International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication Volume: 3 Issue: 4
ISSN: 2321-8169 2213 - 2216
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Measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) using PIC P IC 18F452 Microcontroller Ms. Dipika S. Varma¹, Ms. Varsha R. Mhatre², Mr. Prashant M. More³, Prof. S. S. Ayane4 ¹˒²˒³,4Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Pimpri-Chinchawad College of Engineering, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
[email protected]¹,
[email protected]¹, varshamhatre.64@gm
[email protected]², ail.com²,
[email protected]³,bablooay
[email protected]³,bablooayane23@re
[email protected] diffmail.com4 — The aim of the project was to design a microcontroller based automated Body Mass Index (BMI)calculator with LCD Abstract
display, which calculates the body mass index using the two basic parameters that are weight and height. The hardware of the project consists of a weighing mechanism i.e. weighing machine, which is used to calculate the body weight of a person, and a height sensing mechanism i.e. LDR, which is use to calculate the height of a person. The weight of the person is calculated in Kilograms and the height in meters in accordance of the BMI standard formula [3]. The microcontroller based automated Body Mass Index calculator is a useful device when it comes to controlling your weight and maintaining a healthy life style. The calculated weight of the person through weighing machine, converts the mechanical force into electrical signals that can be easily obtain after processing through microcontroller. While While the height of the person is cal culated by the LDR , when dark light falls on it the resistance value decreases and we get high voltage at output. All this data is manipulated through microcontroller and then the result is displayed on the LCD display and a message is sent through GSM module to the person about his BMI and the suggestions related to it. weighing machine; LDR Keywords- Body mass index; weighing ____________ _________________ __________ __________ __________ ___________ ____________ ____________ ______*****__ *****________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ______
I.
I NTRODUCTION
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters. It is one of the most commonly used ways of estimating whether a person is overweight and hence more likely to experience health problems than someone someone with a healthy weight. It is i s also al so used to measure population prevalence of overweight and obesity. It is used because, for most people, it correlates reasonably well with their level of body fat. It is also a relatively easy, cheap and non-invasive method for establishing weight status. However, BMI is only a proxy for body fatness. Other factors such as fitness, ethnic origin and puberty can alter the relation between BMI and body fatness and must be taken into consideration. Other measurements such as waist circumference and skin thickness can be collected to indicate a person’s weight status or body fatness. None of these is as widely used as BMI.[10] Table 1.1-Reference table for BMI measurement 2
Classification Underweight
BMI(kg/m ) Principal cut-off points
Additionall cut-off points Additiona
<18.50
<18.50
Severe thinness
<16.00
<16.00
Moderate thinness
16.00 - 16.99
16.00 - 16.99
Mild thinness
17.00 - 18.49
Normal range
18.50 - 24.99
Overweight
≥25.00
Pre-obese
25.00 - 29.99
Obese
≥30.00
Obese class I
30.00 - 34.99
Obese class II
35.00 - 39.99
Obese class III
≥40.00
17.00 - 18.49 18.50 - 22.99 23.00 - 24.99 ≥25.00
25.00 - 27.49 27.50 - 29.99 ≥30.00
30.00 - 32.49 32.50 - 34.99 35.00 - 37.49 37.50 - 39.99 ≥40.00
1. HEIGHT,WEIGHT AND BODY MASS INDEX MEASUREMENT USING MATLAB by Mr. Shrikant Shrikant J. Honade.The proposed proposed method in this paper is webcam webcam is used to capture the image of person, whose height is to be measured. To capture the image by using webcam image acquisition toolbox is used. After capturing the image of candidate, the processing is done on the image by using efficient digital image processing tool that comes with MATLAB. Also, weight sensor is used for measuring the weight of the person and hence by using height and weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated to decide the fitness of person.The drawback drawback of th e paper is that the mechanism used for weight measurement needs special circuitry having microcontroller,Op-Amp,ADC which can be done using PIC in cost cost effective effective way. way. In this way microcontroller from the AVR family was applied for sampling of analog signal and also monitoring weight. Finally with using of Probabilistic Neural Network Network fault detection at zero level was carried out hence, safety of system was increased. 2. LOAD CELL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT WITH FAULT DETECTION BY PROBABILISTIC NEURAL NETWORK NETWORK by Moradkhani, A. In this study of a strain gage load cell as a S model has been designed which is used for measuring weight. Four methods of fixing and balancing Whetstone Bridge were considered and one way was achieved eventually which was given the best Whetstone Bridge's output. For amplifying and measuring of changing resistance and voltage in Whetstone Bridge four current ways of amplifying and measuring were applied and with doing some modification in one of them construction of the main model was made. In this way microcontroller from the AVR family was applied for sampling of analog signal and also monitoring 2213
IJRITCC | April 2015, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication Volume: 3 Issue: 4
ISSN: 2321-8169 2213 - 2216
________________________________________ __________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________ ______________________________ _______________________ _______ weight. Finally with using of Probabilistic Neural Network fault detection at zero level was carried out hence, safety of system was increased. III. BMI CONCEPT
2. Height sensor(LDR) 3. GSM Module 4. DC Power Supply 5. Weighing Machine 6. LCD
A. Usage BMI is only an approximation for determining potential weight problems but it cannot be used as a diagnostic tool. A person will be on a great risk if they have a high BMI. Through these measurements physician can recommend different health risk related to weight. For example Skin fold measurements, fitness of a person, nutritionist can decide the diet of a person, and oth er screening of person’s health.
C. Features 1. PIC18F452 Linear program memory addressing to 32 Kbytes. High current sink/source 25mA/25mA. Parallel slave port(PSP) module. Power saving sleep mode. Wide operating voltage range(2.0V to 5.5V).
B. Formula The calculation of BMI can be calculated with the help of given standard formula. BMI = [(Weight in Kilograms / (Height in Meters x Height in Meters)] [3] C. Health Consequences of Overweight Overweight and Obesity Overweight and obese individuals are at increased risk for many diseases and health conditions, including the, high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol, diabetes, plaque in arteries of heart, heart Stroke, gallbladder infection, degenerative joint disease, respiratory problems, problems, and an d breast cancer [4]. [4]. IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM A. Project Design Design
Figure.2 PIN diagram of PIC 18F452
The block diagram of the project is as shown in the figure 2. LDR Weighing Machine
GSM
16X2 LCD
Height Sensor
Resistance - 400 ohm to 400K ohm. Normal resistance resistance variation: 1Kohm to 10Kohm 10Kohm Sensitivity: about 3msec Voltage ratings: I used it on 3 V,5V and 12V
PIC18F452 Crystal
Power supply
Computer
Figure. 1.
Block Diagram of BMI Circuit
B. Elements of block block diagram The project consists of following blocks, as shown in the block diagram. 1. PIC18F452
Figure.3 LDR
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication Volume: 3 Issue: 4
ISSN: 2321-8169 2213 - 2216
________________________________________ __________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________ ______________________________ _______________________ _______ 3.GSM Module Simple DB9 RS232 interface No voice function Input voltage：9V - 12V DC / 1A Operating Voltage – Voltage – 3.6V 3.6V Can Send and receive data and SMS Inbuilt antenna with high sensitivity Size: 122 mm * 57 mm
both height and weight information will be stored in computer and will also be displayed on LCD.The calculation for BMI will be performed by the microcontroller. The result will be displayed on LCD and similar message will be forwarded to the person. If height or weight is not sensed then the step will be repeated for proper sensing of height and weight. The GSM 300 used is interfaced for communication purpose. The respective person’s number will be taken and an d information about its it s BMI will be sent. The precautions which need to be taken by person will be sent by GSM. The same information will be stored in the computer for data purpose. purpose. VI. ADVANTAGES
BMI is the most convenient and most efficient measure of obesity. Our particular project aims to provide a further convenient way to measure BMI as it removes the hassle of calculations. It can be used in rural areas for surveys. VII. APPLICATIONS
Figure.4 GSM Module
D. Construction of the Project Project
The automatic Body mass index calculator has many applications in the vast field of biomedical engineering. As we all know that the biomedical engineering is about the application of engineering in the field of medicine. The electronic BMI is such a device which is used in Hospitals, Clinics, and even Pharmacies. It can be placed at Gyms, Airports, Hotels, Bus Stands and other social places as well. It can also be used for commercial purposes by installing a fool proof coin acceptor system. VIII. CONCLUSION
This project titled ‘Measurement of Body Mass Index’ is a statistical tool is, to calculate the Health Risk of different diseases. The theoretical study, which was done in the start of project, tells about the significance of BMI as a heath indicator. With respect to theoretical study various papers were refereed and their approach towards calculating the body mass index and taking into account account their disadvantages an efficient efficient solution for measuring BMI is brought out. IX. FUTURE PLAN
Figure.5 Circuit Diagram of BMI
V.WORKING The information of person whose BMI is to be calculated will be taken at first.. The h eight of the person will be sensed by LDR sensor. If height is not sensed the system will start again. After height weight will be sensed on weighing machine. The
The efficiency of the project can be increased by increasing increa sing number of height sensors. we can increase the number of sensors for various heights. The weighing limitation can be increased in future. By using additional module the blood pressure and other parameters can be measured.
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication Volume: 3 Issue: 4
ISSN: 2321-8169 2213 - 2216
________________________________________ __________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________ ______________________________ _______________________ _______ EFERENCES R EFERENCES [1]
Burhan uddin Ismail, Syed Fahad Akbar Ali and Ali Asghar Ayaz, “Microcontroller Based Automated Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculator with LCD Display,” Display ,” 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Civil Engineering (ICEECE'2012) Singapore April April 2829, 2012.
[2]
Mei Z, Grummer-Strawn LM, Pietrobelli A, Goulding A, Goran MI, Dietz WH, WH , “ Validity of body mass index compared with other bodycomposition screening indexes for the assessment of body fatness ,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002; 7:597 – 7:597 – 985. 985.
[3]
Mr.Shrikant J. Honade,“Height,weight Honade,“Height,weight and body mass index measurement using MATLAB,” MATLAB,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJARET) Volume 4, Issue 5, July – July – August August 2013, pp. 35-45.
[4]
Garrow JS and Webster J., J. , “Quetelet's index (W/H2) as a measure of fatness,” fatness,” International Journal of Obesity 1985; 9:147 – 153. 153.
[5]
Zhang, Juan, Juan, “Measuring “ Measuring Method of Tree Height Based on Digital Image Processing Technology,” Technology,” IEEE Information Science and Engineering (ICISE), 1 st international conference 2009 (26-28Dec.2009), 13271331.
[6]
Moradkhani, “Load cell design and construct with fault det ection by Probabilistic Neural Network,” Network, ” Mechatronics and Automation, 2008. ICMA2008. IEEE International Conference (5-8 Aug.2008),pp. 55-60.
[7]
M.A.Mazidi, The 8051 microcontroller and Embedded Edition(2011), Pearson Education.
[8]
M D Singh & K B Khanchandani, Power Electronics, 2nd Edition, TATA McGRAW HILL.
[9]
Arthur Schoenstadt, MD, BMI Formula: An Overview, Using the Metric System.
Systems, 2nd
[10] Body Mass Index As A Measure Of Obesity,June 2009,NHS
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