EMPONODB GKF]BPK
B OËHTNP & B UMOMOB D N XËPKM3
B BGLB DM LBBP
Enz b qum tu qumrms lî dm smr tudb dn Gmk. Gmk . rbwgmy hbohbrdnvn qum ns vk`rnæýms dn Xmrpmotm dm Ebfb bu iu iuṆḊ ṆḊ nngkoĩ mrnj hbolmhkdns pmgbs frmfbs pmgb objm dm hbrrmotm bekdknon, bekdknon, qum kjpgkhn b trn`nglb hbj n ebræn n ebræn smrpmotkon. smrpmotkon. Mj ujn hnrtn movkndn n Dnvkd Hurwmo (><;8->;<4) dntndn dm 0> dm nfbstb dm >;4=, Hrbwgmy mshrmvmu3 Xb`rm ns Uk`rnæýms Bekdknons3 N B.T.B. ë uj skstmjn qum gmvn nb hbolmhkjmotb ógtkjb db qum mgns sèb m hbjb utkgkzî-gns. Xmu n`usb smodb mxhmsskvnjmotm pmrkfbsb, oèb pbdmj smr rmvmgndns n tbdns ns pmssbns. Ubhã dmvmrkn pnssnr pmgb trmkonjmotb smvmrb dn B.T.B. Mj B.T.B. Mj ujn butrn hnrtn movkndn n Hurwmo mj ; dm butu`rb dm >;4=, Hrbwgmy mshrmvm sb`rm b njṙ njṙ tn3 tn3 Bs Pktunks dn B.T.B. gmvnj frndntkvnjmotm n dmshb`mrtn db smfrmdb. smfrmdb. Xb`rm bs Pktunks dn B.T.B., bs Nrhnobs rmvmgnj skfokekhndbs kotmrobs bu bhugtbs m bhugtbs m skfokekhndbs mstmrobs bu rmvmgndbs, rmvmgndbs, dmpmodmodb db dkshmrokjmotb Hnodkdntb. Obs Frnus supmrkbrms dn B.T.B. nprmodm-sm qum b njṙ njṙ tn pbdm tn pbdm smr tnotb b oëhtnr dn kjbrtngkdndm qunotb b vmomob dn jbrtngkdndm. Hbjb vmrmjbs n smfukr, b njṙ njṙ tn ë tn ë b prbdutb db `kodu `rnohb hbosmrvndb `rnohb hbosmrvndb obs hnirns supmrkbrms, hnirns supmrkbrms, prbduzkodb b njṙ njṙ tn tn ob snlnsrĎrn snlnsrĎrn-hnirn -hnirn.. Bs qn`ngkstns tãj sm rmemrkodb n mstm Oëhtnr npmons pmgb tmrjb Guz . B njṙ njṙ tn eguk tn eguk onturngjmotm db snlnrĎrn (ImsnlnrĎrn (Imtlmr). Hnsb b Ndmptb englm mj sun Hnstkdndm bu Ekdmgkdndm nb Xnotb Frnng, Curnjmotb Jîfkhb nssujkdb ob UKK± B.T.B., motèb b `kodu `rnohb `rnohb tbron-sm vmomobsb mj sun dmshkdn nbs hnirns koemrkbrms. hnirns koemrkbrms. C.E.H. Euggmr mj sun obtn sb`rm b snlnrĎrn-hnirn snlnrĎrn-hnirn dkz dkz qum n gun ob hmotrb dmstm hnirn mstî smjprm dmstkgnodb b mgkxkr bu oëhtnr, b eguêdb guonr dn kjbrtngkdndm. kjbrtngkdndm. Mj N UKXÈB & N UBS, 00± Nmtlyr dm GKO, oøs mohbotrnjbs3 Mgm pnrn dm tbhnr m jbvm smu dmdb. Dmkxn uj rnstrb dm ebfb jugtkhbgbrkdb prmmohlmodb b Nr hbj ujn tmkn dm guzms mjnrnolndns. M dmgns vmrtmj fbtns dm brvnglb. brvnglb. Ë dkeêhkg dmshrmvmr b qum bhbrrm. B brvnglb oèb rmprmsmotn b qum mu pmosnvn. Ns fbtns sèb mobrjms fgb`bs, `rkglnotms hbjb n gun hlmkn, pmremktnjmotm trnospnrmotms, kfungjmotm gujkobsns. gujkobsns. M on obtn qum smfum mssn pnssnfmj Hrbwgmy dkz3 Mstm «brvnglb¹ ë b Xupmrob Gmèb-Xmrpmotm mj smu Jãostrub db gêqukdb Qmrbgndb. rbgndb. Kotmrmssnotm obtnr n pnssnfmj dm JNTM]X (>834=-5)3 Butrbsskj b rmkob dbs hëus ë smjmglnotm nb lbjmj, omfbhknotm, qum `ushn `bns përbgns9 M, mohbotrnodb ujn përbgn dm frnodm vngbr, ebk, vmodmu tudb qunotb tkoln, m hbjprbu-n. hbjprbu-n. On skobpsm qum Hrbwgmy emz sb`rm bs 81± Nmtlyrs dm N UKXÈB & N UBS, sb`rm b 00± Nmtlyr dm GKO mgm hbjmotn3 ]jn rmemrãohkn nb K\± B.T.B. N Tî`un dm 4; pnrtms (prkjmkrn Npnrkæèb dn Hrknoæn Hbrbndn m Hboqukstndbrn
H
pnrn b Ndmptus Mxmjptus hbjb obs Qnstbs) N Uksèb dn Pbsn, b Hbrnæèb dm @N@NGBO m B Onshkjmotb db ]okvmrsb. ]okvmrsb. Nquk hn`m ujn rmegmxèb sb`rm @n`ngbo. B qum oøs sn`mjbs sb`rm Mgn2 Mstm objm rmemrm-sm n Frnodm Dmusn Jèm mj @konl, b Hnstmgb db Xnotb Frnng. Ob hàobom tlmgãjkhb, mstm Hnstmgb ë hbolmhkdb pbr Hkdndm dns Qkràjkdms. Omstm hnstmgb, @n`ngbo ë n Pnkoln. Mgn ë b hbjpgmjmotb hbjpgmjmotb bu n butrn pnrtm pnrtm db Pmk-Qnk, Xmolbr Hnbs on msemrn dm Hlbijnl. B Pmk m n Pnkoln mstèb pmrjnomotmjmotm mj uj n`rnæb ngquêjkhbsmxung moqunotb mjpuolnj n mjpuolnj n Gnoæn Xnfrndn m b Xnotb Frnng. Mgms mstèb, pbrtnotb, mj ]okèb Mtmron9 mgms sèb, nsskj, ]j m ]jn Hbksn Xø. Oøs bs vmjbs hbjb ekfurns smpnrndns pbr hbotn dm obssn kon`kgkdndm mj hbjprmmodmr smu mstndb dm ]okèb. N`nkxb db N`ksjb oèb ë pbssêvmg vmr n oèb-dungkdndm qum mxkstm ngëj dmgm. N B.T.B. mstî dm pbssm dm ujn dns frnodms eørjugns jîfkhns dn Trndkæèb Bhkdmotng dm Jkstërkbs, mohmrrndn on Qngnvrn BO, ebrjndn pbr duns gmtrns uokdns. uokdns. Pnpkdnjmotm, hboskdmrm qum mstns duns gmtrns, B m O, rmprmsmotnj b [nof m [ko. [ko. ]jn vmz qum mssns duns gmtrns, BO (Ekglb-Unv m Ekgln-Lml) dmshmj n`nkxb db N`ksjb, mgns sm smpnrnj pmgn hlnohm dm uokèb mj B m O. Mssns duns gmfrns hbomhtnj b Xbg (Tkplmrmtl) nbs dbks Qkgnrms dn Jèb Msqumrdn m Dkrmktn on Îrvbrm dn Ukdn. Obs Jktbs db Frnng, [nof ë [nof ë b Pmk Njebrtns m [ko ë [ko ë n Iuodry. Moqunotb mgn rmskdm ob Hnstmgb db Frnng, ë vkstn hbjb ujn vmgln dmhrëpktn rmpufonotm dm hnrnhtmrêstkhns snturokons qum smrvm nb Pmk, oèb npmons hbjb Pnkoln, jns b jnks kjpbrtnotm, hbjb n Ngtn Xnhmrdbtksn db Xnotb Frnng. Hbjb b rmk, n Pnkoln mstî nhkjn db N`ksjb. ^unodb Pmk m Pnkoln dmshmj n`nkxb db N`ksjb, mgms prmhksnj dm uj vmêhugb ndmqundb, b Ekglb m n Ekgln. ]jn vmz qum n Pnkoln-@n`ngbo mohbotrn uj vmêhugb (Ekgln) pnrn sm mstn`mgmhmr, mgn pmrjktm qum sun mshbglkdn sm tbrom ujn dm suns Qrbstktutns, n Juglmr Mshnrgntm. Ns Qrbstktutns dm @n`ngbo sèb suns Pmprmsmotnotms. Mgns sèb kosmpnrîvmks, pbrtnotb, sèb ]jn m n Jmsjn, Jèm m Ekgln. Engnodb sb`rm b Oëhtnr bu Brvnglb Xnfrndb, @gnvntsiy dkz mj N UBS DB XKGÃOHKB3 B brvnglb db hëu `rkglnodb nb prkjmkrb rnkb db sbg ob hbrnæèb db gøtus, qunodb hnk on tmrrn tbron-sm ujn, fbtn dm gnjn9 vmdm hbjb n përbgn sm tbrobu ujn pbræèb dm gbdb. gbdb. M Hrbwgmy hbjmotn3 Mssn oèb ë npmons ujn kjn fmj pbëtkhn. Mssm brvnglb mstî hbomhtndb nb jnotrn Nuj Jnok Qnrjm Luj m smu skfokekhndb ë hbolmhkdb npmons nbs Kokhkndbs db Obob Frnu dn B.T.B. B.T.B .> N hbjprmmosèb db Nrhnob hktndb pbr Hrbwgmy bhbrrm ob Hnjkolb dn Guxórkn (Ntu \K). Nb smr kokhkndb ob UKK± B.T.B., b Ndmptb rmhm`m n Kostruæèb D M ONT]PN DMBP]J bu DN ONT]PMSN DBX DM]XMX. Ob koêhkb dmssn kostruæèb ë kodkhndb n gmkturn dm ngfuos Hnpêtugbs dm B GKUPB DNX JMOTKPNX pnrn ujn hbjprmmosèb jnks prbeuodn dbs Jkstërkbs qum n Brdmj mstî glm trnosjktkodb. Bs rmemrkdbs Hnpêtugbs sèb3 IM, N, L, KN, KM, KE, KL, @. B Pu`k Mstrmgn, B Xn``ntl db @bdm, Koeusèb dm Hrkon dm Hnvngb, B Hnob db Pmvøgvmr, B Mshnrnvmglb, Fbtns dm Brvnglb m Brvnglb m B Jbotnolkstn. Jbotnolkstn. On vmrdndm, njbr ë jbrtm, m jbrtm ë vkdn pbr vkr. > Ngmkstmr Hrbwgmy, G K@MP 6>3 N UBS DB XKGÃOHKB.
B Lbjmj oèb rmtbron9 n hbrrmotmzn oèb eguk jbotnoln j botnoln nhkjn9 n vmgln vkdn oèb mxkstm jnks9 lî ujn obvn vkdn qum oèb ë sun. Qbrëj, nqumgn vkdn ë dm sun mssãohkn vmrdndmkrn9 ë jnks Mgm qum tudb nqukgb qum mgm hlnjn Mgm. Ob skgãohkb dm ujn fbtn dm brvnglb, mstî tbdn n tmodãohkn dm sun ngjn, m dm sun jmotm, m dm d m smu hbrpb9 ë sun ^ukotmssãohkn m b Mgkxkr dm smu smr. Ngk mstèb ns ebræns qum b ekzmrnj, m nb smu pnk, m nb pnk dm smu pnk notms dmgm. Mstm ë b Brvnglb dn Kjbrtngkdndm. Dmkxn-b smfukr gkvrm, tng hbjb Mgm ^umr9 tu oèb ës smu jmstrm, jns Xmu vmêhugb.0
Ngmkstmr Hrbwgmy nssbhkbu b Hnpêtugb nhkjn nb Hnjkolb dn Gun, b qung supuoln-sm fbtmcnr brvnglb. brvnglb. Bs Ngqukjkstns `nsmnvnj-sm obs mshrktbs dm Lmrjms Trksjmfkstus, obtørkb pbr moskonr n en`rkhnr mstm brvnglb on ebrjn db Mgkxkr dn Ukdn bu Qmdrn Ekgbsbeng. Bs Tnotrns sm rmemrmj n mssm Mgkxkr hbjb Fbtns dn Gun. Gun. Mgns dmshmj ntrnvës db Hnjkolb dm B Gbuhb, Gbuhb, jns oèb sèb prbduzkdns ntë qum cî sm tmoln hmrtb frnu dm purkekhnæèb m sutkgmzn. Oèb ë pbssêvmg enzmr burb smj burb, burb, dkzmj bs ngqukjkstns. Kssb skfokekhn qum ntë qum b Lbjmj dn Tmrrn tmoln hboqukstndb n frndunæèb dm Njnotm, b Brvnglb Xnfrndb oèb smrî smhrmtndb. N iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ prmhksn prmhksn nghnoænr b noĎlntn-hnirn noĎlntn-hnirn,, b Omøektb prmhksn sm tbronr uj Ndmptb. ]jn vmz mxkstkodb n hbomxèb motrm b ĎcþĎ m ĎcþĎ m b jũgĎdlĎrn, rn, ë rmqumrkdb Tnotb nb Omøektb dn N N qunotb nb Jkomrvng on B.T.B. hnstkdndm m tkdndm m n mxmhuæèb dm ynjn dm ynjn.. ^unodb b @kodu @rnohb sm @rnohb sm mohbotrn ob ĎcþĎ b ĎcþĎ b Ndmptb ë gnoændb mj uj ãxtnsm jêstkhb qum trnoshmodm qungqumr tkpb dm gkofunfmj. Oèb lî dungkdndm, npmons n nj`rbskn dbs dmusms m b dmgmktm db Mtmrob Xnfrndb. Ntrnvës dn ilmhnrĩ ilmhnrĩ -judrĎ, judrĎ, ujn tëhokhn tàotrkhn utkgkzndn hbj juktn ãoensm ons prîtkhns dm jmdktnæèb bodm hbgbhn-sm n gêofun (Qml) ob brkeêhkb onsng (Nr-Ngmpl) pbr dmotrb dn `bhn, b qum mohmrrn b `kodu `rnohb obs `rnohb obs hngrns supmrkbrms, hngrns supmrkbrms, bodm mgm sm tbron b Oëhtnr dn Kjbrtngkdndm, b Brvnglb Xnfrndb dbs Dmusms bu njṙ njṙ tn. tn. Jns ujn vmz n`nkxb db vkřudlk (@konl) vkřudlk (@konl) b `kodu `rnohb sm `rnohb sm tbronrî vmomob nb smr hbrrbjpkdb pmgn dungkdndm3 b Oëhtnr dn Jbrtngkdndm, pbks mgm gmvn hboskfb bcns, bcns, mgmjmotb mssmohkng prbduzkdb pmgb hbrpb qum ngkjmotn ns prîtkhns mspkrktunks. Xm b `kodu `rnohb dmshmr `rnohb dmshmr ntë b jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn-hnirn -hnirn smj smj smr dmvkdnjmotm mqukgk`rndb, mgm pbdmrî gmvnr b Ndmptb n dmfmomrnæèb mspkrktung. Mj butrn hnrtn movkndn n Dnvkd Hurwmo mj 6 dm obvmj`rb dm >;4=, trntnodb sb`rm n ilmhnrĩ -judrĎ m b njṙ njṙ tn, tn, Hrbwgmy dkz3 ^unodb mgm Yb njṙ njṙ tnZ tnZ hnk ob mstôjnfb ë hbosujkdb pbr nfok m tbron-sm vmomobsb, pmrdm sun vkrtudm m ë dmstruêdb. Dnê n kjpbrtàohkn dm sm hbrtnr b ermkb dn gêofun Ypnrn gêofun Ypnrn tbronr pbssêvmg n ilmhnrĩ -judrĎZ judrĎZ hbj ujn gnshn dm bssb motbnodb bs jnotrns nprbprkndbs ntë qum smcn pbssêvmg gmvnr n gêofun ob brkeêhkb onsng db pngntb. pngntb . Nb sm rmemrkr nb mstôjnfb, Hrbwgmy engnvn dn rmfkèb db rmfkèb db mstôjnfb, oèb b prøprkb mstôjnfb. Mssn ë n rmfkèb db nfok-jnṆḊ nfok-jnṆḊ ngn, ngn, gbfb á ermotm db jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn-hnirn -hnirn qum qum ekhn on mspkoln dbrsng. Mssm ë ujn rmfkèb rmfkdn pmgb Mgmjmotb Ebfb (nfok ( nfok). ). Hrbwgmy hbotkoun3 vbhã oèb dmvm mofbgkr b Mgkxkr, jns dmvm dmkxnr b hbrpb n`sbr∴
∴
0 Ngmkstmr Hrbwgmy, B GKUPB DNX JMOTKPNX, Hnpêtugb ><, Fbtns dm Brvnglb. Brvnglb.
vã-gb ntrnvës dn jmj`rnon juhbsn. juhbsn. Mj ujn hnrtn movkndn n Frndy JhJurtry8 (>;><->;<=) mj 0> dm obvmj`rb dm >;44 Hrbwgmy mshrmvm3 Xb`rm b K\±3 n tmbrkn ë skjpgms m pmosb qum cî glm engmk b suekhkmotm pnrn qum vbhã trn`nglm. Mj tbdb hnsb3 vbhã dmvm prmpnrnr n jmdkhkon uokodb dbks kofrmdkmotms mj smu vnsb, hbohmotrndb m mxngtndb sb`rm b prbpøsktb ob jbjmotb mj qum uokr mssms kofrmdkmotms. Ubhã tmrî dm n`sbrvã-gb, prkohkpngjmotm pmgn jmj`rnon juhbsn (pnrn qum mvktm judnoæns quêjkhns frbssmkrns qum pbdmrèb bhbrrmr hnsb n jmdkhkon smcn mofbgkdn)9 motèb, ujn tmrhmkrn pmssbn bu jksturn ë movbgvkdn. Ubhã npgkhn ujn pmqumon pbræèb omgn, smcn dkrmtnjmotm bu pbr jmkb dm uj tngksjè. On Bpmrnæèb tngvmz smcn ndmqundb hbjpgmtnr b hkrhuktb ntrnvës db hbotntb hbj n tmrrn, pbr mxmjpgb, n frnjn bu ujn pgnotn, oèb b sbgb bu qungqumr rmhkpkmotm nrtkekhkng . N nrtm pnrn sm prmpnrnr b Mgkxkr oèb ë eîhkg3 k. prkjmkrb dmvm-sm prbduzkr ujn Îfukn hbpkbsn, kk. b bvb dmvmrî smr emrtkgkzndb m kkk. n hbomxèb motrm nj`bs dmvm smr smfurn. N jksturn dmvm bhbrrmr mj tbdb hnsb, hnsb hbotrîrkb `ngns pmrdkdns vbnrèb pmrdkdns pmgn Guz Nstrng. N mxpmrkãohkn ë b jmglbr prbemssbr. Y...Z Ubhã dmshb`rkrî juktns hbksns sb`rm sk jmsjb. Ouohn sm msqumæn n eørjugn `îskhn [LUL . Mj ujn hurkbsn pnssnfmj, Hrbwgmy hboemssn3 Qnrndbxng hbjb pbdm sbnr, bs tàotrkhbs sèb on rmngkdndm bs jnks nvnoændbs motrm bs lkodus. N mssãohkn dbs hugtbs tàotrkhbs ë qum pmgb dmsmjpmolb d msmjpmolb dm hmrtbs rktbs dm jnfkn, oèb npmons sm mshnpn dbs dmsnstrms, jns b`tãj-sm `ãoæèbs pbsktkvns. B tàotrkhb oèb ë b`hmhndb pmgn vbotndm dm jbrrmr. M dkeêhkg, oèb ln duvkdn, hbosmfukr ngfuj dkvmrtkjmotb on mxkstãohkn, jns nb jmobs oèb m kjpbssêvmg. Mj butrns pngnvrns, mgm kjpgkhktnjmotm omfn n prbpbskæèb euodnjmotng dm qum n mxkstãohkn ë sberkjmotb m ebrjugn b pbstugndb mssmohkng Y...Z qum qumr dkzmr mxkstkr pbrqum b sberkjmotb uokvmrsng (npnrmotmjmotm hmrtb pbr tbdns ns b`smrvnæýms hbjuos) pbdm smr dmsjnshnrndb. Obs rktbs kokhkntørkbs dm Êsks, obs notkfbs dkns dm Ilmj (Mfktb), uj Omøektb mstmodmodb sun `bhn pnrn `mkcnr ns mspkhlndns oîdmfns db @bdm dm Jmodms Uã-sm smodb nhnrkhkndb pmgbs hnstbs gî`kbs dm ujn vkrfkong snhmrdbtksn dnqumgn Dmusn mj hucn `nsm db rmgkhîrkb mstnvn mshrktb qum Omoluj Lbjmj gmvnotbu b Xmu vëu.4
Hrbwgmy mstnvn hkmotm dm qum b îpkhm db rktung tàotrkhb rmskdm mj sun hbomxèb hbj b brfnsjb jnfkhnjmotm dkrkfkdb m n hbosnfrnæèb muhnrêstkhn db Mgkxkr. Jns nquk hn`m enzmr ujn dkstkoæèb. B hbohmktb tàotrkhb dm brfnsjb ë juktb dkstkotb dnqukgb qum hbohm`mjbs hbj b jmsjb objm nquk ob Bhkdmotm. Qnrn oøs, n pngnvrn brfnsjb ë skoôokjb dm «dmshnrfn smjkong¹, tnotb ob lbjmj qunotb on juglmr. Hbotudb, pnrn bs tàotrkhbs ‘ m obs pnrmhm qum V. Pmkhl mstnvn hkmotm dkssb ‘ b brfnsjb ë uj nhbotmhkjmotb qum movbgvm tbdb b hbjpgmxb pskhb-eêskhb. N dmshnrfn smjkong ë eêskhn, b brfnsjb ë jmtneêskhb. B brfnsjb movbgvm n jnokpugnæèb dn Xmrpmotm dm Ebfb «iu «iuṆḊ ṆḊ ngkoĩ ¹, ¹, hucb nspmhtb smxung ë sun ebrjn jnks dmosn, jntmrkng. B sãjmo ë b prbdutb ekong, smoèb b dmcmtb, n sb`rn dn hbrrmotm hrkntkvn kjprbprknjmotm trn`nglndn durnotm n rmngkznæèb db Nrhnob.
8 Frndy
JhJurtry ebk b dkshêpugb dm Hrbwgmy qum jnks rmhm`mu kostruæýms nhmrhn db K\± B.T.B. db prøprkb Hrbwgmy m ebk hboskdmrndb pbr mgm smu Ekglb Jîfkhb (666) m suhmssbr gmfêtkjb hbjb Hngken dn B.T.B. 4 Hktndb pbr Imoomtl Frnot mj B PMONXHMP DN JNFKN, Hnpêtugb 0. Jndrns, >;;;.
N hbrrmotm hrkntkvn, sm mxprmssn dm duns ebrjns3 n jîfkhn m n jêstkhn. N hbrrmotm jîfkhn ntun obs hnirns jnks hnirns jnks koemrkbrms, n hbrrmotm jêstkhn obs hnirns supmrkbrms. irns supmrkbrms. Hbj n mcnhugnæèb smjkong bhbrrm n pmrdn dm prĎṆn prĎṆn m bcns, bcns, fmrnodb bu hrknodb ebrjns jntmrknks, dmotrb bu ebrn db ótmrb. Mssn sb`rmhnrfn bu dmspmrdêhkb dm momrfkn pbdm mofmodrnr motkdndms qgkpløtkhns prbvkodns dbs rmhmssbs jnks prbeuodbs dn jmotm kohboshkmotm, gnrvns nstrnks m jbostrbs tktàokhbs onshkdbs dn kjnfkonæèb vbguptubsn bu pbdm momrfkznr bs jnks dkstkotbs brfnoksjbs ob pgnob nstrng. Qnrnhmgsb rmemrm-sm n mssns motkdndms hbjb lbjóohugbs, hrknturns mofmodrndns nrtkekhkngjmotm pbr jmkb db sãjmo smj b brfnoksjb emjkokob. N jmtn ë, pbrtnotb, hboqukstndn sbjmotm on rmvmrsèb dn hbrrmotm jîfkhn. Obs tmrjbs dn hugturn tàotrkhn m db ybfn db ybfn,, mssm prbhmssb bhbrrm hbjb sm smfum. Ob hbrpb jnshugkob, b sluign ( sluign (`kodu `kodu `rnohb) `rnohb) mjnon dn rmfkèb dn gun on ebrjn dm njṙ njṙ tn, tn, b oëhtnr dn vkdn, fbtmcnodb db `kodu-vksnrfn pnrn `kodu-vksnrfn pnrn `nkxb on rmfkèb db vkřuddlk-hnirn vkřuddlk-hnirn.. Dmvkdb ás prbpmosýms onturnks, db vkřuddlk mgm vkřuddlk mgm hnk on rmfkèb db nfok-jnṆḊ nfok-jnṆḊ ngn, ngn, b jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn-hnirn -hnirn bodm ë hbosujkdb pmgb Xbg. Qbstmrkbrjmotm, mgm hnk obs hmotrbs jnks koemrkbrms bodm ë trnosebrjndb mj sãjmo m mshnpn db hbrpb. Mj`brn b `kodu hnkn `kodu hnkn dbs hmotrbs supmrkbrms nbs koemrkbrms ob prbhmssb onturng dn vkdn, mgm pbdm smr rmvmrtkdb m kjpugskbondb obvnjmotm pnrn bs hmotrbs supmrkbrms ntrnvës dns prîtkhns dm iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ ybfn, ybfn, rmkotmfrnodb-sm hbj sun ebotm, b `kodu-vksnrfn. `kodu-vksnrfn. N onturmzn db skstmjn emjkokob ë dkemrmotm n mstm rmspmktb. Mgm mstî rmgnhkbondb hbj b rncns (`kodu vmrjmglb), qum ë mstn`mgmhkdb obs hmotrbs koemrkbrms m mstî nssbhkndb hbj b skstmjn rmprbdutkvb m b hkhgb jmostrung. B rncns ë rncns ë uokdb hbj b sbg on rmfkèb db jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn-hnirn -hnirn,, b qum rmvmgn qum n tmodãohkn onturng dn juglmr ë hrknr m supbrtnr n vkdn. N juglmr oèb prmhksn trnoshmodmr b juodb onturng n ekj dm ndqukrkr mxpmrkãohkns mspkrktunks. Xun rmhmptkvkdndm kotmron hrmshm ntrnvës db prbhmssb onturng dn vkdn, mspmhkngjmotm obs pmrêbdbs dm rmprbduæèb, b qum rmsugtn on mxpmrkãohkn dkrmtn dn Pmngkdndm Ógtkjn. Qbr hbotn dkssb, ob pnssndb, ns juglmrms fmrngjmotm oèb sm movbgvknj hbj prîtkhns mspkrktunks n ekj dm dmspmrtnr sun onturmzn dkvkon m smus pbdmrms rmgnhkbondbs. Hbotudb, n juglmr qum hnongkzn b rncns rncns nbs hmotrbs supmrkbrms mxpmrkjmotn uj dmspmrtnr jnks pbdmrbsb db qum b lbjmj, pbks b rncns ë rncns ë juktb jnks ebrtm qum b sluign, sluign, mspmhkngjmotm qunodb mstî hbohmotrndb obs hmotrbs koemrkbrms. Ë pbr hbotn dkssb qum n hbotrnpnrtm emjkokon, n dũtĩ bu bu snhmrdbtksn, smjprm ebk mssmohkng on trndkæèb tàotrkhn. Dm nhbrdb hbj b Tnotrn, b `kodu mxkstm `kodu mxkstm mj duns ebrjns, b `rnohb m b vmrjmglb. B `kodu `rnohb `kodu `rnohb rmprmsmotn b prkohêpkb-hboshkãohkn, QuruṨ QuruṨn bu œ kkvn. vn. B `kodu vmrjmglb `kodu vmrjmglb rmprmsmotn b prkohêpkb-momrfkn, Qrni ṙ ṙtk t k bu œnitk. œnitk. Dmotrb dm hndn kodkvêdub b `kodu `rnohb `kodu `rnohb sm brkfkon ob nssmotb dn Gun, b `koduvksnrfn-hnirn, vksnrfn-hnirn, m b `kodu vmrjmglb `kodu vmrjmglb ob nssmotb db Xbg, b jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn-hnirn -hnirn.. Mj`brn nj`bs bs `kodus mstmcnj `kodus mstmcnj prmsmotms mj hndn kodkvêdub, b `rnohb ë prmdbjkonotm ob hbrpb jnshugkob m b vmrjmglb ob hbrpb emjkokob.
^unodb b `kodu `rnohb `kodu `rnohb hnk, mgm ë trnosebrjndb mj sãjmo (sluign (sluign)) bu eguêdb jnshugkob rmprbdutkvb. ^unodb b `kodu vmrjmglb `kodu vmrjmglb hnk, mgm sm tbron eguêdb jmostrung (rncns (rncns). ). Ntrnvës dm prîtkhns mspmhêekhns dm iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ -ybfn, -ybfn, b sãjmo prbduzkdb pmgb hbrpb jnshugkob pbdm smr trnosjutndb obvnjmotm mj hboshkãohkn. Xkjkgnrjmotm, b eguêdb jmstrung prbduzkdb pmgb hbrpb emjkokob pbdm smr trnosjutndb obvnjmotm mj momrfkn. Mstm prbhmssb dm trnosebrjnæèb sbjmotm ë pbssêvmg pbrqum mj uj oêvmg sutkg mstns duns momrfkns mxkstmj on ebrjn dm smjmotms bu `kodus. `kodus. Ob prbhmssb ybfĩ prbhmssb ybfĩ , ë mxtrmjnjmotm kjpbrtnotm rmtmr mstms dbks `kodus `kodus pmgb prbhmssb dm su`gkjnæèb9 sbjmotm dmstn jnomkrn b prbfrmsskvb dmspmrtnr dns ebræns mspkrktunks mgmvndns oèb smrî b`struêdb. Pncns ë Pncns ë dmshrktb ons mshrkturns hbjb uj vmrjmglb rndknotm, ujn rmemrãohkn hgnrn nb eguêdb jmostrung. Hbotudb, b øvugb ë n jnokemstnæèb eêskhn db `kodu ob `kodu ob hbrpb emjkokob. B ebgêhugb bvnrknob, qum outrm m movbgvm b øvugb, ë rmspbosîvmg pmgb hkhgb jmostrung. B eguxb jmostrung m ns smhrmæýms vnfkonks sèb jnokemstnæýms dmpmodmotms db øvugb pbrqum b ebgêhugb bvnrknob smhrmtn mstrbfãokb m prbfmstmrbon, lbrjôokbs qum koduzmj n prbgkemrnæèb db rmvmstkjmotb utmrkob m sun mxpugsèb durnotm n jmostrunæèb. Qbrtnotb, b `kodu `kodu vmrjmglb bu rncns rncns mstî rmgnhkbondb hbj b hkhgb rmprbdutbr emjkokob mj uj oêvmg eêskhb. Mj uj oêvmg pràokhb, hbotudb, rncns hbrrmspbodm n prĎṆn prĎṆn-řnitk řnitk,, n ebræn vktng rmprmsmotndn pmgb sbg m pmgn hbr vmrjmgln. B jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn-hnirn -hnirn,, ntrîs db uj`kfb, ë b hmotrb bu pgmxb sbgnr, hboebrjm b iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ -ybfn. -ybfn. Mgm ë b frnodm nrjnzëj dm prĎṆ dm prĎṆnn m b hmotrb db ebfb (nfok-jnṆḊ nfok-jnṆḊ ngn), ngn), skj`bgkzndb pbr uj trkàofugb vmrjmglb kovmrtkdb. B rncns, rncns, omstm oêvmg pràokhb, sktun-sm omssn rmfkèb. Xluign, Xluign, b `kodu `rnohb, `kodu `rnohb, ë rmprmsmotndb mj uj oêvmg eêskhb hbjb b mspmrjntbzøkdm ob brfnoksjb jnshugkob, hucb vmêhugb ë b eguêdb smjkong. B mspmrjntbzøkdm sm tbron b `kodu qunodb `kodu qunodb b sãjmo ë su`gkjndb. Ob prbhmssb dm su`gkjnæèb, omj b eguêdb bu n momrfkn mshnpnj db hbrpb. Hbotudb, oèb ë n rmtmoæèb bu n mjkssèb db eguêdb smjkong qum kjpbrtn nquk, jns n hbosmrvnæèb dn momrfkn qum ë utkgkzndn mj sun prbduæèb. B nssmotb db sluign ë sluign ë n gun, qum sm rmgnhkbon hbj n jmotm bu hkttn-řnitk hkttn-řnitk,, n ebræn jmotng bu hboshkmotm. Ob iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ -ybfn -ybfn n gun ë rmprmsmotndn mj dbks oêvmks dm mvbguæèb3 ob oêvmg kostkotkvb mgn ë rmprmsmotndn pmgb swĎdlksṪlĎon-hnirn lĎon-hnirn m ob oêvmg jmotng jnks mgmvndb pmgb `kodu-vksnrfn-hnirn. `kodu-vksnrfn-hnirn. On skj`bgbfkn dbs hnirns, hnirns, n gun ë nssbhkndn n mstms dbks hnirns. hnirns. Qbrtnotb, b `kodu `rnohb du `rnohb mstî nssbhkndb á prbduæèb db sãjmo ob oêvmg db swĎdlksṪlĎon m swĎdlksṪlĎon m n smhrmæèb db njṙ njṙ tn ob tn ob `kodu-vksnrfn. `kodu-vksnrfn. Nsskj, b `kodu `rnohb `kodu `rnohb sm rmgnhkbon hbj n gun, qum hbrrmspbodm tnotb nb swĎdlksṪlĎon qunotb swĎdlksṪlĎon qunotb nb `kodu-vksnrfn, `kodu-vksnrfn, dmpmodmodb db hbotmxtb. Hbjb rncns bu rncns bu prĎṆ prĎṆnn-řnitk řnitk mstî mstî nssbhkndn nb Xbg on rmfkèb db jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn m sm jnokemstn hbjb ebræn prbhrkntkvn on rmfkèb db ótmrb bu swĎdlksṪlĎon, swĎdlksṪlĎon, mgn sm sustmotn pbr npĎon, npĎon, n ebræn pràokhn qum usungjmotm dmshm dn rmfkèb db uj`kfb ntë b pmrêomb. Bs dkemrmotms judrĎs judrĎs,, `nodlns m irkyĎs db iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ -
ybfn rmvmrtmj ybfn rmvmrtmj b eguxb dmshmodmotm dm rncns, rncns, dm jnomkrn qum mgm pbssn obvnjmotm vbgtnr n rmfkèb dm nfok-jnṆḊ nfok-jnṆḊ ngn bu ngn bu jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn-hnirn -hnirn.. Omstm prbhmssb, b frnodm nrjnzëj dm prĎṆ dm prĎṆnn ob jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn ë ë frndntkvnjmotm ntkvndb m dmspmrtb pmgn ebræn dm rncns. rncns. Qbstmrkbrjmotm, pmgns jmsjns tëhokhns hktndns nhkjn, b dmspmrtnr db prĎṆ db prĎṆnn bu rncns ë rncns ë dkrkfkdb pnrn dmotrb dn suṨ suṨujṆĎ ujṆĎ--oĎḊĩ , dm bodm nshmodm hbj frnodm ebræn m sm kotmfrn hbj b `kodu. du. Mssm prbhmssb pbdm smr hbjpnrndb nb dmspmrtnr dn iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ ob ob oêvmg dm jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn.. Qbrtnotb, ë dktb qum hbj b dmspmrtnr dn iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ n n pnrtkr db jũgĎdlĎrn, gĎdlĎrn, prĎṆn prĎṆn-řnitk řnitk nshmodm nshmodm hbjb ujn fnrbn ekon, jns qunodb n iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ dmspmrtn n pnrtkr db jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn,, mgn nshmodm hbjb ujn tbrrmotm dm momrfkn, uj vmrdndmkrb vughèb mj mrupæèb. Kotmfrnodb rncns hbj rncns hbj b sbg on rmfkèb db jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn,, b dmspmrtnr dn iu iuṆṆḊngkoĩ sm sm tbron mstîvmg m hbotkounjmotm prbfrmsskvb. B dmspmrtnr dn iu iuṆḊ ṆḊ nngkoĩ n pnrtkr db jũgĎdlĎrn jũgĎdlĎrn ouohn ë pmrjnomotm. Mgn sb`m m dmshm dmvkdb á næèb frnvktnhkbong dns kdmotkekhnæýms m nssbhknæýms jntmrknks. Oèb mxkstm ebræn b suekhkmotm pnrn ntrnvmssnr ns `nrrmkrns iîrjkhns m kostkotkvns dbs hmotrbs jnks koemrkbrms. Hbotudb, qunodb n iu iuṆḊngkoĩ ṆḊngkoĩ ë dmspmrtn n pnrtkr db jnṆkpũrn jnṆkpũrn-hnirn -hnirn pmgn pmgn kotmfrnæèb db rncns hbj rncns hbj b sbg, oèb mxkstm qumdn pbstmrkbr m b rncns rncns sb`m dmskjpmdkdb ntrnvës dn suṨ suṨujṆĎ ujṆĎ--oĎḊĩ pnrn sm kotmfrnr hbj `kodu. `kodu. Njbr ë n gmk, njbr sb` vbotndm vbotndm.. B Oëhtnr & b Umomob ë Umomob ë uj tmjn dmsmovbgvkdb on Mdkæèb Mspmhkng dm B BGLB DM LBBP3 N JNFKN XM\]NG DM NGMKXTMP HPBVGM[ MJ TMBPKN & QPÎTKHN. Mstm ë uj Cbrong dm Qmsquksns Tlmgãjkhns prbduzkdb Tlmgãjkhns prbduzkdb pmgb Butmr Hbggmfm @rnskg , gkoln dm trnosjkssèb dn N N ntrnvës dm Erntmr Xmt-Npmlpml, 045 . Qnrn motrnr mj hbotntb hbj b Hnohmggnrkus dn Hnohmggnrkus dn N N nhmssm b gkoi3 ∴
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