Lost soundtrack arranger for piano.Full description
BFG Campaign scenario used at a local GW
conan rpgDescripción completa
Descripción: Acholonu - Unearthing lost city.pdf Buy Books By This Author: http://amzn.to/1DWJqFV
Barbershop chart of the song Lost.
Lost Circulation
Measurable loss of whole mud (liquid phase and solid phase) to the the formation. Lost circulation can occur at any depth during any operation
2003
1
Lost Circulation ADVERSE EFFECTS ON DRILLING OPERATIONS SURFACE HOLE • LOSS OF DRIVE PIPE OR CONDUCTOR SHOE • HOLE CLEANING PROBLEMS • HOLE BRIDGE OR COLLAPSE • STUCK-PIPE • WELL CONTROL PROBLEMS • LOSS OF THE WELL
2003
2
Lost Circulation ADVERSE EFFECTS ON DRILLING OPERATIONS SURFACE HOLE • LOSS OF DRIVE PIPE OR CONDUCTOR SHOE • HOLE CLEANING PROBLEMS • HOLE BRIDGE OR COLLAPSE • STUCK-PIPE • WELL CONTROL PROBLEMS • LOSS OF THE WELL
2003
2
Lost Circulation ADVERSE EFFECTS ON DRILLING OPERATIONS INTERMEDIATE HOLE • • • • • • • • •
LOSS OF FLUID LEVEL MONITORING LOSS OF FORMATION EVALUATION HOLE CLEANING PROBLEMS HOLE BRIDGE OR COLLAPSE EXTENDED WELLBORE EXPOSURE TIME STUCK-PIPE WELL CONTROL PROBLEMS UNDER GROUND BLOWOUT ADDITIONAL CASING STRINGS
2003
3
Lost Circulation ADVERSE EFFECTS ON DRILLING OPERATIONS PRODUCTION HOLE • LOSS OF FLUID LEVEL MONITORING • LOSS OF FORMATION EVALUATION • HOLE CLEANING PROBLEMS • HOLE BRIDGE OR COLLAPSE • EXTENDED WELLBORE EXPOSURE TIME
2003
4
Lost Circulation ADVERSE EFFECTS ON DRILLING OPERATIONS PRODUCTION HOLE • STUCK-PIPE • WELL CONTROL PROBLEMS • UNDER GROUND BLOWOUT • ADDITIONAL CASING STRINGS • PRODUCTION ZONE DAMAGE 2003
5
Lost Circulation LOST CIRCULATION MECHANISIMS ―PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE‖ WELLBORE PRESSURE EXCEED THE FRACTURE PRESSURE OF THE FORMATION CAUSING THE ROCK TO CRACK OPEN (FRACTURE)
2003
6
Lost Circulation
PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE
2003
7
Lost Circulation LOST CIRCULATION MECHANISIMS ―NATUARLLAY EXISTING FRACTURES/ HIGH PERMEABILITY‖ OVER BALANCED WELLBORE PRESSURE IS EXPOSED TO A FORMATION WITH UNSEALED FRACTURES OR HIGH PERMEABILITY
2003
8
Lost Circulation
“NATUARLLAY
EXISTING FRACTURES/ HIGH PERMEABILIY”
2003
9
Lost Circulation CAUSES OF LOST CIRCULATION ―PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE‖ • • • • • •
EXCESSIVE MUD WEIGHT ANNULAR FRICTION LOSS WELLBORE PRESSURE SURGES IMPOSED OR TRAPPED PRESSURES SHUT-IN PRESSURES LOW FORMATION PRESSURE
2003
10
Lost Circulation CAUSES OF LOST CIRCULATION ―NATURAL FRACTURES/PERMEABILITY‖ • UNCONSOLIDATED FORMATIONS • FISSURES/FRACTURES • UNSEALED FAULT BOUNDARY • VULGAR/CAVERNOUS FORMATION
2003
11
Lost Circulation PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE CAUSE • WELLBORE PRESSURES ARE GREATER THAN FORMATION FRACTURE PRESSURE • THE FORMATION FRACTURES ALLOWING MUD LOSS
2003
12
Lost Circulation PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE WARNING • PROGNOSED LOSS ZONE • EXCESSIVE MUD WEIGHT • LOW FRACTURE STRENGTH • POOR HOLE CLEANING • WELLBORE PRESSURE SURGES 2003
13
Lost Circulation PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE INDICATORS • MAY BEGIN WITH SEEPAGE LOSS OR POSSIBLY TOTAL LOSS • PIT VOLUME LOSS • EXCESSIVE HOLE FILL • IF SHUT-IN A SUDDEN LOSS OF PRESSURE
2003
14
Lost Circulation PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE FIRST ACTION (TOTAL LOSS) • REDUCE PUMP SPEED TO APPROXIMATELY ½ SPEED • PICK-UP OFF BOTTOM AND STOP THE PUMPS • ZERO THE STROKE COUNTER AND FILL THE ANNULUS WITH WATER OR LIGHT MUD • RECORD THE STROKES IF/WHEN THE ANNULUS BEGINS TO FILL UP • MONITOR THE WELL FOR FLOW 2003
15
Lost Circulation PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE PREVENTITIVE ACTION • MINIMISE MUD WEIGHT AND MAXIMISE SOLIDS REMOVAL • CONTROL RATE OF PENETRATION • MINIMSE WELLBORE PRESSURE SURGES • AVOID IMPOSED OR TRAPPED PRESSURE
2003
16
Lost Circulation NATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY PERMEABILIY CAUSE • WELLBORE PRESSURE IS OVERBALANCED TO THE FORMATION PRESSURE • MUD LOST TO NATURAL FRACTURESAND/OR HIGH PERMEABILITY
2003
17
Lost Circulation NATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY PERMEABILIY WARNING • PROGNOSED LOSS ZONE • LOST CIRCULATION CAN OCCUR AT ANY TIME DURING ANY OPEN HOLE OPERATION
2003
18
Lost Circulation NATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY PERMEABILIY INDICATORS • MAY BEGIN WITH SEEPAGE LOSS OR POSSIBLY TOTAL LOSS • PIT VOLUME LOSS • STATIC LOSSES DURING CONNECTIONS OR SURVEYS
2003
19
Lost Circulation NATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY FIRST ACTION (TOTAL LOSS) • REDUCE PUMP SPEED TO APPROXIMATELY ½ SPEED • PICK-UP OFF BOTTOM AND STOP THE PUMPS • ZERO THE STROKE COUNTER AND FILL THE ANNULUS WITH WATER OR LIGHT MUD • RECORD THE STROKES IF/WHEN THE ANNULUS BEGINS TO FILL UP • MONITOR THE WELL FOR FLOW 2003
20
Lost Circulation NATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY PREVENTIVE ACTION • MINIMISE MUD WEIGHT • CONTROL RATE OF PENETRATION • MINIMSE WELLBORE PRESSURE SURGES • PRE-TREAT WITH LCM
2003
21
Lost Circulation LOSS SEVERITY CLASSIFICATIONS SEEPAGE LOSS
PARTIAL LOSS
TOTAL LOSS
(< 20 BBLS/HOUR)
(> 20 BBLS/HOUR)
(NO RETURNS)
1.
GRADUAL LOSSES
2.
OPERATION NOT INTERUPTED
3.
POSSIBLE WARNING OF INCREASED LOSS SEVERITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
2003
IMMEDIATE DROP IN FLUID LEVEL WHEN PUMPING IS STOPPED SLOW TO REGAIN RETURNS WHEN STARTING CIRCULATION OPERATIONS USUALLY INTERUPTED
1.
RETURN FLOW STOPS IMMEDIATELY
2.
PUMP PRESSURE DECREASE
3.
STRING WEIGHT INCREASE
4.
OPERATIONS SUSPENDED
5.
REMEDIAL ACTION REQUIRED
REMEDIAL ACTION REQUIRED 22
Lost Circulation METHODS FOR LOCATING LOSS DEPTH
SUCCESSFUL TREATING OF LOST CIRCULATION DEPENDS GREATLY ON LOCATING THE DEPTH OF THE LOSS ZONE
2003
23
Lost Circulation METHODS FOR LOCATING LOSS DEPTH
SURVEY METHODS
PRACTICAL METHODS
• TEMPERATURE SURVEY
• OFFSET DATA
• ACOUSTIC LOG
• GEOLOGISTIC/LOGGER IDENIFIES POTENTIAL LOSS ZONE
Lost Circulation CONSIDERATIONS FOR SURVEY METHODS • SURVEY TOOLS ARE NOT ALWAYS AVAILABLE • CONSIDERABLE TIME REQUIRE TO RUN THE SURVEY • SURVEYS REQUIRE LARGE VOLUMES OF MUD • RESULTS ARE OFTEN DIFFICULT TO INTERPRET • POSSIBILITY OF LOSING THE SURVEY TOOL IN THE HOLE
2003
25
Lost Circulation GUIDELINE FOR LOST CIRCULATION SOLUTIONS ACTION
RESULTS
MINIMISE MUD WEIGHT
REDUCE WELLBORE PRESSURES, (THE DRIVING FORCE PUSHING MUD INTO THE LOSS ZONE)
1.
MORE SUCCESSFUL WITH PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURES
2.
POSSIBLE WELL CONTROL AND HOLE STABILITY PROBLEMS
REACTIVE CLAYS SWELL WITH WBM PRODUCING A PLUGGING EFFECT
1.
MORE SUCCESSFUL WITH FRESH WATER MUD LOST TO SHALE
2.
BETTER RESULTS WITH LCM
3.
NORMAL 6-8 HOURS WAITING TIME WITH THE STRING INSIDE THE CASING
FORMATION ―HEALING TIME‖
2003
CONSIDERATIONS
26
Lost Circulation GUIDELINE FOR LOST CIRCULATION SOLUTIONS ACTION
RESULTS
LOSS CIRCULATION MATERIAL (LCM)
EFEECTIVELY BRIDGES, MATS AND SEALS SMALL TO MEDIUM FRACTURES OR PERMEABLITY
SPECIAL TECHNIQUES
2003
A PLUG BASE IS PUMPED INTO THE LOSS ZONE FOLLOWED BY A CHEMICAL ACTIVATOR. THE TWO MATERIALS FORM A SOFT PLUG
CONSIDERATIONS 1.
LESS EFFECTIVE WITH LARGE FRACTURES OR FAULTS
2.
INEFFECTIVE WITH CAVERNOUS ZONES
3.
INCREASE THE LCM LBS/BBL WITH LOSS SEVERITY
1.
CAN BE USED IN PRODUCTION ZONES
2.
INCREASED RISK OF PLUGGING EQUIPMENT
3.
PLUG BREAKS DOWN WITH TIME 27
Lost Circulation GUIDELINE FOR LOST CIRCULATION SOLUTIONS ACTION
RESULTS
CEMENT
CEMENT SLURRY IS SQUEEZED INTO THE LOSS ZONE UNDER INJECTION PRESSURE
1.
PROVIDES A ―FIT TO FORM‖SOLID PLUG AT OR NEAR THE STRESS OF THE SURRONDING FORMATION
DRILLING BLIND
IN SOME CASES THE ONLY PRACTICAL SOLUTION IS TO DRILL WITHOUT RETURNS
1.
NOT A CONSIDERATION WHERE WELL CONTROL PROBLEMS POTENTIALLY EXIST
2.
SET CASING IN THE FIRST COMPETENT FORMATION
2003
CONSIDERATIONS
28
Lost Circulation GUIDELINES FOR SUCCESSFUL LCM RESULTS • LOCATING THE LOSS ZONE AND ACCURATE PILL DISPLACEMENT IS VITAL. POSITION THE STRING +/100 FEET ABOVE THE LOSS ZONE, DO NOT STOP PUMPING UNTIL THE PILL CLEARS THE BIT. • INSURE THAT THE BASE MUD VISCOSITY WILL SUPPORT THE LCM VOLUME ADDED. ADD FRESH WATER GEL TO A PREMIXED LCM PILL IMMEDIATELY BEFORE PUMPING, FRESH GEL CONTINUES TO YIELD AFTER SPOTTING. 2003
29
Lost Circulation GUIDELINES FOR SUCCESSFUL LCM RESULTS • AN EFFECTIVE LCM PILL BRIDGES, MATS AND THEN SEALS OFF THE LOSS ZONE, PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND PILL FORMULATION MUST SATISFY THESE REQUIREMENTS. CONSULT THE LCM PRODUCT GUIDE PRIOR TO APPLYING THE PILL. • USE LARGE NOZZLE SIZES IF THE LOSS POTENTIAL IS HIGH. KEEP THE STRING MOVING DURING THE PILL SPOTTING OPERATION TO AVOID STUCK-PIPE. 2003
30
Lost Circulation LOSS CIRCULATION MATERIAL (LCM) MATERIAL
DEFINITION 1.
FINE (F) A PORTION OF THE MATERIAL WILL PASS THROUGH THE SHAKER SCREENS
2.
MEDIUN (M) MAJORITY OF MATERIAL WILL SCREEN-OUT AT THE SHAKERS
3.
COARSE (C) ALL MATERIAL WILL SCREEN OUT AT THE SHAKER. WILL PLUG JETS AND DOWNHOLE TOOLS. RECOMMENDED WITH OPEN-ENDED PIPE
FIBROUS & FLAKED
1.
NON-RIGID MATERIALS THAT FORM A MAT ON THE HOLE TO PROVIDE A FOUNDATION FOR NORMAL FILTER CAKE DEVELOPMENT
GRANULAR
1.
RIGID MATERIAL THAT PLUG THE PERMEABLITY OF THE LOSS ZONE
GRADES
2003
31
Lost Circulation LOSS CIRCULATION MATERIAL (LCM) MATERIAL
DEFINITION
LCM BLEND
1.
A COMBINATION OF FIBROUS, FLAKED AND GRANULAR MATERIALS IN ONE SACK
CELLULOSTIC
1.
SIZED WOOD DERIVED MATERIALS USED TO PREVENT SEEPAGE/PARTIAL LOSSES
CALCIUM CARBONATE
1.
SIZED LIMESTONE OR MARBLE (ACID SOLUBLE) USED FOR SEEPAGE/PARTIAL LOSS IN PRODUCTION ZONES.
SIZED SALT
1.
GRANULATED SALT (WATER SOLUBLE) DEVELOPED FOR SEEPAGE/PARTIAL LOSS IN PRODUCTION ZONES IN SALTSATURATED SYSTEMS
2003
32
Lost Circulation SEEPAGE LOSS SOLUTIONS (< 20 BBL/HOUR) FIRST ACTION •REDUCE ROP TO LIMIT CUTTING LOAD •MINIMISE MUD RHELOGY
RECOVERY ADD LCM PILL IN 5-10 PPB INCREMENTS. EVALUATE RESULTS OVER 2 CIRCULATIONS BEFORE INCREASING TO THE NEXT LEVEL OF LCM CONCENTRATION. MIX 30 TO 50 BBL BATCHES AS DICTATED BY THE HOLE SIZE. CONSIDER SPOTTING LCM PILL BEFORE POOH.
•MINIMISE GPM
NON-PRODUCTIVE INTERVALS
•MINIMISE WELLBORE SURGES
WBM:
•MINIMISE MW
•LCM BLEND (F)
5-15 PPB
•CONSIDER PULLING
•LCM BLEND (M)
5-15 PPB
INTO THE SHOE
PRODUCTION ZONE EXPOSED WBM:
LIMESTONE (F/M) 5-30 PPB 2003
CELLULOSIC (F/M) 2-25 PPB
•LCM BLEND (F/M) 10-20 PPB
AND WAITING 6 TO 8 HOURS
OBM/SBM
OBM/SBM
CELLULOSIC (F/M) 2-25 PPB LIMESTONE (F/M)
5-15 33 PPB
Lost Circulation THE LCM MIXTURES SHOWN ARE INTENDED AS A GUIDE WHERE NO FIELD EXPERIENCE EXIST. SOME SOLUTIONS MAY REQUIRE 2 – 6 PPB CONCENTRATION IN THE TOTAL MUD SYSTEM. CONSULT YOUR MUD COMPANY FOR AVAILABLE PRODUCTS AND PILL FORMULATIONS BEST SUITED FOR THE AREA 2003
34
Lost Circulation SEEPAGE LOSS SOLUTIONS (< 20 BBL/HOUR) FIRST ACTION •REDUCE ROP TO LIMIT CUTTING LOAD •MIMINISE MUD RHELOGY
RECOVERY ADD LCM PILL IN 5-10 PPB INCREMENTS. EVALUATE RESULTS OVER 2 CIRCULATIONS BEFORE INCREASING TO THE NEXT LEVEL OF LCM CONCENTRATION. MIX 30 TO 50 BBL BATCHES AS DICTATED BY THE HOLE SIZE. CONSIDER SPOTTING LCM PILL BEFORE POOH.
•REDUCE GPM
NON-PRODUCTIVE INTERVALS
•MINIMISE WELLBORE PRESSURE SURGES
WBM: •LCM BLEND (M) 15-25 PPB
CELLULOSIC (F/M) 10-25 PPB
•MINIMISE MW
•LCM BLEND (C)
15-25 PPB
CELLULOSIC (C)
10-25 PPB
•CONSIDER POOH TO SHOE AND WAITING 6-8 HOURS
•WALNUT (M/C)
10-20 PPB
WALNUT (M)
5-15 PPB
2003
OBM/SBM
PRODUCTION ZONE EXPOSED WBM:
OBM/SBM
LCM BLEND (F) 15-25 PPB
CELLULOSIC (F/M) 2-25 PPB
LCM BLEND (M) 5-15 PPB
LIMESTONE (F/M)
CELLULOSIC M 5-15 PPB
35 5-15 PPB
Lost Circulation TOTAL LOSS SOLUTIONS FIRST ACTION •PULL OFF BOTTOM AND KEEP THE STRING MOVING •FILL ANNULUS WITH WATER OR LIGHT MUD •RECORD STROKES IF/WHEN ANNULUS FILLS UP •CONSIDER POOH TO SHOE •MINIMISE WELLBORE PRESSURE SURGES
2003
RECOVERY FORMULATIONS FOR SPECIAL PILLS AND CEMENT ARE DICTATED BY THE CONDITIONS OF EACH INCIDENT
NON-PRODUCTIVE INTERVALS WBM:
OBM/SBM
40 PPB LCM PILL
30-40 PPB LCM PILL
SPECIAL PILL
SPECIAL PILL
CEMENT SQUEEZE
CEMENT SQUEEZE
PRODUCTION ZONE EXPOSED WBM:
OBM/SBM
40 PPB LCM PILL
30-40 PPB LCM PILL
SPECIAL PILL
SPECIAL PILL
CEMENT SQUEEZE
CEMENT SQUEEZE
ADDRESS RESERVOIR NEEDS
36
Lost Circulation THE LCM MIXTURES SHOWN ARE INTENDED AS A GUIDE WHERE NO FIELD EXPERIENCE EXIST. SOME SOLUTIONS MAY REQUIRE 2 – 6 PPB CONCENTRATION IN THE TOTAL MUD SYSTEM. CONSULT YOUR MUD COMPANY FOR AVAILABLE PRODUCTS AND PILL FORMULATIONS BEST SUITED FOR THE AREA 2003
37
Lost Circulation SPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR LOST CIRCULATION MATERIAL (LCM) • LOCATE THE LOSS ZONE • MIX 50 TO 100 BBLS OF MUD WITH 25 – 30 PPB BENTONITE AND 30 – 40 PPB LCM • POSITION THE STRING +/- 100 FEET ABOVE LOSS ZONE • IF OPEN-ENDED, PUMP ½ OF THE PILL INTO THE LOSS ZONE. STOP THE PUMP, WAIT 15 MINUTES AND PUMP THE REMAINDER OF THE PILL 2003
38
Lost Circulation SPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR LOST CIRCULATION MATERIAL (LCM) • IF PUMPING THROUGH THE BIT, PUMP THE ENTIRE PILL AND FOLLOW IT WITH 25 BBLS OF MUD • IF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINED, REPEAT THE PROCEDURE. IF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINED AFTER THIS, WAIT 2 HOURS AND REPEAT THE PROCEDURE • IF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINED AFTER PUMPING THREE PILLS, CONSIDER OTHER OPTIONS TO REGAIN CIRCULATION 2003
39
Lost Circulation SPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL PILLS • IF POSSIBLE DRILL THROUGH THE LOSS INTERVAL. THEN POOH AND RIH OPEN-ENDED DRILLPIPE • POSITION THE STRING +/- 100 FEET ABOVE LOSS ZONE • CLEAN THE MIXING PIT THOROUGHLY. MIX 50 BBLS OF DESIRED PILL • PUMP DOWN THE DRILLSTRING AND PLACE IN THE SUSPECTED ZONE. IF ANNULUS IS NOT FULL, PUMP MUD DOWN THE ANNULUS WHILE PUMPING THE PILL DOWN THE DRILLSTRING 2003
40
Lost Circulation SPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL PILLS • WHEN THE ANNULUS IS FULL, PREPARE TO PERFORM SQUEEZE JOB. APPLY 150 TO 200 PSI ON THE ANNULUS. THIS WILL ―SOFT SQUEEZE‖ THE MATERIAL INTO THE LOSS ZONE
2003
41
Lost Circulation SPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR A GUNK PLUG • IF POSSIBLE DRILL THROUGH THE LOSS INTERVAL. THEN POOH AND RIH OPEN-ENDED DRILLPIPE • POSITION THE STRING +/- 100 FEET ABOVE LOSS ZONE • MIX 100 SX OF CEMENT AND 100 SX OF BENTONITE WITH 50 BBLS OF DIESEL (SLURRY WEIGHT 11.5 PPG 1.39 CUBIC FEET PER SACK) • PUMP DOWN STRING 15 BBLS OF WATER-FREE DIESEL AHEAD AND BEHIND THE GUNK PLUG 2003
42
Lost Circulation SPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR A GUNK PLUG • WHEN THE LEAD DIESEL SPACER REACHES THE BIT, CLOSE THE BOP AND PUMP DOWN THE ANNULUS • PUMP AT 4 BBL/MIN DOWN THE STRING AND 2 BBL/MIN DOWN THE ANNULUS UNTIL THE TAIL SPACER CLEARS THE BIT • RECIPROCATE THE STRING SLOWLY, DO NOT REVERSE CIRCULATE • PULL THE STRING CLEAR OF THE SQUEEZE. PLACE THE SQUEEZE WITH THE CEMENT UNIT. 2003
43
Lost Circulation SPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR A GUNK PLUG • WAIT + 8 HOURS FOR THE GUNK PLUG TO CURE, REPEAT THE PROCEDURE IF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINED. • IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO DRILL OUT THE GUNK BEFORE REPEATING THE PROCEDURE.
2003
44
Lost Circulation SPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR CEMENT • IF POSSIBLE,DRILL THROUGH THE ENTIRE LOST CIRCULATION INTERVAL • POOH AND RIH WITH OPEN-ENDED DP • POSITION THE OPEN-ENDED DP 100 FEET ABOVE THE LOSS ZONE • MIX AND PUMP 50 TO 100 BBLS OF CEMENT SLURRY • FOLLOW THE SLURRY WITH ENOUGH VOLUME OF MUD OR WATER TO BALANCE THE ―U‖ TUBE • WAIT 6 TO 8 HOURS AND ATTEMPT TO FILL THE ANNULUS 2003
45
Lost Circulation SPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR CEMENT • REPEAT THIS PROCEDURE IF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINED • IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO DRILL OUT THE CEMENT BEFORE REPEATING THE PROCEDURE. NOTE THE CEMENT FORMULATION MUST BE TESTED BY THE CEMENT COMPANY TO DETERMINE THE CEMENT THICKENING TIME 2003
46
Lost Circulation LOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES
THE PREVENTION OF LOST CIRCULATION MUST
ALWAYS BE CONSIDERED IN THE WELL PLANNING, DRILLING AND POST ANALYSIS PHASES.
2003
47
Lost Circulation LOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES • DESIGN THE CASING PROGRAMME TO CASE-OFF LOW PRESSURE OR SUSPECTED LOST CIRCULATION ZONES • MAINTAIN THE MUD WEIGHT TO THE MINIMUM REQUIRED TO CONTROL KNOWN FORMATION PRESSURES. HIGH MUD WEIGHTS ARE ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF LOST CIRCULATION • MAINTAIN LOW MUD RHEOLOGY VALUES THAT ARE STILL SUFFICENT TO CLEAN THE HOLE. 2003
48
Lost Circulation LOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES • PRE-TREAT THE MUD SYSTEM WITH LCM WHEN DRILLING THROUGH KNOWN LOST CIRCULATION INTERVALS • ROTATING THE STRING WHEN STARTING TO CIRCULATE HELPS TO BREAK THE GELS AND MINIMISE PUMP PRESSURE SURGES • START CIRCULATION SLOWLY AFTER CONNECTIONS AND PERIODS OF NON-CIRCULATION • MINIMISE ANNULAR RESTRICTIONS 2003
49
Lost Circulation LOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES • USE THE MINIMUM GPM FLOW RATE TO CLEAN THE HOLE WHEN DRILLING THROUGH KNOWN LOST CIRCULATION ZONES • CONTROL ROP WHEN DRILLING KNOWN LOST CIRCULATION ZONES TO AVOID LOADING UP THE ANNULUS WITH CUTTINGS • REDUCE TRIP SPEEDS TO MINIMISE SWAB AND SURGE PRESSURES • PLAN TO BREAK CIRCULATION AT 2 OR 3 DEPTHS WHILE TRIPPING INTO THE HOLE 2003
50
Lost Circulation LOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES • CONSIDER USING JET SIZES OR TFA THAT WILL ALLOW THE USE OF LCM PILLS (+ 12/32‖ JETS) • BE PREPARED FOR MUD LOSSES DUE TO THE SHAKER SCREENS PLUGGING
2003
51
Lost Circulation PRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNS • INSURE AN ADEQUET WATER SUPPLY IS AVAILABLE • USE ONE PUMP TO DRILL AND THE SECOND TO ADD WATER TO THE ANNULUS • ASSIGN A PERSON TO MONITOR THE FLOWLINE AT ALL TIMES • CLOSELY MONITOR TORQUE AND DRAG TO DETERMINE WHEN TO PUMP VISCOUS SWEEPS 2003
52
Lost Circulation PRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNS • CLOSELY MONITOR PUMP PRESSURE WHILE DRILLING FOR INDICATIONS OF PACKING-OFF • CONTROL ROP (IF POSSIBLE) AT ONE JOINT PER HOUR • PICK UP OFF BOTTOM EVERY 15 FEET (3 METRES) DRILLED TO ENSURE THE HOLE IS NOT PACKINGOFF • KEEP THE PIPE MOVING AT ALL TIMES 2003
53
Lost Circulation PRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNS • MAINTAIN 400 – 500 BBLS RESERVE OF VISCOUS MUD READY TO PUMP • CONSIDER SPOTTING HI-VIS PILLS ON BOTTOM PRIOR TO TRIPPING OR LOGGING • STOP DRILLING AND CONSIDER POOH TO THE SHOE IF PUMP REPAIRS ARE REQUIRED • START AND STOP MOVING THE PIPE SLOWLY TO MINIMISE PIPE SPEED 2003
54
Lost Circulation PRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNS • CONSIDER SPOTTING A HI-VIS PILL ABOVE THE BHA PRIOR TO EACH CONNECTION • PRIOR TO EACH CONNECTION, CIRCULATE AND WIPE THE HOLE THOROUGHLY • DO NOT RUN SURVEYS WILL DRILLING BLIND • IF CIRCULATION RETURNS, STOP DRILLING. RAISE THE STRING TO THE SHUT-IN POSITION. STOP THE PUMPS AND CHECK FOR FLOW 2003
55
Lost Circulation PRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNS • IF FLOW IS OBSERVED, CLOSE THE BOP AND OBSERVE THE SHUT-IN PRESSURES: 1. NO SHUT-IN PRESSURE - SLOWLY CIRCULATE BOTTOMS-UP THROUGH TWO OPEN CHOKES 2.
2003
PRESSURE OBSERVED - SLOWLY CIRCULATE THE KICK WITH THE DRILLERS METHOD. BE PREPARED FOR AN UNDERGROUND BLOWOUT 56
Lost Circulation SEALING MATERIALS USED FOR LOST CIRCULATION MATERIAL
