PROJECT REPORT ON “PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM” Submitted by
Sachin D. Bhingare Prasad P. Bagaregari Bhushan S. Devare Rakesh H. Bhatt
In partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Telecommunication) Telecommunication)
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Government College of Engineering, Jalgaon
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon (M.S.) (2009-2010)
PROJECT REPORT ON “PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM”
Submitted by Sachin D. Bhingare Prasad P. Bagaregari Bhushan S. Devare Rakesh H. Bhatt
In partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Telecommunication)
Guided by
Dr. D. S. Chaudhari
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Government College of Engineering, Jalgaon
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon (M.S.) (2009-2010)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Report on “Patient Monitoring System” submitted by Sachin D. Bhingare, Prasad P. Bagaregari, Bhushan S. Devare, Rakesh H. Bhatt a bonafide work completed under my supervision and guidance in partial
fulfillment for the requirement of the Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Telecommunication) Degree of North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon.
Guide
Place: Jalgaon Date:
Head of Department
Principal
PROJECT APPROVAL SHEET
Sachin D. Bhingare, Prasad P. Bagaregari, Bhushan S. Devare, Rakesh H. Bhatt have done the appropriate work related to “Patient Monitoring System” in the
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Telecommunication) Degree of North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon.
Examiner:
Date: Place: Jalgaon
Guide:
Date: Place: Jalgaon
SYNOPSIS OF PROJECT Submitted by:
Sachin Dnyaneshwar Bhingare Prasad Prabhakar Bagaregari Bhushan Suresh Devare Rakesh Harikrishan Bhatt
Course:
B. E. (Electronics and Telecommunication)
Title of the project:
Patient Monitoring System
Name of the guide:
Dr. D. S. Chaudhari
SYNOPSIS a) Introduction Strictly termed in engineering
and technical manner, a patient monitoring system is a
biomedical application of electronics engineering, in which the medical parameters of any subject (patient) are sensed and then after signal conditioning, they are monitored at remote or similar level. Designing of such a monitoring system requires analysis of all such parameters, signal conditioning and final estimation of output. Today’s patients face a depressing situation confined to a fixed area tethered to their monitoring equipment. However, recent advances in wireless technologies now make it possible to free patients from their equipment, allowing greater freedom and even making possible monitoring by their health provider while the patient is on the go. In this project, we examine the technology, typical medical monitoring applications and some of the design issues related to employing short-range wireless technology to improve the patient experience.
Technology should support care providers work and improve patient care performance. The effectiveness of the monitoring technology can mean the difference between life and death. Yet current patient monitoring systems have serious shortcomings. These shortcomings include increased workload associated with managing the monitoring interface, and low positive-predictive value of alarms and warnings regarding patient status. Also, such systems often fail to present relevant information in usable formats, or fail to provide such information in a timely and efficient manner. These problems can impede as opposed to help provision of care. Questions are often raised as to whether these systems enhance or hinder operators' ability to monitor and interact with the patient. These issues must be addressed in order to insure patient safety.
Our project focuses on empirical data and provides interface and technique for human factors research. This project stresses the fact that the design of patient monitoring technology cannot be driven purely by technological forces, and that human factors and ergonomics practitioners must pursue innovative design approaches in order to insure usable monitoring equipment that safe guards patient health.
The sensing of pulse rate and temperature at parametric level and then passing through the signal conditioning and providing the impact of parallel to serial conversion, the information in the form of digital bits are transmitted. On the similar line, the signal received at the receiver side and be converted to parallel bits and then displayed at the display.
In the similar manner, the audible spectrum of the subject under test is traced using the audiogram provided herewith and the replica of which is utilized for the sake of analyzing and diagnosing the hearing and the disorder with it.
b) Concept of Channel Encoding and Decoding The key concept of channel encoding lies in the conversion of analog communication path into the digitized coded channel i.e. the modulated digital data from the encoded source is transmitted and traditionally received but during this process, the errors are introduced in the binary sequence received at the receiver. To get rid of these errors, channel coding is done. The channel encoder adds some redundant bits with properly defined logic and transmits them.
In case of decoding, the converse process is carried out i.e. removal of such redundant bits and getting the actual data.
The important parameters of channel encoding are 1) Type of channel coding used. 2) Coding rate, this depends upon the redundant bits added by channel encoder. 3) Coding efficiency, which is ratio of data rate at input to the data rate at output. 4) Feasibility of encoder and decoder.
c) Construction of Operational Units The entire patient monitoring system has following units mounted on PCB Excitation Circuitry I.
Power supply unit
This functional unit provides regulated power supply of +5 volts to the various circuits in the transmitter which constitutes step down transformer; full wave rectifier, shunt capacitor filter and fixed voltage regulator built using IC7805. II.
Clock oscillator
This signal generator performs principal function of supplying clock (square wave) of 1 kHz, 8 kHz, 572.27 kHz frequency.
Sensing Circuitry i.
Pulse rate sensor
This section is exclusively designed using LM358 and OPTO-COUPLER. The main aspect of which is the sensing of flow rate variations along the nerves of finger inserted in the test piece.
ii.
Temperature sensor
This circuit is designed using LM35 and LM385 (Fixed voltage reference).The circuit senses the temperature in the range of 15
o
C to
o
150 C and provides the corresponding output. Signal Conditioning Circuitry i.
Analog to digital converter
This device converts the analog signals incoming from sensors and converts them to digital data using ADC0808. The circuit accepts the signals in alternate manner and provides the relevant output. ii.
Parallel to serial converter
This module accepts the parallel data from ADC0808 and converts it to serial out proportionately using ICDM74165. Radio Frequency (RF) Transmitting Circuitry i.
Channel encoder
This circuit is mainly designed using HT12E for encoding of channel being allotted. Introduction of error bits in the signal and transmits them. ii.
Radio frequency (RF) transmitter
This module has the job of modulating the available data using ASK and transmitting it wirelessly.
Radio Frequency (RF) Receiving Circuitry i.
RF receiver
The receiver after receiving the digital data demodulates it and removes the RF carrier and provides the signal in serial output form. ii.
Channel Decoder
This circuit is mainly designed using HT12D for decoding of channel being allotted. Removal of error bits in the signal and decoding them. iii.
Serial to Parallel Converter
This converter converts the single line data into the multiple lines in the form of parallel bits using IC74HC595. The bus carries the data as per the generated binary values. Output Parameters Display Card
The said subsystem is designed using IC7447 (BCD to Seven segment display decoder) and LT542 (Common anode type) display. This chip after taking parallel data bits as input illuminates the LEDs as per the sequence. The corresponding decimal digit is thus displayed as finished output or final output parameter.
Speech Signal Processing
The subsystem under this title is extensively designed for getting the spectrum of the hearing aid (Ear) under test. Specifically designed using MATLAB, this module generates the audible spectra corresponding to it. Inference of which is nothing but the cure of hearing disability (if any) can be well nourished with LAN to make it multispecious for end users. On the other hand, it can be simulated for DSP module (TMS-3173) or multimedia card whichever is compatible for the application under the mentioned portfolio.
CONTENTS Page No. List of Figures
i
List of Tables
ii
List of Abbreviations
iii
Acknowledgements
iv
Chapters 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 System overview
1
1
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
3
2.1 Monitoring: a definition
3
2.2 Need for Patient Monitoring
3
2.3 Solutions for monitoring
3
2.3.1 What is wearable medical monitor?
4
2.3.2 Why are wearable medical monitors?
4
2.3.3 The wearable medical monitors
4
2.3.4 Things involved in patient monitoring and management
5
2.3.5 Monitoring in the past
5
2.3.6 Monitoring in the present
5
3. DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM
6
3.1 Pictorial representation of system 4. CIRCUITISM
4.1 Regulated power supply
6 8
8
4.1.1 Construction
8
4.1.2 Operation
9
4.2 Clock Oscillator
10
4.2.1 Construction
10
4.2.2 Operation
11
4.2.3 Design equations
11
4.3 Sensing element
13
4.3.1 Temperature sensor
13
4.3.1.1 Construction
13
4.3.1.2 Operation
14
4.3.2 Pulse rate sensor
15
4.3.2.1 Construction
15
4.3.2.2 Operation
16
4.4 Signal conditioning element 4.4.1Analog to Digital Converter
17 17
4.4.1.1 Construction
17
4.4.1.2 Design equation
18
4.4.1.3 Operation
19
4.4.2 Parallel to Serial Converter
22
4.4.2.1 Construction
22
4.4.2.2 Operation
23
4.5 RF Transmitting element
24
4.5.1 Construction
24
4.5.2 Operation
26
4.5.3 Address/data programming
26
4.6 RF Receiving element
28
4.6.1 Construction
28
4.6.2 Operation
29
4.6.3 Output type
30
4.7 Output manipulation elements 4.7.1 Serial to parallel converter 4.7.1.1 Construction 4.7.1.2 Operation 4.8 Speech signal processing 4.8.1 Operation 4.8.2 Networking using LAN 4.9 Output parameters display 4.9.1 Construction 4.9.2 Operation
31 31 31 32 33 34 34 35 35 36
5. DESIGNING AND DEVELOPING CIRCUITS ON PCB
37
5.1 Artwork and layout formation
37
5.2 Etching
39
5.3 Drilling
39
5.4 Component mounting
39
5.5 PCB Layouts of various circuits used in PMS
40
6. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
44
6.1 System testing
44
6.2 Testing Principle
44
6.3 Experimental analysis
44
6.4 Testing objectives
44
6.5 Troubleshooting
45
7. CONCLUSIONS
46
8. APPLICATIONS
47
8.1 Diagnosis and care
47
8.2 Telemedicine
47
8.3 Patient online health care
47
8.4 Diagnosis of disabled people
47
9. FUTURE SCOPE
48
APPENDICES
49
A.1 Form for recording information of hearing impaired subject
49
A.2 Form for subject’s willingness to participate
50
A.3 Sample analysis result
51
REFERENCES
52
List of Figures Figure No.
Page No.
Fig.1 Fig.2 Fig.3
Schematic of PMS (Transmitter) Schematic of PMS (Receiver) Regulated power supply (+5Volts)
6 7 8
Fig.4
Clock ocsillator using IC555 as astable multivibrator
10
Fig.5 Fig.6
Temperature detector using LM35 Pulse rate sensor using LM358
13 15
Fig.7
Analog to digital converter using ADC0808
17
Fig.8 Fig.9 Fig.10 Fig.11 Fig.12
Parallel to serial converter using ICDM74165 RF module (Transmitter) and Encoder Waveforms for TE line RF module (Receiver) and Decoder Serial to parallel converter using SIPO IC74HC595A
22 24 26 28 31
Fig.13 Fig.14 Fig.15
Experimental setup for speech signal analysis and synthesis Block of MatLab Link for CCS and DSP Output parameters display card
33 33 35
Fig.16
Power supply and Clock oscillator
40
Fig.17 Fig.18
Pulse rate sensor using LM358 Temperature sensor using LM35 and ADC0808
40 41
Fig.19
Parallel in serial out register (PISO)
41
Fig.20 Fig.21 Fig.22 Fig.23
RF transmitter and Channel encoder(HT12E) RF receiver and Channel decoder (HT12D) Serial in parallel out register (SIPO) Output parameters display card
42 42 43 43
PCB Layouts
List of Tables Table No.
Page No
Table 1
Multiplexer configuration
18
Table 2
Functions of available terminals of RF transmitter (RX-3140)
25
Table 3
Functions of available terminals of RF receiver (RX-3140)
29
Table 4
Components spacing and specifications for artwork design
38
Table 5
Test output
51
List of Abbreviations PMS
Patient Monitoring System
AC
Alternating Current
IBC
Intelligent Biomedical Clothing
BP
Blood Pressure
ADC
Analog to Digital Converter
RF
Radio Frequency
SIPO
Serial in Parallel Out
DC
Direct Current
PIV
Peak Inverse Voltage
LDR
Light Dependent Resistor
TTL
Transistor Transistor Logic
SAR
Successive Approximation Register
SOC
Start of Conversion
EOC
End of Conversion
OE
Output Enable
PL
Parallel Load
DS
Serial Data
PISO
Parallel in Serial Out
OOK
ON-OFF Keying
VT
Valid Transmission
BCD
Binary Coded Decimal
LAN
Local Area Network
DSP
Digital Signal Processing
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Breathing for the aim and living for the targets ever allots every person the bread and butter to go and conquer their desire and targets whatever they deserve. To perform in such environment and work under those people who have a proven identity in the concerned field, is indeed an achievement in itself. To start up with, for developing this technical empire, we are highly thankful to our Project Guide Dr. D.S.Chaudhari, who gave us his resourceful guidance to work for the said target and achieving it. His enormous experience and impetus capabilities proved like helping hands. Our thunder of thanks goes to all Teaching and Supporting staff, for providing us facilities like laboratories and other supporting things. Writing for the bottom, we are thankful to all of our friends and those whoever provided their direct or indirect support in getting this project successful.
Sachin D. Bhingare Prasad P. Bagaregari Bhushan S. Devare Rakesh H. Bhatt
