INTRODUCTION Lathe is a tool that used to create an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation. It can perform various operations such as cutting, knurling,drilling, facing , turning,sanding and deformation. This machine just operate round workpiece but it can accommodate with the varying workpiece lenghts. The workholding method used was clamping the work using a chuck or collet for the short workpiece and rotating lathe center was used in addition for the long workpiece. Lathe are used in woodturning woodturning,, metalworking metalworking,, meta metall spinn spinning ing,, therma thermall spray spraying ing,, parts reclamation, and glass-working. xamples of objects that can be produced using the lathe include chess, baseball bats, candlestick holders, a shafts , bowl and table legs. Today, Today, both both manual and !"! lathes machine coexist in the manufacturing industries.
OBJECTIVE To practice the theory. To increase understanding by using the practical method. #now how to operate and create the object manually using the lathe machine nhance the skill on lathe machining operation.
MATERIAL 1
Table 1
$aw material of Aluminium. % silvery white , soft and ductile metal. The chief ore of alumin aluminium ium is bauxit bauxite. e. Low density of metal and can resist the corro orrosi sio on. &id &idely used sed in cookin oking g utensils, transportation and packaging.
TOOL AND MACHINES Table 2
Tool/ Ma!ine
E"#lana$ion La$!e ma!ine 'achine used to produce the part where the turning, facing, facing, taper, taper, grooving grooving and knurling process operation can be done.
Ben! %a& ma!ine !ut the aluminium rod continuosly where the speed of cutting can be adjusted.
Ve'nie' alli#e' 'easu 'easure re the object object(( part part produc produce e with with ).)* mm precision.
2
Ro$a$in( la$!e en$e' nsure that the workpiece was hold at the center and used as a support for the long work piece. )nu'lin( $ool % tool used to make a pattern on the work work piece piece surfa surface, ce, where where it make make the round part easy to hold. D'ill !u* +sed to make a hole in the work piece with various kind of diameter .
Cu$$in( $ool harp tool bit used to remove the unwanted surface to produce a part
C!u* *e+ +sed to tighten the chuck for clamping process.
S#ain( +sed to add the height of the knurling tool.
!ontinue from table *. 3
,ROCEDURE . !ut the alumini aluminium um rod with the the length length given using using the bench bench saw machine machine.. 'easurement of the work piece to cut I. Length / 01 cm II. 2iameter / 31 cm *. Turn Turn on the lathe lathe machin machine e 4. et up the work work piece piece at the lathe machin machine. e. 'ake 'ake sure that that the work piece piece was placed at the center of the chuck. 1. 'easu 'easure re the lengt length h and the diame diameter ter of the work work piece piece before any cutting processes was made. -. ai ain( n( #'o #'oe% e%% % I. et et up the the cutt cuttin ing g tool tool for for faci facing ng pro proce cess ss whe where re the the tool tool bit bit heig height ht was at the center of the work piece to get a smooth cutting surface without leaving any outer surface. II. Then set set the the spin spindl dle e spee speed d with with the the suit suitab able le spee speed d to feed feed the the aluminium material o'mula $o alula$e $!e %#inle %#ee0 V n ɗ 1333 4!e'e 5 V u$$in( %#ee o6 $!e ma$e'ial n '#m ɗ iame$e' o6 ma$e'ial III. III. I5. I5. 5.
%fte %fterr that that mea measu sure re the the dep depth th of of mate materi rial al to to remo remove ve.. Then, Then, on the machin machine e and and contr control ol the the speed speed of the the cuttin cutting g tool tool feed. feed. 6or 6or the the rough rough cut, cut, the the cutti cutting ng tool tool spee speed d can be fast faster er,, and and for the finishing low speed of feeding are recommended to get a smoother surface.
i(u'e 1.E"am#le o6 ain( ,'oe%%.
7. Tu'nin 'nin( ( #'o #'oe% e%% %
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I. II. II. III.
6or 6or the the turni turning ng proc proces ess, s, the the cutti cutting ng tool tool was was set same same as the the facin facing g processes. $emov $emove e the out outer er surf surfac ace e using using roug rough h cut cut metho method d and fin finis ish h the cut cut with low speed of feeding. 2uring 2uring this this proce process, ss, the shape shape of the the work work piec piece e start starting ing to show show up.
i(u'e 2 E"am#le O6 Tu'nin( Tu'nin( ,'oe%% 0. ince ince the other other side of the work work piece are are clamped, clamped, rotate rotate the work piece piece after after the facing ( turning process was done at the other side. 8. C!am C!am6e 6e'' #'o #'oe% e%% % This process is used to make two chamfer at the work piece, 37 and 137 I. Loos Loosen en the the scre screw w of the the tool tool hold holder er and and rotat rotate e it at 37 37 and tig tight hten en it back. II. II. The Then as the the work ork piec iece rota rotate te,, mov move the the cutt cuttin ing g tool tool and and fee feed the the material little by little. III. %fter %fter that that,, rotate rotate the the tool tool hold holder er for for 137, 137, to make make the anothe anotherr chamfer chamfer..
i(u'e 9 0C!am6e' ,'oe%%.
:. ;'oo ;'oo
III. III. Then Then gro groov ove e the the wor work k pie piece ce by 4mm 4mm dep depth th.. ). ince the diameter of the work piece clamped was small than the other side, the work piece become unbalanced when rotated and need support. o I. nsure nsure that that the the work work piece piece was centr centred ed with with the tailst tailstock ock cente center. r. II. II. $epl $eplac aced ed the the cen cente terr at the the tai tails lsto tock ck with with chuc chuck k drill drill.. III. III. Then Then dril drilll the bott bottom om of of the work work piec piece e to make make a hole hole abou aboutt ).9mm ).9mm depth I5. I5. $eplac $eplaced ed the the drill drill back back with with the the cente centerr and placed placed the top of the the cent center er in the hole to support the work piece
i(u'e = 0 ;'oo
i(u'e - 0 )nu'lin( ,'oe%% *. !lean the machine and turn off the machine power supply after the work done.
RESULT
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i(u'e 7 0 inal Re%ul$
DISCUSSION 2uring the practical on machining, some problem were faced, and we will discuss how to overcome it. 7
1.> Mea%u'emen$ o6 $!e &o'* #iee #iee une
Clam#in( lea
CONCLUCION Lath Lathe e mchi mchine ne was was used used a deca decade des s ago, ago, wher where e it;s it;s func functi tion on was was relev releven en unti untill nowadays. 6rom manual operation until the automatic !"! machine was build, this machin machine e tool tool had contrib contribute ute largely largely in the indust industria riall indust industries ries manufa manufactu cturin ring g processses.
REERENCES ,eo#le
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