NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars
Element 1: Workplace Hazards and Control
*Control measures or violence at "ork
Work In a Hot Environment
*Health efects
Skin burns Cataracts Dehydraon Heat cramps Headaches Fainng
Hazards to Pedestrians
*Precauons
Medical pre-selecon Acclimasaon Limit me of eposure Cold drinks !!"
Health efects
Hypothermia Loss of concentraon concentraon Shi#ering Frost bite
Slips trips and falls on same le#el Falls from Height Collisions *ith mo#ing #ehicles
Precauons or accident on $taircases
Work in Cold Environment
(raining and informaon (he en#ironment Design of the ,ob Communicaon Lone *orking 'eporng and recording incidents
'emo#al of obstrucons !ro#ision of non-slip surfaces 'e.ec#e edging Ade/uate lighng "0ec#e maintenance 1se of Signs &idth !ro#ision of handrails Dimensions treads and risers Landings Consider disabled persons A#oid the need to carry hea#y ob,ects up and do*n
Precauons
Medical pre-selecon Acclimasaon Limit me eposure Hot drinks $nsulated clothing
Causes o %ccidents on "alk"a&s almost the same %ccidents on "alk"a&s on staircases opposite o a'ove Health Efects o Poor (ihn
Welare and Environment issues
*Welare
Su%cient toilets &ashing facilies "ang and changing facilies Clothing storage Seang 'est areas Arrangements for non-smokers
)actors to Consider When %ssessin %deuac& o (ihn
*Workin Environment
"ye strain Headaches !oor posture (ripping o#er unseen ob,ects $ncreased likelihood of human error $ncreased me to #acate *ork area
(emperature )enlaon Lighng 'oom dimensions Suitable *ork staons and seang &eather protecon for outdoor *orkstaons
(he tasks being undertaking (he si2e and layout of the *ork area (he e/uipment used A#ailability of natural light Shi3 mes+*ork pa4erns Suitable number of ar5cial light Contrast le#els 6lare Areas in shado* 7eed for locali2ed lighng Maintenance of lighng Ade/uate emergency lighng
!iolence at "ork (adders #ccupaons at risk
(ai dri#ers dri #ers Hospitals Schools Cash transacons Deli#ery+ collecon of money
*Hazards in use
1
Falling o0 8#erreaching Carrying up materials 1nsuitable ladders Ladder not properly secured $ncorrect angle
NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars
7ot reaching abo#e landing place Aluminium ladders near electrical lines
*Precauons or underround services
+o'ile ,o"er $cafold
*Precauons
"rected by competent persons !re use inspecons !osioned on 5rm ground Correct height to base rao 9:; <= inside 9<= outside 1se of outriggers to broaden base (ying in to ad,acent structure !eople and materials remo#ed before mo#ing Handrails and toe boards Suitable *ork pla>orm 7ot o#erloaded
!lan ,ob Locate cables A#oid cables Safe digging procedures
*Hazardous o /emolion
1nderground and o#er head ser#ices Falls from height Fall of materials !remature collapse Health ha2ards 6ases and #apours 7oise )ibraon $onising radiaons ?iological ha2ards
Hazards opposite o a'ove Precauons opposite o a'ove plus +o'ile Elevan Work Pla-orms
Hazards
!eople falling or being thro*n Materials falling Crushing bet*een carrier and a 5ed structure
Collapse or overturnin o +EWP cause '&
"/uipment failure 1nsuitable ground condions Defec#e or unused outriggers 8#erloading of the carrier Struck by load Struck by another #ehicle $nterference *ith controls
Precauons opposite o a'ove $uspended access cradles and pla-orms
Element 0: ,ransport Hazards and Control +easures Hazards o )ork ,rucks
!re- use inspecon Supports to building of ade/uate strength Suitable maintained Safe access and egress 7ot eceed safe *orking load 6uard rails and toe boards 54ed Safety harness *orn Limitaons on use in strong *inds
*Procedures to ollo" "hen parkin ork li trucks
*+ain Hazards
1ndermining foundaons Collapse 1nderground ser#ices !ersons falling in )ehicles close to edge Access and egress Ha2ardous atmospheres Flooding Contaminaon (ype of soil 'emo#al of soil
0
!ut gears in neutral posion Apply the handbrake S*itch o0 engine 'emo#e key and keep it *ith the responsible person+place Forks to be rested on the .oor Mast slightly for*ard !arked in the designated parking area making sure it@s not blocking &alk*ays or eits:
*%ddional hazards o electric ork trucks
Precauons or %'ove opposite
(ra#eling on gradients that are too steep (ra#elling for*ards *hen descending slopes 8#erload or une#enly loaded (ra#elling o#er so3 or une#en ground (ra#elling o#er slippery surfaces (ra#elling too fast Striking kerbs of other edges Carrying loads at dangerous heights
,o avoid overturnin opposite o a'ove
E.cavaons
8#erturning 8#erloading Loss of loads Collisions *ith other #ehicles Collision *ith pedestrians "plosions and 5re
*Wh& can trucks overturn
Precauons
"clusion 2ones Safe method of demolion !!"
Hydrogen gas released during safety charging "lectricity problems Manual handling of li/uids Corrosi#e acids (hey are /uit !eople may not hear them comingB
NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars /river $elecon
Suitable age Medical eaminaon 'oune medical checks at regular inter#als Assessment a3er prolonged absences Capable of (raining 'efresher (raining
Workstaon 5euirements
*$aet& o pedestrian in vehicle movin areas
Segregaon Suitable parking areas A#oid re#ersing if possible 8ne- *ay systems A#oid sharp or blind bends Su%ciently *ide entrances and gate*ays )ision Aids Speed limits Signallers ?anksmenB !rotecon from fumes !rotecon from materials falling o0 High #isibility ,ackets
Element 2: +anual and +echanical Handlin Hazards
Work related 3pper lim' /isorders 4W53(/s6 *Causes I W53(/s
'epe#e 5nger hand or arm mo#ements (*isng mo#ements S/uee2ing Hammering !ushing pulling or reaching mo#ements
$&mptoms
7umbness in 5ngers !ains in hands or arms 'estricon of ,oint mo#ement So3 ssue s*elling
*)actors to 7e Considered /urin 5isk %ssessment
Force eerted Fre/uency and duraon of operaon 'epeon of mo#ement *ithout rest or reco#ery !osture Constraints on space "n#ironment
Improve %'ove plus
Mechanise task 1se correct tools and e/uipment
/ispla& $creen Euipment 4/$Es6 *Health Efects
2
1pper limb pains and discomfort "ye and eyesight e0ects "pilepsy 'adiaon e0ects in pregnant *omen
)ertebral and muscular damage High blood pressure Circulaon problems
*$uita'le $eat or $edentar& Workers
(he study of the relaonship bet*een *orkers and their en#ironment *ork e/uipment and *ork task:
Ade/uate lighng Minimum noise Ample legroom Suitable screen at eye le#el Suitable so3*are eyboard &ork surface Suitable *ork chair Footrest if necessary
Health Efects o 5emainin $eated )or a (on ,ime
*Eronomics
Fague and stress
6ood lumbar support 6ood *idth and depth Ability to ad,ust seat back and height Stable base Ability to s*i#el !ro#ision of arm rests
*+anual Handlin In8uries
"ternal< Cuts bruises contusions abrasions crush in,uries FracturesB $nternal< Muscle Strains (endon (ears Hernias slipped disc Disc prolapsedB
Hierarch& to reduce manual handlin in8uries
A#oid manual handling Assess $mplement controls
Manual handling 'isk Assessment (I,EB *(oad &eight Si2e Shape 'igidity Di%cult to grasp 1nstable Sharp edges Hot+Cold *Individual Se Stature $ndi#idual capability (raining !erson@s assessment of *on capability *,ask
Holding a*ay from trunk (*isng Stooping 'eaching up*ards Long #ercal mo#ement Long carrying distances Strenuous pushing or pulling 7umber of boes needed to be li3ed fre/uency of li3ingB 'epe#e handling
NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars $nsu%cient rest or reco#ery &ork rate imposed by the process
*Environment Constraints on posture !oor .oors )ariaons in le#els Hot+Cold+humid condions !oor lighng
Suitable storage for fuels etc
Hazards opposite o a'ove plus 3se o crane in hih "inds *Emplo&ee $aet& durin (iin
(rained personnel !roperly trained e/uipment "/uipment has had statutory inspecons &arning of li3 taking place 7o employee to *alk under load "nsure load is secure S&L crane and tackle not eceeded Li3ed to correct height Mo#ed at appropriate speed Ade/uate super#ision Li3ing Accessories (ackleB
*Correct +anual Handlin ,echniue
Assess the load Close to load as possible Secure grip Suitable feet posion ?ack Straight ?end the knees Load close to the body Smooth mo#ement
+ain Hazards
8#er loading+ used abo#e safe *orking load $ncorrect use e:g: too *ide an angle *ith chains $nsecure a4achment of load Damage to tackle $ncorrect slinging method Failure to eamine and inspect pre-use $ncompetent sta0
,&pes o Crane
Mobile (o*er 6antry 8#erhead
Precauons opposite o a'ove Cranes ma& ail 'ecause o
8#erturning 8#erloading 1nsuitable support or inade/uate bases for crane Loss of load Failure of load Lack of maintenance Failure of load bearing part
Cranes ma& #verturn 7ecause o
!oor road surfaces E so3 greasy une#en surfaces !oor en#ironmental factors such as lighng dust Speeding Lack of regular maintenance Lack of dri#er competence 8#erloading of #ehicles )ehicles carrying unstable loads &ind
1nstable ground condions
*Conve&ors Hazards (rapping in dri#er mechanisms (raps 7ips Dra*ing in Sharp edges $tems ,amming con#eyor Falling ob,ects 'iding or c rossing con#eyor $mpact *ith ob,ects 7oise Manual handling "lectrical Ha2ards
Suitable crane Suitable crane condions 1se of outriggers A#oidance of obstrucons Care near o#erhead po*er lines Designated and protected area Suitable and tested li3ing tackle Correct slinging techni/ue Competent personnel Load gear ground if tra#elling 6ood #isibility 6ood communicaons
9
!op out rollers nip guards "dge protecon eliminate edges Ade/uate design "dge guards barriers ?ridges complete enclosure Helmets !adding Hearing protecon Mechanical handling Suitable e/uipment
Element 9: Work Euipment Hazards and Control *Precauons on +aintenance o Work Euipment
1se of permit to *ork $solaon+locking o0 Dissipaon of stored energy Segregaon Safe means of access 1se of !!" Competent personnel "nsure safe en#ironment allo* to coolB
*$ae 3se o Cranes
Precauons 6uards 7o looses clothing
*Hazards o +aintenance Work #pposite o a'ove plus
Chemical ?iological Asbestos Hot or Cold
NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars !ressure to complete *ork
May not fail to safety
*+echanical Hazards o +achiner& 4E;,ICE6 Entanglement ,raps Also referred to as dra*ing in - shear- crushB Impact Contact Also referred to as cung- stabbingpunctureB E ,econ
Draw labelled diagrams of each one
*;on< +achiner& Hazards o +achiner&
Chemical+?iological Ha2ards Dust and fumes "rgonomics "lectricity Fire "plosion Ha2ardous substances Manual Handling 7oise 'adiaon Stability of Machine (emperature of etremes 1ltra #iolet light )ibraon
Element >: Electrical Hazards Controls +ain Hazards o Electricit& 47$%)E6
$econdar& Efects o Electricit&
A physical barrier not connected to the machine controls *hich has no mo#ing parts and re/uires a tool to remo#e it:
*)i.ed =uards %dvantae Minimal maintenance 8nly defeated by deliberate act 8nly #isual inspecon
May protect against other ha2ards e:g: noise dust in,econ of materials
/isadvantaes 7ot linked to machine controls 7o protecon *hen remo#ed
Access to dangerous parts *hen remo#ed More di%cult to remo#e not praccal *hen fre/uent access re/uired (ends to be le3 un5ed *hen fre/uent access re/uired May hamper #isibility
Linked to the machine controls so that *hen the machine is in a dangerous condion the guard cannot be opened or opening the guard causes the machine to become safe:
*Interlockin =uard %dvantae Allo* safe access for feeding materials Con#enient to use Less likely to be deliberately defeated Speeds up operaons
>
/isadvantaes $ncrease the compleity of the machine Di%cult to test and maintain May need a brake or me delay
Components could fail in ser#ice 'egular maintenance re/uired
$solate the supply if possible E or remo#e person from the supply using a non-conduc#e instrument Summon help 6i#e 5rst- aid if able 'emain *ith casualty unl emergency ser#ices arri#e
Causes o Electrical )ire
*Interlockin =uard
)oltage Current (ime Conduc#ity of resistance !ath of current through the body "n#ironmental factors E *et condions Conduc#ity of the skin E *et or dry
*%con on )indin $omeone In Contact With Electricit&
Damage to ner#ous system $rregular heartbeat 5brillaonB $nternal ?urns "ternal ?urns Muscular contracons Stopping breathing Stopping of the heart
*)actors In?uencin $everit& o Electrical $hock
*)i.ed =uards
Fall from height 1nintenonal mo#ement of machine De-ac#aon of control measures Loss of informaon (hro* o0
*Health efects o Electricit& on the 7od&
=uards < )I%,
?urns Shock Arcing Fire "plosions
$nade/uate circuits 8#erload circuits $ncorrect fuses Damaged insulaon Loose connecons Flammable materials too close to electrical e/uipment 8#er heang of cables
*$aet& o Porta'le Electrical %ppliances *,he appliance ?a4ery operated Checked before use Suitable selected e/uipment !roperly maintained e/uipment *,he (ead
NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars
"nsure not run o#er by #ehicles Dragged o#er rough ser#ices (rapped in machinery "posed to hot surfaces or corrosi#e chemicals Connuous .eing
Element : )ire Hazards and Control *Cause o )ire
*@ointsA Connecons and plus Makeshi3 temporary connecons Leads geng pulled out !oor made connecons Fuse being replaced ?a4ery operated *)use
A *eak link designated to melt breaking the circuit at ecessi#e currents
Circuit 7reakers
"lectromagnec de#ice *hich perform the same funcon as fuses i:e: break the circuit at ecessi#e current although slightly faster: Earthin
"lectricity *ill al*ays try reach earth and earthing means pro#iding a path to earth lo*er than the human body:
Arson "lectrical faults Misuse of electrical e/uipment Smoker@s materials 8il+gas heang e/uipment and portable heaters 1nsafe storage of materials 1se of .ammable li/uids or gases in unsuitable areas &elding+ hot *ork Mechanical heat Spark+friconB
*,he )ire ,rianle:< )uelA $ource o inionA #.&en $aet& 3sin the )ire ,rianle: 'emo#e Fuel G starve 'emo#e Heat G cool 'emo#e 8ygen G smother )lash Point: < ,he temperature at "hich a vapor iven of '& su'stance "ill inite "hen 'rouht to a source o inionD *Classes o )ire:
(he disconnecon and separaon of the electrical e/uipment from e#ery source of electrical e/uipment in such a *ay that the disconnecon and separaon is secure:
%< Com'us'le $olid 4WoodA Paper Etc6 7< )lamma'le (iuids 4%lcoholA Petrol6 C< )lamma'le =ases 47utaneA H&droenA Propane6 /< +etals 4+anesium6 )< Cookin +edia 4!eeta'le #il or %nimal )ats6
5educed !oltae $&stems
+ethod o Heat ,ranser
?y reducing the #oltage present system the conse/uences of electrical shock can be greatly reduced:
*/irect Contact
Isolaon
5esidual Current /evices 45C/6
$t compares the current .o*ing into the system *ith the current .o*ing out: &hen the le#el di0ers by a present #alue the 'CD *ill open rapidly and interrupt the supply: 3ser Checks
"/uipment is of an appro#ed standard &iring and casing are free from damage Cables are correctly routed Systems not o#erloaded Correct fuses !lug properly *ired and gripped Competent users 1sing reduced #oltage in *et condions 1sing 'CDS@s
#Bce Environments
Suitable e/uipment manufactured to appropriate standards A#oid the use of trailing cables A#oid mul- socket etensions Control pri#ate electrical e/uipment brought from home 'eport defec#e and damaged e/uipment "nsure e0ec#e heang S*itch o0 o#ernight (est appliances at regular inter#als
(he .ame and a combusble fuel are in direct contact and the fuel heats up and e#entually ignites: *Conducon
Heat tra#els *ithin a solid material such as metalB from ho4er to cooler parts
*5adiaon
Heat *a#es infraredB is radiated through the air causing heang of a material at a distance from the 5re: *Convecon
Hot air rises in currents causing the build up of hot and unburnt gases ceilings etc and allo*s 5re to spread from one room to another: *)ire precauons to minimize the risk to people in the event o re
Suitable Fire+ smoke detecon *)ire %larms
*+eans o Escape
Suitable 'egular tesng Contact *ith emergency ser#ices
(ra#el distances Stair*ays Fire doors Signage "mergency lighng
NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars
Assembly point
*+eans o (ihn the )ire
Suitable enguishers !roperly sited enguishers (raining in use of enguishers "nguishers properly maintained
Irritant
7on- corrosi#e substances *hich through immediate prolonged or repeated contact *ith skin or mucous membrane may cause in.ammaon e:g !etrol Corrosive
Substance *hich on a contact *ith li#ing ssue may destroy it by burning e:g: acids
*Emerenc& Evacuaon Procedures
Fire marshals Fore noces Fire drills 'oll calls !ro#ision for disables
Harmul
Substances *hich if s*allo*ed inhaled or penetrate the skin may cause damage to health: ,o.ic
A poisonous substance *hich in lo* /uanes may cause death acute or chronic damage to health: Element F: Chemical and 7ioloical Health hazards and controls ,aret #rans
A part of the body *hich sustains an ad#erse e0ect *hen it is eposed to or by contaminated by a parcular harmful agent:
Carcinoenic
Substance *hich causes disorders to dell gro*th that may lead to cancer: *Inormaon on +anuactures $aet& /ata $heets 4+$/$6
E.amples: +ercur&A lead the 'rainA as'estosA ammonia the luns
*7od& /eenses aainst /ust
(he hair and *etness of the nose (he change of direcon of the laryn Snee2ing and coughing (he hair cells in the respiratory tract (ears and blinking of the eyes
/ermas $&mptoms: 7listersA In?ammaonA /r&nessA 5eddeninA Crackin o skin *Protecve measure aainst /ermas
"liminate the substance Substuon of the substance ?arrier creams 6ood hygiene pracces !!"
*5outes o Entr& in the 7od&
$nhalaon $ngeson Absorpon Direct entry $n,econ
*=ra' $ample 4Chemical $tain /etector ,u'e6 %dvantaes /isadvantaes Lo* cost $naccurate (akes li4le me !osioning of tube $mmediate result 8nly a snap shot Li4le training $ne%cient $nformaon during spillage Chemical use only 6ood for coarse indicaon Substance speci5c
Hazardous su'stance risk assessment > steps as normal Control o health hazards Eliminate or 5educe '& su'stuon Isolate
*%cute Efects
$den5caon of the substance Manufactures informaon Composion of the ingredients First-aid precauons Fire-5ghng measures Handling and storage !!" Disposal consideraons (ransport informaon 'egulatory informaon
(otal enclosure Segregate the people
Control
Ad#erse health e0ects resulng from single or short term eposure to large /uanty of the harmful substance it is usually re#ersible e:g splashing acid onto the skin *ill gi#e an immediate reacon:
"ngineering Control L")B Maintenance of controls Change the *ork pa4ern or method Hygiene and housekeeping
*Chronic
Ad#erse health e0ects resulng from prolonged or repeated eposure to small /uanes of the harmful substance leading to a gradual o3en irre#ersible e0ects e:g eposure to asbestos duct o#er many years *ill lead to asbestosis and cancer of the lungsmesothelioma:
PPE /iscipline Emerenc& controls or spillaeA air polluon etcD
Classicaon o Hazardous $ u'stances
F
)enlaon systems alarmed !!" "mergency sho*ers eye *ash facilies
NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars
?ooms sa*dust spillage procedures "#acuaon procedures $solaon of the area "#acuaon of the employee at risk !!" for sta0 in#ol#ed in clear up
/usts
7uisance dust can cause asthma bronchis emphysema and condions such as asbestos silicosis: */ust Idencaon
(ocal E.haust !enlaon 4(E!6 +ain parts: HoodA /ucnA )ilterA )an
)isual signs of dust Dust lamps Stac or personal sampling Health sur#eillance
/ra" sketch as providedD *Control +easures or /ust
"liminaon Substuon e:g: pellets instead of po*ers "nclosure of the process Local ehaust #enlaon )acuuming instead of s*eeping Damping do*n Liming me of eposure Liming numbers eposed 'espiratory protec#e e/uipment
*(E! 'ecomes ineBcient 'ecause oG
?locked 5lters Lack of maintenance !osion of hood 1nauthori2ed alteraons ?roken ducng &ear of fan blades $ncorrect sengs $ncreased contaminant le#el $nade/uate design Failure of operators to use it
(ead
A hea#y so3 and easily *orked metal: Can enter body by eang contaminated food but usually by breathing fumes or dust:
Check opposite o a'ove $pecic %ents
Acute lead poisoning can result in nausea headaches e0ects on the ner#ous system somemes death in ser#e cases:
*%mmonia
*#ranic solvents
$s a colourless gas *ith a pungent odour: $t is a corrosi#e and can cause irritaon to the eyes upper respiratory tract in small concentraons: Large concentraons can cause blindness and .uid in the lungs: "ye protecon and respiratory essenal: *%s'estos
(hese dissol#e other substances and are also used as cleaning and degreasing agents: (hey are #olale and e#aporate /uickly at room temperature so their #apours can be dra*n into the lungs: Acute e0ects are irritaon of the eyes skin throat and lungs: "0ects may be headaches nausea di22iness and loss of consciousness and in etreme cases in death:
+ain t&pes: < 7lueA 7ro"n and White /iseases: %s'estosA (un CancerA +esothelioma
Isoc&anates
3ses
!ipe lagging &all and roof panels Ceiling les (etured coangs $nsulaon materials 6askets ?rake linings
Car'on /io.ide
Colourless and odourless gas that is hea#ier than air: Lo* le#els increases the rate of respiraon and high depress the rate of respiraon leading to unconsciousness and e#en death: !roduced in fermentaon process e:g bre*eries:
8rganic compounds *idely used in industry for products such as spray painng of #ehicles and producon of polyurethane rubbers and foams: $n.ammaon of the nasal passages and throat can lead to asthma: $ilica
Found in sand granite etc: and the health ha2ard comes from breathing it in *hich can lead to the lung disease silicosis: 7ioloical %ents (eptospirosis or Weils disease
Car'on +ono.ide
?acteria found in the urine of female rats and the most common source is in ri#er *ater se*ers etc: "nters the body through puncture of the skin or ingeson: A4acks the kidneys and li#er causing high temperatures and may be fatal:
Colourless and odourless and tasteless gas: Found *here incomplete combuson occurs e:g boilers #ehicle ehausts:
(eionella
$nhalaon of the gas results in headache dro*siness .ushed pink@ appearance and ulmately asphyiaon: Chlorine
A greenish toic gas *ith a pungent smell *hich is highly irritant to the respiratory system:
An airbone bacterium found in *ater sources such as cooling to*ers stagnant *ater etc: $t is caused by inhalaon of airbone droplets of *ater containing the legionalla baceria leading to a form of pneumonia e:i: breathing di%cules high temperature and possible death: (hose at greatest risk are middle aged smokers or elderly people *ith chest problems: Control measures in#ol#e temperature control and monitoring a#oiding dead legsI legs in pipe*ork biocide treatment and e0ec#e cleaning and maintenance:
NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars Hepas
,he Person
A disease of the li#er and can cause high temperatures nausea and ,aundice: $t is caused by ha2ardous substances or a #irus: Health *orkers and those handling bodily .uids are most at risk: (he control measures in#ol#e inoculaon and good hygiene pracces:
Distance (ime eposed $nformaon and training
(imitaon on Personal Hearin Protecon *Control +easures or 7ioloical Hazards
Cleaning and disinfecon &ater treatment )ermin control Containment of the biological agent A#oidance of sharp implements !roper disposal of contaminated *aste $mmuni2aon !ersonal Hygiene !!"
*)actors afecn the choice o Personal Hearin Protecon
*Waste o $torae
Su%cient storage area Clearly the label the storage area "nsure storage area secure !rotect storage area *ith bunds etc: Store di0erent types of *aste separately 7e#er store incompable *aste together Select appropriate containers eep /uanes of *aste to a minimum !rotect *aste from the elements
Element : Ph&sical and Ps&choloical Hazards ;oise ;oise ,erminolo&
Fre/uency< (he number of *a#e fronts assign a point in one second measured in Hert2 $ntensity< the loudness of the noise Decibel< (he sound pressure le#el
7ot *orn correctly 7ot li3ed correctly 7ot properly maintained 1ncomfortable or incon#enient to *ear 7eeds constant management commitment May introduce secondary risks
"ase of monitoring Compability *ith other !!" Hygiene Cost Juality and performance Comfort "ase of use (raining re/uired Disposable or reusable
*%dvantaes and /isadvantaes o Personal Hearin Protecon Ear plus Ad#antage
Ear +ufs Ad#antage
Cheap Disposable E hygienic 7o $nterference other !!" Disad#antage 1ncomfortable Di%cult to monitor usage (raining re/uired
Comfort "asy to monitor usage 'eusable Disad#antage "pensi#e Hygiene $ssues $nterferes *ith other !!"
Hand %rm !i'raon *Health Efects
%J Weihn: % lter in the noise meter that euates the noise to ho" the human ear perceives the noiseD
Hearin /amae %cute
Stress (emporary threshold shi3 (emporary nnitus ?last deafness
Chronic 7oise induced hearing loss !ermanent threshold shi3 !ermanent nnitus !rebyacusis
*Control +easures *Eliminaon *5educe the /eree o !i'raon
;oise Control
$ource
Design Damping $solate Maintenance
Path
K
Screens and barriers "nclosure Absorpon Silencer
(ingling in the hands etremies 7umbness and blanching of the 5ngers S*ollen painful ,oints 'educon in manual d eterity 'educon in the sensaon of touch
*5adiaon *;on< lonisin ,&pe $nfrared Lasers Micro*a#es
Select lo* #ibraon e/uipment Select ergonomically designed e/uipment Maintenance of e/uipment 'educe grip and push force *ith *ork e/uipment 'educe the me *orkers eposed $ntroduce health sur#eillance 6lo#e and heated pads $nformaon and training on the nature of risks
3se in Industr& Heang and bra2ing Cung bar code readers Food preparaon signal transmission
NEBOSH International General Certificate IGC 2 Elements 1-8 Control o Workplace Hazars 1ltra- #iolet
&elding
*Health Efects
?urns 'eddening of the skin Cataracts Arc "ye (emporary sterility
*Ionizin radiaon ,&pe Alpha ?eta 6amma K-ray 7eutron %cute efects rom hih dose 'eddening of the skin 'adiaon sickness nausea #oming diarrhea Hair loss Death
3se in industr& Smoke detectors (hickness tesng 7on- destruc#e tesng Medical ?y product nuclear 5ssion Chronic efects Cancers Sterility
Hereditary defects "0ects on unborn children Death
*Control measures
(ime Distance Shielding
*#thers
!!" "n#ironment and personal monitoring Correct disposal of radiaon materials 6od hygiene pracces (raining and super#ision
$tress Ph&sical Efects Headaches Aching neck and shoulders Skin rashes !rone to infecons !anic a4acks !anic a4acks 'aised heart rate $ncreased blood pressure Heart disease Stomach ulcers
Ps&choloical efects $ncrease aniety $rritability Sudden mood changes $nability to cope 'educes *ork output 'educed *ork output $ncreased use of alcohol etc !oor sleep pa4erns
*Cause o stress
Culture Demands Control 'elaonships Change 'ole $ndi#idual "n#ironment
Control +easure or $tress
1L
Selecng suitable employees (raining
Clearly de5ned roles Clearly *ork ob,ec#es Comfortable *orking en#ironment 6ood line of communicaon 'ealisc *ork schedules "mployee in#ol#ement 6rie#ance procedure $mparal in#esgaon of stress Management support
