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Optical Power Debugging in the DWDM System
ZTE Corporation Transmission Course Team Unitrans D&T Group
Reference Points in the DWDM System
So
So
OAC So
So
OTS
Si Si
OMS
OCH
Si
Si OAC
Reference Points in the DWDM System
So
So
OAC So
So
OTS
Si Si
OMS
OCH
Si
Si OAC
Basic Knowledge
Optical Power Unit
m W (Milliwatt) (Milliwatt) •
Commonly used optical power unit
d B m ( D ec e c i b e l f o r m i l l iw iw a t t ) •
Optical power unit for the easy calculation
dB ( Decebel) •
Value for the optical power increased or decreased
Basic Knowledge
Relationship between mW and dBm
A(mW)=10lgA(dBm)
B ( d B m ) = 1 0 B/10 (mW)
content
Purpose of Optical Power Debugging
Basic Formulas
Optical Power Calculation
Examples
Optical Power Debugging Purpose We have
3
Purposes:
1. Make each channel has the same the optical power in the transmission.
2. Make the OA working in the Best State.
3. Make the OTUR working in the Best State.
Optical Power Debugging Purpose 1.
Make each channel has the same the optical power in the transmission.
In the transmission, the output power from OA cannot be as high as we want, so the limited optical power should be allotted to each channel equally. After demultiplexing, each receiver can get the same optical power.
Optical Power Debugging Purpose Continue: If In the receiving end:
O D U
Over loading OTUR
Client Side OTUR
Under sensitivity
Control the difference between any two waves to less than 3dB. The less difference the better.
Optical Power Debugging Purpose 2.
Make the OA working in the Best State.
OA has three working state:
Over-Saturated State; Saturated State;
This is the best working state.
Under-Saturated State;
Optical Power Debugging Purpose
3.
Make the OTUR working in the Best State.
2.5G
10G
PIN
APD
0~-18dBm
-9~-28dBm
Best: -8dBm
Best: -14dBm
0~-14dBm
-9~-21dBm
Best: -6dBm
Best: -12dBm
Optical Power Debugging Purpose OTUT Output Power:
2.5G
OTUT or OTUG (EA or LD)=0~ -10dBm
10G
OTUT or OTUG (EA or LD)=-1~ -5dBm
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Purpose of Optical Power Debugging
Basic Formulas
Basic Optical Power Calculation
Examples
Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation P1
Formula 1:
P2
P3
P N
P N=Pλ 1+Pλ 2+Pλ 3+…+Pλ N (mW) P N=P1+P1+P1+…+P1 (mW)
Because Pλ 1=Pλ 2=…=Pλ N = P1
=N×P1 (mW) 10lgP N=10lg(N×P1) =10lgN+10lgP1
Because 10lgP N (mW) =P N (dBm) 10lgP1 (mW) =P1 (dBm)
P N=10lgN+P1
PN=10lgN+P1
Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation Formula 2:
Pin
O M
Suspended
O Pout
U IL (Insertion Loss)
Pout=Pin/IL (mw) 10lgPout=10lgPin-10lgIL
Pin
Pout
D U IL (Insertion Loss)
Because 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm) 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)
Pout=Pin-IL (dBm)
Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation Formula 3:
Pin
OA
Pout
G (Gain)
Pout=Pin×G (mw) 10lgPout=10lgPin+10lgG
Because 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm) 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)
Pout=Pin+G (dBm)
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Purpose of Optical Power Debugging
Basic Formulas
Basic Optical Power Calculation
Examples
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm ch1 Input
ch5
OTU1
λ1
┇ OTUn
O M U
1620
1412
BA
PA
λn 32
O D U
λ1
32 λn
ch1 OTU1
┇ OTUn
Output
ch5
Line loss = 20dB Insertion loss = 7dB
Insertion loss = 7dB
The Maximum Capacity of this DWDM system is 2.5G╳32Chs. Now, there are only five traffics in it.
Question: Where and what attenuation the attenuators should be added in the system? lg32=1.5, lg5=0.7
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm ch1 Input
ch5
OTUT1
┇ OTUTn
λ1
O M U
1620
1412
BA
PA
λn 32
O D U
λ1
32 λn
ch1 OTUR1
┇ OTURn
Output
ch5
Line loss = 20dB Insertion loss = 7dB
Insertion loss = 7dB
1. Before OMU: Optical power for each channel is the same. 2. Before OA: OA works in the best state. 3. Before OTUR: Receiver works in the best state.
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm
ch1 Input
ch5
λ1
OTU1
O M U
┇ OTUn
λn
1620
1412
BA
PA
32
32 IL = 7dB
Pin
Pout
① P1out=P1in-IL (Formula 2) =-3-7 =-10(dBm)
O D U
Line loss = 20dB
λ1
ch1 OTU1
┇ λn
IL = 7dB
OTUn
Output
ch5
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm
ch1 Input
ch5
OTU1
λ1
O M U
┇ OTUn
λn
1620
1412
BA
PA
O D U
32
32 IL = 7dB
Line loss = 20dB
λ1
ch1 OTU1
┇ λn
OTUn
Output
ch5
IL = 7dB
Pin Pout
① P32out=P1out+10lg32 (Formula 1) P1out=P32out-10lg32
② P1out=P1in+G (Formula 3) P1in=P1out-G
=20-15
=5-16
=5(dBm)
=-11(dBm)
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm
ch1 Input
ch5
OTU1
λ1
┇ OTUn
λn
O M U
1620
1412
BA
PA
32
32 IL = 7dB
O D U
Line loss = 20dB
PoutOMU PInOBA
Attenuation=P1outOMU-P1inOBA =-10-(-11) =1(dB)
Before OBA: 1 dB attenuation
λ1
ch1 OTU1
┇ λn
IL = 7dB
OTUn
Output
ch5
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm
ch1 Input
ch5
λ1
OTU1
┇ OTUn
λn
O M U
1620
1412
BA
PA
32
32 Line loss = 20dB
IL = 7dB
PoutOBA
P After Line=P1outOBA-Line Loss =5-20 =-15(dBm)
O D U
PAfter Line
λ1
ch1 OTU1
┇ λn
IL = 7dB
OTUn
Output
ch5
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm
ch1 Input
ch5
OTU1
λ1
O M U
┇ OTUn
λn
1620
1412
BA
PA
O D U
32
32 IL = 7dB
Line loss = 20dB
P1out=P32out-10lg32
ch1 OTU1
┇ λn
OTUn
Output
ch5
IL = 7dB Pin
① P32out=P1out+10lg32 (Formula 1)
λ1
Pout
② P1out=P1in+G (Formula 3) P1in=P1out-G
=12-15
=-3-14
=-3(dBm)
=-17(dBm)
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm
ch1 Input
ch5
OTU1
λ1
┇ OTUn
λn
O M U
1620
1412
BA
PA
32
32 IL = 7dB
O D U
Line loss = 20dB
λ1
┇ λn
IL = 7dB
PAfter Line PInOPA
Attenuation=P After Line-P1inOPA =-15-(-17) =2(dB)
Before OPA: 2 dB attenuation
ch1 OTU1
OTUn
Output
ch5
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm
ch1 Input
ch5
OTU1
λ1
O M U
┇ OTUn
λn
1620
1412
BA
PA
O D U
32
32 IL = 7dB
Line loss = 20dB
P1in=P1out+IL =-14+7
=-7(dBm)
ch1 OTU1
┇ λn
IL = 7dB Pin
① P1out=P1in-IL (Formula 2)
λ1
Pout
OTUn
Output
ch5
Basic Optical Power Calculation APD
-3dBm
ch1 Input
ch5
OTU1
λ1
┇ OTUn
λn
O M U
1620
1412
BA
PA
32
32 IL = 7dB
O D U
Line loss = 20dB
λ1
┇ λn
IL = 7dB PoutOPA PinOMU
Attenuation=P1outOPA-P1inODU =-3-(-7) =4(dB)
Before ODU: 4 dB attenuation
ch1 OTU1
OTUn
Output
ch5
Question?
Just now, we use one channel optical power in the attenuation calculation. What happened if we use 5 channels or 32 channels optical power in the calculation?
