Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community This unit emphasizes nouns, plurals, definite article ( the) and indefinite articles (a and an), and the verb to be.
Unit Focus Communication
• Greet others others and exchange essential personal information (e.g., home address, telephone number, place of origin, and general health). (FL.A.1.1.2) • Restate and and rephrase rephrase simple simple information information from from materials materials presented orally, visually, and graphically in class. (FL.A.2.1.2) • Provide simple simple information information in spoken spoken form (e.g., descriptions descriptions of family members, friends, objects present in his or her everyday environment, environment, or common school and home activities). (FL.A.3.1.1) Culture
• Recognize patterns of of social behavior or social interaction interaction in various settings (e.g., school, family, or immediate community). (FL.B.1.1.2) • Recognize various familiar familiar objects objects and norms of the target target culture (e.g., toys, dresses, and typical foods). (FL.B.1.1.3) Connections
• Use simple vocabulary and phrases to identify familiar objects and concepts from other disciplines. (FL.C.1.1.1)
Comparisons
• Know examples examples of of word borrowing from one one language language to another. (FL.D.1.1.1) • Use simple simple vocabulary vocabulary and short phrases phrases in the target target language. (FL.D.1.1.2) • Identify examples and understand understand the the significance significance of true and false cognates (i.e., words derived from a common original form). (FL.D.1.2.1) • Recognize the similarities similarities and differences differences between between his or or her native language and the target language in terms of the pronunciation, alphabet, alphabet, and forms of written expression. expression. (FL.D.1.2.2) Experiences
• Know that that many people in the United United States use languages languages other other than English on a daily basis. (FL.E.1.2.1)
Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community Overview You are living in one of the major Spanish-speaking countries right now, where millions of people speak Spanish—the United States! You can hear Spanish in many places in your community—in school, at the mall, on television, as you travel, and at work. Once you learn how to use the Spanish language in class, you will see the thread that links the cultures together and forms our diverse culture in the United States. In this unit you will learn the following: • names names of objects objects • how to make make a word word p plura lurall • the words words for the (el, la, los, las) • the words words for a , an , and some (un, una, unos, unas) • prono pronouns uns • is , am , and are (estar).
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Vocabulario (Vocabulary) Use the vocabulary list below as a reference for this unit.
En la clase (In the Classroom)
la bandera ........................................................................................................ flag
................................................................................................... ............................................ flags las banderas ....................................................... el bolígrafo .......................................................................................................pen la calculadora ..................................................... ........................................................................................ ................................... calculator las calculadoras .................................................................................. calculators la computadora ..................................................................................... computer las computadoras ............................................................................... computers el cuaderno .............................................................................................notebook
....................................................................................... .................................. notebooks los cuadernos ..................................................... el diccionario ....................................................................................... dictionary los diccionarios ................................................................................. dictionaries el escritorio .................................................................................... desk (teacher) los escritorios ...............................................................................desks (teacher)
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.................................................................................. ............................. school la escuela, el colegio ..................................................... las escuelas ................................................................................................ schools
................................................................................................. ........................................... bookcase el estante ...................................................... los estantes ........................................................................................... bookcases la estudiante, la alumna .......................................................... student (female) las estudiantes, las alumnas ................................................ students (females) el estudiante, el alumno ............................................................ student (male) los estudiantes, los alumnos ............. students (all males or a mixed group) el lápiz .......................................................................................................... pencil
................................................................................................... ............................................... pencils los lápices .................................................... el libro ............................................................................................................ book los libros .......................................................................................................books el mapa ............................................................................................................ map los mapas .......................................................................................................maps
............................................................................................... ........................................... book bag la mochila .................................................... las mochilas .......................................................................................... book bags
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Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
la página .........................................................................................................page
.................................................................................................... ................................................... pages las páginas ................................................. .......................................................................................................... ................................................... paper el papel ....................................................... los papeles .................................................................................................. papers la pizarra ............................................................................................. chalkboard las pizarras ........................................................................................chalkboards
................................................................. .................. teacher (male) el profesor, el maestro ............................................... males or a mixed group) los profesores, los maestros ............... teachers (all males ............................................................ ..... teacher (female) la profesora, la maestra ....................................................... las profesoras, las maestras ................................................. teachers (females)
.......................................................................................................... ..................................................... door la puerta ..................................................... las puertas ..................................................................................................... doors
....................................................................................... .................................... desk (student) el pupitre ................................................... los pupitres .................................................................................. desks (student) la regla .............................................................................................................ruler
....................................................................................................... ................................................... rulers las reglas ....................................................
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el sacapuntas .............................................................................pencil sharpener los sacapuntas ...................................................... ......................................................................... ................... pencil sharpeners la silla ............................................................................................................. chair las sillas .........................................................................................................chairs la ventana ................................................................................................ window las ventanas ............................................................................................windows
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True Cognates
...................................................................................... ................................. ambulance la ambulancia ..................................................... la banana ................................................................................................... banana
................................................................................................... ................................................. bicycle la bicicleta .................................................. ....................................................................................... .................................. chocolates los chocolates ..................................................... el color ............................................................................................................ color contento ..................................................... .................................................................................... ............................... content or happy delicioso .................................................................................................. delicious
....................................................................................... ..................................... dentist (male) el dentista .................................................. la dentista ................................................................................... dentist (female) excelente ..................................................................................................excellent
....................................................................................................... ............................................................. ..... photo la foto ............................................... horrible ..................................................................................................... horrible el hospital .................................................. ................................................................................................. ............................................... hospital imposible ............................................................................................. impossible inteligente ............................................................................................ intelligent la mamá ..........................................................................................mama or mom
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las medicinas ....................................................................................... medicines
....................................................................................................... ................................................ nation la nación ....................................................... optimista ............................................................................................... optimistic el poema ........................................................................................................ poem positivo ..................................................................................................... positive presentar ................................................................................................to present el presidente .......................................................................................... president
....................................................................................................... ........................................................... .... radio el radio ................................................ los radios ..................................................................................................... radios rápido .............................................................................................................rapid el restaurante ....................................................................................... restaurant el sandwich ........................................................................................... sandwich
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False Cognates
bizarro ........................................................................................................... brave el éxito ........................................................................................................ success el pan ............................................................................................................. bread pretender .......................................................................................................to try la tuna .................................................................................................prickly pear
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Definite Articles
el .................................................................................... the (masculine singular) la .......................................................................................the (feminine singular) los ...................................................................................... the (masculine plural) las .........................................................................................the (feminine plural)
Indefinite Articles
un ............................................................................ a or an (masculine singular) una .............................................................................a or an (feminine singular) unos .............................................................................. some (masculine plural) unas ..................................................... ................................................................................. ............................ some (feminine plural)
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Subject Pronouns
............................................................................................................... ...................................................................... .............. I yo ....................................................... tú .................................................................................................... you (informal)
.................................................................................................. ................................................. you (formal) usted ................................................. ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................ .................... he él ............................................... ella ..................................................................................................................... she
........................................................... ..... we (all males or a mixed group) nosotros ...................................................... nosotras ....................................................................................... we (all females)
............................................................................................... ........................................ you (plural) ustedes ....................................................... ellos .................................................. .............................................................. ............ they (all males or a mixed group) group) ellas ................................................... ............................................................................................ ......................................... they (all females)
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The Verb estar (To Be)
yo estoy ........................................................................................................... I am tú estás ................................................. ..................................................................................... .................................... you are (informal) usted está ................................................................................... you are (formal) él está ............................................................................................................... he is ella está ......................................................................................................... she is
mixed group) nosotros estamos ..................................... we are (all males or a mixed ................................................................. ................ we are (all females) nosotras estamos ................................................. ustedes están ...............................................................................you are (plural) ellos están .............................................. they are (all males or a mixed group) ellas están .......................................................................... they are (all females)
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Words
......................................................................................................... .................................................... goodbye adiós ..................................................... el amigo ........................................................................................... friend (male) bien .......................................................................................................fine or well
........................................................................................................... .................................................... city la ciudad ....................................................... ...................................................................................... .................................... class or classroom la clase .................................................. ¿cómo? ........................................................................................... how? or what? ¿cuántos(as)? ..................................................................................... how many? cuatro ..................................................................................................................... 4 diez ...................................................................................................................... 10 dos .......................................................................................................................... 2
......................................................................................................... ................................................................ ........ inor on en ................................................. escuchen .........................................................................................................listen el español .................................................................................................. Spanish
.................................................................................. ................................ thanksor thank you gracias ..................................................
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hay ..........................................................................................there is or there are hola .........................................................................................................hello or hi
........................................................................................................... ............................................................ ..... light la luz .................................................... la mesa ............................................................................................................table
..................................................................................................... ................................................ model el modelo ..................................................... la moto .................................................................................................motorcycle la práctica .................................................................................................. practice ¿qué? ............................................................................................................. what? repitan .......................................................................................................... repeat seis ......................................................................................................................... 6 el tiburón ...................................................................................................... shark tres ......................................................................................................................... 3 el vocabulario .................................................................................... vocabulary y ......................................................................................................................... and
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Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
Sentences
¿Cómo se dice chair en español? ......... How does one say chair in Spanish? Se dice silla. .....................................................................One says chair.
¿Cuántos lápices hay? .......................................How many pencils are there? Hay siete. ........................................................................There are seven.
¿Cuántos libros hay? ...........................................How many books are there? Hay un libro en la mesa. .................... There is one book on the table. Hay dos libros en la mesa. ............There are two books on the table.
Tengo un lápiz. ............................................................................I have a pencil.
....................................................... ...... I have a calculator. calculator. Tengo una calculadora. .................................................
going? How are you? you? Hola. ¿Qué tal? ¿Cómo estás? ................. Hi. How’s it going? Bien, gracias. Adiós. ........................................ Fine, thanks. Goodbye.
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classroom. Ella está en la clase. ..................................................... She is in the classroom. Ella está bien. ...................................................................................... She is fine. Yo estoy bien. .........................................................................................I am fine. Nosotros estamos contentos. ............................................... ..................................................... ...... We are happy. happy.
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Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
En la clase (In the Classroom) This section focuses on language related to the classroom. You will learn the Spanish words for different objects found in a classroom. Below are some items and people found in a typical classroom. Can you find all of these items and people in your classroom? Look around and see. el lápiz
el libro
la computadora
el bolígrafo
pencil
book
pen
computer la calculadora
la profesora, la maestra
calculator
la bandera
female teacher el profesor, el maestro
male teacher
flag
la estudiante, la alumna
el cuaderno el estudiante, el alumno
el papel
notebook female student
male student
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paper
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la puerta
el escritorio el pupitre
desk (teacher) door
desk (student)
el estante la ventana la página
page
window
bookcase
la escuela, el colegio
la pizarra la silla
chair
school chalkboard la mochila
el mapa
el diccionario el sacapuntas
la regla book bag map
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ruler
dictionary pencil sharpener
Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
Práctica (Practice) En la clase (In the Classroom) classroom items and people in Spanish. Listen and repeat as the Below are classroom teacher models the following classroom items and people in Spanish.
escuchen (listen) repitan (repeat) el lápiz .................. pencil
el escritorio .......... desk (teacher)
el bolígrafo .......... pen
el pupitre ............. desk (student)
el libro .................. book
la puerta ............... door
la computadora ... computer
la ventana ............ window
la profesora, la maestra ............. teacher (female)
la página .............. page el estante .............. bookcase
el profesor, el maestro ............ teacher (male)
la silla ................... chair
la calculadora ...... calculator
la pizarra .............. chalkboard
la bandera ............ flag
la escuela, el colegio .............. school
el estudiante, el alumno ............. student (male)
el mapa ................. map
la estudiante, la alumna ............. student (female) el papel ................. paper el cuaderno .......... notebook
la regla .................. ruler la mochila ............ book bag el diccionario ...... dictionary el sacapuntas ....... pencil sharpener
Now, listen and repeat the classroom items again.
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Práctica (Practice) Answer the following in Spanish. Refer to previous practice as needed. Modelo (Model):
¿Cómo se dice chair en español?
How does one say chair in Spanish?
Se dice silla.
One says chair .
1. ¿Cómo ¿Cómo se dice dice window en español? Se dice
.
2. ¿Cómo ¿Cómo se dice dice book en español? Se dice
.
3. ¿Cómo ¿Cómo se dice dice paper en español? Se dice
.
4. ¿Cómo ¿Cómo se dice dice door en español? Se dice
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.
Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
Práctica (Practice) Circle the letter of the correct answer. Refer to pages 117-118 as needed.
1. What What could could be in la mochila? a. el cuad cuader erno no b. b. la puer puerta ta c. la vent ventan anaa 2. What What could could not be in la clase de español ? a. b. b. c.
la piza pizarr rraa la comp comput utad ador oraa la escu escuel elaa
3. What What could could not be on el estante ? a. la sill sillaa b. b. el dicci diccion onar ario io c. el lib libro 4. What What could could not be on el escritorio ? a. b. b. c.
la regla el pupi pupitr tree el papel
5. What What could could not be on el pupitre? a. b. b. c.
el pape pell el láp lápiz la piza pizarr rraa
6. What could could you you sharpen sharpen with el sacapuntas ? a. el láp lápiz b. b. la pági página na c. el bolí bolígr graf afo o Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
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Práctica (Practice) Match each Spanish word with the correct picture. Write the letter on the line provided.
____ ______ __ 1. la sill sillaa
A.
____ ______ __ 2. el lápi lápizz
B.
____ ______ __ 3. la piza pizarr rraa
C.
____ ______ __ 4. la puer puerta ta
D.
_____ _______ 5. la comput computado adora ra E. ____ ______ __ 6. el libr libro o F. ____ ______ __ 7. la regl reglaa G. ____ ______ __ 8. el pape papell
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H.
____ ______ __ 9. la vent ventan anaa
I.
______ ______ 10. el sacapunt sacapuntas as
J.
Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Words Words : Cognates—True or False Spanish and English have many words that are similar. One reason for this is because Spanish is a Romance language. A Romance language is one that comes from Latin, the language of the ancient Romans. The English language shows Latin influences because Britain was part of the Roman Empire, as was Spain. Another reason is because much of the United States was first settled by Spaniards, and their descendants are now American. Therefore, the Spanish and English languages have thousands of cognates —words that look and sound alike in more than one language. Many cognates often have the same meaning. Examples of cognates : Spanish
English
color ................. color ................. color hospital ............ hospital dentista ............ dentist optimista .......... optimistic imposible ......... impossible rápido ............... rapid
Spanish
English
inteligente ........ ........ intelligen intelligentt positivo ............. positive delicioso ........... delicious horrible ............. horrible excelente .......... excellent presentar .......... presentar .......... present
However, please be aware that some cognates may fool you. Such cognates are called false cognates. False cognates are words that look the same (or almost the same) but have different meanings. Examples of false false cognates : English
meaning
Spanish
meaning
pan .................... .................... cooking dish .................. .................. pan .................... .................... bread bizarre ............... strange .......................... .......................... bizarro .............. brave exit ..................... ..................... the way way out .................... .................... éxito .................. .................. success pretender pretender ........... faker .............................. .............................. pretender .... pretender ......... ....... to try tuna ................... ................... fish .......................... ................................. ....... tuna ................... ................... prickly pear pear
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Making Nouns Plural It’s easy to make nouns plural in Spanish. Here are the basic rules: • A noun ending ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) u) is made plural by adding an -s. Example: libro
libros
• A noun ending ending in a consonant (any (any letter that is not not a vowel) is made plural by adding an -es. Example: papel
papel es
• A noun ending ending in -z is made plural by changing the -z to -c , then adding -es. Example: lápiz
lápi ces
• A noun noun that ends in -s when it is singular is not changed for the plural form. Example: sacapuntas
sacapuntas
In the practice on the following page, we will use some Spanish and English nouns that are cognates —words that look and sound alike. This will help to increase your Spanish vocabulary as you use the rules above to make the nouns plural.
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Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
Práctica (Practice) Make the following Spanish nouns plural. One or more of the words below are cognates . Remember: Cognates are words that you can understand because the words look or sound like English words.
Review the basic rules for making Spanish nouns plural. • A noun ending ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) is made plural by adding an -s. • A noun ending ending in a consonant (any letter letter that is not a vowel) is made plural by adding an -es. • A noun ending ending in -z is made plural by changing the -z to -c , then adding -es. • A noun noun that ends in -s when it is singular is not changed for the plural form. 1. sand sandwi wich ch 2. profes profesora ora 3. bana banana na 4. radi radio o 5. lápi lápizz 6. bici bicicl clet etaa
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7. restau restauran rante te 8. pape papell 9. cuad cuader erno no 10. 10. sill sillaa 11. 11. regl reglaa 12. 12. diccio dicciona nario rio 13. 13. ambula ambulanci nciaa 14. 14. mapa mapa 15. 15. profe profesor sor
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Práctica (Practice) Answer the following in English and Spanish. Use the list below to write the correct number in Spanish. cuatro diez
dos seis
tres
Modelo (Model): ¿Cuántos lápices hay?
How many Hay
There are
pencils siete
are there?
.
7
.
1. ¿Cuántas ¿Cuántas sillas sillas hay? hay? How many
Hay
are there?
.
There are
.
2. ¿Cuántos ¿Cuántos libros libros hay? How many
Hay There are
Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
are there?
. .
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3. ¿Cuántas ¿Cuántas computado computadoras ras hay? hay? How many
Hay
are there?
. .
There are
4. ¿Cuántas ¿Cuántas puertas puertas hay? How many
Hay
are there?
.
There are
.
5. ¿Cuántos ¿Cuántos sacapunt sacapuntas as hay? How many
Hay There are
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are there?
. .
Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community
Práctica (Practice) Make the following Spanish nouns singular .
1. vent ventan anas as 2. regl reglas as 3. chocol chocolate atess 4. estud estudian iantes tes 5. libr libros os 6. medic medicina inass 7. esta estant ntes es 8. pági página nass 9. mapa mapass 10. bander banderas as 11. 11. sill sillas as 12. escue escuelas las
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Práctica (Practice) Change the following Spanish nouns from singular to plural or from plural to singular.
1. pupi pupitr tree 2. moch mochil ilas as 3. calcul calculado adoras ras 4. foto 5. pape papell 6. piza pizarr rras as 7. cuader cuaderno noss 8. puer puerta tass 9. escri escritor torio io 10. sacap sacapunt untas as
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Unit 2: Using Spanish in Your Community