Models of Communication

Lasswell’s Communication Model

Lasswell's communication model was developed by communication theorist Harold D. Lasswell (1902-1978) (1902-1978) in 1948. Lasswell’s model of communication (also known as action model or linear model or one way model of communication) is regarded as one the most influential communication influential communication models. Components Meaning Analysis the Control Who  communicator Analysis or sender or source of message the content of Content Says What the message Analysis Media In Which the medium Analysis Channel or media the receiver of Audience To Whom the message Analysis or an audience With What the feedback Effect of the receiver Analysis Effect to the sender

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication (1949) message or the information source source Sender : The originator of message selects desire message Encoder : The transmitter which converts the message into signals Note: The sender’s messages converted into signals like waves or Binary data which is compactable to transmit the

messages through cables or satellites. For example: In telephone the voice is converted into wave signals a nd it transmits through cables Decoder : The reception place of the signal which con verts signals into message. A reverse process of encode Note : The receiver converts those binary data or waves into message which is comfortable and understandable for receiver. Otherwise receiver can’t receive the exact message and it will affect the effective communication between sender and receiver Receiver : The destination of the message from s ender Note : Based on the decoded message the receiver gives th eir feed back to sender. If the message distracted by noise it will affect the communication flow between sender and receiver transferred from encoder to Noise: The messages are transferred decoder through channel. During this process the messages may distracted or affected by phy sical noise like horn sounds, thunder and crowd noise or encoded signals may distract in the channel during the transmission process which affect the communication flow or the receiver may not receive the correct message Note : The model is clearly deals with external noises only which affect the messages or signals from external sources. For example: If there is any problems occur in network which directly affect the mobile phone communication or distract the messages

Schramm Model of Communication Communication (1954) The model suggests that encoding and decoding are the two most important part of a communication process. Encoding assumes a critical part in starting the procedure of correspondence by converting data into information. Encoding is done by a sender (transmitter) and sent to a receiver. When data reaches to the receiver, receiver decodes and interprets the data. This data is called a message, and it is transmitted through a medium. This model shows how meaning is transferred from one person or group to another. Schramm's model of communication is used in both Intrapersonal and Interpersonal communication. The model takes communication as a never ending process which constitutes messages and feedbacks. Each person is both sender and receiver, so there must be interpretation of the message on each turn. The interpreted data is known as information. This makes communication effective but might cause problems too as the message sent after encoding might not be the same when decoded by the receiver. So, this model is not

conventional like other models that only talk about sender and receiver. Feedback is also a very important component as it lets the sender know if the receiver ha s interpreted the message as required or not. The message becomes useless if the receiver does not understand it making feedback different than the expected outcome.

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

This model believes that for an effective communication to take place the source and the receiver needs to be in the same level, only if the source and receiver are on the same level communication will happen or take place properly. So source and receiver should be similar For e.g. Communication skills on source side is good then the receiver should equally have good listening skills. We cannot say the entire message passed doesn’t reaches the receiver has it is because the receiver may not good in listening, so only for the effective co mmunication the source and the receiver to be in the same level. Note: Self image differs from person to person, for communicating the person should consider the receiver. Keep the receiver in mind, speak accordingly and give them what they need.

Barnlund’s transactional model of communication reflects the fact that we usually send a nd receive messages simultaneously. It suggests that the communication process is fluid and relational. The sender and receiver are mutually responsible for the effect and the effectiveness of communication. In the transactional model, personal fields of experience still exist but they overlap with each other. This is an important addition to the understanding of the communication process because it demonstrates the existence of an active process. In the linear model, meaning is sent from one person to another. In the interactional model, meaning is achieved through a feedback mechanism. The transactional model takes the meaning-making process one step further: it assumes that people build shared meaning in their communication.