neptune \Pluto

\Sun \Moon

Table 60: marvosym Astrological Symbols à á â

\Aries \Taurus \Gemini

ã ä å

\Cancer \Leo \Virgo

æ ç è

é ê ë

\Libra \Scorpio \Sagittarius

\Capricorn \Aquarius \Pisces

Note that \Aries . . . \Pisces can also be specified with \Zodiac{1} . . . \Zodiac{12} .

Table 61: marvosym Communication Symbols k z

\Email \Emailct

t u

\fax \FAX

v B

\Faxmachine \Letter

E H

A T

\Lightning \Mobilefone

\Pickup \Telefon

Table 62: marvosym Safety-Related Symbols h n

\Biohazard \BSEfree

C J

\CEsign \Estatically

` a

\Explosionsafe \Laserbeam

j !

\Radioactivity \Stopsign

Table 63: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols Í Ï

! &

\ComputerMouse \Keyboard

Ñ Ò

\ParallelPort \Printer

Î Ð

\SerialInterface \SerialPort

Table 64: ifsym Pulse Diagram Symbols

\FallingEdge \LongPulseHigh

' $

\LongPulseLow \PulseHigh

%

\PulseLow \RaisingEdge

" #

\ShortPulseHigh \ShortPulseLow

In addition, within \textifsym{. . .}, the following codes are valid:

l L

l L

m M

m M

h H

h H

d D

d D

< =

< <<

This enables one to write “\textifsym{mmmm}” to get “ “\textifsym{L|H|L|H|L}” to get “ ”.

L|H|L|H|L

> ?

> >>

mmmm” or

Finally, \textifsym supports the display of segmented digits, as would appear on an LCD: “\textifsym{-123.456}” produces “ ”. “\textifsym{b}” outputs a blank with the same width as an “ ”.

8

22

-123.456

4

Other symbols

The following are all the symbols that didn’t fit neatly or unambiguously into any of the previous sections. (Do weather symbols belong under “Science and technology”? Should dice be considered “mathematics”? Are checkboxes and smiley faces possibly body-text symbols?) While some of the tables contain clearly related groups of symbols (e.g., musical notes), others represent motley assortments of whatever the font designer felt like drawing.

Table 65: wasysym General Symbols 0 m

1 | ¢

¤ L ♀ / 6

\agemO \ataribox \bell \blacksmiley \Bowtie \brokenvert \cent \checked

\clock \currency \diameter \DOWNarrow \female \frownie \invdiameter \kreuz

♂ h

\LEFTarrow \lightning \male \permil \phone \pointer \recorder \RIGHTarrow

, ☼ K ◊ ∴

\smiley \sun \UParrow \varangle \wasylozenge \wasytherefore

B

\varhexstar

Table 66: wasysym Polygons and Stars 2 4

\CheckedBox \Square \XBox

C 7 A

8 D 9

\davidsstar \hexagon \hexstar

\octagon \pentagon \varhexagon

Table 67: wasysym Musical Notes

\eighthnote

\halfnote

\twonotes

\fullnote

♩

\quarternote

Table 68: wasysym Circles # G

\CIRCLE \Circle \LEFTCIRCLE

G # I H

H # J "

\LEFTcircle \Leftcircle \RIGHTCIRCLE

\RIGHTcircle \Rightcircle \leftturn

!

\rightturn

Table 69: pifont Commands for Accessing Zapf Dingbats

✁ ✂ ✃ ✄ ☎ ✆

\ding{33} \ding{34} \ding{35} \ding{36} \ding{37} \ding{38}

✧ ★ ✩ ✪ ✫ ✬


❍ ■ ❏ ❐ ❑ ❒


⑩ ❶ ❷ ❸ ❹ ❺


➛ ➜ ➝ ➞ ➟ ➠



23


✇ ✈ ✉ ☛ ☞ ✌ ✍ ✎ ✏ ✐ ✑ ✒ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✖ ✗ ✘ ✙ ✚ ✛ ✜ ✝ ✞ ✟ ✠ ✡ ✢ ✣ ✤ ✥ ✦

\ding{39} \ding{40} \ding{41} \ding{42} \ding{43} \ding{44} \ding{45} \ding{46} \ding{47} \ding{48} \ding{49} \ding{50} \ding{51} \ding{52} \ding{53} \ding{54} \ding{55} \ding{56} \ding{57} \ding{58} \ding{59} \ding{60} \ding{61} \ding{62} \ding{63} \ding{64} \ding{65} \ding{66} \ding{67} \ding{68} \ding{69} \ding{70}

✭ ✮ ✯ ✰ ✱ ✲ ✳ ✴ ✵ ✶ ✷ ✸ ✹ ✺ ✻ ✼ ✽ ✾ ✿ ❀ ❁ ❂ ❃ ❄ ❅ ❆ ❇ ❈ ❉ ❊ ❋ ●


▲ ▼ ◆ ❖ ◗ ❘ ❙ ❚ ❛ ❜ ❝ ❞ ❡ ❢ ❣ ❤ ❥ ❦ ❧ ♣ ♦ ♥ ♠ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨


❻ ❼ ❽ ❾ ❿ ➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➅ ➆ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➊ ➋ ➌ ➍ ➎ ➏ ➐ ➑ ➒ ➓ ➔ → ↔ ↕ ➘ ➙ ➚


➡ ➢ ➣ ➤ ➥ ➦ ➧ ➨ ➩ ➪ ➫ ➬ ➭ ➮ ➯ ➱ ➲ ➳ ➴ ➵ ➶ ➷ ➸ ➹ ➺ ➻ ➼ ➽ ➾

\ding{225} \ding{226} \ding{227} \ding{228} \ding{229} \ding{230} \ding{231} \ding{232} \ding{233} \ding{234} \ding{235} \ding{236} \ding{237} \ding{238} \ding{239} \ding{241} \ding{242} \ding{243} \ding{244} \ding{245} \ding{246} \ding{247} \ding{248} \ding{249} \ding{250} \ding{251} \ding{252} \ding{253} \ding{254}

Table 70: marvosym Information Symbols ® V U K X

\Bicycle \Checkedbox \Clocklogo \Coffeecup \Crossedbox

s r q o x

\Cutleft \Cutline \Cutright \Football \Gentsroom

I i R y S

\Industry \Info \Kutline \Ladiesroom \Leftscissors

Z Q w b

\Pointinghand \Rightscissors \Wheelchair \Writinghand

Table 71: marvosym Navigation Symbols · ¸ ¹

\Forward \ForwardToEnd \ForwardToIndex

» º ¶

\MoveDown \MoveUp \Rewind

24

´ µ ½

\RewindToIndex \RewindToStart \ToBottom

¼

\ToTop

Table 72: marvosym Laundry Symbols Ø Ó Õ Ë « ¾ ¿ ¬ Ý

Ü ¯ ° ± Ì ¨ ² × Ù

\AtForty \AtNinetyFive \AtSixty \Bleech \CleaningA \CleaningF \CleaningFF \CleaningP \CleaningPP \Dontwash

\Handwash \IroningI \IroningII \IroningIII \NoBleech \NoChemicalCleaning \NoIroning \NoTumbler \ShortFifty \ShortForty

Ô Ö Û Ú ‰ Š ‹

\ShortNinetyFive \ShortSixty \ShortThirty \SpecialForty \Tumbler \WashCotton \WashSynthetics \WashWool

Table 73: Other marvosym Symbols ˆ ý ¥ ‡ ª ∗

\Ankh \Bat \Bouquet \Celtcross \CircledA

† F f §

\Cross \FHBOlogo \FHBOLOGO \Frowny \FullFHBO

Œ ÿ m @ :

\Heart \MartinVogel \Mundus \MVAt \Rightarrow∗

© þ Y

\Smiley \Womanface \Yinyang

Standard LATEX 2ε defines \Rightarrow to display “⇒”, while marvosym redefines it to display “:” (or “:” in math mode). This conflict can be problematic for math symbols defined in terms of \Rightarrow, such as \Longleftrightarrow, which ends up looking like “⇐ :”.

Table 74: manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols

\dbend

~

\lhdbend

\reversedvideodbend

Note that these symbols descend far beneath the baseline. manfnt also defines nondescending versions, which it calls, correspondingly, \textdbend, \textlhdbend, and \textreversedvideodbend.

Table 75: Other manfnt Symbols $ % # y !

\manboldkidney \manconcentriccircles \manconcentricdiamond \mancone \mancube \manerrarrow \manfilledquartercircle \manhpennib \manimpossiblecube \mankidney \manlhpenkidney

& ' " 7 x 6

25

\manpenkidney \manquadrifolium \manquartercircle \manrotatedquadrifolium \manrotatedquartercircle \manstar \mantiltpennib \mantriangledown \mantriangleright \mantriangleup \manvpennib

* 4 . + N A B X C D 0 / Z S Y H I F E R

Table 76: bbding Scissors \ScissorHollowLeft \ScissorHollowRight \ScissorLeft \ScissorLeftBrokenBottom

\ScissorLeftBrokenTop \ScissorRight \ScissorRightBrokenBottom \ScissorRightBrokenTop

Table 77: bbding Hands \HandCuffLeft \HandCuffLeftUp \HandCuffRight

\HandCuffRightUp \HandLeft \HandLeftUp

\HandPencilLeft \HandRight \HandRightUp

Table 78: bbding Pencils and Nibs \NibLeft \NibRight \NibSolidLeft \NibSolidRight

\PencilLeft \PencilLeftDown \PencilLeftUp \PencilRight

\PencilRightDown \PencilRightUp

Table 79: bbding Crosses, Plusses, and Xs \Cross \CrossBoldOutline \CrossClowerTips \CrossMaltese \CrossOpenShadow

, ' ( & )

\CrossOutline \Plus \PlusCenterOpen \PlusOutline \PlusThinCenterOpen

# $ %

\XSolid \XSolidBold \XSolidBrush

Table 80: bbding Stars, Flowers, Snowflakes, and Similar Shapes \Asterisk \AsteriskBold \AsteriskCenterOpen \AsteriskRoundedEnds \AsteriskThin \AsteriskThinCenterOpen \DavidStar \DavidStarSolid \EightAsterisk \EightFlowerPetal \EightFlowerPetalRemoved \EightStar \EightStarBold \EightStarConvex \EightStarTaper \FiveFlowerOpen

P 8 ; ? 7 9 : < = > @ 1 V W 5 6

\FiveFlowerPetal \FiveStar \FiveStarCenterOpen \FiveStarConvex \FiveStarLines \FiveStarOpen \FiveStarOpenCircled \FiveStarOpenDotted \FiveStarOutline \FiveStarOutlineHeavy \FiveStarShadow \FourAsterisk \FourClowerOpen \FourClowerSolid \FourStar \FourStarOpen 26

2 3 O U M Q L [ G K ` ^ _ ] \ J

\JackStar \JackStarBold \SixFlowerAlternate \SixFlowerAltPetal \SixFlowerOpenCenter \SixFlowerPetalDotted \SixFlowerPetalRemoved \SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal \SixStar \SixteenStarLight \Snowflake \SnowflakeChevron \SnowflakeChevronBold \Sparkle \SparkleBold \TwelweStar

d a p b e c s r

\CircleShadow \CircleSolid \DiamondSolid \Ellipse \EllipseShadow \EllipseSolid \HalfCircleLeft \HalfCircleRight

y { z w x

Table 81: bbding Geometric Shapes

q u v t f k m l

h j i g o n

\OrnamentDiamondSolid \Rectangle \RectangleBold \RectangleThin \Square \SquareCastShadowBottomRight \SquareCastShadowTopLeft \SquareCastShadowTopRight

\SquareShadowBottomRight \SquareShadowTopLeft \SquareShadowTopRight \SquareSolid \TriangleDown \TriangleUp

Table 82: Other bbding Symbols \ArrowBoldDownRight \ArrowBoldRightCircled \ArrowBoldRightShort \ArrowBoldRightStrobe \ArrowBoldUpRight

! "

\Checkmark \CheckmarkBold \Envelope \Peace \Phone

T

\PhoneHandset \Plane \SunshineOpenCircled \Tape

Table 83: ifsym Weather Symbols ! $ #

\Blitz \Cloud \FilledCloud \FilledRainCloud \FilledSnowCloud \FilledSunCloud

"

\FilledWeakRainCloud \Fog \Graupel \Hagel \HalfSun \NoSun

\Rain \RainCloud \Snow \SnowCloud \Sun \SunCloud

\ThinFog \WeakRain \WeakRainCloud

In addition, \Thermo{0}. . .\Thermo{6} produce thermometers that are between 0/6 and 6/6 full of mercury: Similarly, \wind{hsuni}{hanglei}{hstrengthi} will draw wind symbols with a given amount of sun (0–4), a given angle (in degrees), and a given strength in km/h (0– 100). For example, \wind{0}{0}{0} produces “ 0 ”, \wind{2}{0}{0} produces “ 0 ”, and \wind{4}{0}{100} produces “ : ”.

\FilledHut \Flag \HalfFilledHut \Hut \IceMountain

Table 84: ifsym Alpine Symbols \Joch \Mountain \StoneMan \Summit \SummitSign

27

\Tent \VarFlag \VarIceMountain \VarMountain \VarSummit

\Vermessung \Village

\Interval \StopWatchEnd

Table 85: ifsym Clocks \StopWatchStart \Taschenuhr

\VarClock

\Wecker

\VarTaschenuhr

ifsym also exports a \showclock macro. \showclock{hhoursi}{hminutesi} outputs a clock displaying the corresponding time. For instance, “\showclock{5}{40}” produces “ ”. hhoursi must be an integer from 0 to 11, and hminutesi must be an integer multiple of 5 from 0 to 55.

D

%

& _ / # " $ ! 5 6 U V P S R

Table 86: ifsym Geometric Shapes \BigCircle \BigCross \BigDiamondshape \BigHBar \BigLowerDiamond \BigRightDiamond \BigSquare \BigTriangleDown \BigTriangleLeft \BigTriangleRight \BigTriangleUp \BigVBar \Circle \Cross \DiamondShadowA \DiamondShadowB \DiamondShadowC \Diamondshape \FilledBigCircle \FilledBigDiamondshape \FilledBigSquare \FilledBigTriangleDown \FilledBigTriangleLeft

T Q e f u v p s r t q ` c b d a o ?

\FilledBigTriangleRight \FilledBigTriangleUp \FilledCircle \FilledDiamondShadowA \FilledDiamondShadowC \FilledDiamondshape \FilledSmallCircle \FilledSmallDiamondshape \FilledSmallSquare \FilledSmallTriangleDown \FilledSmallTriangleLeft \FilledSmallTriangleRight \FilledSmallTriangleUp \FilledSquare \FilledSquareShadowA \FilledSquareShadowC \FilledTriangleDown \FilledTriangleLeft \FilledTriangleRight \FilledTriangleUp \HBar \LowerDiamond \RightDiamond

E F O @ C B D A * ) 0 3 2 4 1

\SmallCircle \SmallCross \SmallDiamondshape \SmallHBar \SmallLowerDiamond \SmallRightDiamond \SmallSquare \SmallTriangleDown \SmallTriangleLeft \SmallTriangleRight \SmallTriangleUp \SmallVBar \SpinDown \SpinUp \Square \SquareShadowA \SquareShadowB \SquareShadowC \TriangleDown \TriangleLeft \TriangleRight \TriangleUp \VBar

The ifsym documentation points out that one can use \rlap to combine some of the above into useful, new symbols. For example, \BigCircle and \FilledSmallCircle combine to give “ ”. Likewise, \Square and \Cross combine to give “ ”.

0

%u

28

: ::

Table 87: Other ifsym Symbols \FilledSectioningDiamond \Fire \Irritant \StrokeOne \StrokeTwo

::: :::

\Letter \PaperLandscape \PaperPortrait \StrokeThree \StrokeFour

( ;

\Radiation \SectioningDiamond \Telephone \StrokeFive

In addition, \Cube{1}. . .\Cube{6} produce dice with the corresponding number of spots:

29

5

Additional Information

Unlike the previous sections of this document, Section 5 does not contain lists of symbols. Rather, it provides additional help in using the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List. First, it makes a few points about symbol names used by multiple packages. Then, it provides some guidelines for finding symbols and gives some examples regarding how to construct missing symbols out of existing ones. Next, it comments on spacing around symbols in math mode. And finally, it lists some statistics about this document itself.

5.1

Symbol Name Clashes

Unfortunately, a number of symbol names are not unique; they appear in more than one package. Depending on how the symbols are defined in each package, LATEX will either output an error message or replace an earlierdefined symbol with a later-defined symbol. Table 88 lists the name clashes that appear in this document. The symbol “N/A” is used to indicate that the corresponding package was not available when symbols.tex was compiled. Table 88: Symbol Name Clashes Symbol \angle \bigtriangledown \bigtriangleup \Circle \Cross \Letter \lightning \Rightarrow \rightleftharpoons \Square \Sun \TriangleDown \TriangleUp

LATEX 2ε

AMS

∠ 5 4

∠

stmaryrd

wasysym

marvosym

bbding

ifsym

† B

*

5

f o n

0 3 1

` a #

⇒

:

À

Using multiple symbols with the same name in the same document—or even simply loading conflicting symbol packages—can be tricky, but, as evidenced by this document, not impossible. The general procedure is to load the first package, rename the conflicting symbols, and then load the second package. Examine the LATEX source for this document—especially the \savesymbol and \restoresymbol macros and their subsequent usage—to see one possible way to handle symbol conflicts. txfonts and pxfonts redefine a huge number of symbols—essentially, all the symbols defined by latexsym, textcomp, the various AMS symbol sets, and LATEX 2ε itself. The txfonts and pxfonts conflicts are not listed in Table 88 because they are designed to be compatible with the symbols they replace. Table 89 illustrates what “compatible” means in this context. Table 89: Example of a Benign Name Clash Symbol R \textrecipe

Default (Computer Modern)

txfonts (Times Roman)

R

R

To use the new txfonts/pxfonts symbols without altering the document’s main font, merely reset the default font families back to their original values after loading one of those packages: \renewcommand\rmdefault{cmr} 30

\renewcommand\sfdefault{cmss} \renewcommand\ttdefault{cmtt}

5.2

Where can I find the symbol for . . . ?

If you can’t find some symbol you’re looking for in this document, there are a few possible explanations:

The symbol isn’t intuitively named. As a few examples, the command to draw dice is “\Cube”; a plus sign with a circle around it (“exclusive or” to computer engineers) is “\oplus”; and lightning bolts in fonts designed by German speakers may have “blitz” in their names. The moral of the story is to be creative with synonyms when searching the index.

The symbol is defined by some package that was overlooked (or deemed unimportant) by the authors of this document. If there’s some symbol package you think should be included in the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List, please send e-mail to the address listed on the title page.

The symbol isn’t defined in any package whatsoever.

Even in the last case, all is not lost; some symbols can be fabricated out of existing symbols. The LATEX 2ε source file called fontdef.dtx contains a number of such definitions. For example, \models (see Table 13 on page 10) is defined in that file with: \def\models{\mathrel|\joinrel=} where \mathrel and \joinrel are used to control the horizontal spacing. (See The TEXbook for more information on those commands.) With some simple pattern-matching, one can easily define a backward \models sign (“=|”): \def\ismodeledby{=\joinrel\mathrel|} As another example, fontdef.dtx composes the \ddots symbol (see Table 16 on page 11) out of three periods, raised 7 pt., 4 pt., and 1 pt., respectively: \def\ddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise7\p@ \vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu \raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}} \p@ is a LATEX 2ε shortcut for “1.0pt”. The remaining commands are defined in The TEXbook. To draw a version of \ddots with the dots going along the opposite diagonal, we merely have to reorder the \raise7\p@, \raise4\p@, and \raise\p@: \makeatletter \def\revddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise\p@ \vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu \raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise7\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}} \makeatother (The \makeatletter and \makeatother commands are needed to coerce LATEX into accepting “@” as part of a macro name.) As a final example of creating new symbols out of existing ones, the following code defines a principal value integral symbol, which is an integral sign with a line through it: \def\Xint#1{\mathchoice {\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}% {\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}% {\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}% {\XXint\scriptscriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}% \!\int} \def\XXint#1#2#3{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$} \vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}} \def\ddashint{\Xint=} \def\dashint{\Xint-} 31

R R \dashint produces a single-dashed integral sign (“− ”), while \ddashint produces a double-dashed one (“= ”). The same technique can be used to produce, for example, clockwise and counterclockwise contour integrals. (Search the comp.text.tex archives for a post by Donald Arseneau that says exactly how.) The preceding code was taken verbatim from the UK TEX Users’ Group FAQ (http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq).

5.3

Math-mode spacing

Terms such as “binary operators”, “relations”, and “punctuation” in Section 2 primarily regard the surrounding spacing. To use an symbol for a different purpose, you can use the TEX commands \mathord, \mathop, \mathbin, \mathrel, \mathopen, \mathclose, and \mathpunct. For example, if you want to use \downarrow as a variable (an “ordinary” symbol) instead of a delimiter, you can write “$3 x + \mathord{\downarrow}$” to get the properly spaced “3x + ↓” rather than the awkward-looking “3x+ ↓”. See The TEXbook for more information. The purpose of the “log-like symbols” in Tables 18 and 29 is to provide the correct amount of spacing around and within multiletter function names. Table 90 contrasts the output of the log-like symbols with various, na¨ıve alternatives. In addition to spacing, the log-like symbols also handle subscripts properly. For example, “\max_{p \in P}” produces “max p∈P ” in text, but “max” as part of a displayed formula. p∈P

Table 90: Spacing Around/Within Log-like Symbols

5.4

LATEX expression

Output

$r \sin \theta$ $r sin \theta$ $r \mbox{sin} \theta$

r sin θ (best) rsinθ rsinθ

About this document

Table 91 lists some of this document’s build characteristics. Most important is the list of packages that LATEX couldn’t find, but that symbols.tex otherwise would have been able to take advantage of. Complete, prebuilt versions of this document are available from CTAN (http://www.ctan.org) in the directory info/symbols/comprehensive. Table 91: Document Characteristics Characteristic

Value

Source file: Build date: Symbols documented: Packages included:

symbols.tex March 10, 2001 2010 textcomp latexsym amssymb stmaryrd euscript wasysym pifont marvosym manfnt bbding ifsym tipa ulsy ar txfonts yfonts mathrsfs zapfchan bbold dsfont bbm none

Packages omitted:

32

Index If you’re having trouble locating a symbol, try looking under “T” for “\text. . .”. Many text-mode commands begin with that prefix.

\" \# \$ \% \& \’ ( ) , \. / ; [ ] \^ \_ \‘ \~

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Symbols ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A \AA . . . . . . . . . . . \aa . . . . . . . . . . . \AC . . . . . . . . . . . accents . . . . . . . . \acute . . . . . . . . \AE . . . . . . . . . . . \ae . . . . . . . . . . . \agemO . . . . . . . . airplane . . . . . . . \aleph . . . . . . . . \alpha . . . . . . . . alphabets Greek . . . . . Hebrew . . . . math . . . . . . phonetic . . . \alphaup . . . . . . alpine symbols . . . \amalg . . . . . . . . AMS . . . . . . . . . . amsfonts . . . . . . . amsmath . . . . . . . amssymb . . . . . . . \angle . . . . . . . . \Anglesign . . . . . \Ankh . . . . . . . . . APL modifiers . . . symbols . . . . \APLbox . . . . . . . \APLcirc . . . . . . \APLcomment . . . . \APLdown . . . . . . \APLdownarrowbox \APLinput . . . . . . \APLinv . . . . . . . \APLleftarrowbox

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

5 4 4 4 4 5 12 12 10 . 5 12 10 12 12 . 5 . 4 . 5 . 5

... 4 ... 4 . . 21 5, 12 . . 12 ... 4 ... 4 . . 23 . . 23 11, 13 . . . 13

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . 13, 18 . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . 20 ........ 8 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . 10 . . 13–15, 30 . . 10, 11, 20 . . . . . . . 14 10, 11, 20, 32 . . . 11, 14, 30 . . . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

\APLlog . . . . . . . . . . . . . \APLminus . . . . . . . . . . . . \APLnot . . . . . . . . . . . . . \APLrightarrowbox . . . . . \APLstar . . . . . . . . . . . . \APLup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \APLuparrowbox . . . . . . . \APLvert . . . . . . . . . . . . \apprge . . . . . . . . . . . . . \apprle . . . . . . . . . . . . . \approx . . . . . . . . . . . . . \approxeq . . . . . . . . . . . . \Aquarius . . . . . . . . . . . . \AR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \arccos . . . . . . . . . . . . . \arcsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . \arctan . . . . . . . . . . . . . \arg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Aries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ArrowBoldDownRight . . . \ArrowBoldRightCircled . \ArrowBoldRightShort . . \ArrowBoldRightStrobe . \ArrowBoldUpRight . . . . . arrowheads . . . . . . . . . . . \Arrownot . . . . . . . . . . . . \arrownot . . . . . . . . . . . . arrows . . . . . 11, 13, 16, negated . . . . . . . . . . \Arrowvert . . . . . . . . . . . \arrowvert . . . . . . . . . . . ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ascnode . . . . . . . . . . . . aspect ratio . . . . . . . . . . . \ast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Asterisk . . . . . . . . . . . . \AsteriskBold . . . . . . . . \AsteriskCenterOpen . . . \AsteriskRoundedEnds . . asterisks . . . . . . . . . . . . \AsteriskThin . . . . . . . . \AsteriskThinCenterOpen astrological symbols . . . . . astronomical symbols . . . \astrosun . . . . . . . . . . . . \asymp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ataribox . . . . . . . . . . . . \AtForty . . . . . . . . . . . . \AtNinetyFive . . . . . . . . \AtSixty . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . 21 . . 21 . . 21 . . 21 . . 21 . . 21 . . 21 . . 21 . . 17 . . 17 . . 10 . . 15 . . 22 . . 19 19, 32 . . 12 . . 12 . . 12 . . 12 . . 22 . . 27 . . 27 . . 27 . . 27 . . 27 . . 23 . . 16 . . 16 23, 27 . . 13 . . 12 . . 12 ... 4 . . 21 . . 19 . . 10 . . 26 . . 26 . . 26 . . 26 23, 26 . . 26 . . 26 . . 22 21, 22 . . 21 . . 10 . . 23 . . 25 . . 25 . . 25

B \b . . . . . . . . . \backepsilon \backprime . . \backsim . . . \backsimeq . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

33

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. 5 15 14 15 15

\backslash . . . . . . . . . . \bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \baro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \barwedge . . . . . . . . . . . . \Bat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Bbbk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bbding . . . . . . . . 26, 27, bbm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bbold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \bbslash . . . . . . . . . . . . \Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . \because . . . . . . . . . . . . \bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \beta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \betaup . . . . . . . . . . . . . \beth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \between . . . . . . . . . . . . \Bicycle . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigcirc . . . . . . . . . . . . \BigCircle . . . . . . . . . . . \BigCross . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigcup . . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigcurlyvee . . . . . . . . . \bigcurlywedge . . . . . . . \BigDiamondshape . . . . . . \BigHBar . . . . . . . . . . . . \biginterleave . . . . . . . \BigLowerDiamond . . . . . . \bignplus . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigodot . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigoplus . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigotimes . . . . . . . . . . . \bigparallel . . . . . . . . . \BigRightDiamond . . . . . . \bigsqcap . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigsqcapplus . . . . . . . . \bigsqcup . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigsqcupplus . . . . . . . . \BigSquare . . . . . . . . . . . \bigstar . . . . . . . . . . . . \BigTriangleDown . . . . . . \bigtriangledown . . . 10, \BigTriangleLeft . . . . . . \BigTriangleRight . . . . . \BigTriangleUp . . . . . . . \bigtriangleup . . . . 10, \biguplus . . . . . . . . . . . . \BigVBar . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigvee . . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigwedge . . . . . . . . . . . . \binampersand . . . . . . . . binary operators . 10, 14, binary relations . . . . . . . negated . . . . . . . . .

11, 12 . . 12 . . 16 . . 23 . . 14 . . 25 . . 14 30, 32 20, 32 20, 32 . . 16 . . 21 . . 21 . . 15 . . 23 . . 13 . . 18 . . 13 . . 15 . . 24 . . 16 . . 11 . . 10 . . 28 . . 28 . . 11 . . 16 . . 16 . . 28 . . 28 . . 16 . . 28 . . 16 . . 11 . . 11 . . 11 . . 16 . . 28 . . 16 . . 19 . . 11 . . 19 . . 28 . . 14 . . 28 16, 30 . . 28 . . 28 . . 28 16, 30 . . 11 . . 28 . . 11 . . 11 . . 16 16, 17 15–17 15, 17

\bindnasrepma . . . . . \Biohazard . . . . . . . . biological symbols . . . \blacklozenge . . . . . \blacksmiley . . . . . . \blacksquare . . . . . . \blacktriangle . . . . \blacktriangledown . \blacktriangleleft . \blacktriangleright \Bleech . . . . . . . . . . \Blitz . . . . . . . . . . . \blitza . . . . . . . . . . \blitzb . . . . . . . . . . \blitzc . . . . . . . . . . \blitzd . . . . . . . . . . \blitze . . . . . . . . . . \bot . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Bouquet . . . . . . . . . \Bowtie . . . . . . . . . . \bowtie . . . . . . . . . . \Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . \boxast . . . . . . . . . . \boxbar . . . . . . . . . . \boxbox . . . . . . . . . . \boxbslash . . . . . . . . \boxcircle . . . . . . . . \boxdot . . . . . . . . . . \boxdotLeft . . . . . . . \boxdotleft . . . . . . . \boxdotRight . . . . . . \boxdotright . . . . . . \boxempty . . . . . . . . . \boxLeft . . . . . . . . . \boxleft . . . . . . . . . \boxminus . . . . . . . . . \boxplus . . . . . . . . . \boxRight . . . . . . . . . \boxright . . . . . . . . . \boxslash . . . . . . . . . \boxtimes . . . . . . . . . \bracevert . . . . . . . . \breve . . . . . . . . . . . \brokenvert . . . . . . . \BSEfree . . . . . . . . . \bullet . . . . . . . . . . bullets . . . . . . . . . . . \Bumpeq . . . . . . . . . . \bumpeq . . . . . . . . . . C \c . . . . . . . . \Cancer . . . \Cap . . . . . . \cap . . . . . . \Capricorn . cardinality . \cdot . . . . . \cdotp . . . . \cdots . . . . \Celtcross . \cent . . . . . \centerdot .

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11, .. .. .. .. .. 14, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

16 22 21 14 23 14 14 14 15 15 25 27 19 19 19 19 19 11 25 23 10 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 16 17 17 14 14 17 17 16 14 12 12 23 22 10 23 15 15

....... 5 . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . 22 see \aleph . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . 14

\CEsign . . . . . . . . . . . . . \check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \checked . . . . . . . . . . . . \CheckedBox . . . . . . . . . . \Checkedbox . . . . . . . . . . \Checkmark . . . . . . . . . . . \checkmark . . . . . . . . . . . \CheckmarkBold . . . . . . . \chi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \chiup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \circ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \circeq . . . . . . . . . . . . . \CIRCLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Circle . . . . . . . . . . 23, \circlearrowleft . . . . . . \circlearrowright . . . . . \CircledA . . . . . . . . . . . . \circledast . . . . . . . . . . \circledbar . . . . . . . . . . \circledbslash . . . . . . . \circledcirc . . . . . . . . . \circleddash . . . . . . . . . \circleddotleft . . . . . . \circleddotright . . . . . . \circledgtr . . . . . . . . . . \circledless . . . . . . . . . \circledR . . . . . . . . . . . . \circledS . . . . . . . . . . . . \circledvee . . . . . . . . . . \circledwedge . . . . . . . . \circleleft . . . . . . . . . . \circleright . . . . . . . . . circles . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, \CircleShadow . . . . . . . . \CircleSolid . . . . . . . . . \Circpipe . . . . . . . . . . . . \Circsteel . . . . . . . . . . . \CleaningA . . . . . . . . . . . \CleaningF . . . . . . . . . . . \CleaningFF . . . . . . . . . . \CleaningP . . . . . . . . . . . \CleaningPP . . . . . . . . . . \clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clock symbols . . . . . . . . . \Clocklogo . . . . . . . . . . . \Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clubs (suit) . . . . . . . . . . . \clubsuit . . . . . . . . . . . . \Coffeecup . . . . . . . . . . . \colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Colonapprox . . . . . . . . . \colonapprox . . . . . . . . . \Coloneq . . . . . . . . . . . . \coloneq . . . . . . . . . . . . \Coloneqq . . . . . . . . . . . . \coloneqq . . . . . . . . . . . . \Colonsim . . . . . . . . . . . . \colonsim . . . . . . . . . . . . communication symbols . . comp.text.tex . . . . . . . . \complement . . . . . . . . . .

34

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

22 12 23 23 24 27 14 27 13 18 10 15 23 30 13 13 25 14 17 17 14 14 17 17 17 17 14 14 17 17 17 17 28 27 27 21 21 25 25 25 25 25 23 28 24 27 26 23 11 24 10 17 17 17 17 18 17 18 18 22 32 14

complex numbers see alphabets, math Comprehensive TEX Archive Network . . . . . . . . . . . . see CTAN computer hardware symbols . 22 \ComputerMouse . . . . . . . . . 22 \cong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 contour integrals . . . . . . . . . 32 contradiction symbols . . . . . 19 \coprod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \Corresponds . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \cosh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \cot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \coth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \Cross . . . . . . . . 25, 26, 28, 30 \CrossBoldOutline . . . . . . . 26 \CrossClowerTips . . . . . . . . 26 \Crossedbox . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 crosses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26 \CrossMaltese . . . . . . . . . . 26 \CrossOpenShadow . . . . . . . . 26 \CrossOutline . . . . . . . . . . 26 \csc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 CTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 32 \Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 31 \Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \curlyeqprec . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \curlyeqsucc . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \curlyvee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \curlyveedownarrow . . . . . . 16 \curlyveeuparrow . . . . . . . . 16 \curlywedge . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \curlywedgedownarrow . . . . 16 \curlywedgeuparrow . . . . . . 16 \currency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 currency symbols . . . . . . . . . . 9 \curvearrowleft . . . . . . . . 13 \curvearrowright . . . . . . . . 13 \Cutleft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \Cutline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \Cutright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 D \d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \dag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \dagger . . . . . . . . . . . \daleth . . . . . . . . . . . dangerous bend symbols \dashint . . . . . . . . . . \dashleftarrow . . . . . \dashleftrightarrow . \dashrightarrow . . . . \dashv . . . . . . . . . . . . \davidsstar . . . . . . . . \DavidStar . . . . . . . . . \DavidStarSolid . . . . \dbend . . . . . . . . . . . . \ddag . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. 5 . 4 10 13 25 32 13 18 13 10 23 26 26 25 . 4

\ddagger . . . . . . . \ddashint . . . . . . . \ddot . . . . . . . . . . \ddots . . . . . . . . . \deg . . . . . . . . . . . degrees . . . . . see \Deleatur . . . . . . . delimiters . . . . . . . large . . . . . . . \Delta . . . . . . . . . \delta . . . . . . . . . \deltaup . . . . . . . \Denarius . . . . . . . \descnode . . . . . . . \det . . . . . . . . . . . \DH . . . . . . . . . . . . \dh . . . . . . . . . . . . \diagdown . . . . . . . \diagup . . . . . . . . \diameter . . . . . . . \Diamond . . . . . . . diamond . . . . . . . . \diamond . . . . . . . \Diamondblack . . . \Diamonddot . . . . . \DiamonddotLeft . \Diamonddotleft . \DiamonddotRight . \Diamonddotright . \DiamondLeft . . . . \Diamondleft . . . . \DiamondRight . . . \Diamondright . . . diamonds . . . . . . . diamonds (suit) . . . \DiamondShadowA . \DiamondShadowB . \DiamondShadowC . \Diamondshape . . . \DiamondSolid . . . \diamondsuit . . . . dice . . . . . . . . . . . dictionary symbols . symbols \digamma . . . . . . . digits . . . . . . . . . . \dim . . . . . . . . . . . \ding . . . . . . . . . . dingbats . . . . . . . . \div . . . . . . . . . . . \divideontimes . . \DJ . . . . . . . . . . . . \dj . . . . . . . . . . . . \Dontwash . . . . . . . \dot . . . . . . . . . . . \doteq . . . . . . . . . \doteqdot . . . . . . . \dotplus . . . . . . . \dots . . . . . . . . . . \doublebarwedge . \DOWNarrow . . . . . . \Downarrow . . . . . . \downarrow . . . . . .

. . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . 12 . . . . 11, 31 . . . . . . . 12 \textdegree ........ 9 . . 12, 13, 15 . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . 18 ........ 9 . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . 4, 8 . . . . . . 4, 8 . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . 23 . . . . 11, 17 . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . 11 . . . . 29, 31 see phonetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 11,

. . 13 . . 23 . . 12 23, 24 . . 23 . . 10 . . 14 ... 4 ... 4 . . 25 . . 12 . . 10 . . 15 . . 14 ... 4 . . 14 . . 23 11, 12 12, 32

\downdownarrows . \downharpoonleft . \downharpoonright dsfont . . . . . . . . . .

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E \Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \Ecommerce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \EightAsterisk . . . . . . . . . 26 \EightFlowerPetal . . . . . . . 26 \EightFlowerPetalRemoved . 26 \eighthnote . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \EightStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \EightStarBold . . . . . . . . . 26 \EightStarConvex . . . . . . . . 26 \EightStarTaper . . . . . . . . 26 electrical symbols . . . . . . . . 21 \ell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 ellipses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \EllipseShadow . . . . . . . . . 27 \EllipseSolid . . . . . . . . . . 27 \Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \Emailct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \emptyset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 engineering symbols . . . . 21, 22 \Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \epsilon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \epsilonup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \eqcirc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \Eqcolon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \eqcolon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \Eqqcolon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \eqqcolon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \eqsim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \eqslantgtr . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \eqslantless . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \equiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 escapable characters . . . . . . . 4 \Estatically . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \eta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \etaup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \eth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 eufrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \EUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \EURcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \EURdig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \EURhv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 euro signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \EURtm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 euscript . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 32 exclusive or . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \exists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \exp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Explosionsafe . . . . . . . . . 22 extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \EyesDollar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 F \fallingdotseq . . . . . . . . . 15 \FallingEdge . . . . . . . . . . . 22

35

\fatbslash . . . . . . . . . . . . . \fatsemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \fatslash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \FAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Faxmachine . . . . . . . . . . . . \FEMALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \FemaleFemale . . . . . . . . . . \FemaleMale . . . . . . . . . . . . \FHBOLOGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \FHBOlogo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \FilledBigCircle . . . . . . . . \FilledBigDiamondshape . . . \FilledBigSquare . . . . . . . . \FilledBigTriangleDown . . . \FilledBigTriangleLeft . . . \FilledBigTriangleRight . . \FilledBigTriangleUp . . . . \FilledCircle . . . . . . . . . . \FilledCloud . . . . . . . . . . . \FilledDiamondShadowA . . . \FilledDiamondShadowC . . . \FilledDiamondshape . . . . . \FilledHut . . . . . . . . . . . . . \FilledRainCloud . . . . . . . . \FilledSectioningDiamond . \FilledSmallCircle . . . . . . \FilledSmallDiamondshape . \FilledSmallSquare . . . . . . \FilledSmallTriangleDown . \FilledSmallTriangleLeft . \FilledSmallTriangleRight \FilledSmallTriangleUp . . . \FilledSnowCloud . . . . . . . . \FilledSquare . . . . . . . . . . \FilledSquareShadowA . . . . \FilledSquareShadowC . . . . \FilledSunCloud . . . . . . . . \FilledTriangleDown . . . . . \FilledTriangleLeft . . . . . \FilledTriangleRight . . . . \FilledTriangleUp . . . . . . . \FilledWeakRainCloud . . . . \fint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Finv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \FiveFlowerOpen . . . . . . . . \FiveFlowerPetal . . . . . . . . \FiveStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \FiveStarCenterOpen . . . . . \FiveStarConvex . . . . . . . . \FiveStarLines . . . . . . . . . \FiveStarOpen . . . . . . . . . . \FiveStarOpenCircled . . . . \FiveStarOpenDotted . . . . . \FiveStarOutline . . . . . . . . \FiveStarOutlineHeavy . . . \FiveStarShadow . . . . . . . . \Fixedbearing . . . . . . . . . . \Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \flat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 16 16 22 22 22 21 21 23 21 21 25 25 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 28 28 28 27 27 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 28 28 28 27 28 28 28 28 27 19 14 29 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 21 27 11

\Flatsteel . . . . . florettes . . . . . . . flowers . . . . . . . . \Fog . . . . . . . . . . fontdef.dtx . . . . fontenc . . . . . . . . \Football . . . . . . \forall . . . . . . . \Force . . . . . . . . \Forward . . . . . . \ForwardToEnd . . \ForwardToIndex \FourAsterisk . . \FourClowerOpen \FourClowerSolid Fourier transform math \FourStar . . . . . . \FourStarOpen . . \frown . . . . . . . . \frownie . . . . . . \Frowny . . . . . . . \FullFHBO . . . . . . \fullmoon . . . . . . \fullnote . . . . . . G \Game . . . . . . . . \Gamma . . . . . . . \gamma . . . . . . . \gammaup . . . . . \gcd . . . . . . . . . \Gemini . . . . . . \Gentsroom . . . . geometric shapes \geq . . . . . . . . . \geqq . . . . . . . . \geqslant . . . . . \gg . . . . . . . . . . \ggg . . . . . . . . . \gimel . . . . . . . \gluon . . . . . . . \gnapprox . . . . . \gneq . . . . . . . . \gneqq . . . . . . . \gnsim . . . . . . . \Graupel . . . . . \grave . . . . . . . Greek . . . . . . . . \gtrapprox . . . . \gtrdot . . . . . . \gtreqless . . . . \gtreqqless . . . \gtrless . . . . . \gtrsim . . . . . . \guillemotleft \guillemotright \guilsinglleft \guilsinglright \gvertneqq . . . .

. . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . 4, 5 . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 see alphabets, . . . . . . . .

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. . 14 . . 13 . . 13 . . 18 . . 12 . . 22 . . 24 27, 28 . . 10 . . 15 . . 15 . . 10 . . 15 . . 13 . . 21 . . 15 . . 15 . . 15 . . 15 . . 27 . . 12 13, 18 . . 15 . . 15 . . 15 . . 15 . . 15 . . 15 ... 5 ... 5 ... 5 ... 5 . . 15

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26 26 10 23 25 25 21 23

H \H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

\Hagel . . . . . . . . \HalfCircleLeft \HalfCircleRight \HalfFilledHut . \halfnote . . . . . . \HalfSun . . . . . . \HandCuffLeft . . \HandCuffLeftUp \HandCuffRight . \HandCuffRightUp \HandLeft . . . . . . \HandLeftUp . . . . \HandPencilLeft \HandRight . . . . . \HandRightUp . . . hands . . . . . . . . . \Handwash . . . . . . \hat . . . . . . . . . . \HBar . . . . . . . . . \hbar . . . . . . . . . \Heart . . . . . . . . hearts . . . . . . . . . hearts (suit) . . . . \heartsuit . . . . . Hebrew . . . . . . . . Helvetica . . . . . . . \HERMAPHRODITE . \Hermaphrodite . \hexagon . . . . . . \Hexasteel . . . . . \hexstar . . . . . . \HF . . . . . . . . . . . Hilbert space . . . math \hom . . . . . . . . . . \hookleftarrow . \hookrightarrow \hslash . . . . . . . \Hut . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . 23, 26 . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . 11, 14 . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . 13 ......... 9 . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . 21 see alphabets, . . . . .

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12 11 11 14 27

I \i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \IceMountain . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \idotsint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ifsym . . . . . . . . . . 22, 27–30, 32 \iiiint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \iiint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 19 \iint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 19 \Im . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 imaginary numbers . . . . . . see alphabets, math \imath . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 12 \in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \inf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 information symbols . . . . . . 24 \infty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \injlim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \inplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 integers . . . see alphabets, math

36

integrals contour . . . . . principal value \intercal . . . . . . . \interleave . . . . . \Interval . . . . . . . \invamp . . . . . . . . \invdiameter . . . . \inve . . . . . . . . . . \invneg . . . . . . . . \iota . . . . . . . . . . \iotaup . . . . . . . . \IroningI . . . . . . . \IroningII . . . . . . \IroningIII . . . . . \Irritant . . . . . . . \ismodeledby . . . .

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J \j . . . . . . . . . \JackStar . . . \JackStarBold \jmath . . . . . \Joch . . . . . . \Join . . . . . . \joinrel . . . \Jupiter . . . \jupiter . . .

... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ...

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.... 5 . . . 26 . . . 26 11, 12 . . . 27 10, 17 . . . 31 . . . 22 . . . 21

K \k . . . . . . . . \kappa . . . . \kappaup . . \ker . . . . . . \Keyboard . . Knuth . . . . . \kreuz . . . . \Kutline . .

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32 31 14 16 28 17 23 . 8 17 13 18 25 25 25 29 31

. 5 13 18 12 22 25 23 24

L \L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \Ladiesroom . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lagrangian see alphabets, math \Lambda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \lambda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \lambdabar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \lambdaslash . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \lambdaup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \langle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Laplace transform see alphabets, math large delimiters . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Laserbeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 LATEX 2ε 1, 4, 7, 10, 11, 25, 30, 31 latexsym . . . . . . . 10, 11, 30, 32 laundry symbols . . . . . . . . . 25 \Lbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lceil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \ldotp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \ldots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \leadsto . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 17 \LEFTarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

\Leftarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \leftarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \leftarrowtail . . . . . . . . . 13 \leftarrowtriangle . . . . . . 16 \LEFTCIRCLE . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \LEFTcircle . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Leftcircle . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \leftharpoondown . . . . . . . . 11 \leftharpoonup . . . . . . . . . 11 \leftleftarrows . . . . . . . . 13 \leftmoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \Leftrightarrow . . . . . . . . 11 \leftrightarrow . . . . . . . . 11 \leftrightarroweq . . . . . . . 16 \leftrightarrows . . . . . . . . 13 \leftrightarrowtriangle . . 16 \leftrightharpoons . . . . . . 13 \leftrightsquigarrow . . . . 13 \Leftscissors . . . . . . . . . . 24 \leftslice . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \leftsquigarrow . . . . . . . . 18 \leftthreetimes . . . . . . . . 14 \Lefttorque . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \leftturn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Leo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \leq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \leqq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \leqslant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lessapprox . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lessdot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lesseqgtr . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lesseqqgtr . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lessgtr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lesssim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \Letter . . . . . . . . . . 22, 29, 30 letters . . . . . . . . . see alphabets non-ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \lfloor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \lg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \lgroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \LHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \lhd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 17 \lhdbend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \Libra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \Lightning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \lightning . . . . . . . . 16, 23, 30 \lim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \liminf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \limsup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Lineload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 linguistic symbols . . . . . . . . . 8 \lJoin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \ll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \llbracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \llceil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \llcorner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Lleftarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \llfloor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lmoustache . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \ln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \lnapprox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \lneq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

\lneqq . . . . . . . . . . . \lnsim . . . . . . . . . . . \log . . . . . . . . . . . . . log-like symbols . . . . . \logof . . . . . . . . . . . \Longleftarrow . . . . \longleftarrow . . . . \Longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \Longmapsfrom . . . . . \longmapsfrom . . . . . \Longmapsto . . . . . . . \longmapsto . . . . . . . \LongPulseHigh . . . . \LongPulseLow . . . . . \Longrightarrow . . . \longrightarrow . . . \looparrowleft . . . . \looparrowright . . . \Loosebearing . . . . . \LowerDiamond . . . . . \lozenge . . . . . . . . . \lrcorner . . . . . . . . . \lrtimes . . . . . . . . . \Lsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Lsteel . . . . . . . . . . \ltimes . . . . . . . . . . \lvertneqq . . . . . . . .

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M majuscules . . . . . . . . . . . . . \makeatletter . . . . . . . . . . \makeatother . . . . . . . . . . . \MALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \MaleMale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \maltese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \manboldkidney . . . . . . . . . \manconcentriccircles . . . \manconcentricdiamond . . . \mancone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \mancube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \manerrarrow . . . . . . . . . . . \manfilledquartercircle . . manfnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, \manhpennib . . . . . . . . . . . . \manimpossiblecube . . . . . . \mankidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . \manlhpenkidney . . . . . . . . \manpenkidney . . . . . . . . . . \manquadrifolium . . . . . . . . \manquartercircle . . . . . . . \manrotatedquadrifolium . . \manrotatedquartercircle . \manstar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \mantiltpennib . . . . . . . . . \mantriangledown . . . . . . . . \mantriangleright . . . . . . . \mantriangleup . . . . . . . . . \manvpennib . . . . . . . . . . . . \Mappedfromchar . . . . . . . . \mappedfromchar . . . . . . . .

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13 31 31 21 21 23 21 14 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 32 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 17 17

\Mapsfrom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \mapsfrom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \Mapsfromchar . . . . . . . . . . 16 \mapsfromchar . . . . . . . . . . 16 \Mapsto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \mapsto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \Mapstochar . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Mars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \mars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \MartinVogel . . . . . . . . . . . 25 marvosym . 9, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 30, 32 math alphabets . . . . . . . . . . 20 math-mode symbols . . . . . . . 17 \mathbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathbbm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathbbmss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathbbmtt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 mathcal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathcal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathcent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \mathclose . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 mathcomp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 mathcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 mathematical symbols . . . . . 10 \mathfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \mathopen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \mathord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \mathpunct . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \mathpzc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathrel . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 32 \mathrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 mathrsfs . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 32 \mathscr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mathsterling . . . . . . . . . . 19 \max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \measuredangle . . . . . . . . . 14 \medbullet . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \medcirc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 METAFONTbook symbols . . . 25 \mho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 14, 17 \mid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \minuso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 miscellaneous symbols 11, 14, 19, 23, 25, 27, 29 \Mmappedfromchar . . . . . . . . 17 \mmappedfromchar . . . . . . . . 17 \Mmapstochar . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \mmapstochar . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \Mobilefone . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \models . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 31 \moo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

\Mountain . . . . . . . . . . \MoveDown . . . . . . . . . . \MoveUp . . . . . . . . . . . \mp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \mu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \multimap . . . . . . . . . . \multimapboth . . . . . . \multimapbothvert . . . \multimapdot . . . . . . . \multimapdotboth . . . . \multimapdotbothA . . . \multimapdotbothAvert \multimapdotbothB . . . \multimapdotbothBvert \multimapdotbothvert \multimapdotinv . . . . \multimapinv . . . . . . . \Mundus . . . . . . . . . . . musical notes . . . . . . . \muup . . . . . . . . . . . . . \MVAt . . . . . . . . . . . . . \MVEight . . . . . . . . . . \MVFive . . . . . . . . . . . \MVFour . . . . . . . . . . . \MVNine . . . . . . . . . . . \MVOne . . . . . . . . . . . . \MVSeven . . . . . . . . . . \MVSix . . . . . . . . . . . . \MVThree . . . . . . . . . . \MVTwo . . . . . . . . . . . . \MVZero . . . . . . . . . . . N \nabla . . . . . . . . \napproxeq . . . . . \nasymp . . . . . . . \natural . . . . . . natural numbers math navigation symbols \nbacksim . . . . . . \nbacksimeq . . . . \nBumpeq . . . . . . \nbumpeq . . . . . . \ncong . . . . . . . . \Nearrow . . . . . . \nearrow . . . . . . \neg . . . . . . . . . . \Neptune . . . . . . \neptune . . . . . . \neq . . . . . . . . . . \nequiv . . . . . . . \Neutral . . . . . . \newmoon . . . . . . \newtie . . . . . . . \nexists . . . . . . \NG . . . . . . . . . . . \ng . . . . . . . . . . . \ngeq . . . . . . . . . \ngeqq . . . . . . . . \ngeqslant . . . . . \ngg . . . . . . . . . . \ngtr . . . . . . . . .

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27 24 24 10 13 13 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 25 23 18 25 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19

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24 18 18 18 18 15 18 11 11 22 21 10 18 21 21 . 5 14 . 4 . 4 15 15 15 18 15

\ngtrapprox . . . . . . . \ngtrless . . . . . . . . . \ngtrsim . . . . . . . . . \ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \NibLeft . . . . . . . . . \NibRight . . . . . . . . . nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . \NibSolidLeft . . . . . \NibSolidRight . . . . \niplus . . . . . . . . . . \nLeftarrow . . . . . . . \nleftarrow . . . . . . . \nLeftrightarrow . . . \nleftrightarrow . . . \nleq . . . . . . . . . . . . \nleqq . . . . . . . . . . . \nleqslant . . . . . . . . \nless . . . . . . . . . . . \nlessapprox . . . . . . \nlessgtr . . . . . . . . . \nlesssim . . . . . . . . . \nll . . . . . . . . . . . . . \nmid . . . . . . . . . . . . \nnearrow . . . . . . . . . \nnwarrow . . . . . . . . . \NoBleech . . . . . . . . . \NoChemicalCleaning \NoIroning . . . . . . . . \NoSun . . . . . . . . . . . \notbackslash . . . . . \notin . . . . . . . . . . . \notni . . . . . . . . . . . \notslash . . . . . . . . . \NoTumbler . . . . . . . . \nparallel . . . . . . . . \nplus . . . . . . . . . . . \nprec . . . . . . . . . . . \nprecapprox . . . . . . \npreccurlyeq . . . . . \npreceq . . . . . . . . . \npreceqq . . . . . . . . . \nprecsim . . . . . . . . . \nRightarrow . . . . . . \nrightarrow . . . . . . \nshortmid . . . . . . . . \nshortparallel . . . \nsim . . . . . . . . . . . . \nsimeq . . . . . . . . . . \nsqsubset . . . . . . . . \nsqsubseteq . . . . . . \nsqsupset . . . . . . . . \nsqsupseteq . . . . . . \nSubset . . . . . . . . . \nsubseteq . . . . . . . . \nsubseteqq . . . . . . . \nsucc . . . . . . . . . . . \nsuccapprox . . . . . . \nsucccurlyeq . . . . . \nsucceq . . . . . . . . . \nsucceqq . . . . . . . . . \nsuccsim . . . . . . . . . \nSupset . . . . . . . . . \nsupseteq . . . . . . . .

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.. .. .. .. .. .. 23, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

18 18 18 10 26 26 26 26 26 16 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 18 18 18 18 15 16 16 25 25 25 27 21 18 18 21 25 15 16 15 18 18 15 17 17 13 13 15 15 15 17 17 17 17 17 17 15 17 15 17 17 15 17 17 17 15

\nsupseteqq . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \nthickapprox . . . . . . . . . . 17 \ntriangleleft . . . . . . . . . 15 \ntrianglelefteq . . . . . . . . 15 \ntrianglelefteqslant . . . 17 \ntriangleright . . . . . . . . 15 \ntrianglerighteq . . . . . . . 15 \ntrianglerighteqslant . . . 17 \ntwoheadleftarrow . . . . . . 17 \ntwoheadrightarrow . . . . . 17 \nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 number sets see alphabets, math \nuup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \nvarparallel . . . . . . . . . . 17 \nvarparallelinv . . . . . . . . 17 \nVDash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \nVdash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \nvDash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \nvdash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \Nwarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \nwarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 O \O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o .................. \obar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \oblong . . . . . . . . . . . . . \obslash . . . . . . . . . . . . \ocircle . . . . . . . . . . . . \octagon . . . . . . . . . . . . \Octosteel . . . . . . . . . . . \odot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \odplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . \OE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \oe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ogreaterthan . . . . . . . . \oiiint . . . . . . . . . . . . . \oiiintclockwise . . . . . . \oiiintctrclockwise . . . \oiint . . . . . . . . . . . . . \oiintclockwise . . . . . . \oiintctrclockwise . . . . \oint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ointclockwise . . . . . . . \ointctrclockwise . . . . . \olessthan . . . . . . . . . . . \Omega . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \omega . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \omegaup . . . . . . . . . . . . \ominus . . . . . . . . . . . . . \openJoin . . . . . . . . . . . . \openo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \opentimes . . . . . . . . . . . operators binary . . . . . 10, 14, \oplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . \OrnamentDiamondSolid . ornaments . . . . . . . . . . . . \oslash . . . . . . . . . . . . . \otimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ovee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \overbrace . . . . . . . . . . .

... 4 ... 4 . . 13 . . 16 . . 16 . . 16 . . 17 . . 23 . . 21 . . 10 . . 19 ... 4 ... 4 . . 16 . . 19 . . 19 . . 19 17, 19 . . 19 . . 19 . . 11 . . 19 . . 19 . . 16 . . 13 . . 13 . . 18 . . 10 . . 18 ... 8 . . 18 16, 10, .. .. .. .. .. ..

17 31 27 23 10 10 16 12

\overleftarrow \overline . . . . . \overrightarrow \owedge . . . . . .

... ... .. ...

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. . . .

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. . . .

12 12 12 16

P \P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \p@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 packages amsfonts . . . . . . 10, 11, 20 amsmath . . . . . . . . . . . 14 amssymb . . . 10, 11, 20, 32 ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 32 bbding . . . . . 26, 27, 30, 32 bbm . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 32 bbold . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 32 dsfont . . . . . . . . . . 20, 32 eufrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 euscript . . . . . . . . . 20, 32 fontenc . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5 ifsym . . . . . . 22, 27–30, 32 latexsym . . . . 10, 11, 30, 32 manfnt . . . . . . . . . . 25, 32 marvosym . 9, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 30, 32 mathcomp . . . . . . . . . . . 7 mathrsfs . . . . . . . . . 20, 32 pifont . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 32 pxfonts . . 10, 11, 17–19, 30 stmaryrd . . . . 15–17, 30, 32 textcomp . . . . . 4–7, 30, 32 tipa . . . . . . . 5, 6, 8, 9, 32 txfonts 10, 11, 17–19, 30, 32 ulsy . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 32 wasysym . . 8, 10, 11, 17, 21, 23, 30, 32 yfonts . . . . . . . . . . 20, 32 zapfchan . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \PaperLandscape . . . . . . . . 29 \PaperPortrait . . . . . . . . . 29 \parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \ParallelPort . . . . . . . . . . 22 \partial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \Peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \PencilLeft . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \PencilLeftDown . . . . . . . . 26 \PencilLeftUp . . . . . . . . . . 26 \PencilRight . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \PencilRightDown . . . . . . . . 26 \PencilRightUp . . . . . . . . . 26 pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26 \pentagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \permil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Perp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \perp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \Pfund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \Phi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \phi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \phiup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \Phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \PhoneHandset . . . . . . . . . . 27 phonetic symbols . . . . . . . . . . 8

\photon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 physical symbols . . . . . . . . . 21 \Pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Pickup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 pifont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 32 \Pisces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \pitchfork . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \piup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \PlusCenterOpen . . . . . . . . 26 \PlusOutline . . . . . . . . . . . 26 plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \PlusThinCenterOpen . . . . . 26 \Pluto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \pluto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Pointinghand . . . . . . . . . . 24 polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \pounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \Pr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \prec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \precapprox . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \preccurlyeq . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \preceq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \preceqq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \precnapprox . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \precneqq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \precnsim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \precsim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \prime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 prime numbers . see alphabets, math principal value integrals . . . . 31 \Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \prod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \projlim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \propto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \Psi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \psi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \psiup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 pulse diagram symbols . . . . . 22 \PulseHigh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \PulseLow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 punctuation . . . . . . . . . . 5, 10 pxfonts . . . . . 10, 11, 17–19, 30 Q \quarternote . . . . . . . . . . . 23 quaternions see alphabets, math \quotedblbase . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \quotesinglbase . . . . . . . . . 5 R \r . . . . . . . . . . \Radiation . . . \Radioactivity \Rain . . . . . . . \RainCloud . . . \RaisingEdge . \rangle . . . . .

39

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. 5 29 22 27 27 22 12

rational numbers see alphabets, math \Rbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \rbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \rceil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 real numbers see alphabets, math \recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \RectangleBold . . . . . . . . . 27 rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \RectangleThin . . . . . . . . . 27 \Rectpipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \Rectsteel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 registered trademark . . . . . see \textregistered relational symbols . . . . . . . . 10 binary . . . . . . . . . . 15–17 negated binary . . . . 15, 17 \restoresymbol . . . . . . . . . 30 \revddots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \reversedvideodbend . . . . . 25 \Rewind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \RewindToIndex . . . . . . . . . 24 \RewindToStart . . . . . . . . . 24 \rfloor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \rgroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \RHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \rhd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 17 \rho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \rhoup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \RIGHTarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Rightarrow . . . . . . . 11, 25, 30 \rightarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \rightarrowtail . . . . . . . . 13 \rightarrowtriangle . . . . . 16 \RIGHTCIRCLE . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \RIGHTcircle . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Rightcircle . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \RightDiamond . . . . . . . . . . 28 \rightharpoondown . . . . . . . 11 \rightharpoonup . . . . . . . . 11 \rightleftarrows . . . . . . . . 13 \rightleftharpoons . 11, 13, 30 \rightmoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \rightrightarrows . . . . . . . 13 \Rightscissors . . . . . . . . . 24 \rightslice . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \rightsquigarrow . . . . . . . . 13 \rightthreetimes . . . . . . . . 14 \Righttorque . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \rightturn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \risingdotseq . . . . . . . . . . 15 \rJoin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \rlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \rmoustache . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \RoundedLsteel . . . . . . . . . 21 \RoundedTsteel . . . . . . . . . 21 \RoundedTTsteel . . . . . . . . 21 \rrbracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \rrceil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \rrfloor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \Rrightarrow . . . . . . . . . . . 18

\rrparenthesis . . . . . . . . . 16 \Rsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \rtimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 S \S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 safety-related symbols . . . . . 22 \Sagittarius . . . . . . . . . . . 22 sans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \Saturn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \saturn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \savesymbol . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 scientific symbols . . . . . . . . . 21 \ScissorHollowLeft . . . . . . 26 \ScissorHollowRight . . . . . 26 \ScissorLeft . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \ScissorLeftBrokenBottom . 26 \ScissorLeftBrokenTop . . . 26 \ScissorRight . . . . . . . . . . 26 \ScissorRightBrokenBottom 26 \ScissorRightBrokenTop . . . 26 scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26 \Scorpio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 script letters see alphabets, math \Searrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \searrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \sec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \SectioningDiamond . . . . . . 29 \SerialInterface . . . . . . . . 22 \SerialPort . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \setminus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \sharp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \Shilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \shortdownarrow . . . . . . . . 16 \ShortFifty . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \ShortForty . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \shortleftarrow . . . . . . . . 16 \shortmid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \ShortNinetyFive . . . . . . . . 25 \shortparallel . . . . . . . . . 15 \ShortPulseHigh . . . . . . . . 22 \ShortPulseLow . . . . . . . . . 22 \shortrightarrow . . . . . . . . 16 \ShortSixty . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \ShortThirty . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \shortuparrow . . . . . . . . . . 16 \showclock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \Sigma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \sigma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \sigmaup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \sim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \simeq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \sin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \sinh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \SixFlowerAlternate . . . . . 26 \SixFlowerAltPetal . . . . . . 26 \SixFlowerOpenCenter . . . . 26 \SixFlowerPetalDotted . . . 26 \SixFlowerPetalRemoved . . . 26 \SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal 26 \SixStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \SixteenStarLight . . . . . . . 26 \SmallCircle . . . . . . . . . . . 28

\SmallCross . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \SmallDiamondshape . . . . . . 28 \smallfrown . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \SmallHBar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \SmallLowerDiamond . . . . . . 28 \SmallRightDiamond . . . . . . 28 \smallsetminus . . . . . . . . . 14 \smallsmile . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \SmallSquare . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \SmallTriangleDown . . . . . . 28 \SmallTriangleLeft . . . . . . 28 \SmallTriangleRight . . . . . 28 \SmallTriangleUp . . . . . . . . 28 \SmallVBar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \smile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \Smiley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \smiley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Snow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \SnowCloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \Snowflake . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \SnowflakeChevron . . . . . . . 26 \SnowflakeChevronBold . . . 26 snowflakes . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26 spades (suit) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \spadesuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \Sparkle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \SparkleBold . . . . . . . . . . . 26 sparkles . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26 special characters . . . . . . . . . 4 \SpecialForty . . . . . . . . . . 25 \sphericalangle . . . . . . . . 14 \SpinDown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \SpinUp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \sqcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \sqcapplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \sqcup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \sqcupplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \sqiiint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \sqiint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \sqint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \sqrt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \sqsubset . . . . . . . . . 10, 15, 17 \sqsubseteq . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \sqsupset . . . . . . . . . 10, 15, 17 \sqsupseteq . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \Square . . . . . . . 23, 27, 28, 30 \square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \SquareCastShadowBottomRight . . . . . . . . . 27 \SquareCastShadowTopLeft . 27 \SquareCastShadowTopRight 27 \Squaredot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \Squarepipe . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 squares . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 27, 28 \SquareShadowA . . . . . . . . . 28 \SquareShadowB . . . . . . . . . 28 \SquareShadowBottomRight . 27 \SquareShadowC . . . . . . . . . 28 \SquareShadowTopLeft . . . . 27 \SquareShadowTopRight . . . 27 \SquareSolid . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \Squaresteel . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

40

\ss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ssearrow . . . . . . . . . . . . \sslash . . . . . . . . . . . . . \sswarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . \star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd . . . . . . . 15–17, \StoneMan . . . . . . . . . . . . \Stopsign . . . . . . . . . . . . \StopWatchEnd . . . . . . . . \StopWatchStart . . . . . . \strictfi . . . . . . . . . . . . \strictif . . . . . . . . . . . . \strictiff . . . . . . . . . . . \StrokeFive . . . . . . . . . . \StrokeFour . . . . . . . . . . \StrokeOne . . . . . . . . . . . \StrokeThree . . . . . . . . . \StrokeTwo . . . . . . . . . . . \Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . \subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . \subseteq . . . . . . . . . . . . \subseteqq . . . . . . . . . . . \subsetneq . . . . . . . . . . . \subsetneqq . . . . . . . . . . \subsetplus . . . . . . . . . . \subsetpluseq . . . . . . . . \succ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \succapprox . . . . . . . . . . \succcurlyeq . . . . . . . . . \succeq . . . . . . . . . . . . . \succeqq . . . . . . . . . . . . \succnapprox . . . . . . . . . \succneqq . . . . . . . . . . . . \succnsim . . . . . . . . . . . . \succsim . . . . . . . . . . . . \sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Summit . . . . . . . . . . . . . \SummitSign . . . . . . . . . . \Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, \sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \SunCloud . . . . . . . . . . . . \SunshineOpenCircled . . \sup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Supset . . . . . . . . . . . . . \supset . . . . . . . . . . . . . \supseteq . . . . . . . . . . . . \supseteqq . . . . . . . . . . . \supsetneq . . . . . . . . . . . \supsetneqq . . . . . . . . . . \supsetplus . . . . . . . . . . \supsetpluseq . . . . . . . . \surd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Swarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . \swarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . symbols alpine . . . . . . . . . . . APL . . . . . . . . . . . . astrological . . . . . . . astronomical . . . . . biological . . . . . . . . . body text . . . . . . . . . clock . . . . . . . . . . . .

... 4 . . 16 . . 16 . . 16 . . 10 23, 26 30, 32 . . 27 . . 22 . . 28 . . 28 . . 18 . . 18 . . 18 . . 29 . . 29 . . 29 . . 29 . . 29 . . 15 . . 10 . . 10 . . 15 . . 15 . . 15 . . 16 . . 16 . . 10 . . 15 . . 15 . . 10 . . 18 . . 15 . . 18 . . 15 . . 15 . . 11 . . 27 . . 27 27, 30 . . 23 . . 27 . . 27 . . 12 . . 15 . . 10 . . 10 . . 15 . . 15 . . 15 . . 16 . . 16 . . 11 . . 18 . . 11 . . 27 . . 21 . . 22 21, 22 . . 21 ... 4 . . 28

communication . . . . . . . 22 computer hardware . . . . 22 contradiction . . . . . . . . 19 currency . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 dangerous bend . . . . . . 25 dictionary . . see symbols, phonetic electrical . . . . . . . . . . . 21 engineering . . . . . . 21, 22 general . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 information . . . . . . . . . 24 Knuth’s . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 laundry . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 linguistic . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 log-like . . . . . . . . . 12, 14 math-mode . . . . . . . . . 17 mathematical . . . . . . . . 10 METAFONTbook . . . . . 25 miscellaneous 11, 14, 19, 23, 25, 27, 29 navigation . . . . . . . . . . 24 phonetic . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 physical . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 pulse diagram . . . . . . . 22 relational . . . . . . . . . . . 10 safety-related . . . . . . . . 22 scientific . . . . . . . . . . . 21 technological . . . . . . . . 21 TEXbook . . . . . . . . . . . 25 variable-sized 11, 16, 17, 19 weather . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 zodiacal . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 T \t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \talloblong . . . . . . tally markers . . . . . . \tan . . . . . . . . . . . . \tanh . . . . . . . . . . . \Tape . . . . . . . . . . . tape drive . . . . . . . . \Taschenuhr . . . . . . \tau . . . . . . . . . . . . \Taurus . . . . . . . . . \tauup . . . . . . . . . . technological symbols \Telefon . . . . . . . . \Telephone . . . . . . . telephone . . . . . . . . \Tent . . . . . . . . . . . TEXbook, The . . . . . symbols from . . \textacutedbl . . . . \textacutemacron . . \textacutewedge . . \textadvancing . . . \textasciiacute . . \textasciibreve . . \textasciicaron . . \textasciicircum . . \textasciidieresis \textasciigrave . . \textasciimacron . .

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... 5 . . 16 . . 29 . . 12 . . 12 . . 27 . . 23 . . 28 . . 13 . . 22 . . 18 . . 21 . . 22 . . 29 . . 23 . . 27 31, 32 . . 25 ... 6 ... 5 ... 5 ... 5 ... 6 ... 6 ... 6 ... 4 ... 6 ... 6 ... 6

\textasciitilde . . . . . . \textasteriskcentered . \textbabygamma . . . . . . . \textbackslash . . . . . . . \textbaht . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbar . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbarb . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbarc . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbard . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbardbl . . . . . . . . . . \textbardotlessj . . . . . . \textbarg . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbarglotstop . . . . . . \textbari . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbarl . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbaro . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbarrevglotstop . . . \textbaru . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbeltl . . . . . . . . . . . \textbeta . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbigcircle . . . . . . . \textblank . . . . . . . . . . . \textborn . . . . . . . . . . . . \textbottomtiebar . . . . . \textbraceleft . . . . . . . \textbraceright . . . . . . \textbrevemacron . . . . . . \textbrokenbar . . . . . . . \textbullet . . . . . . . . . . \textbullseye . . . . . . . . \textcelsius . . . . . . . . . \textceltpal . . . . . . . . . \textcent . . . . . . . . . . . . \textcentoldstyle . . . . . \textchi . . . . . . . . . . . . \textcircled . . . . . . . . . \textcircledP . . . . . . . . \textcircumacute . . . . . . \textcircumdot . . . . . . . \textcloseepsilon . . . . . \textcloseomega . . . . . . \textcloserevepsilon . . \textcolonmonetary . . . . \textcommatailz . . . . . . textcomp . . . . . . . . . 4–7, \textcopyleft . . . . . . . . \textcopyright . . . . . . . \textcorner . . . . . . . . . . \textcrb . . . . . . . . . . . . \textcrd . . . . . . . . . . . . \textcrg . . . . . . . . . . . . \textcrh . . . . . . . . . . . . \textcrinvglotstop . . . . \textcrlambda . . . . . . . . \textcrtwo . . . . . . . . . . . \textctc . . . . . . . . . . . . \textctd . . . . . . . . . . . . \textctdctzlig . . . . . . . \textctesh . . . . . . . . . . . \textctj . . . . . . . . . . . . \textctn . . . . . . . . . . . . \textctt . . . . . . . . . . . . \textcttctclig . . . . . . .

41

... 4 . 4, 6 ... 8 ... 4 ... 6 ... 4 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 6 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 6 ... 7 ... 7 ... 5 ... 4 ... 4 ... 5 ... 7 . 4, 7 ... 8 ... 7 ... 8 ... 7 ... 7 ... 8 ... 5 ... 7 ... 5 ... 5 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 7 ... 8 30, 32 ... 7 . 4, 7 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8 ... 8

\textctyogh . . . . . . . . \textctz . . . . . . . . . . \textcurrency . . . . . . \textdagger . . . . . . . . \textdaggerdbl . . . . . \textdbend . . . . . . . . . \textdblhyphen . . . . . \textdblhyphenchar . . \textdctzlig . . . . . . . \textdegree . . . . . . . . \textdied . . . . . . . . . . \textdiscount . . . . . . \textdiv . . . . . . . . . . \textdivorced . . . . . . \textdollar . . . . . . . . \textdollaroldstyle . \textdong . . . . . . . . . . \textdotacute . . . . . . \textdotbreve . . . . . . \textdoublebaresh . . . \textdoublebarpipe . . \textdoublebarslash . \textdoublegrave . . . . \textdoublepipe . . . . \textdoublevbaraccent \textdoublevertline . \textdownarrow . . . . . \textdownstep . . . . . . \textdyoghlig . . . . . . \textdzlig . . . . . . . . . \texteightoldstyle . . \textellipsis . . . . . . \textemdash . . . . . . . . \textendash . . . . . . . . \textepsilon . . . . . . . \textesh . . . . . . . . . . \textestimated . . . . . \texteuro . . . . . . . . . . \textexclamdown . . . . \textfishhookr . . . . . \textfiveoldstyle . . . \textflorin . . . . . . . . \textfouroldstyle . . . \textfractionsolidus \textfrak . . . . . . . . . . \textg . . . . . . . . . . . . \textgamma . . . . . . . . . \textglobfall . . . . . . \textglobrise . . . . . . \textglotstop . . . . . . \textgravecircum . . . . \textgravedbl . . . . . . \textgravedot . . . . . . \textgravemid . . . . . . \textgreater . . . . . . . \textguarani . . . . . . . \texthalflength . . . . \texthardsign . . . . . . \texthooktop . . . . . . . \texthtb . . . . . . . . . . \texthtbardotlessj . . \texthtc . . . . . . . . . . \texthtd . . . . . . . . . .

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.. 8 .. 8 .. 7 4, 7 4, 7 . 25 .. 7 .. 7 .. 8 .. 7 .. 7 .. 7 .. 7 .. 7 4, 7 .. 7 .. 7 .. 5 .. 5 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 5 .. 8 .. 5 .. 9 .. 7 .. 9 .. 9 .. 9 .. 7 .. 4 .. 4 .. 4 .. 9 .. 9 .. 7 .. 7 .. 4 .. 9 .. 7 .. 7 .. 7 .. 7 . 20 .. 9 .. 9 .. 9 .. 9 .. 8 .. 5 .. 7 .. 5 .. 5 .. 4 .. 7 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8

\texthtg . . . . . . . . . \texthth . . . . . . . . . \texththeng . . . . . . . \texthtk . . . . . . . . . \texthtp . . . . . . . . . \texthtq . . . . . . . . . \texthtscg . . . . . . . . \texthtt . . . . . . . . . \texthvlig . . . . . . . . \textifsym . . . . . . . . \textinterrobang . . . \textinterrobangdown \textinvglotstop . . . \textinvscr . . . . . . . \textinvsubbridge . . \textiota . . . . . . . . . \textlambda . . . . . . . \textlangle . . . . . . . \textlbrackdbl . . . . \textleaf . . . . . . . . . \textleftarrow . . . . \textlengthmark . . . \textless . . . . . . . . . \textlhdbend . . . . . . \textlhookt . . . . . . . \textlhti . . . . . . . . . \textlhtlongi . . . . . \textlira . . . . . . . . . \textlnot . . . . . . . . . \textlonglegr . . . . . \textlowering . . . . . \textlptr . . . . . . . . . \textlquill . . . . . . . \textltailm . . . . . . . \textltailn . . . . . . . \textltilde . . . . . . . \textlyoghlig . . . . . \textmarried . . . . . . \textmho . . . . . . . . . \textmidacute . . . . . \textminus . . . . . . . . \textmu . . . . . . . . . . \textmusicalnote . . . \textnaira . . . . . . . . \textnineoldstyle . . \textnrleg . . . . . . . . \textnumero . . . . . . . \textObardotlessj . . \textohm . . . . . . . . . \textOlyoghlig . . . . \textomega . . . . . . . . \textonehalf . . . . . . \textoneoldstyle . . . \textonequarter . . . \textonesuperior . . . \textopenbullet . . . \textopencorner . . . \textopeno . . . . . . . . \textordfeminine . . . \textordmasculine . . \textovercross . . . . \textoverw . . . . . . . . \textpalhook . . . . . .

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8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 22 . 7 . 7 . 8 . 8 . 5 . 8 . 8 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 8 . 4 25 . 8 . 8 . 8 . 7 . 7 . 8 . 5 . 8 . 7 . 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 . 6 . 6 . 5 . 6 . 6 . 6 . 6 . 6 . 8 . 6 . 8 . 6 . 8 . 8 . 6 . 6 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 8 . 8 4, 7 4, 7 .. 6 .. 6 .. 8

\textparagraph . . . . . . . . 4, 7 \textperiodcentered . . . . 4, 7 \textpertenthousand . . . . . . 7 \textperthousand . . . . . . . . . 7 \textpeso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textphi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textpilcrow . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textpipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textpolhook . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 \textprimstress . . . . . . . . . 8 \textquestiondown . . . . . . . . 4 \textquotedbl . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \textquotedblleft . . . . . . . . 4 \textquotedblright . . . . . . . 4 \textquoteleft . . . . . . . . . . 4 \textquoteright . . . . . . . . . 4 \textquotesingle . . . . . . . . . 7 \textquotestraightbase . . . . 7 \textquotestraightdblbase . 7 \textraiseglotstop . . . . . . . 8 \textraisevibyi . . . . . . . . . 8 \textraising . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 \textramshorns . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textrangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textrbrackdbl . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textrecipe . . . . . . . . . . 7, 30 \textrectangle . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textreferencemark . . . . . . . 7 \textregistered . . . . . . . 4, 7 \textretracting . . . . . . . . . 6 \textrevapostrophe . . . . . . . 9 \textreve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textrevepsilon . . . . . . . . . 9 \textreversedvideodbend . . 25 \textrevglotstop . . . . . . . . . 9 \textrevyogh . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textrhookrevepsilon . . . . . 9 \textrhookschwa . . . . . . . . . 9 \textrhoticity . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textrightarrow . . . . . . . . . 7 \textringmacron . . . . . . . . . 6 \textroundcap . . . . . . . . . . . 6 \textrptr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textrquill . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textrtaild . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textrtaill . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textrtailn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textrtailr . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textrtails . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textrtailt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textrtailz . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textrthook . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textsca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textscb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textsce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textscg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textsch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textschwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textsci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textscj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textscl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \textscn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

42

\textscoelig . . . . . . . . . . \textscomega . . . . . . . . . . \textscq . . . . . . . . . . . . . \textscr . . . . . . . . . . . . . \textscripta . . . . . . . . . . \textscriptv . . . . . . . . . . \textscu . . . . . . . . . . . . . \textscy . . . . . . . . . . . . . \textseagull . . . . . . . . . . \textsecstress . . . . . . . . \textsection . . . . . . . . . . \textservicemark . . . . . . . \textsevenoldstyle . . . . . \textsixoldstyle . . . . . . . \textsoftsign . . . . . . . . . \textsterling . . . . . . . . . \textstretchc . . . . . . . . . \textsubarch . . . . . . . . . . \textsubbar . . . . . . . . . . . \textsubbridge . . . . . . . . \textsubdot . . . . . . . . . . . \textsublhalfring . . . . . . \textsubplus . . . . . . . . . . \textsubrhalfring . . . . . . \textsubring . . . . . . . . . . \textsubsquare . . . . . . . . \textsubtilde . . . . . . . . . \textsubumlaut . . . . . . . . \textsubw . . . . . . . . . . . . . \textsubwedge . . . . . . . . . \textsuperimposetilde . . \textsurd . . . . . . . . . . . . . \textswab . . . . . . . . . . . . . \textsyllabic . . . . . . . . . \texttctclig . . . . . . . . . . \textteshlig . . . . . . . . . . \texttheta . . . . . . . . . . . . \textthorn . . . . . . . . . . . . \textthreeoldstyle . . . . . \textthreequarters . . . . . \textthreequartersemdash \textthreesuperior . . . . . \texttildedot . . . . . . . . . \texttildelow . . . . . . . . . \texttimes . . . . . . . . . . . . \texttoptiebar . . . . . . . . \texttrademark . . . . . . . . \texttslig . . . . . . . . . . . . \textturna . . . . . . . . . . . . \textturncelig . . . . . . . . \textturnh . . . . . . . . . . . . \textturnk . . . . . . . . . . . . \textturnlonglegr . . . . . . \textturnm . . . . . . . . . . . . \textturnmrleg . . . . . . . . \textturnr . . . . . . . . . . . . \textturnrrtail . . . . . . . \textturnscripta . . . . . . . \textturnt . . . . . . . . . . . . \textturnv . . . . . . . . . . . . \textturnw . . . . . . . . . . . . \textturny . . . . . . . . . . . . \texttwelveudash . . . . . . .

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. 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 . 8 . 6 . 8 4, 7 .. 7 .. 7 .. 7 .. 8 4, 7 .. 8 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 6 .. 7 . 20 .. 6 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 7 .. 7 .. 7 .. 7 .. 6 .. 7 .. 7 .. 6 4, 7 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 9 .. 9 .. 9 .. 7

\texttwooldstyle . . . . . . . . . 7 \texttwosuperior . . . . . . . . . 7 \textunderscore . . . . . . . . . 4 \textuparrow . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textupsilon . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textupstep . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textvbaraccent . . . . . . . . . 6 \textvertline . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textvibyi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textvibyy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textvisiblespace . . . . . . . . 4 \textwon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textwynn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textyen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textyogh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textzerooldstyle . . . . . . . . 7 \TH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \therefore . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \Thermo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \Theta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \theta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \thetaup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \thickapprox . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \thicksim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \ThinFog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \Thorn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \thorn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \tilde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 time of day . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 tipa . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 6, 8, 9, 32 \ToBottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \ToTop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \TriangleDown . . . . . 27, 28, 30 \triangledown . . . . . . . . . . 14 \TriangleLeft . . . . . . . . . . 28 \triangleleft . . . . . . . . . . 10 \trianglelefteq . . . . . . . . 15 \trianglelefteqslant . . . . 16 \triangleq . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \TriangleRight . . . . . . . . . 28 \triangleright . . . . . . . . . 10 \trianglerighteq . . . . . . . . 15 \trianglerighteqslant . . . 16 triangles . . . . . . . . . . 23, 27, 28 \TriangleUp . . . . . . . 27, 28, 30 \Tsteel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \TTsteel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \Tumbler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \TwelweStar . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \twoheadleftarrow . . . . . . . 13 \twoheadrightarrow . . . . . . 13 \twonotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 txfonts . . . 10, 11, 17–19, 30, 32 U \u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \ulcorner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

ulsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 32 \underbrace . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \underline . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 unity . . . . see alphabets, math \unlhd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 17 \unrhd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 17 \UParrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Uparrow . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 12 \uparrow . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 12 \Updownarrow . . . . . . . . 11, 12 \updownarrow . . . . . . . . 11, 12 \upharpoonleft . . . . . . . . . 13 \upharpoonright . . . . . . . . 13 \uplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \Upsilon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \upsilon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \upsilonup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \upuparrows . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Uranus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \uranus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \urcorner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 V \v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \varangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \varbigcirc . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \VarClock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \varclubsuit . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \varcurlyvee . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \varcurlywedge . . . . . . . . . 16 \vardiamondsuit . . . . . . . . 19 \varepsilon . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \varepsilonup . . . . . . . . . . 18 \VarFlag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \varg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \varheartsuit . . . . . . . . . . 19 \varhexagon . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \varhexstar . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 variable-sized symbols 11, 16, 17, 19 \VarIceMountain . . . . . . . . 27 \varinjlim . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \varint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \varkappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \varliminf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \varlimsup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \VarMountain . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \varnothing . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \varoast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \varobar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \varobslash . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \varocircle . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \varodot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \varogreaterthan . . . . . . . . 16 \varoiiintclockwise . . . . . 19 \varoiiintctrclockwise . . . 19 \varoiintclockwise . . . . . . 19 \varoiintctrclockwise . . . 19 \varoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \varointclockwise . . . . . . . 19 \varointctrclockwise . . . . 19 \varolessthan . . . . . . . . . . 16 \varominus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

43

\varoplus . . . . . . . \varoslash . . . . . . \varotimes . . . . . . \varovee . . . . . . . \varowedge . . . . . . \varparallel . . . . \varparallelinv . \varphi . . . . . . . . \varphiup . . . . . . . \varpi . . . . . . . . . \varpiup . . . . . . . \varprod . . . . . . . \varprojlim . . . . . \varpropto . . . . . . \varrho . . . . . . . . \varrhoup . . . . . . . \varsigma . . . . . . . \varsigmaup . . . . . \varspadesuit . . . \varsubsetneq . . . \varsubsetneqq . . \VarSummit . . . . . . \varsupsetneq . . . \varsupsetneqq . . \VarTaschenuhr . . \vartheta . . . . . . . \varthetaup . . . . . \vartimes . . . . . . . \vartriangle . . . . \vartriangleleft . \vartriangleright \VBar . . . . . . . . . . \Vdash . . . . . . . . . \vDash . . . . . . . . . \vdash . . . . . . . . . \vdots . . . . . . . . . \vec . . . . . . . . . . . \Vectorarrow . . . . \Vectorarrowhigh . \vee . . . . . . . . . . . \veebar . . . . . . . . \Venus . . . . . . . . . \venus . . . . . . . . . \Vermessung . . . . . \vernal . . . . . . . . \VHF . . . . . . . . . . . \Village . . . . . . . \Virgo . . . . . . . . . \VvDash . . . . . . . . \Vvdash . . . . . . . .

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W \WashCotton . . . . . . . . . . . . \WashSynthetics . . . . . . . . \WashWool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \wasylozenge . . . . . . . . . . . \wasypropto . . . . . . . . . . . . wasysym 8, 10, 11, 17, 21, 23, 32 \wasytherefore . . . . . . . . . \WeakRain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \WeakRainCloud . . . . . . . . . weather symbols . . . . . . . . .

16 16 16 16 16 18 18 13 18 13 18 19 14 15 13 18 13 18 19 15 15 27 15 15 28 13 18 16 14 15 15 28 15 15 10 11 12 19 19 10 14 22 21 27 21 21 27 22 18 15

25 25 25 23 17 30, 23 27 27 27

\Wecker . . . . \wedge . . . . . \Wheelchair . \widehat . . . \widetilde . . \wind . . . . . . \Womanface . . \wp . . . . . . . . \wr . . . . . . . . \Writinghand

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28 10 24 12 12 27 25 11 10 24

X \XBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

\Xi . . . . . . . . \xi . . . . . . . . \xiup . . . . . . Xs . . . . . . . . \XSolid . . . . \XSolidBold . \XSolidBrush

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. . . 13 . . . 13 . . . 18 23, 26 . . . 26 . . . 26 . . . 26

Y \Ydown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 yfonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 32 \Yinyang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

44

\Yleft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \Yright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \Yup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Z Zapf Chancery . Zapf Dingbats . . zapfchan . . . . . . \zeta . . . . . . . . \zetaup . . . . . . \Zodiac . . . . . . zodiacal symbols

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20 23 32 13 18 22 22

Latex Symbol Command

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