Lab 9: Muscles of Lower Extremity, Abdomen, and Skull Muscle
Origin
Insertion
1. Transverse process and bodies of lumbar vertebrae (psoas major) 2. Iliac Fossa (iliacus)
Lesser trochanter of femur
Pelvic Region Iliopsoas:: Iliopsoas Iliacus/psoas major -Can be seen on anterior surface medial to sartorius -Iliacus- fan-shaped, more lateral -Psoas major- longer, thicker and more medial Gluteal Muscles (posterior hip) Gluteus maximus -Largest and most superficial of glutes -Meant for powerful movements
Action Move femur Flexion at Hip
Com Common orig rigin on pelvis lvis or sacru acrum m
Abductio ction n of Thigh igh
1. Ilium 2. Sacrum 3. Coccyx
Extension at Hi Hip
Gluteal tuberosity of femur
Abduction at Hip
Ilium
Greater trochanter of femur
Medial Rotation at Hip Abduction at Hip
Gluteus minimus -Smallest and deepest of glutes -Walking” Muscles
Ilium
Antagonists
-Adductor longus -Sartorius -Rectus femoris
-Gluteus maximus -Biceps femoris -Semitendinosus -Semimembranosus -Adductor magnus
-Biceps fe femoris -Semitendinosus Semimembranosu s -Adductor magnus -Sartorius
-Adductor longus -Sartorius -Rectus femoris -Iliopsoas
Torso Flexion
Lateral rotation at Hip
Gluteus medius -Deep to gluteus max. Walking” Muscles
Synergists
Greater trochanter of femur
Medial Rotation at Hip Abduction at Hip
-Gluteus medius -Gluteus minimus -Sartorius -Adductor magnus -Adductor longus -Gracilis -Gluteus maximus -Sartorius -Adductor magnus -Adductor longus -Gracilis -Gluteus maximus -Sartorius
-Gluteus medius -Gluteus minimus -Adductor magnus -Adductor longus -Gracilis -Adductor magnus -Adductor longus -Gracilis -Sartorius -Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus -Adductor longus -Gracilis -Sartorius -Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus -Adductor longus -Gracilis
Piriformis- landmark Piriformis-Posterior part of hip joint
Muscle
Anterolateral surface of sacrum
Origin
Thigh (Anterior) Sartorius (exception) -Longest muscle, runs obliquely across anterior surface of thigh -“Indian style” sitting
Anterior superior iliac spine
Quadriceps Femoris -Rectus femoris -Vastus muscles (3)
Rectus Femoris -Superficial, runs straight down anterior surface of thigh
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Greater trochanter of femur
Insertion Tibial tuberosity tuberosity of tibia Medial proximal tibia
Only need to ID: Follow sciatic nerve up leg, ends in triangular shaped muscle, inferior to the gluteus minimus, pyramidal shaped
Action Extension of knee (
Synergists
Antagonists
Flexion of Knee
Biceps femoris -Semimembranosus -Semitendinosus -Gracilis
Abductio n at Hip
-Gluteal Muscles
Lateral rotation at Hip Flexion at at Hi Hip
-Glu -Glute teus us Maxi Maximu mus s
-Hamstrings -Short head biceps femoris -Adductor magnus -Gluteus maximus -Adductor magnus -Adductor longus -Gracilis -A -Add dduc ucto tors rs -Gracilis --Hamstrings -Adductor magnus
Tibial tuberosity tuberosity via patellar tendon
Extension of knee
Tibial tuberosity tuberosity via patellar tendon
Exte Extens nsio ion n at at Kne Knee e
Flexion at Hip
Vastus lateralis -Lateral part of thigh -Largest head of quads Vastus medialis -Inferomedial -Inferomedial part of thigh
Linea aspera of posterior femur Linea aspera of posterior femur
Tibial tuberosity tuberosity via patellar tendon Tibial tuberosity tuberosity via patellar tendon
Exte Extens nsio ion n at at Kne Knee e
Exte Extens nsio ion n at at Kne Knee e
--Adductor lo longus -Rectus femoris -Iliopsoas -
Rect Rectus us femo femori ris s Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis Semimembranosus -Semitendinosus -Sartorius Rect Rectus us femo femori ris s Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Rect Rectus us femo femori ris s Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius
-Biceps femoris Semimembranosus -Semitendinosus -Sartorius -Gracilis -Gastrocnemius See Quad Antagonists
-Hamstrings -Adductor magnus -Gluteus maximus See Quad Antagonists See Quad Antagonists
Anterior Fe Femur
Tibial tu tuberosity via patellar tendon
Exte Extens nsio ion n at at Kne Knee e
IT band
Iliotibial (IT) Band
Anterior Iliac crest and ASIS Iliac crest
Knee
ID ONLY- TF L pulls on IT band, which is a thickened fascia that runs down lateral side of thigh. TFL overlies rectus femoris and vastus lateralis.
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Infer Inferior ior ramus ramus of pubi pubis s
Medial Medial proxim proximal al tibia
Vastus intermedius -Deep to rectus femoris -Between other vastus muscles Tensor fasciae latae
Thigh (Medial) Gracilis -Long, thin superficial muscle of medial thigh
Action Adductors at Hip Flexion of Knee
Adductio ction n at Hip Hip Adductor longus -Most anterior of adductor muscles, overlies middle aspect of adductor magnus
Pubis
Linea aspera of posterior femur
Flexion at hip
Adductio ction n at Hip Hip Medial Rotation at Hip
Adductor magnus -Triangular muscle, medial to Semimembranosus, lateral to Gracilis -Anterior part acts like adductor -Posterior part acts like hamstring
1. Ischial ramus 2. Inferior pubic ramus 3. Ischial tuberosity
1. Linea aspera of posterior femur 2. Medial supracondylar line of femur 3. Adductor tubercle of femur
Flex Flexio ion n at at Hip Hip (ant (ant))
Adduction at Hip (ant) Medial Rotation (ant)
Extension of hip (post)
Rect Rectus us femo femori ris s Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis
See Quad Antagonists
Synergists
Antagonists
-Biceps femoris -Semimembranosus -Semitendinosus -Sartorius -Gastrocnemius -Adductor tor magnus -Adductor longus
-Rectus femoris -Vastus lateralis -Vastus medialis -Vastus intermedius -Gluteal Muscles -Sartorius
-Sartorius -Rectus femoris -Iliopsoas -Adductor tor Magn agnus -Gracilis -Adductor magnus -Gracilis -Gluteus medius -Gluteus minimus -Sar -Sarto tori rius us -Rectus femoris -Iliopsoas -Adductor longus -Gracilis -Adductor longus -Gracilis -Gluteus medius -Gluteus minimus -Hamstrings -Gluteus maximus
-Hamstrings -Adductor magnus -Gluteus maximus -Gluteal Muscles -Sartorius -Gluteus Maximus -Sartorius
-Hamstrings -Adductor magnus -Gluteus maximus -Gluteal Muscles -Sartorius -Gluteus Maximus -Sartorius
--Sartorius -Rectus femoris
-Iliopsoas -Adductor Longus
Muscle
Origin
Thigh (Posterior) Hamstrings
Ischial tuberosity
Biceps Femoris -Long head is medial to short head -Only long head is hamstring -Most lateral of hamstrings
1. Long head- Ischial tuberosity 2. Short head- Linea aspera of posterior femur
Semitendinosus -Medial to biceps femoris
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
1. Head of fibula 2. Proximal lateral tibia
Action Flexion of knee Extend hip, flex knee Flexion at Knee
Extension at Hip (only long head)
Proximal medial tibia (with Gracilis and Sartorius)
Flexion at Knee
Extension at at Hi Hip
Semimembranosus -Deep and medial to Semitendinosus, lateral to adductor magnus
Ischial tuberosity
Proximal medial tibia (not with Gracilis and Sartorius)
Flexion at Knee
Synergists
Antagonists
-Gracilis -Semimembranosus -Semitendinosus -Sartorius -Gastrocnemius -Gluteus maximus -Semitendinosus -Semimembranosus -Adductor magnus -Gracilis -Semimembranosus -Biceps Femoris -Sartorius -Gastrocnemius -Gluteus ma maximus -Long head of biceps femoris -Semimembranosus -Adductor magnus -Gracilis -Biceps Femoris -Semitendinosus -Sartorius -Gastrocnemius
-Rectus femoris -Vastus lateralis -Vastus medialis -Vastus intermedius -Adductor Longus -Iliopsoas -Sartorius -Rectus Femoris -Rectus femoris -Vastus lateralis -Vastus medialis -Vastus intermedius -Adductor Longus -Iliopsoas -Sartorius -Rectus Femoris -Rectus femoris -Vastus lateralis -Vastus medialis -Vastus intermedius
Extension at at Hi Hip
Muscle
-Gluteus ma maximus -Long head of biceps femoris -Semitendinosus -Adductor magnus
-Adductor Longus -Iliopsoas -Sartorius -Rectus Femoris
Antagonists
Origin
Insertion
Action
Synergists
1. Medial condyle of femur 2. Lateral condyle of femur
Calcaneal tuberosity tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
Flexion of Knee
-Gracilis Triceps Brachii -Semimembranosus -Semitendinosus -Sartorius -Biceps femoris -Tibialis posterior Tibialis anterior -Soleus -Fibularis -Tibialis posterior - Tibialis anterior -Gastrocnemius -Fibularis
Leg (Posterior Comp.) Gastrocnemius -Part of triceps surae, on posterior calf -Superficial muscle -2 heads (lateral and medial) -Forms proximal curve of calf Soleus -Part of triceps surae, flat / broad -Deep to Gastrocnemius on posterior surface Tibialis posterior -Thick, flat muscles deep to soleus -Crossed over by flexor digitorum longus on distal end -Placed lateral to flexor
Plantar Flexion at Ankle 1. Superior tibia 2. Fibula 3. Interosseous membrane
Calcaneal tuberosity tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
To locate: originates on superior tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane, inserts into tarsals and metatarsals -tendon is directly posterior to tibia, crosses under flexor digitorum longus
Plantar Flexion at Ankle
Plantar Flexion at Ankle Inversion at at An Ankle
-Soleus -Gastrocnemius -Fibularis -Tibialis an anterior
-Tibialis anterior
--Fibularis
digitorum longus Flexor Digitorum Longus
Only Need to ID: long narrow, runs medial to Tibialis posterior and partially overlies it, originates on posterior tibia, inserts into phalanges
Leg (Anterior Comp.) Tibialis Anterior -Superficial -Superficial muscles of anterior leg -Laterally parallels anterior tibia Extensor Digitorum Longus
To locate: originates on lateral condyle, interosseous membrane and inserts into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and 1st metacarpal -Tendon anterior to tibia
Dorsiflexion at Ankle
-Extensor digitorum longus
Inv Inversion sion at Ankle kle
-Tib Tibiali ialis s Post osterior rior
-Gastrocnemius -Soleus -Tibialis posterior -Fibularis -Fib -Fibu ular laris
Only Need to ID: anterolateral surface of leg, lateral to Tibialis anterior, inserts on phalanges of digits 2-5,
Leg (Lateral Comp.) Fibularis (longus and To locate: longus originates on head and brevis) upper portion of lateral side of fibula, same -Longus: superficial, insertion as Tibialis anterior-first anterior-first metatarsal overlies fibula and medial cuneiform -Brevis is deep to Brevis originates on distal fibula shaft and longus, smaller and inserts on proximal end of fifth metatarsal wider
Plantar Flexion at Ankle
Muscle
Insertion
Action Elevate mandible
Synergist
Antagonists
Temporal fossa (lateral cranium)
Coronoid process of mandible
Elevation of Mandible
Masseter Pterygoids
Digastric
Zygomatic arch (bone + process of temporal bone)
1. Angle of mandible 2. Ramus of mandible Media ediall ramu ramus s of
Elevation of Mandible Lateral Motion of mandible Elevat vation ion of
Temporalis Pterygoids Pterygoids
Digastric
Origin
Muscles of Mastication Temporalis- fan Temporalisshaped muscles that covers temple of skull Masseter -Covers lateral aspect of mandibular ramus Pterygoids
Lat Lateral ral sph spheno enoid
-Tibialis posterior -Gastrocnemius -Soleus
Eversion at Ankle
-Tibialis anterior
-Tibialis anterior -Tibialis posterior
Masse sseter,
Digastric
mandible
Mandible Lateral Motion of Mandible
Temporalis Masseter
Muscles of Abdominal Wall
Direction of Fibers
Action
Location
External oblique
Superolaterally to inferomedially
Most superficial of lateral abs
Internal Oblique
Inferolaterally Inferolaterally to superomedially
Transversus Abdominis
Horizontal
Flex trunk, Rotation of trunk Lateral flexion of trunk Flex trunk Rotation of trunk Lateral flexion of trunk Compress viscera
Rectus Abdominis (6 pack)
Vertical
Flexion of trunk
Linea alba
Deep to internal oblique
Deepest of lateral muscles
Medial muscle group, aponeuroses aponeuroses of lateral muscles surround, separated by 3 tendinous intersections horizontally ID only: tendinous raphe that runs vertically to separate left from right rectus abdominis
