LESSON PLAN IN IMPORTANCE OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: 1. Recall the functions of digestive system. 2. Draw the parts of digestive system. 3. Discuss the importance of the digestive system. II. Subject Matter A. Topic: Human Digestive System B. References: B.1) Exploring Life Through Science: Biology By: Ramon, J.A. pg: 249- 256 B.2) Modern Biology By: Ocampo, P.B. pg: 599- 615 C. Materials: For teachers: visual aids, laptop, projector For students: notebook, paper, ballpen D. Teaching Strategies: D.1) Discussion Method D.2) Lecture Method III. Procedure Teacher’s Activity
Student’s Activity
A. Daily Routine A.1. Prayer Let us pray first. A.2. Greetings Good morning, class! A.3. Conditioning of the room Pick up the pieces of paper. A.4. Checking of Attendance Say present as I call your name. . B. Recall Before we start our new lesson let us have a short review regarding to our previous lesson.
(one of the student will lead the prayer )
Good morning, ma’am!
(Students will pick up the pieces of paper)
(Students will say present as the teacher call their names.)
What are the parts of digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, rectum, anus, small and large intestine
C. Motivation (The teacher groups her students into two groups.) I have questions; you’re going to answer what parts of digestive system it is. It breaks down the food into smaller pieces and mixes it with saliva.
Mouth
Very good. Liver It produces bile and processes nutrients obtained from food. Correct! It is a muscular tube down which travels from the mouth to the stomach.
Esophagus.
You’re answer is correct. It secretes juices that get digestion underway.
Stomach.
Correct! It stores bile.
Gall bladder.
Nice Answer. It secretes enzymes into the small intestine.
Pancreas.
Very well sad. It stores the waste until it leaves the body through anus.
Rectum.
Very good. It is the main site where food is digested. Nice answer.
Small Intestine.
And last questions, It absorbs water from digestive waste.
Large Intestine.
(Teacher will decide who wins in the game.)
D. Presentation Now, let us proceed to our new lesson.
.
We discussed already the functions of various parts of digestive system. Now, we discuss the importance of digestive system. Do you think what the importance of the digestive system is?
The importance of digestive system is to break down the food we eat into smaller units called nutrients.
That’s right. The nutrients are then absorbed into the bloodstream and fuel the body’s activities. The mouth takes in food and begins the digestive process, which continues in the stomach. The food then passes to the intestines, which complete the process. Enzymes – substances that speed up chemical reactions in the body – play a key part in breaking down food. Each parts of digestive system are important. What is the importance of mouth in digestive system?
The mouth is the hollow cavity that allows food and air to enter the body.
That’s right.
The mouth contains many other organs - such as the teeth, tongue, and the ducts of the salivary glands that work together to aid in the ingestion and digestion of food. The mouth also plays a major role in the production of speech through the movements of the tongue, lips and cheeks.
The liver is a large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly. Weighing about 3 pounds. Do you think what is the natural color of a liver?
The liver is reddish-brown in color.
Right answer. Normally you can’t fell the liver, because it’s protected by the rib cage. What are the two large sections of the liver?
The right and left lobes.
The liver's main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. The liver also detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. As it does so, the liver secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines. The liver also makes proteins important for blood clotting and other functions. What is esophagus?
Correct. The esophagus is about 8 inches long, and is lined by moist pink tissue
Esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach.
called mucosa. The esophagus runs behind the windpipe (trachea) and heart, and in front of the spine. Just before entering the stomach, the esophagus passes through the diaphragm. What do you call to the top and low end of the esophagus?
Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
Well said. The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a bundle of muscles at the top of the esophagus. The muscles of the UES are under conscious control, used when breathing, eating, belching, and vomiting. They keep food and secretions from going down the windpipe.
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a bundle of muscles at the low end of the esophagus, where it meets the stomach. When the LES is closed, it prevents acid and stomach contents from traveling backwards from the stomach. The LES muscles are not under voluntary control. The stomach is the main food storage tank of the body. If it were not for the stomach’s storage capacity, we would have to eat constantly instead of just a few times each day. The stomach also secretes a mixture of acid, mucus, and digestive enzymes. What is the role of digestive enzymes in our body?
It helps to digest and sanitize our food while it is being stored.
Where we found stomach in our body?
It located just inferior to the diaphragm in the left part of the abdominal cavity. Located between the esophagus and the duodenum.
Very good! The gallbladder is a pear-shaped, hollow structure located under the liver and on the right side of the abdomen. It serves as a reservoir for bile while it’s not being used for digestion. The gallbladder's absorbent lining concentrates the stored bile. How do bile helps the digestive process?
The bile helps the digestive process by breaking up fats. It also drains waste products from the liver into the duodenum, a part of the small intestine.
Nice answer. To identify the pancreas, what is the shape of it?
The pancreas is a wing-shaped gland that extends from the duodenum (the upper portion of the small intestine) to the spleen.
That’s right.
The pancreas aids in digestion by producing enzymes that digest several types of nutrients, including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid, a common acid that acts as building block in DNA and is essential for all living things. What are the important hormones that help regulate the level of sugar in the blood?
Insulin and glucagon.
Correct.
What do you call to the people whose
It is known as diabetes. Type 1
pancreases do not produce enough insulin have a condition?
diabetics have a pancreas that does not produce any insulin, and they must administer the hormone via injections through their skin. Type 2 diabetics produce an insufficient amount of insulin.
Very well said.
The rectum is the concluding part of the large intestine that terminates in the anus. The average length of the human rectum may range between 10 and 15 cm. Its diameter can be compared to that of the sigmoid colon (the part of the large intestine nearest the rectum) at its onset. However, it becomes larger near the anus, where it forms the rectal ampulla. What is the role of the rectal ampulla?
You’re right. The expansion of the rectal walls causes the stretch receptors within the walls to stimulate the urge to defecate. If the defecation process is delayed, it may result in constipation. When the storage site becomes full, the intrarectal pressure causes the anal canal walls to dilate and expand. This results in the feces entering the canal.
The small intestine is made up of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Together with the esophagus, large intestine, and the stomach, it forms the gastrointestinal tract. In the small intestine food that has already been broken down by chewing and stomach enzymes is further degraded by additional enzymes. The large intestine comprises of the
The key role of the rectal ampulla is to act as a temporary storehouse for feces.
second part of the alimentary canal. The large intestine consists of the cecum and colon. It begins at the right iliac region of the pelvis (the region just at or below the right waist) where is continues from the small intestine and continues up the abdomen. Thereafter it traverses across the width of the abdominal cavity, and then it turns down, continuing to its endpoint at the anus. What is the important role of the anus in digestive system? E. Generalization
It excretes the digestive wastes.
The human digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that processes food. In order to use the food we eat, our body has to break the food down into smaller molecules that it can process; it also has to excrete waste. Most of the digestive organs (like the stomach and intestines) are tube-like and contain the food as it makes its way through the body. The digestive system is essentially a long, twisting tube that runs from the mouth to the anus, plus a few other organs (like the liver and pancreas) that produce or store digestive chemicals. F. Application Draw and label the digestive system.
G. Valuing Digestion is important for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. Food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients before the blood absorbs them and carries them to cells throughout the body.
(Students draw the digestive system.)
IV. Evaluation: Match column A with those column B. Write your answer before each number.
Column A ______1. Mouth
a. The hollow cavity that allows food and air the enter the body.
______2. Liver
b. a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach.
______3. Large intestine
c. It is the main food storage tank of the body.
______4. Small intestine
d. made up of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
______5. Anus
e. Intestine consists of the cecum and colon.
______6. Stomach
f. concluding part of the large intestine that terminates in the anus.
______7. Rectum
g. a wing-shaped gland that extends from the duodenum (the upper portion of the small intestine) to the spleen.
______8. Gall bladder
h. It excretes the digestive wastes.
______9. Esophagus
i. a large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly.
______10. Pancreas
j. a pear-shaped, hollow structure located under the liver and on the right side of the abdomen. k. digestive process by breaking up fats.
V. Assignment: 1. Discuss the function of the excretory system. 2. Enumerate the organs in the excretory system of human body and give their function. Reference: Modern Biology By: Ocampo, P.B. Page: 630- 634
Prepared by: Catherine B. Dela Cruz Shella R. Gabriel.
Mary Joy V. Monsanto Frengelyn dela Cruz Submitted to: Herbert M. de Jesus.
