UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DE OCCIDENTE DIVISIÓN DE CIENCIAS DE LA INGENIERÍA INGENIERÍA CIVIL
MÉTODOS DE COMPACTACIÓN DE SUELOS Y SU CONTROL EN CAMPO
QUETZALTENANGO, QUETZALTENANGO, JULIO DE 2015
Introducción Para la c!"#r$cc%&! '( $!a ("#r$c#$ra (" %!'%")(!"a*l( +$( (l "$(l ("#( a)# )ara r("%"#%r la" cara" +$( l( "(a! %-)$("#a". U!a '( la" /r-a" '( -(r (l "$(l +$( r("%"#( $!a ("#r$c#$ra (" la c-)ac#ac%&! )ara (ll (" !(c("ar% c!c(r la" carac#(r"#%ca" '(l "$(l )ara '(#(r-%!ar (l #%) '( -a+$%!ar%a +$( "( )$('( $#%l%3ar. La c-)ac#ac%&! (" (l )r%-(r )a" a 4(r%/%car )ara a"($rar la cal%'a' '( la c!"#r$cc%&!, (" c! la c-)ac#ac%&! '!'( a$-(!#a-" (l )(" 4l$-#r%c '(l "$(l c! (ll a$-(!#ar la r("%"#(!c%a a cr#( c! la c$al )(r-%#( -(r la ca)ac%'a' '( cara (! c%-(!#ac%!(", #a-*%! "( -(ra la c-)r("%*%l%'a' )ara r('$c%r a"(!#a-%(!#", )(r-%#( r('$c%r (l )rc(!#a( '( 4ac" +$( c!ll(4a r('$c%r la )(r-(a*%l%'a' #ra" carac#(r"#%ca" +$( *%(! "( )$('(! a)r4(c6ar )ara a)l%cac%!(" '( la %!(!%(ra c%4%l. E! ("#( #ra*a #%(!( )r *(# '("arrllar l" '%"#%!#" -#'" '( c-)ac#ac%&! '( "$(l" la /r-a '( 4(r%/%car (l ra' '( c-)ac#ac%&! )ara a)l%cac%!(" '( %!(!%(ra 4%al ( %!(!%(ra ("#r$c#$ral ( %'(!#%/%car (l -7" a'(c$a' "(8! "(a (l ca" +$( "( ("# )r("(!#a!' (! la *ra.
Justificación El "$(l al "(r la )ar#( +$( ")r#a #'a ("#r$c#$ra (" (l +$( -7" a#(!c%&! "( l( '(*( 'ar ("# %-)l%ca -(rar la" carac#(r"#%ca" '(l "$(l %-)l(-(!#a!' l" -#'" -7" a'(c$a'" "(8! "(a (l ca" la" carac#(r"#%ca" +$( "( '(*( -(rar, c- la c-)ac#ac%&! "%(-)r( "( %-)l(-(!#a )ara -(rar (l "$(l. El -#' (-)l(a', la -a+$%!ar%a a $#%l%3ar '(#(r-%!a! (l ra' '( c-)ac#ac%&! +$( "( r(+$%(r(, "%! l4%'ar (l c!#rl +$( "( '(*( ll(4ar )ara ll(ar a la c-)ac#ac%&! &)#%-a, (" )r (" +$( (" !(c("ar% '("arrllar l" -#'" '( c-)ac#ac%&! la /r-a '( c!#rlarl (! ca-).
MERCO TEÓRICO Co!actación S( (!#%(!'( )r c-)ac#ac%&! #' )rc(" +$( a$-(!#( (l )(" 4l$-#r%c '( $! -a#(r%al ra!$lar. E! (!(ral, (" c!4(!%(!#( c-)ac#ar $! "$(l )ara9 a: A$-(!#ar la r("%"#(!c%a al cr#( )r c!"%$%(!#(, -(rar la ("#a*%l%'a' la ca)ac%'a' '( cara '( c%-(!#ac%!(" )a4%-(!#". *: D%"-%!$%r la c-)r("%*%l%'a' a" r('$c%r l" a"(!#a-%(!#". c: D%"-%!$%r la r(lac%&! '( 4ac" )r c!"%$%(!#(, r('$c%r la )(r-(a*%l%'a'. ': R('$c%r (l )#(!c%al '( (;)a!"%&!, c!#racc%&! (;)a!"%&! )r c!(la-%(!#.
Princi!a"#s $todos d# co!actación Co!actación !or !#so #st%tico E"#( -#' "( ll(4a a ca* )r -('% '( )r("%!(" +$( "( ((rc(! "*r( (l "$(l, 6a*%(!' (! la ac#$al%'a' 4ar%" (+$%)" +$( #ra*aa! '( ("#a -a!(ra. El #%) '( "$(l (! +$( "! -7" (/%cac(" "! l" '( !a#$ral(3a ra!$lar c- ar(!a" ra4a" r(la#%4a-(!#( l%-)%a". U!a carac#(r"#%ca '( ("#( -#' '( c-)ac#ac%&! (" +$( "( )r'$c( '( arr%*a 6ac%a a*a, (" '(c%r, '("'( la "$)(r/%c%( '(l -a#(r%al 6a"#a la ca)a c-)ac#a'a a!#(r%r-(!#(. L" c-)ac#a'r(" '( )(" ("#7#%c, )r("(!#a! $! (/(c# #r%#$ra'r (! (l "$(l, '(*%' al )(" ("#7#%c, l" c-)ac#a'r(" '( ("#( #%) "! r'%ll" '( "$)(r/%c%( c! r'%ll" l%"" '( ac(r c! lla!#a" !($-7#%ca", "( 6a !#a' +$( c$a!' "&l "( $#%l%3a! r'%ll" l%"" (! arc%lla" l%-" )l7"#%c", "( )r("(!#a! r%(#a" al ca* '( c%(r# !8-(r '( )a"a'a" (! la )ar#( "$)(r%r '(l -a#(r%al +$( "( ("#7 c-)ac#a!', c!c%!'"( (! (l ca-) c- la-%!ac%!(".
Co!actación !or aasai#nto La acc%&! ((rc%'a )r c%(r# #%) '( -7+$%!a" )ara c-)ac#ar, c-)ac#a'r(" #al(" c- l" r'%ll" '( "6(() /# l" c-)ac#a'r(" '( lla!#a" '( 6$l(, )r)rc%!a $!a %'(a '(l "%!%/%ca' '(l #r-%! a-a"a', c! (l c$al '(*(!
("#ar /a-%l%ar%3a'" l" #c!%c" +$( #%(!(! a "$ car #ra*a" '( c-)ac#ac%&!. N (" /7c%l '(/%!%r (;ac#a-(!#( (l a-a"a', )r l +$( )ara )r)&"%#" '(l )r("(!#( #ra*a, *a"#ar7 '(c%r +$( "( )r'$c( c$a!' 4ar%a" 3!a" '( $!a -a"a '( "$(l, al "(r "-(#%'a" a $! )rc(" '( c-)ac#ac%&!, "$/r(! c$a!' -(!" '" c%cl" '( '(/r-ac%&!, a)r#a!' ca'a $! '( (ll" '(/r-ac%!(" (! '" '%r(cc%!(" '%"#%!#a". E" c!c(*%*l( +$( la" )ar#c$la" '( $! "$(l "( (!c$(!#r(! '%")$("#a" (! $!a /r-a "%-%lar a la +$( "( -$("#ra (! la /%$ra. E! ("#( #%) '( '%")"%c%&!, la" )ar#c$la" "( *l+$(a! $!a" c! #ra" )r (l (/(c# '( )$(!#( !%!8! %!cr(-(!# (! (l ("/$(r3 4(r#%cal c- (l +$( "( a)l%ca '$ra!#( $!a c-)ac#ac%&! '( la*ra#r% )$ra-(!#( ("#7#%ca, c- (" (l ca" '(l (!"a '( Cal%/r!%a, la 6ar7 4ar%ar. Co!actación !or i!acto La c-)ac#ac%&! )r %-)ac# c!"#%#$( $! '( l" -#'" r%%!al-(!#( (-)l(a'" )ara la '(!"%/%cac%&! '( l" "$(l" (! (l ca-). S( *a"a (! (l )r%!c%)% '( +$( $!a -a"a +$( l)(a c!#ra la "$)(r/%c%( '(l "$(l (!(ra, al (!#rar (! c!#ac# c! (lla, $!a !'a '( )r("%&! +$( "( #ra!"-%#( a #ra4" '(l "$(l %!'$c%(!' (! "$" )ar#c$la" c%(r# -4%-%(!# 4%*ra#r%. E"#a 4%*rac%&!, "%! (-*ar, (" -!%-a 'a'a la *aa /r(c$(!c%a '( l" l)(" a)l%ca'", '( 50 a 500 )r -%!$#, a)r;%-a'a-(!#( "$ ra! a-)l%#$', ra3&! )r la c$al ! "( l( #-a (! c$(!#a c$a!' "( a!al%3a la c-)ac#ac%&! )r %-)ac#.
Co!actación !or &i'ración La c-)ac#ac%&! '( $! "$(l )r 4%*rac%&! #%(!( )r *(# clcarl (! $!a c!'%c%&! '( -4%-%(!#, ca"% c- la '( $! /l$%', (! la c$al la" )ar#c$la" "( '("l%c(! ac-'(! a')#a!' $!a c!/%$rac%&! -7" '(!"a. Al c-)ac#arl )r ("#( -#', $! "$(l (" "-(#%' a '" cla"(" '( cara"9 a. U!a cara 4(r#%cal, %-)$("#a )r $!a -a"a +$( "( '(")la3a "*r( "$ "$)(r/%c%(. *. U!a cara '%!7-%ca, %!'$c%'a )r $!a "$c("%&! r7)%'a '( %-)ac#", a)l%ca'" #a-*%! a "$ "$)(r/%c%(.
O'(#ti&os )#n#ra"* D("cr%*%r l" -#'" -7" (-)l(a'" (! la c-)ac#ac%&! '( "$(l" la /r-a '( ll(4ar a ca* (l c!#rl (! ca-) )ara ll(ar a la c-)ac#ac%&! r(+$(r%'a '( $!a *ra.
Es!#c+ficos*
D("cr%*%r la '%/(r(!c%a (!#r( l" -#'" (-)l(a'" )ara la c-)ac#ac%&! (! c%-(!#ac%!(" la c-)ac#ac%&! (-)l(a'a (! carr(#(ra".
C-)arar l" -#'" -7" (-)l(a'" (! la c-)ac#ac%&! '( "$(l" )ara la c!"#r$cc%&! '( carr(#(ra".
D(#allar la" )r$(*a" $#%l%3a'a" (! ca-) )ara la 4(r%/%cac%&! '( la c-)ac#ac%&! (! la carr(#(ra.
M#todo"o,+a*
R(c)%lar %!/r-ac%&! (! l%*r", #ra*a" '( ra'$ac%&!, (! -a!$al(" '( c!"#r$cc%&!, (#c. S*r( -#'" '( c-)ac#ac%&! '( "$(l". I!4("#%ac%!(" '( la" )r$(*a" +$( "( 6ac(! (! ca-) )ara '(#(r-%!ar (l ra' '( c-)ac#ac%&!.
-ndic# !r#"iinar Cont#nido*
s#cción*
G(!(ral%'a'(" '( la -(c7!%ca '( S$(l".
1.0.0
Carac#(r"#%ca" '( "$(l" C-)ac#a'".
2.0.0
M#'" '( c-)ac#ac%&!
=.0.0
C-)ac#ac%&! )r )(" ("#7#%c
=.1.0
C-)ac#ac%&! )r a-a"a-%(!#
=.2.0
C-)ac#ac%&! )r %-)ac#
=.=.0
C-)ac#ac%&! )r 4%*rac%&!
=.>.0
Pr%!c%)al(" -7+$%!a" '( c-)ac#ac%&!
>.0.0
V(r%/%cac%&! '( la c-)ac#ac%&! E! ca-).
5.0.0
Crono,raa MES 1
Secció n 1.0.0 2.0.0 3.0.0
Descripción
G(!(ral%'a'(" '( la -(c7!%ca '( "$(l". Carac#(r"#%ca" '( "$(l" c-)ac#a'" M#'" '( c-)ac#ac%&!
3.1.0
C-)ac#ac%&! )r )(" ("#7#%c
3.2.0
C-)ac#ac%&! )r a-a"a-%(!#
3.3.0
C-)ac#ac%&! )r %-)ac#
3.4.0
C-)ac#ac%&! )r 4%*rac%&! Pr%!c%)al(" M7+$%!a" '( c-)ac#ac%&! '( "$(l". V(r%/%cac%&! '( la c-)ac#ac%&! (! ca-)
4.0.0 5.0.0
1
2
3
MES 2 4
1
2
3
MES 3 4
1
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
50% 50% 5 0% 50%
2
3
4
.i'"io,raf+a 1 Cr(") V%llala3, Carl". M#c%nica d# Su#"os / Ci#ntacion#s0 S(;#a E'%c%&!. M;%c9 E'%#r%al L%-$"a, 201=. ?>> ).
.i'"io,raf+a 1 Cr(") V%llala3, Carl". M#c%nica d# Su#"os / Ci#ntacion#s0 S(;#a E'%c%&!. M;%c9 E'%#r%al L%-$"a, 201=. ?>> ). 2 Al/!" M!#( @!"(ca, In,#ni#r+a d# !a&i#ntos !ara carr#t#ras too 10 S($!'a ('%c%&!. Cl-*%a9 Cr'%!ac%! ('%#r%al S#(lla Val*$(!a '( /%(rr, 2002.
2 l4ar(3
co!actación d#" su#"o #n %r#as d# taa5o "iitado0 T("%" I!(!%(ra C%4%l. G$a#(-ala, U!%4(r"%'a' '( Sa! Car" '( G$a#(-ala, @ac$l#a' '( I!(!%(ra, 2005. BB ).
6 D%r(cc%&! G(!(ral '( Ca-%!", M%!%"#(r% '( C-$!%cac%!("
O*ra" P8*l%ca". Es!#cificacion#s ,#n#ra"#s !ara construcción d# carr#t#ras / !u#nt#s. R()8*l%ca '( G$a#(-ala, 2000.
