This paper recapitulates the drilling operation, the main materials used in drilling as well as the important drilling activities. The second part of this paper will be reserved to mud logging acti...
tentang filtrasi dan mud cake pada lubang borFull description
Full description
mud logging unit
mud logging unitFull description
Testing PhaseFull description
TestingFull description
tentang filtrasi dan mud cake pada lubang borDeskripsi lengkap
drilling mud
Drilling Mud Design in HPHT
How to Calculate Pressure Vessel (Mud Gas Separator)Full description
CHEMICAL TEST (WBM) Salinity: CL : 1ml of filtrate + ph.ph if pink add 0.02 H2SO4 colorless. 1 ml of filtrate + 5-10 drops potassium chromate (yellow) # Ag NO3 (end point orange red ppt). CL = volume of Ag NO3 X 10000 . KCL : 1
ml of filtrate + 3 ml sodium perchlorate (centrifuge) ppt of potassium perchlorate, ml ppt with standard curve.
Hardness:
Ca++
1ml of filtrate + 10 drops of Na OH(1N) + Caliver 2 indicator # EDTA end point violet color. Volume of EDTA X 400 = Ca++, Let volume of EDTA = A.
pink.
* TOTAL HARDNESS. 1 ml of filtrate + 2-5 drops Buffer solution (Ammonia) + Erichrom black indicator (pink). # EDTA end point sky blue. Let volume of EDTA = B Mg++ = (B-A) X 243.2
Alkalinity of Mud:
* Pm: 1 ml of mud + 5 ml distilled water + 3 drops ph.ph (Red – Pink). # H2SO4 (N 50) end point colorless. Pm = volume of H2SO4.
Alkalinity of Filtrate: Pf:
1 ml of filtrate + 2 drops of ph.ph (pink). # H2SO4 (N 50) end pint colorless Mf: Add 2 drops of Methyl orange (yellow orange). # H2SO4 (N 50) end pint pale red. NB: Very Important: 1. To increase pH add caustic soda. 2. To decrease pH add dilution.
3. To treat flocculation dilution + thinners. 4. To treat foams add defoamer. 5. To treat viscosity dilution + thinners. 6. To treat water loss add filtration control agents. 7. To treat Ca++ add soda ash. 8. To treat Mg++ add Ca CO3. 9. To treat CO3, HCO3, PO4 add lime.
To Measure PV , YP and Gel Strength: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
By mean of apparatus of Rheology (viscometer): Fill cup with mud. Fit aggitator. Adjust apparatus to 600 RPM and then allow agitation. Take reading on gauge. Adjust apparatus to 300 RPM and then allow agitation. Take reading on gauge. PV = Reading 600 – Reading 300. YP = Reading 300 – PV. Adjust apparatus to 600 RPM again and then allow agitation for few minutes. Then adjust apparatus to 3 RPM. Put on , after waiting for 10 sec. Take maximum reading to be first reading for gel. 9. Then adjust apparatus again to 600 RPM , allow agitation for few minutes. 10. Wait this time 10 minutes. 11. Then adjust to 3 RPM, allow agitation and take maximum reading to be second reading for gel strength.
To Measure Water Loss and Filter Cake: By mean of apparatus: 1. Fit bottom end of cell to cell after putting a filter paper covered by a rubber o-seal. 2. Fit cell with mud enough for half an hour. 3. Fit cell in place over a graduated cylinder. 4. Fit top part of apparatus. 5. Apply pressure 100 psi. 6. Mud starts loosing water collected in graduated cylinder. 7. If taking reading after 7 ½ minutes multiply by 2. 8. If not continue ½ an hour you will get the same reading. 9. Take filter paper out. Clean filter paper from all above cake, measure cake. NB: Relation between water loss and cake: Water loss (ml) Above 20 F/8 T/ 20 Less than 8 2-3
Cake (cake/32) 3-4 2 1 1/2
To Measure Solids and Oil %: By mean of apparatus: 1. Fill cell with mud. 2. Put in barrel. 3. Fit all together. 4. Place a graduated cylinder under cell. 5. Apply heat. 6. All fluids will evaporite and condense to be collected in cylinder. 7. When finish, the cylinder will still having an empty part which will be corresponding to solids in mud by % reading remaining empty to filled part. 8. Also read part containing oil to be oil percent %.
Test MBT: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Add 2 ml of mud + 8 ml of deionized H2O + 15 ml of 3 % hydrogen peroxide + 0.5 ml of sulfuric acid. Boil gently for 10 min. Dilute to about 50 ml with distilled water. Add Methylene blue solution about 0.5 ml and steer for about 30 sec. While the solids are still suspended, remove one drop of liquid and place on a filter paper. The end point is reached when the dye appears as a blue ring surrounding the dyed solids. Shake or steer for two minutes and place another drop on the filter paper. If the blue ring is again evident, the end point is reached. If not, continue as before until a drop taken after shaking two minutes shows the blue dye. ML of Methylene blue 8. Methylene blue capacity = . ML of mud 9. Where : Bentonite equivalent (lb./bbl mud) = 5 X Methylene blue capacity. (Kg/m3 mud) = 14.25 X Methylene blue capacity. NB: drilling mud frequently contains substances in addition to bentonite that adsorb Methylene blue, treatment with hydrogen peroxide is intended to remove the effect of organic materials such as CMC, Polyacrylates, Lignosulfonate and Lignite.
