Makalah Informatika - Penerapan Teknologi Informasi Di Indonesia

RLMLPFRFM XLOMGCGEI IMAGPKFTI HI IMHGMLTIF HFCFK KLKRLPGCLN OL\MEE\CFM @LPTFIME Gcln : Hp- T|kfpmg Zfim# TL# K@F# Fo 6- RLMHFN\C\FM 0- RLMLPFRFM XLOMGCGEI IMAGPKFTI HFCFK @ITMIT 4- RLMLPFRFM XLOMGCGEI IMAGPKFTI 8- RLPELTLPFM RFPFHIEKF <- XFMXFMEFM HFCFK KLCFO\OFM XPFMTFOTI

RLMHFN\C\FM Rlpolk`fmefm hfcfk `lp`fefi afoxgp logmgki hfm tgtifc xlcfn klp|`fn cimeo|mefm `itmit- Tlhlkioifm `ltfp rlp|`fnfm xfhi tlnimeef hirlpc|ofm rfpfhiekf `fp| |mx|o hfrfx `lptfime hfcfk cimeo|mefm `itmit yfme `fp|- Hfcfk ofixfm imi rlmlpfrfm xlomgcgei imagpkfti hfcfk `itmit hinfpfrofm hfrfx klk`lpiofm ogmxip`|timyf tldfpf myfxfXfrtdgxx hfm Dftxgm hfcfk –rfpfhiekf tniax : xnl mlu rpgkitl ga  imagpkfxigm xldmgcgey‛  klmelk|ofofm x|j|n rlmhgpgme |xfkf xlp`lmx|omyf cimeo|mefm `itmit `fp| xlptl`|x# yfix| : 6048<15-

Rpgh|dxiqixy ga omguclhel fmh tlpqidl ugpolpt  V|fcixy  Pltrgmtiqltt  Ecg`fcizfxigm  g|xtg|pdime  rfpxmlpime  tgdifc fmh Lmqipgmklmxfc pltrgmti`icixy 

\mx|o `lpnftic hfcfk cimeo|mefm `itmit yfme `fp| xlptl`|x Xfrtdgxx hfm Dftxgm klmfufpofm rlmeeltlpfm rfpfhiekf ol fpfn : & & &

Ugpo+epg|r dgkr|xime  Xnl imxlepfxlh lmxlprpidl  Xnl l~xlmhlh lmxlprpidl 

Kltoir|m hfcfk imxlmtixft yfme cl`in plmhfn# rlp|`fnfm hfcfk cimeo|mefm `itmit hi fxft r|cf xlpjfhi hi Imhgmltif- Rlp|`fnfm xlptl`|x fofm klmjfhi tlkfoim myfxf hlmefm hi`lpcfo|ofmmyf rlphfefmefm `l`ft hi cimeo|mefm Ftlfm rfhf xfn|m 0224 tlpxf hi cimeo|mefm Ftif Rftiaio rfhf xfn|m 0202- gcln ofplmf ix| h|mif `itmit oixf nfp|t `lmfp+`lmfp tifr klmenfhfri rlp|`fnfm+rlp|`fnfm hi fxft-

RLMLPFRFM XLOMGCGEI IMAGPKFTI HFCFK @ITMIT Rfhf hftfpmyf xlomgcgei imagpkfti klmyfmeo|x xief `ihfme# yfix| ? & & &

Rlpfmeofx olpft .nfphufpl) Rlpfmeofx c|mfo .tgaxufpl ) Xlomgcgei ogk|miofti

Frciofti xlomgcgei imagpkfti xlptl`|x klcir|xi rlme|kr|cfm hfm rlmyikrfmfm hfxf# rlkpgtltfm hfxf# tlpxf ogk|miofti hfxf hfm rpgepfk- Gctgm hfm Dg|mxmlx .6990) klmelk|ofofm rlpolk`fmefm frciofti ogkr|xlp hfcfk `itmit tlrlpxi hi`fufn imi :

Dclpidfc Hfxf`ftl Kfmfelklmx Kfmfelklmx imagpkfxigm tytxlk Lmh+|tlp dgkr|xime Hldixigm t|rrgpx tytxlk L~ld|xiql imagpkfxigm tytxlk L~rlpx tytxlk

Rfypgcc# fddg|mxime Txgpfel gaa afdxt# pfu imagpkfxigm Plrlxixiq plrgpx t|rrgpx lmxipl gpefmizfxigm Rlptgmfc tytxlk Hfxf `ftl# kghlc `ftl# imxlpafdl xggct xg fih  j|heklmx agp `pgh rpg`clkt Imhiqih|fc fddlt xg ikklhifxl txfx|t plrgpx xg aimh fmtulp xg v|ltxigm v|idocy Im hlrxn fmfcytit agp mfppgu rpg`clkt

Hi`fmhimeofm hlmefm tffx imi# ogkr|xlp elmlpfti rlpxfkf |o|pfmmyf tfmefx `ltfp# cfk`fx klm|p|x |o|pfm tlofpfme hfm o|pfme kfkr| hfcfk rlmlpfrfm yfme acloti`lc- Hitfkrime ix| nfpefmyf c|fp `iftf kfnfc- Ofplmf t|mee|n kft|o fofc `fnuf rlmlpfrfm ogkr|xlp yfme rlpxfkf hfcfk `itmit fhfcfn |mx|orpg`clk yfme hfrfx hihlaimitiofm tldfpf xlrfx tlpxf klkr|myfi kfmaffx logmgkit yfme `ltfp `fei rlp|tfnffm- Rlmlpfrfm hfcfk rlolpjffm oclpiofc klp|rfofm tfcfn tfx| rlmlpfrfm ogkr|xime hfcfk `itmit yfme rlpxfkfRlmlpfrfm hfcfk rlolpjffm oclpiofc imi klk|meoimofm rlolpjffm yfme cl`in pimdi hi olpjfofm hlmefm cl`in fo|pfx tlpxf hlmefm oldlrfxfm ximeeiHfxf`ftl kfmfelklmx klcir|xi rlmyikrfmfm hfm rlmefk`icfm olk`fci hfxf- Rlmyikrfmfm hfxf klklpc|ofm `ifyf# hfm titxlk ogkr|xlp klkr|myfi olkfkr|fm yfme xlp`fxft kltoir|m klmimeofx hlmefm dlrfx- Frfcfei tlkfoim `fmyfo hfxf yfme hitikrfm tlkfoim t|cix |mx|o hifk`ic olk`fci- Olo|fxfm gpefmitfti hfrfx hirlpgcln hfpi rlmelxfn|fm hikfmf hixlk|ofm hfm `fefikfmf klkrlpgcln olk`fci hfxf tldfpf dlrfx- Ogkr|xlp klkr|myfi rgxlmti yfme  jlcft hfcfk `ihfme imi- Rfolx hfxf `ftl `lptfkf hlmefm jfpimefm kiopgogkr|xlp klk`lpiofm acloti`icixft yfme `ltfp `fei kfmfjlp tldfpf rlptlgpfmefm |mx|o klcfdfo hfxf frfr|m yfme hifmeefr rlmxime# klmeimefx xlomgcgei yfme tfmefx dfmeein |mx|o klkicioi hfxf`ftl yfme klmylc|p|n |mx|o rlp|tfnffm xlcfn hiolk`fmeofm-

Olkfj|fm hfcfk hfcfk xlomgcgei ogkr|xlp hi xfn|m lmfk lmfk r|c|nfm klk`fuf klk`fuf ol rlmlpfrfm ogkr|xlp |mx|o klk`lpiofm olrfhf kfmfjlp fcfx |mx|o klkfmxf| oimlpjf rlp|tfnffm- Kfmfelklmx imagpkfxigm tytxlk  k|md|c |mx|o klmyikrfm hfm klmefk`ic olk`fcci hfxf tldfpf laitilm# kf|r|m |mx|o klmylhifofm imagpkfti `fei kfmfjlklm hi tlk|f ximeofx klcfc|i cfrgpfm hfm hfxf`ftl- Laitilmti klp|rfofm nfc yfme rlmxime# ofplmf hirlpc|ofm titxlk rlpfmeofx olpft yfme `ltfp |mx|o klmegrlpftiofm titxlk xfhi# rlmelk`fmefm rlmlpfrfm `fp|# klklcinfpf titxlk xlptl`|x tlpxf klme|p|tmyf- Kfmfelklmx  imagpkfxigm tytxlk  klmh|o|me tlc|p|n gpefmitfti xlp|xfkf klcfc|i rlcfrgpfm rlpighio fxft imhiofxgp oimlpjf yfme rlmxime- Hfxfmemyf kiopgogkr|xlp yfme plcfxia k|pfn hfm k|hfn hie|mfofm klk|meoimofm rlptgmic mgm+kit |mx|o klmee|mfofm ogkr|xlp .lmh+|tlp dgkr|xime)- Olk|meoimfm rlmee|mffm t|klp hfyf ogkr|xlp tldfpf laloxia xihfo fhf `fxftmyf- Rlmee|mffm ugphrpgdlttime# rfolx hfxf`ftl# trplfhtnllx  tlkfoim kfpfo- Imi klmefoi`fxofm clhfofm –klclo‛ ogkr|xlp hi xfn|m hlcfrfm r|c|nfmKghlc fmfcitit klmylhifofm fcfx |mx|o klkrlcfjfpi rpg`clk rlmefk`icfm olr|x|tfm tldfpf o|fmxixfxia- Agpldftxime  hfm grlpfxigm pltlfpdn  klp|rfofm kghlc fmfcitit yfme `lpe|mf hfcfk rlmefk`icfm olr|x|tfm yfme `fmyfo hie|mfofmOfpfoxlpitxio yfme klk`lhfofm t|fx| hlditigm t|rrgpx titxlk klmdfo|r rlmefotltfm tldfpf imxlpfoxia fxft hfxf hfm kghlc yfme `lpofixfm hlmefm t|fx| olr|x|tfm trltiaio yfme xihfo hfrfx hirldfnofm gcln ogkr|xlp tlkfxf+kfxf# xlxfri klklpc|ofm dfkr|p xfmefm kfm|tif- Trpfe|l hfm Dfpctgm .69>0) klmhlaimitiofm hlditigm t|rrgpx tytxlkt tl`fefi : –titxlk `lp`ftit ogkr|xlp yfme `lptiafx imxlpfoxia |mx|o klk`fmx| rlmefk`ic olr|x|tfm klmee|mfofm hfxf hfm kghlc |mx|o klkldfnofm rpg`clk yfme xfo xlptxp|ox|p‛Hlditigm t|rrgpx tytxlkt  hikfot|hofm |mx|o klk`fmx| klmefk`ic olr|x|tfm xlpxlmx|# tldpf imhiqih|fc kf|r|m hfcfk olcgkrgoj# hfpirfhf |mx|o tlc|p|n gpefmitfti- Hlmefm klmee|mfofm rlptgmlc ogkr|xlp# rlmefk`ic olr|x|tfm .txfamyf) hfrfx klmee|mfofm `lpfmlof xlomio fmfcitit# klmyfhfrofm hfxf`ftl r|tfx fxf| hfxf`ftl on|t|t |mx|o HTT |mx|o imagpkfti on|t|t tldfpf xlrfx ufox|# klmfkricofm nfticmyf hfcfk agpkfx frfr|m yfme hiolnlmhfoi-

Tlrlpfmeofx titxlk ogkr|xlp on|t|t xlcfn hiolk`fmeofm |mx|o klk`fmx| rlmefk`icfm olr|x|tfm hfcfk olcgkrgo# tl`feifm `ltfp titxlk yfme hi|t|cofm |mx|o kfot|h yfme imi# tfkrfi tffx imi# klkago|tofm rfhf klmhgpgme xik`|cmyf ihlf hifmxfpf rltlpxf tlpxf klmegpefmitftiofm rlkioipfm ogcloxia |mx|o klmdfrfi ogmtlmt|t klcfc|i grimi pfxf+pfxf fxf|r|m rlk|me|xfm t|fpf-

L~ld|xia imagpkfxigm tytxlk  hikfot|hofm |mx|o klmhioxlofm t|fx| cimeo|mefm yfme fofm klk`fmx| klplof hfcfk klkfmxf| grlpfti rlp|tfnffm xlrfx rfhf ufox|myf- Imi hicfo|ofm hlmefm klmelk`fmeofm tytxlk yfme klmylhifofm fotlt `fei l~ld|xiql r|mdfo xlpnfhfr cfrgpfm ogmhiti grlpfti rlp|tfnffm hlmefm tlelpf# tlpxf olk|meoimfm |mx|o klmdfpi jfuf`fm fxft rlpxfmyffm yfme hirid| gcln cfrgpfm xfhiL~rlpx tytxlkt  `lp|tfnf |mx|o klmip| olr|x|tfm tlgpfme l~rlpx  hfcfk `ihfme rlpkftfcfnfm xlpxlmx| tlpxf klmdfo|r dfpf+dfpf |mx|o klmegxgkftiofm olr|x|tfm hfcfk cimeo|mefm yfme `lptiafx plrlxixia- Nfc imi dgdgo frf`icf xlphfrfx olcfmeoffm l~rlpx  fxf| `icf grlpfti yfme ogkrclot fofm klmimeofx hlmefm ximhfofm yfme xlrfx-

Tljf|n kfmf xlomgcgei imagpkfti xlcfn hixlpfrofm hi Imhgmltif tlpxf nftic yfme xlcfn hidfrfi# rlpc| hixlcixi tldfpf klmhfcfk- Hfcfk imh|txpi xlpxlmx|# tlrlpxi rlp`fmofm# rlmlpfrfm xlomgcgei tfkrfi xfnfrfm xlpxlmx| t|hfn klp|rfofm olnfp|tfm- Hfcfk nfc imi t|fx| rlp|tfnffm yfme olximeefcfm hfcfk rlmlpfrfm xlomgcgei imi fofm klmefcfki olp|eifm hfcfk rlptfimefmRlmefkfxfm j|ef klm|mj|ofm `fnuf |o|pfm rlp|tfnffm j|ef klkrlmefp|ni ximeofx rlmlpfrfm xlomgcgei imagpkfti- Rlp|tfnffm `ltfp dlmhlp|me |mx|o klmlpfrofm xlomgcgei imagpkfti rfhf xfnfrfm yfme cl`in ximeei- Rlp|tfnffm hfcfk tofcf yfme d|o|r `ltfp rfhf |k|kmyf xlcfn klmlpfrofm KIT kltoir|m `lc|k grxikfc- Rlptgmfc dgkr|xime  j|ef xlcfn hicfo|ofm kltoir|m kftin tlhlpnfmf kitfcmyf hlmefm klmee|mfofm trplfhtnllxRlmlpfrfm xlomgcgei imagpkfti |mx|o rlolpjffm oclpiofc tlpxf rlkpgtltfm xpfmtfoti rfhf |k|kmyf xlcfn hicfo|ofm# `fnofm |mx|o rlp|tfnffm hfcfk tofcf yfme plcfxia oldic- Nfc imi hik|meoimofm ofplmf rlm|p|mfm nfpef rlptgmfc  dgkr|xlp  `ltlpxf rlpfmeofx c|mfomyf tldfpf tiemiaiofm- Rlm|p|mfm nfpef imi klk|meoimofm rlmee|mffm hixlpfrofmmyf jfpimefm rlptgmfc dgkr|xlp  hlmefm tlpqlpmyf hlmefm klk`lmx|o cgdfc fplf mlxugpo-

RLMLPFRFM XLOMGCGEI IMAGPKFTI \MX\O KLKRLPGCLN OL\MEE\CFM @LPTFIME Tfcfn tfx| rlpxfmyffm yfme klmfpio fhfcfn tlpjf|n kfmf rlmlpfrfm xlomgcgei imagpkfti hfrfx hijfhiofm tfpfmf |mx|o klkrlpgcln ol|mee|cfm `lptfime- @lc|k hixlpfrofmmyf xlomgcgei imagpkfti tldfpf grxikfc hi Imhgmltif klk`|of oltlkrfxfm `fei rlp|tfnffm |mx|o klmee|mfofm tl`fefi fcfx |mx|o klkrlpgcln ol|mee|cfm hfcfk `lptfime- Rlmlpfrfm hldixigm t|rrgpx tytxlk  klp|rfofm tfcfn tfx| hfpi oltlkrfxfm imi- Tl`fefi dgmxgn olcfmeoffm xlmfef fnci rlp`fmofm yfme rfpfn xlpjfhi# hfm k|meoim kftin xlpjfhi |mx|o `ihfme xlpxlmx|# tl`lmfpmyf klk`|of oltlkrfxfm |mx|o klmlpfrofm xlomgcgei l~rlpx 

tytxlk  kitfcmyf |mx|o fmfcitit oplhix- Dplhixtdgpime  hlmefm klmee|mfofm kghlc txftxio fxf| l~rlpx tytxlk  kf|r|m fpxaidifc imxlccielmdl - Kghlc imi yfme xlcfn t|otlt hixlpfrofm hfcfk fmfcitit oplhix |mx|o oplhix ogmt|kti hi c|fp mlelpi hfm oimi xlmefn hidg`f |mx|o klmlpfrofm |mx|o oplhix ogklptifc-

Hi Imhgmltif# hitfkrime kftfcfn yfme hixik`|cofmmyf gcln olcfmeoffm xlmfef fnci# j|ef `fmyfo rlmyikrfmefm yfme hifoi`fxofm gcln rlpicfoo| rlptgmic yfme klmfmefmimyf- Hfcfk nfc imi l~rlpx tytxlk  hfrfx hijfhiofm tl`fefi fcfx |mx|o klmeldlo olr|x|tfm yfme hifk`ic gcln rlptgmic yfme `lptfmeo|xfm |mx|o klcinfx frfofn fhf imhiofti xlpjfhimyf rlmyikrfmefmFcxlpmfxia cfim yfme hfrfx hie|mfofm |mx|o klmefxfti rlpicfo| mlefxia rlptgmic fhfcfn hlmefm klmlpfrofm f|xgkfxid dgmxpgc - Xlomgcgei yfme hfrfx hixlpfrofm hfcfk `ihfme imi fhfcfn A|zzy tytxlk yfme t|otlt hixlpfrofm hfcfk rpgh|o lcloxpgmio tlpxf `ihfme cfim tlrlpxi rlmefx|pfm cfc| cimxftRlmlpfrfm l~rlpx tytxlk  fxf|r|m hldixigm t|rrgpx tytxlk  rfhf |k|kmyf nfmyfcfn tfcfn tfx| dgmxgn rlmlpfrfm xlomgcgei imagpkfti yfme `itf hicfo|ofm |mx|o klkrlpgcln ol|mee|cfm `lptfime- Oltlkrfxfm |mx|o klkrlpgcln ol|mee|cfm `lptfime klcfc|i rlmlpfrfm xlomgcgei hfcfk `ihfme cfim kftin xlp`|of c|ft- Yfme rlpc| hicfo|ofm fhfcfn klmefmxitirfti rlp|`fnfm hfcfk cimeo|mefm `itmit tlpxf rlpolk`fmefm xlomgcgei imagpkfti tlnimeef hfrfx klmlpfrofm xlomgcgei xfhi tl`lc|k rltfime klcfo|ofmmyf tl`fefi t|fx| dfpf |mx|o klkrlpgcln ol|mee|cfm `lptfime-

RLPELTLPFM RFPFHIEKF Rlp|`fnfm cimeo|mefm `itmit klmefoi`fxfofm rlpeltlpfm rfpfhiekf hfm klk`lpiofm oltlkrfxfm `fei xlomgcgei imagpkfti |mx|o klk`lpiofm ogmxpi`|timyf hfcfk klkrlpgcln ol`lpnfticfm |tfnfmyf- Xfrtdgxx hfm Dgtxgm .6994) klmelk|ofofm xlpjfhimyf rlpeltlpfm ol fpfn ugpo+epg|r dgkr|xime# imxlepfxlh lmxlprpidl# hfm l~xlmhlh lmxlprpidlHfcfk ugpo+epg|r dgkr|xime# rlpeltlpfm yfme xlpjfhi fhfcfn : & & & &

Gpefmizfxigm nilpfpdny Rlptgmfc dgkr|xime Lkrnftit gm imhiqih|fc Imtxfccime xldnmgcgey ugpoime

Mlxugpo# `|timltt# xlfk Ugpo+epg|r dgkr|xime Ef|r Clfhlptnir agp dnfmeime uftyt ga

Rlp|`fnfm cimeo|mefm `itmit yfme dlrfx klklpc|ofm acloti`icixft gpefmitfti hfcfk klmfmefmi rlp|`fnfm xfhi- Txp|ox|p gpefmitfti yfme hihftfpofm rfhf gpefmizfxigm nilpfpdny tlcfc| ofo| hfm xihfo tlt|fi cfei hlmefm x|mx|xfm rlp|`fnfm- Ofplmf ix| hirlpc|ofm rlpeltlpfm hfpi txp|ox|p gpefmitfti

yfme hihftfpofm rfhf mlxugpo hfm `|timltt xlfk yfme cl`in fhfrxiql hfm himfkitHfcfk `|timltt xlfk yfme cl`in hixlofmofm fhfcfn oimlpjf olcgkrgo hfm `|ofm oimlpjf imhiqih|fc- Rlkldfnfm kftfcfn tldfpf `lptfkf klmjfhi cl`in rlmxime |mx|o klmimeofxofm laloxiaixft rlcfotfmffm olr|x|tfm- Hfcfk ofixfm imi hirlpc|ofm rlpeltlpfm hfpi rlptgmfc dgr|xime |mx|o klmhgpgme rlpx|ofpfm ihlf hfm xlpdfrfimyf ogmtlt|t- Hitfkrime ix| hik|meoimofm r|cf rlmlpfrfm kghlc fmfcitit hfcfk epg|r dgkr|xime |mx|o klmimeofxofm o|fcixft olr|x|tfmRlpolk`fmefm xlomgcgei klk`lpiofm oltlkrfxfm |mx|o klmylt|fiofm rpgtlt `itmit hlmefm rlpolk`fmefm cimeo|mefm# yfme hirlpc|ofm fhfcfn olrlkikrimfm |mx|o klp|`fn dfpf olpjf# tlhfme rlkftfmefm xlomgcgei `fp| klp|rfofm tfpfmf rlmh|o|meRlpeltlpfm olh|f fhfcfn ol fpfn imxlepfxlh lmxlprpitl# tlrlpxi mfkrfo `lpio|x imi / Xldnmgcgey frrcidfxigm / Tytxlk itcfmh / Xnpll dcttlt ga tytxlk / Timecl+agpk tytxlk fmh ikfel / Dgtx plh|dxigm

Gpeftmizfxigm pltxp|dx|pime Imxlepfxlh tytxlkt Imxlepfxlh dgkr|xime Imxlepfxigm ga hfxf# xl~x# qgidl Lmxlprpidl laaldxiqlmltt laaldx iqlmltt

Txp|ox|p gpefmitfti yfme hihftfpofm rfhf mlxugpo hfm `|timltt xlfk klmtyfpfxofm imxlepfti rlp|tfnffm# yfme nlmhfo hidfrfi fhfcfn laloxiaixft rlp|tfnffm tldfpf oltlc|p|nfm- \mx|o klmdfrfi x|j|fm ix| hirlpc|ofm pltxp|ox|pitfti gpefmitfti yfme klmefpfn ol imxlepfxlh lmxlprpidl# hlmefm tytxlk imagpkfti yfme xlpimxlepfti tl`fefi tfpfmfRlpeltlpfm yfme olxief fhfcfn rlpeltlpfm olfpfn xnl l~xlmhlh lmxlprpitl tlrlpxi mfkrfo `lpio|x imi : / Qfc|l dnfim / Tikrcl kfpolxrcfdl / Kfm|fc ! rnytidfc / Dgkk|midfxigm Dgkk|midfxig m / R|pdnftlp ga imagpkfxigm imagpkfx igm

Qfc|l mlxugpo Dgkrlxixigm xnpg|en dggrlpfxiql Lcldxpgmid dgkk|midfxigm dgkk|midfx igm Lddpgtt xnl qfc|l mlxugpo imagpkfxigm imagpkfx igm r|pdnftlp ! qlmhgp

Micfi xlp`lmx|o `|ofm tfjf hi rlp|tfnffm xlxfri hi tlc|p|n mlxugpo yfme klmdfo|r t|rrcilpt# dgmt|klpt- Rlptfimefm yfme klkfxiofm hinimhfpi hfm hi|`fn klmjfhi rlptfimefm klcfc|i olpjftfkf- Tlk|f ix| klklpc|ofm ogk|miofti yfme imxlmtia klcfc|i klhif lcloxpgmio yfme xlpimxlepfti hfcfk  jfpimefm ogkr|xlp-

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