MAKALAH PISTON ENGINE
MARATUR P. SIREGAR RALDY YORANZYAH YORANZYAH HAFIZ HARAHAP WILY GAMALIEL RURI MIRANDA KELAS X-B
SMK NEGERI 1 TANJUNG MORAWA PENERBANGAN
DALAM KESEMPATAN KALI INI, KAMI AKAN MEPRESENTASIKAN HASIL KERJA KAMI TENTANG PISTON ENGINE. BERIKUT BEBERAPA HAL YANG AKAN DIBAHAS :
1.
SEJARAH PISTON ENGINE
2.
PENGERTIAN PISTON ENGINE
3.
CARA KERJA PISTON ENGINE
4.
PENGGAMBARAN KOMPONEN CARA KERJA PISTON ENGINE
5.
TIPE PISTON ENGINE YANG DIGUNAKAN PESAWAT
PISTON ENGINE Me!" #e$%$& #e'&$($ $)$*$+ #!&" -$" ($!+ )!/"$0$" $(#$! e0$'$". Me!" #!&" $)$*$+ $&/$&/"-$ e"! (e!" #e$%$& +!"$ 13 0e&!0$ #e$%$& e'&e"$$ &/'!" #e'&$($ &e'$". Me!" #e$%$& #!&" (e"$#$! #/"$0"-$ e*$($ Pe'$" D/"!$ II. Pe$%$& )!0e($"0$" /"&/0 #e'$" )e"$" (e"$($+0$" /#e'+$'e' )$" ($(#/ &e'$" *e!+ &!"! )$" *e!+ e#$& )$'!#$)$ #e$%$& )$*$( e$'$+. P!&" e"!"e $&$/ !$$ )! e/& )e"$" (e!" &'$0, (e'/#$0$" (e!" -$" (e"/"$0$" #!&" 6&'$07 e$$! &e"$$ #e"e'$0. P!&" -$" e'e'$0 "$!0 &/'/" )! +//"0$" )e"$" '$"0+$8& (e*$*/! ""e&!" ') /"&/0 (e(/&$' #'#e**e' $&$/ $*!"$*!". P!&" )$#$& e'e'$0 "$!0 &/'/" 0$'e"$ $)$"-$ #e($0$'$" $"&$'$ $(#/'$" /)$'$ )e"$" $+$" $0$' 68/e*7 )! )$*$( '/$" $0$' 6(/&!" +$(e'7. Pe($0$'$" )! )$*$( (/&!" +$(e' (e"+$!*0$" e9#$"!" $ #$"$ -$" )$#$& (e"e'$00$" #!&" e'e'$0 "$!0 &/'/". Piston Engine:
Pe$%$& -$" (e"/"$0$" (e!" #!&" /(/("-$ (e"/"$0$" #'#e**e' e$$! &e"$$ #e")'" /"&/0 (e"+$/*0$" &+'/&. Be"&/0 #e"$(#$" )$'! #'#e**e' !&/ e")!'! $($ e#e'&! $-$#, -$!&/ /$ e'e"&/0 $!'8!*. Se+!"$ #$)$ $$& #'#e**e' e'#/&$' ($0$ $0$" (e"+$!*0$" $-$ )'" $&$/ &+'/& e+!"$ #e$%$& )$#$& e'e'$0 0e )e#$". Pe$%$& )e"$" (e!" #!&" !"! (e'/#$0$" e"! #e$%$& '!"$" $&$/ !$$ )! e/& )e"$" *!+& $!''$8&. Pe$%$& !"! (e(#/"-$! )$-$ e*$$+ -$" 0e!* )$" 0e&!"!$" &e'$" -$" &!)$0 &e'*$*/ &!"!.
P$)$ )$$'"-$, #'!"!# 0e'$ )$'! e(/$ e"!"e #e$%$& $($. Y$!&/ (e($"8$$&0$" e"e'! #e($0$'$" $"&$'$ $(#/'$" $+$" $0$' )e"$" /)$'$ -$" (e"+$!*0$" e9#$"!" $ -$" &e'$)! )! )$*$( '/$" $0$' 6(/&!" +$(e'7.
- Turbo!" E#$%#!
D!"$($0$" &/'e& e"!"e 0$'e"$ (e!" !"! (e"/"$0$" &/'!" )$*$( (e($"0!&0$" &e"$$, )$" e& -$" $'&!"-$ e(/'$"#$"$'$". Y$!&/ e(/'$" +$!* #e($0$'$" )! )$*$( 0e*/$' (e"// &/'!" )$" (e(/&$' &/'!", *$*/ &/'!" (e(/&$' (#'e' )$" (e"e'$00$" 0(#"e" e"!"e *$!""-$. Turboprop Engine:
-
Turboprop Engine
P'!"!# 0e'$ )$'! T/'#'# e"!"e $($ )e"$" #'e 0e'$ )$'! &/'e& e"!"e. Y$" (e(e)$0$""-$ $)$*$+ &e')$#$& #'#e**e' #$)$ e"!"e !"!. P'#e**e' &e'+//" )e"$" &/'!" )$" (#'e' (e*$*/! +$8&. Cara Kerja Turboprop Engine :
-
Turbo&'# S$($ )e"$" &/'#'#, #'!"!# 0e'$ &/'8$" $($ )e"$" &/'e& e"!"e. Pe'e)$$""-$ $)$*$+ #$)$ &/'8$" e"!"e &e')$#$& 8$" )! )e#$" (#'e'. ;$" e'8/"! /"&/0 (e"+!$# /)$'$ ($/0 0e )$*$( (#'e'.
Turbofan
- Turbo()'&" E#$%#! P'!"!# 0e'$ )$'! &/'+$8& e"!"e /$ +$(#!' $($ )e" $" &/'e& e"!"e. E"!"e !"! )! /"$0$" #$)$ +e*!0#&e'. P$)$ &/'+$8& e"!"e, &e')$#$& +$8& -$" &e'+//" )e"$" &/'!". S+$8& !"! (e"+//"0$" 0e ($!" '&' $&$/ $*!"$*!" #$)$ +e*!0#&e'. R&' #$)$ +e*!0#&e' (e(#/"-$! #e"$(#$" e'e"&/0 $!'8!*. Turboshaft Engine:
INTI MATERI PISTON ENGINE
P!&" e"!"e $&$/ !$$ )! e/& )e"$" (e!" &'$0, (e'/#$0$" (e!" -$" (e"/"$0$" #!&" 6&'$07 e$$! &e"$$ #e"e'$0. P!&" -$" e'e'$0 "$!0 &/'/" )! +//"0$" )e"$" '$"0+$8& (e*$*/! ""e&!" ') /"&/0 (e(/&$' #'#e**e' $&$/ $*!"$*!". P!&" )$#$& e'e'$0 "$!0 &/'/" 0$'e"$ $)$"-$ #e($0$'$" $"&$'$ $(#/'$" /)$'$ )e"$" $+$" $0$' 68/e*7 )! )$*$( '/$" $0$' 6(/&!" +$(e'7. Pe($0$'$" )! )$*$( (/&!" +$(e' (e"+$!*0$" e9#$"!" $ #$"$ -$" )$#$& (e"e'$00$" #!&" e'e'$0 "$!0 &/'/". Pe$%$& -$" (e"/"$0$" (e!" #!&" /(/("-$ (e"/"$0$" #'#e**e' e$$! &e"$$ #e")'" /"&/0 (e"+$/*0$" &+'/&. Be"&/0 #e"$(#$" )$'! #'#e**e' !&/ e")!'! $($ e#e'&! $-$#, -$!&/ /$ e'e"&/0 $!'8!*. Se+!"$ #$)$ $$& #'#e**e' e'#/&$' ($0$ $0$" (e"+$!*0$" $-$ )'" $&$/ &+'/& e+!"$ #e$%$& )$#$& e'e'$0 0e )e#$". Pe$%$& )e"$" (e!" #!&" !"! (e'/#$0$" e"! #e$%$& '!"$" $&$/ !$$ )! e/& )e"$" *!+& $!''$8&. Pe$%$& !"! (e(#/"-$! )$-$ e*$$+ -$" 0e!* )$" 0e&!"!$" &e'$" -$" &!)$0 &e'*$*/ &!"!.
P$)$ )$$'"-$, #'!"!# 0e'$ )$'! e(/$ e"!"e #e$%$& $($. Y$!&/ (e($"8$$&0$" e"e'! #e($0$'$" $"&$'$ $(#/'$" $+$" $0$' )e"$" /)$'$ -$" (e"+$!*0$" e9#$"!" $ -$" &e'$)! )! )$*$( '/$" $0$' 6(/&!" +$(e'7.
Ada 2 jenis piston engine dan langkah kerja nya yaitu :
1. "*o ("ro+! , "'+ . &our ("ro+! ,/ "'+ /"&/0 #!&" 2 &'0e +$"-$ (e(/&/+0$" $&/ 0$*! #/&$'$" '$"0+$8&$&/ 0$*! *$"0$+ *e"0$#63<= )e'$$& #/&$'$" $&/ *$"0$+ *e"0$#7 e(e"&$'$ /"&/0 4 &'0e (e(/&/+0$" >2= )e'$$& *$"0$+ *e"0$#,)$" /"&/0 4 &'0e #e'&$($ 0$*! )! #e'0e"$*0$" *e+ !*(/%$" e'($" -$!&/ OKTO, )e"$" #e"8'($ e"!"e $/ )! *e"0$#! )e"$" /#e' +$'e'.
Four stroke Engine terdiri dari empat langkah utama, yaitu :
1. I#"'+! ("ro+! . 0o2r!((%o# ("ro+! 3. Po*!r ("ro+! /. E4)'u(" ("ro+!
Cara kerja four stroke adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Intake Strok Me'/#$0$" *$"0$+ #e"!!$" ,#$)$ *$"0$+ !"! #!&" )! )$*$( -*!")e' e'e'$0 )$'! TDC (e"// BDC !"&$0e ?$*?e $0$" &e'/0$ #$)$ $$& #!&" +$(#!' (e")e0$& TDC #$)$ $$& *$"0$+ #e(/$"$",&e&$#! )$*$( *$"0$+ E9+$/& &'0e,E9+$/& &'0e $0$" &e'&/&/# e&e*$+ #!&" (e*$(#$/! TDC e$$! $%$* )! (/*$! "-$ *$"0$+ #e"!!$" ,&e'$)! #e"/'/"$" /+/ #$)$ $!$" !"! )$*$( -*!")e' 0$'e"$ ($/0 "-$ ;A (!9&/'e -$" e'#e*/$" /"&/0 &e'$0$'.
2. Compression Stroke. Me'/#$0$" *$"0$+ #e($)$&$"#e($(#$&$" ;A (!9&/'e -$" 0e(/)!$" &e'$0$' )$" (e*e)$0 IGNITION7, #e($0$'$" )! *$0/0$" *e+ #$'0 #*/ -$" (e")$#$&0$" *!&'!0 )$'! +!+ ?*&$e !* #$)$ $$& !"! $!0 !"&$0e ?$*?e ($/#/" E9+$/& ?$*?e $($ $($ &e'&/&/#. 3. Power S&'0e Me'/#$0$" *$"0$+ /$+$ &e')'" "-$ #!&" )$'! &!&!0 TDC (e"// BDC 0$'e"$ *e)$0$" ;A (!9&/'e )$*$( (/&!" )e"$" )$-$ *e)$0 15&"3=.=== PSI )e"$" /+/ 3===4=== )e'$$& ;, e'$0$" &e'e/& $0$" (e")'" ""e&!" ') )$" (e'/$+ (e"$)! e'$0$" #/&$' #$)$ '$"0+$8&, #/&$'$" &e'e/& $0$" )! &e'/0$" 0e $!$" #'#e**e' +$8& (e*$*/! #'#e**e' )'!?e" e+!"$ #'#e**e' e'#/&$', 0")!! #$)$ #%e' &'0e $)$*$+ !"&$0e ?$*?e #e" )$" E9+$/& ?$*?e *e.
4. Exhaust Stroke.
Me'/#$0$" *$"0$+ #e(/$"$" #$)$ $$& #!&" e'$)$ ) BDC (e"// TDC, $ !$ #e($0$'$" )! /$" (e*$*/! E9+$/& #$'0E9+$/& ?$*?e )e"$" #!! 0e#$*$ #!&" !"&$0e ?$*?e &e'/0$ )$" E9+$/& ?$*?e &e'&/&/#. Komponen piston engine :
B$!$" 0(#"e" /&$($ (&' $0$' -$" )!"$(! $)$*$+ $!$" 0(#"e" -$" (e*$0/0$" e'$0$" (e0$"!0 -$" e'/#$ e'$0$" &'$"*$! ($#/" '&$! )!($"$ e'$0$" !"! &!(/* )$'! +$!* 'e$0! #e($0$'$" )$*$( !*!")e' 0e'$. B$!$" 0(#"e" /&$($ (&' -$" )!"$(! !"! e'*$0/ )$*$( e(/$ #e$%$& 0e'$.
A)$#/" $!$" 0(#"e" /&$($ (&' $0$' -$" )!"$(! !"! $"&$'$ *$!" :
1.
S%5%#6!r
.
Tor'+
3.
B'"'#$ Tor'+ , 0o##!7"%#$ Ro6
/.
P!#' Tor'+ , P%("o# P%#
8.
Poro( E#$+o5 , 0r'#+ S)'&"
9.
M!+'#%(! K'"u2
:.
Ro6' P!#!ru( , F5; W!!5
<.
K'rbur'"or ,o"or b!#(%#
=.
Pu2 I#!7"%o# ,2'6' o"or 6%(!5
1>. S%("! P!#6%#$%# ,r'6%'"or
0ARA KERJA PISTON ENGINE De"$" 8/"! &e'e/&, ($0$ #!&" +$'/ &e'#$$" )e"$" '$#$& )$*$( !*!")e'. S$&/ $&$/ ee'$#$ '!" 6!"!"7 )!#$$" #$)$ #!&" $$' $"$& '$#$& )e"$" !*!")e'. P$)$ !*!")e' )e"$" &e(#e'$&/' 0e'$ (e"e"$+ 0e $&$, $+$" '!" &e'/$& )$'! *$(, )!e/& )e"$" '!" #!&" 6 piston ring7. Se)$"0$" #$)$ !*!")e' )e"$" &e(#e'$&/' 0e'$ 'e")$+, /(/("-$ $+$" '!" &e'/$& )$'! 0$'e&, )!e/& )e"$" '!" !* 6seal ring7. A$' (e"+$!*0$" &e"$$ e'$0, #$)$ (e!" e"!" )!!$0/0$" &$+$#$" #'e e'!0/& :
17 Pe"!$#$" $ 6$(#/'$" e"!" )$" /)$'$7 0e )$*$( !*!")e' 0e&!0$ #!&" e'e'$0 &/'/".
27 K(#'e! )! )$*$( '/$" $0$' 0e&!0$ #!&" e'e'$0 "$!0. D! $0+!' 0(#'e! !"! )!*$0/0$" #e"-$*$$" *e+ /!, $$' $ &e'$0$'.
37 Ke'$ -$!&/ e'e'$0"-$ #!"&" 0e $%$+ 0$'e"$ &e')e$0 *e+ $ +$!* #e($0$'$" -$" e'/+/ )$" e'&e0$"$" &!"!.
47 Pe(//"$", -$!&/ (e(/$" $ !$ #e($0$'$" 0e */$' !*!")e'.
P'e #e"!$#$" $ 0e )$*$( !*!")e'. (e"0(#'e!0$", (e($0$'"-$, 0e'$, )$" (e(/$" $ e0$ #e($0$'$" 0e */$' !*!")e' )!e/& $&/ !0*/. /"&/0 (e*$0$"$0$" $&/ !0*/ )$#$& )!*$0/0$" )/$ $'$, -$!&/:
@ $&/ !0*/ )!*$0/0$" )$*$( e(#$& *$"0$+ &'$0. C$'$ !"! $)$ #$)$ (e!" e"!" e(#$& *$"0$+ 6(e!" 4 &$07, )$"
@ $&/ !0*/ )!*$0$"$0$" )$*$( )/$ *$"0$+ &'$0. C$'$ !"! $)$ #$)$ (&' e"!" )/$ *$"0$+ 6(e!" 2 &$07.
L$"0$+ !$# P$)$ *$"0$+ !"!, &'$0 e'e'$0 )$'! TMA 0e TMB, 0$&/# !$# &e'/0$ e+!"$ $ 6$(#/'$" e"!" )$" /)$'$7 &e'!$# ($/0 0e !*!")e'. K$&/# !$# 0e(/)!$" &e'&/&/# 0e&!0$ &'$0 (e"$#$! TMB.
L$"0$+ 0(#'e! P$)$ *$"0$+ !"!, &'$0 e'e'$0 )$'! TMB 0e TMA, 0$&/# !$# )$" 0$&/# /$" &e'&/&/#, e+!"$ $ &e'($(#$&0$" 6&e'0(#'e!0$"7. A0!$& 0(#'e! !"!, /+/ )$" &e0$"$" $ "$!0, e+!"$ $0$" &e'$0$'. Se$$& ee*/( &e'$0 (e"$#$! TMA, /! (e(e'! *"$&$" /"$ $#! )$" &e'$)!*$+ #e($0$'$".
L$"0$+ 0e'$
P$)$ I$"0$+ !"!, &'$0 &e')'" )$'! TMA 0e TMB *e+ 0e0/$&$" &e0$"$" $ +$!* #e($0$'$". Ge'$0$" &'$0 #$)$ *$"0$+ !"! )!e/& (e*$0/0$" 0e'$, -$" e*$"/&"-$ )!$)!0$" e$$! &e"$$ e'$0 )$'! (e!".
L/"0/+ /$" P$)$ *$"0$+ !"!, &'$0 e'e'$0 )$'! TMB 0e TMA, 0$&/# /$" &e'/0$, e+!"$ $ !$ #e($0$'$" &e')'" 0e*/$' !*!")e' (e*$*/! */$" 0$&/# /$" )$" $*/'$" #e(/$"$". Se&e*$+ &'$0 (e"$#$! TMA.
)$'! !"! $0$" )!(/*$! *$! !0*/ e'!0/&"-$ -$" )!$%$*! )e"$" #e"!$#$" $ $'/. Ge'$0$" *$0$*!0 &'$0 )!/$+ Ie+ #' e"0* (e"$)! e'$0 #/&$'. D$*$( $&/ !0*/ -$" &e')!'! $&$ 4 *$"0$+ &'$0 6!$#, 0(#'!, /$+$, )$" /$"7, #' e"0* &e*$+ (e*$0/0$" 2 #/&$'$" #e"/+.
Ke&!0$ &'$0 e'e'$0 "$!0 $*/'$" #e(!*$ A &e'&/&/# &'$0 )$" 0(#'e! )!(/I$!. Se(e"&$'$ !&/ $*/'$" #e($/0$" C (e(/0$ )$" $ 6$(#/'$" /)$'$ )$" e"!"7 ($/0 0e '/$" e"0*. Pe"-$*$$" )$" #e($0$'$" &e'$)! #$)$ %$0&/ &'$0 (/*$! e'e'$0 &/'/", $*/'$" /$" B (e(/0$. Ke&!0$ $*/'$" #e(!*$ A (e(/0$ $ $'/ -$" e'$)$ )! '/$" e"0* &e')e$0 (e($/0! !*!")e' $(!* (e")e$0 $ e0$ #e($0$'$" 0e*/$' !!*!")e' (e*$*/! $*/'$" /$" B.
T'$0 6#!&"7 e'8/"! /"&/0 (e(!")$+0$" &e"$$ -$" )!#e'*e+ )$'! +$!* #e($0$'$" 0e #' e"0*. P$)$ #!&" &e')$#$& 0(#"e"0(#"e" #e*e"0$#"-$, -$!&/ : B$&$" #e"+//" 6""e&!" ') /"&/0 (e"+//"0$" #!&" )e"$" #' e"0*.
Pe"$ &'$0 6#!&" #!"7, /"&/0 (e"!0$& #!&" )e"$" $&$" #e"+//" (e*$*/! */$" /+!"
C!"!" &'$0 6'!" #!&"7, e'8/"! (e(e"&/0 #e'$#$& -$" 0e)$# &e'+$)$# 0e'$" $ $"&$'$ e*$+ &'$0 )$" !*!")e',e0$*!/ (e"$&/' #e*/($$" &'$0 )$" )!")!" !*!")e'. C!"!" &'$0 &e')!'! $&$ !"!" 0(#'e! )$" !"!" #e*/($.
P' e"0* 6'$"0 +$8&7, e'8/"! (e"/$+ e'$0 *$0$*!0 &'$0 (e"$)! e'$0 #/&$' -$" e*$"/&"-$ )!/"$0$" /"&/0 (e(/&$'0$" ')$. P' e"0* )!*e"0$#! $"&$*$"$"&$I$" -$" e'8/"! (e"+!")$'! ee0$"ee0$" -$" &e'$)! $"&$'$ #'. e"0* )e"$" $!$"$!$" -$" e'#/&$' *$!""-$. B$!$" #' e"0* -$" (e"/(#/ &'$0 )!!!#! $"&$*$" */"/' -$" )!e/& (e&$* $*$", e)$"0$" $!$" #' e"0* -$" (e"#$" #$)$ *0 (e!" )!!!#! $"&$*$" */"/' -$" )!e/& (e&$* )/)/0.
R)$ !*$ $&$/ ')$ #e"e'/, e'8/"! (e"e'!($ e$!$" &e"$$ -$" )!#e'*e+ )$'! *$"0$+ 0e'$ )$" (e(e'!0$" &e"$$ 0e#$)$ *$"0$+*$"0$+ *$!""-$. D! $!$" */$' ')$ !*$ )!#$$" ')$ !! !"!" 6'!" e$'7, R)$ !! !"! )!/"$0$" /"&/0 e'0$!&$" )e"$" ')$ !! #!"!" #$)$ (&' &$'&e' #$)$ $$& (e!" $0$" )!+!)/#0$".
Terimakasih atas perhatiannya.