HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE Puerto Princesa City
Health Care 2
OUTBREAK February 2, 2009
ALCÁNTARA, Eduardo L., BSN 2nd Year N1-St. Dominic
Submitted to: Ms. Jasmin A. Rocamora, R.N.
OUTBREAK
1. Based on the film, define Epidemiology. Epidemiology. Based on the film, Epidemiology can Epidemiology can be defined as where, when , how the disease occurred, who are the people are affected and the number their number and what is/are the reason of the disease and how deadly the disease is and what are the ways on how to prevent it. The disease started in Zaire, where it was discovered on the monkeys in the year 1992. It occurred or spread through the monkey (Zaire) who’s has been traded in a US Pet shop. And through the mouth, nose
and skin contact with the monkey, the people were infected and the spread of the Ebola virus started.
2. How dose case finding and disease surveillance aid or help in solving the disease outbreak? Case finding and disease helps or aids in solving the disease outbreak through identifying or giving vital data and informations to the the autho authori rity ty.. It give gives s us data data abou aboutt the the speci specifi fic c plac place e wher where e the the disease started, the people and the population that’s affected by the outbreak and what kind of intervention to stop its widespread. It also increases the people’s awareness of the disease on how deadly it is. It makes everyone aware on how to stop its progress and know what the other needed and important precautions are.
3. Explain the chain of infection. Explanation: The infectious agent is a Biological Agent in the name of Motaba Ebola virus. It started out in Motaba, Zaire. After the development of this microbial organism it thrives and reproduces in the White-fronted Capuchin Monkey which is the Carrier of the disease. The micr microo oorg rgani anism sm leav leaves es the the Carri Carrier er thro throug ugh h the the Nose Nose or Mout Mouth h by transferring in the methods of airborne or contact with the Carrier. It will infect the person through the mouth, nose or through the skin contact and the humans will be the susceptible host.
INFECTIOUS AGENT (Biological Agent - Motaba Ebola Virus) A microbial organism with the ability to cause disease. The greater the organism's virulence (ability to grow and multiply), invasiveness (ability to enter tissue) and pathogenicity (ability to cause disease), the greater the possibility that the organism will cause an infection. Infectious agents are bacteria, viruses, viruses, fungi, and parasites. parasites.
RESERVOIR/CARRIER ( a White-fronted Capuchin Monkey) A place within which microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. For example, microorganisms microorganisms thrive in human beings, animals, and inanimate objects such as water, table tops, and doorknobs.
PORTAL OF EXIT (Nose, Mouth, Skin) A place of exit providing a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir. For example, the microorganism may leave the reservoir through the nose or mouth when someone sneezes or coughs. Microorganisms, Microorganisms, carried away from the body by feces, may also leave the reservoir of an infected bowel.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION (Airborne or Contact) Method of transfer by which the organism moves or is carried from one place to another. The hands of the health care worker may carry bacteria from one person to another.
PORTAL OF ENTRY (Mucus, breaks in the skin) An opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host. Portals include body orifices, mucus membranes, or breaks in the skin. Portals also result from tubes placed in body cavities, such as urinary catheters, or from punctures produced by invasive procedures such as intravenous fluid replacement. replacement.
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST (Human-beings) A person who cannot resist a microorganism invading the body, multiplying, and resulting in infection. The host is susceptible to the disease, lacking immunity or physical resistance resistance to overcome the invasion by the pathogenic microorganism. microorganism.
4. Illustrate or explain the procedure used during the disease outbreak. The procedures used during the disease outbreak: Disease surveillan surveillance ce - which the spread of disease is a. Disease monitored in order to establish patterns of progression. The main role of disease surveillance is to predict, observe, and mini minimi mize ze the the harm harm caus caused ed by outb outbre reak, ak, epid epidem emic ic,, and pandemic situations, as well as increase our knowledge as to what factors might contribute to such circumstances. A key part of modern disease surveillance is the practice of disease case reporting. b.
Identification or studying the place of infection and the people infected – in order we can determine who needs the prioritization.
c.
Isolat Isolation ion of the infect infected ed perso persons ns – to avoi avoid d furt furthe herr infections to other persons.
d.
e.
Taking the blood samples – to know any changes in the blood of the client and determine the speed of the infection of the microorganisms. Injection – to lessen or prevent the widespread through the serum.
f.
Burning of the dead and infected bodies – to stop the disease outbreak.
5. Give examples of the 3 levels of prevention.
Primary Prevention Providing specific protection against disease to prevent its occurrence is the most desirable form of prevention. Primary preventive efforts spare the client client the cost, cost, dis discomf comfort ort and the threat to the quality quality of life that illness illness poses poses or at least least delay delay the onset of illness. illness. Preventive Preventive measures measures consist of counseling, education and adoption of specific health practices or changes in lifestyle. Examples:
a. Mandatory immunization of children belonging to the age ran range of 0 – 50 month onths s old old to con control trol acut cute infection diseases. b. Mini Minimi mizi zing ng cont contam amin inat atio ion n of the the work work or gene genera rall environment by asbestos dust, silicone dust, smoke, chemical pollutants and excessive noise.
Secondary Prevention It consist of organized, direct screening efforts or education of the public to prom promote ote early early case case findin finding g of an indivi individu dual al with with dis diseas ease e so that that promp promptt intervention can be instituted to halt pathologic processes processes and limit disability. Early diagnosis of a health problem can decrease the catastrophic effects that might otherwise result for the individual and the family from advanced illness and its many complications. Examples:
a. Public education to promote breast self-examination, use of home kits for detection of occult blood in stool spec specim imen ens s and and fami famili liar arit ity y with with the the seve seven n canc cancer er danger signals. b. Scre Screen enin ing g Uterine
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cancer
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and and
sexually transmitted disease.
Tertiary Prevention It begins early in the period of recovery from illness illness and consists consists of such activities as consistent and appropriate administration of medications
to optimize therapeutic effects, moving and positioning to prevent comp compli lica cati tion ons s of immo immobi bili lity ty and and pass passiv ive e and and acti active ve exer exerci cise se to prevent
disabil bility.
Continuing
health
super pervision
during
reha rehabi bili lita tati tion on to rest restor ore e an indi indivi vidu dual al to an opti optima mall leve levell of functioning. Minimizing residual disability disability and helping the client learn to live productively with limitations are the goals of tertiary prevention. (Pender, 1987)
6. Identify the function of Nurse in Epidemiology . The Nurse is so important in Epidemiology. He or she works as a Researcher or Co-researcher. He or she does the following duties:
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Provides the community with stimulation necessary for a wider or more complex study or problems. Enforce community to do prompt and intelligent reporting of epidemiologic investigation of disease. suggest areas that need research (by creating dissatisfaction) participate in planning for the study in formulating procedures assist in the collection of data helps interpret findings collectively
•
act on the result of the research
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