BUILDING AND DEVELOPMENT LAWS
PD 1096 THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE January 1, 1979
GENERAL PROVISIONS “ The provisions of this Code shall apply to the design, location, siting, construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of, and addition to public and private buildings and structures, except traditional dwellings as defined herein.”
GENERAL PROVISIONS Enforced by SECRETARY of Public Works BUILDING OFFICIAL enforce NBC in their jurisdiction duties of issuing building permits Qualifications: a. A Filipino citizen and Good Moral Character b. Duly registered Architect or Civil Engineer c. Member of Accredited organization of not less than 2 years d. At least 5 years diversified experience in building design and construction
GENERAL PROVISIONS CONSTRUCTION all on-site work done from site preparation, excavation, foundation, assembly of all the components and installation of utilities and equipment of buildings/structure
GENERAL PROVISIONS ERECTION installation in place of components of a building/ structure
PD 1096 THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
GENERAL PROVISIONS ADDITION any new construction which increases the height or area of an existing building/structure
GENERAL PROVISIONS ALTERATION construction in a building/ structure involving changes in the materials used, partitioning, location/ size of openings, structural parts, existing utilities and equipment but does not increase the overall area thereof.
GENERAL PROVISIONS RENOVATION any physical change made on a building/ structure to increase its value, utility and/ or to improve its aesthetic quality
GENERAL PROVISIONS CONVERSION a change in the use or occupancy of a building/ structure or any portion/s thereof which has different requirements
GENERAL PROVISIONS REPAIR remedial work done on any damaged or deteriorated portion/s of a building/structure to restore its original condition MOVING the transfer of any building/structure or portion/s thereof from its original location or position to another, either within the same lot or to a different one DEMOLITION the systematic dismantling or destruction of a building/ structure, in whole or in part
GENERAL PROVISIONS ANCILLARY BUILDING STRUCTURE a secondary building/ structure located within the same premises, the use of which is incidental to that of the main building/structure
ADMINISTRATION & ENFORCEMENT
“He (the building official) is charged with the duties of issuing building permits. In the performance of his duties, a Building Official may enter any building or its premises at all reasonable times to inspect and determine compliance with the requirements of this Code…” The Building Official may order the work stopped or order discontinuance of occupancy or use
ADMINISTRATION & ENFORCEMENT Enforced by SECRETARY of Public Works BUILDING OFFICIAL enforce NBC in their jurisdiction duties of issuing building permits Qualifications: a. A Filipino citizen and Good Moral Character b. Duly registered Architect or Civil Engineer c. Member of Accredited organization of not less than 2 years d. At least 5 years diversified experience in building design and construction
PERMITS & INSPECTION
ISSUANCE
PW CASHIER
LINE & GRADE ARCHITECTURAL
APPLICATION
RECEIVING & RECORDING
LAND USE & ZONING
STRUCTURAL
EVALUATION/ SANITARY/ PLUMBING ELECTRICAL MECHANICAL
APPROVAL
GENERAL PROVISIONS BUILDING PERMIT
a written authorization granted by the Building Official to an applicant allowing him to proceed with the construction of a specific project after plans, specifications and other pertinent documents have been found to be in conformity with the National Building Code and its Implementing Rules and Regulations.
GENERAL PROVISIONS BUILDING PERMIT EXEMPTIONS
1. Minor Construction sheds, outhouses, greenhouses, children’s playhouses, aviaries, poultry houses and the like not exceeding 6sq.m.; detached from any other building and for owner’s private use addition of open terraces or patios resting directly on the ground, not exceeding 20sq.m. and for owner’s private use installation of window grilles garden pools for cultivation of water plants and/or aquarium fish not exceeding 500mm depth erection of garden walls other than party walls not exceeding 1.80m in height, cementing of footpaths, garden walks and/or driveways
GENERAL PROVISIONS BUILDING PERMIT EXEMPTIONS
2. Repairs not affecting or involving any structural member, such as replacement of deteriorated roofing sheets or tiles, gutters, downspouts, fascias, ceilings and/or sidings non load-bearing partition walls any interior portion of a house not involving addition or alteration or replacement of windows, flooring, perimeter fence, walls or replacement of sanitary or plumbing fixtures or replacement of faulty or deteriorated wiring devices, fixtures and safety devices provided no alteration shall be made on the service entrance and main switch or breaker and no circuits will be added
GENERAL PROVISIONS BUILDING PERMIT REQUIREMENTS Application form Five (5) sets of plans and specifications prepared, signed and sealed by duly licensed architect and engineers For lot owners, certified true copies of: TCT tax declaration current real property tax receipt For non-lot owners, duly notarized copies of: contract of lease deed of absolute sale contract of sale
GENERAL PROVISIONS BUILDING PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS NOT REQUIRED FOR: traditional indigenous family dwellings intended for use and occupancy of owner’s family; of native materials, cost not exceeding P15,000 single-detached dwelling up to 20 sq.m.
simple sketch with dimensions, site location and vicinity map will suffice
GENERAL PROVISIONS BUILDING PERMIT
NON-ISSUANCE, SUSPENSION AND REVOCATION errors in plans and specifications incorrect or inaccurate data supplied non-compliance with NBC and IRRs VALIDITY one year from date of issue suspension/ abandonment of construction for 120 days
GENERAL PROVISIONS BUILDING PERMIT FEES
BASES FOR COMPUTING type of occupancy or use of building cost of construction (per sqm. based on classification) area height TYPES OF OCCUPANCY Category I - residential Category II - commercial and industrial Category III - social, educational, institutional Category IV - agricultural Category V - ancillary
BULKHEAD OR PENTHOUSE (FULL) MECHANICAL SPACE (FULL) OPEN TERRACE (1/2)
PARAPET (0)
OPEN ROOF (0) SUNSHADES (0) BALCONIES (1/2) TYPICAL FLOOR (FULL) INTERSTITIAL SPACE (0)
FLOOR (FULL) MECHANICAL SPACE (FULL) BALCONY (FULL)
UPPER SPACE (0) AUDITORIUM (FULL) CANOPY AREA (1/2)
ENCLOSED ENTRANCE (FULL) BASEMENT (FULL) SUB-BASEMENT (FULL)
PIPE CHASE 7’ CLEAR OR HIGHER (FULL)
BULKHEAD OR PENTHOUSE (FULL)
FOUNDATIONS (0)
GENERAL PROVISIONS BUILDING PERMIT FEES
EXEMPTIONS traditional indigenous family dwellings public buildings ( owned, occupied, operated by offices performing purely government functions ) government-owned housing units constructed by NHA while title is in government’s name construction by civic organizations, charitable institutions to be donated to government for public use buildings/structures owned by electric cooperatives
GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY
REQUIRED PRIOR TO use of building/ structure change in use of occupancy classification APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS certificate of completion logbook and Building Inspection Sheet signed as-built plans and specifications
GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY
NON-ISSUANCE OR REVOCATION unauthorized change, modification or alteration in plans and/or type of construction failure to engage services of licensed architect or civil engineer to do full-time supervision failure of full-time supervisor to submit logbook, Certificate of Completion, as-built plans, specifications, Building Inspection Sheet, fire safety Inspection Certificate
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION TYPE I Wood construction TYPE II Wood with one-hour fire-resistive materials TYPE III Masonry and wood; incombustible construction for exterior walls TYPE IV Steel, iron, concrete, masonry; incombustible construction for walls, ceilings and permanent partitions TYPE V Structural elements of steel, iron, concrete or masonry; building shall be fire-resistive
REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE ZONES “Fire zones are areas within which only certain types of buildings are permitted to be constructed based on their use or occupancy, type of construction, and resistance to fire.”
NON-FIRE RESTRICTIVE FIRE-RESTRICTIVE HIGHLY FIRERESTRICTIVE
REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE ZONES NON-FIRE RESTRICTIVE ZONES
bldgs./structures are permitted w/o fire resistivity measures often in country sides or rural areas commercial & industrial structures sparsely constructed clustered in small groups
REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE ZONES FIRE RESTRICTIVE ZONES bldgs./structures are permitted w/ fire resistivity measures walls of at least two-hour fire resistivity one-hour fire resistivity throughout for suburban areas
REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE ZONES HIGHLY FIRE RESTRICTIVE ZONES highly fire-resistive or non-combustible structures or construction assemblies three to four-hour fire resistivity throughout
FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS FIRE-RESISTIVE RATING: the degree to which a material can withstand fire TIME PERIOD RATING: length of time (in hours) a material can withstand being burned FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS: Classification of construction according to their fire-retardant or flame spread ratings
FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS ATTIC ACCESS: 0.60m diameter with .80 clear headroom above ENCLOSED ATTIC SPACES: divided into 250sq.m. spaces by fire-resistive walls and self-closing doors DRAFT STOPS: must be provided for trussed roofs every 200sq.m. attic area
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS BUILDING/STRUCTURE
A 3-dimensional physical development erected within a lot or property
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS BUILDING/STRUCTURE
A 3-dimensional physical development erected within a lot or property
DEVELOPMENT LEVELS
Above grade At grade Below grade
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS LOT The physical setting for any building whereby the level or intensity of development covering such property is regulated by development controls. OCT Original Certificate of Title TCT Transfer Certificate of Title
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF LOT Maximum extent of physical development that may be introduced into the lot CARRYING CAPACITY OF LOT Optimized extent of physical development w/o causing undue damage, effects or hardship; Can be supported by utility, transport and service systems
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS NEW DEVELOPMENT New physical development within a lot that is open for development, vacant, unutilized, development-committed or other lots that are similarly situated REDEVELOPMENT Physical development consisting mainly of renovation, rehabilitation, retrofit, upgrading, expansion within a lot or property that is under-utilized or unfit for habitation
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT Generally measured from established grade line to the topmost portion of the structure. GRADE Lowest point of elevation of finished ground surface between exterior wall and a point 1.5m from said wall
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FLOOR-TO-FLOOR HEIGHT Perpendicular distance or vertical measurement between the uppermost surfaces (finish level) of two successive floors. STOREY Portion of structure between the uppermost surface (finish level) of any floor and the uppermost surface (finish level) of the next floor above or below it.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING HEIGHT LOW RISE
1-5 storeys
3-15 meters
MID RISE
6-15 storeys
18-45 meters
HIGH RISE
16+ storeys
48+ meters
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS BUILDING FOOTPRINT Measured horizontally from the property line to the outermost faces of the exterior walls of the building/structure
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS Any structurally attached portion of a building that is outside its outermost walls FLOOR PLATE Gross expanse of a wall measured from the outermost edges of floor slabs; may or may not be representative of the typical floor
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS A set of inter-acting regulations concerning the physical utilization of a lot; Governs planning and design of spaces and the use or occupancy of a building a. ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM BUILDING FOOTPRINT (AMBF) b. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONSTRUCTION AREA (MACA) c. ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM VOLUME OF BUILDING (AMVB) d. FLOOR TO LOT AREA OR FLOOR AREA RATIO (FLAR/ FAR) e. PERCENTAGE OF SITE OCCUPANCY (PSO)
f. IMPERVIOUS SURFACE AREA (ISA) g. UNPAVED SURFACE AREA (USA) h. TOTAL OPEN SPACE WITHIN LOT (TOSL)
ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM BUILDING FOOTPRINT (AMBF) PERCENTAGE OF SITE OCCUPANCY (PSO) =
Building footprint; excludes basement footprint
IMPERVIOUS SURFACE AREA (ISA) UNPAVED SURFACE AREA (USA) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONSTRUCTION AREA (MACA)
=
PSO + ISA ; excludes USA
FLOOR TO LOT AREA OR FLOOR AREA RATIO (FLAR/ FAR)
=
total floor area / total lot area
TOTAL OPEN SPACE WITHIN LOT (TOSL)
= ( ISA + USA ) / TLA
TLA = PROPERTY LINE PSO
ISA
USA
BASEMENT FOOTPRINT
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FIREWALL Reinforced masonry or RC separator w/ appropriate fireresistive rating and positioned between dwellings/ buildings/structures; No openings; Cannot be shared
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ABUTMENT Semi-permanent or permanent structure along a property line usually of masonry or reinforced
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SETBACK The horizontal distance measured 90 degrees from the outermost face of a building/structure to a property line. INCREMENTAL SETBACK The horizontal distance between the outermost building/structure line of a lower floor and that of a higher floor.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SETBACK The horizontal distance measured 90 degrees from the outermost face of a building/structure to a property line. INCREMENTAL SETBACK The horizontal distance between the outermost building/structure line of a lower floor and that of a higher floor.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS YARD Vacant space left between the outermost face of the building and the property lines FRONT OF LOT Side of a lot on which the main pedestrian and vehicular access into the property shall be situated.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS COURT Unoccupied space between the faces of the building lines and a yard or another court free, open and unobstructed from the ground upward.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS PODIUM Fully enclosed component of the building situated between the established grade and the first of a typical floor of the building’s tower component Not more than 12 storeys or 36meters TOWER Fully enclosed component of the building situated between the podium and roof Not higher than 5x podium height
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ROAD RIGHT-OF-WAY (RROW) OR STREET Public space for continuous flow of pedestrian and vehicular traffic that must be free from prohibited physical obstructions. Area lying between two or more properties and its width measured from opposite property lines
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AIR RIGHTS Right to physically develop and subsequently benefit or profit from the use of air space above the RROW.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS EASEMENT Public open space that must be absolute free from all forms of physical obstructions that can negatively affect natural light and ventilation or that can impede access or the full recreational use of such space by the general public. e.g. Waterways, Public utilities, Railroad tracks
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SIGHTLINES Line of view from any fixed or moving station point within a building/structure or from any other open space to a built or natural structure, formation or vista.
VIEW CORRIDOR Visually unobstructed width, depth and height of all available sightlines running through and along RROWs, easements and open spaces.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A B C D E F G H I J
-
Residential dwellings Residential, Hotels, Apartments Education and Recreation Institutional Business and Mercantile Industrial Storage and Hazardous Assembly Buildings for less than 1000 occupants Assembly Buildings for 1000 or more occupants Accessory
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A B C D
-
Residential dwellings Residential, Hotels, Apartments (Multiple Dwellings) Education and Recreation (School or day-care) Institutional Div. 1 – Personal liberties are restrained. Ex. Mental Hospitals, jails, etc. Div. 2 – Nursing Homes for non-ambulatory patients Div. 3 – Nursing homes for ambulatory patients
E F G H I J
-
Business and Mercantile Industrial Storage and Hazardous Assembly Buildings for less than 1000 occupants Assembly Buildings for 1000 or more occupants Accessory
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A B C D E
-
Residential dwellings Residential, Hotels, Apartments Education and Recreation Institutional Business and Mercantile Div. 1 – Gasoline Filling Station Div. 2 – Wholesale & Retail Stores Div. 3 – Aircraft Hangars
F G H I J
- Industrial (ice plants, power plants, etc) - Storage and Hazardous (storage, hazardous & highly flammable materials) - Assembly Buildings for less than 1000 occupants - Assembly Buildings for 1000 or more occupants - Accessory
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A B C D E F G H
-
Residential dwellings Residential, Hotels, Apartments Education and Recreation Institutional Business and Mercantile Industrial Storage and Hazardous Assembly Buildings for less than 1000 occupants Div. 1 – Assembly w/ stage and occupant load < 1000 Div. 2 – Assembly w/o stage and occupant load 300 or more Div. 3 – Assembly Bldg. w/o stage and occupant of < 300 Div. 4 – Stadia, reviewing Stands Amusement Parks (not 1,2,3)
I J
- Assembly Buildings for 1000 or more occupants - Accessory
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A B C D E F G H I J
-
Residential dwellings Residential, Hotels, Apartments Education and Recreation Institutional Business and Mercantile Industrial Storage and Hazardous Assembly Buildings for less than 1000 occupants Assembly Buildings for 1000 or more occupants Accessory Div. 1 – Private garages, carports, sheds Div. 2 – Fences over 1.80m high, tanks, towers
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS LOCATION ON PROPERTY Direct access to public or open space Projections beyond exterior walls Buildings on same property; or with courts sum of areas of openings must not exceed 50 % of sum of areas of walls Eaves at least 750mm from side and rear property lines
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MAXIMUM HEIGHTS Measured from highest adjoining ground surface; height measured from lowest surface shall not exceed maximum by 3.00 meters
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP A DWELLINGS Occupancy
Sanitation Foundation Floor
Roof
Stairs
Entrance & Exit
Corner – 90% Inside – 80% *at least 2m from property line At least one (1) sanitary toilet & adequate washing & drainage Footings – 250mm thick & 600mm below ground Live Load 1st Floor – 200 kilograms per sq.m 2nd Floor – 150 kilograms per sq.m *minimum Wind Load – 120 min. kilograms per sq.m for vertical projections Clear width – 750mm Rise – 200mm Run – 200mm At least 1 entrance & 1 exit
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP A DWELLINGS Location & Lot Occupancy Light & Ventilation Sanitation Foundation Post Floor Roof Stairs Entrance & Exit Electrical Reqts. Mech’l Reqts.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP A DWELLINGS Location & Lot Occupancy Light & Ventilation Sanitation Foundation Post Floor Roof Stairs Entrance & Exit Electrical Reqts. Mech’l Reqts.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP A DWELLINGS Location & Lot Occupancy Light & Ventilation Sanitation Foundation Post Floor Roof Stairs Entrance & Exit Electrical Reqts. Mech’l Reqts.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER GROUP OCCUPANCIES Location & Lot Occupancy Light & Ventilation Sanitation Foundation Post Floor Roof Stairs Entrance & Exit Electrical Reqts. Mech’l Reqts.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER GROUP OCCUPANCIES Location & Lot Occupancy Light & Ventilation Sanitation Foundation Post Floor Roof Stairs Entrance & Exit Electrical Reqts. Mech’l Reqts.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER GROUP OCCUPANCIES Location & Lot Occupancy Light & Ventilation Sanitation Foundation Post Floor Roof Stairs Entrance & Exit Electrical Reqts. Mech’l Reqts.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER GROUP OCCUPANCIES Location & Lot Occupancy Light & Ventilation Sanitation Foundation Post Floor Roof Stairs Entrance & Exit Electrical Reqts. Mech’l Reqts.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BY USE & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER GROUP OCCUPANCIES Location & Lot Occupancy Light & Ventilation Sanitation Foundation Post Floor Roof Stairs Entrance & Exit Electrical Reqts. Mech’l Reqts.
LIGHT & VENTILATION Size and Dimension of Rooms
LIGHT & VENTILATION Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms
LIGHT & VENTILATION
Window Openings – at least 10% of floor area (not provided w/ artificial ventilation system)
LIGHT & VENTILATION
LIGHT & VENTILATION
LIGHT & VENTILATION
LIGHT & VENTILATION
LIGHT & VENTILATION
LIGHT & VENTILATION
LIGHT & VENTILATION
LIGHT & VENTILATION
SANITATION WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Whenever possible, source from municipal or city waterworks system If from meteoric, surface or underground sources, must conform to National Standard for Drinking Water Piping in accordance with National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
SANITATION WASTEWATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM & STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM shall discharge to municipal or city sewer system in accordance with Code on Sanitation and the National Pollution Control Commission; or shall discharge to “Imhoff” or septic tank rainwater shall not discharge to the sanitary sewer system
SANITATION PEST & VERMIN CONTROL Rat proofing means for cleaning garbage bins and receptacles screening of public dining rooms
PROJECTION OVER STREETS
Width of Streets
Balconies
Total Projections
With balconies
.60m
6m to < 10m
“
.90m
10m to < 11m
“
1m
11m to < 12m
“
1.10m
12m to < 13m
“
1.30m
13m to < 14m
“
1.40m
14m or over
“
1.50m
Over 3m but < 6m
PROJECTION OVER STREETS CANOPY/ MARQUEE a permanent roofed structure above a door attached to and supported by the building and projecting over a wall or sidewalk Projection & Clearance – outermost edge of the marquee and the curb line shall be not < 300mm, vertical clearance bet pavement or GL & undersurface of marquee shall not < 3.00m Construction – incombustible materials not < 2 hrs fire-resistive MOVABLE AWNINGS OR HOODS a movable shelter supported from an exterior wall of a bldg. which can be retracted, folded, collapsed against the face of a supporting building. Clearance Awning to curb line – not < 300mm Vertical Clearance (undermost surface of the awning or GL) – not < 2.40m
PROJECTION OVER STREETS
PROJECTION OVER STREETS
PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS during construction or demolition
Mixing of concrete on public streets not allowed Materials or equipment must not obstruct pedestrian travel, utilities, fire hydrants Must provide 1.2 m. wide temporary walkway Walkways must have railings of at least 1 meter height and fence and canopy of at least 2.4 meters height
PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS during construction or demolition
PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS during construction or demolition
PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS during construction or demolition
PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS during construction or demolition
PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS during construction or demolition
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS PROPERTY LINE
PROPERTY LINE
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS ESCALATOR draft curtain: at least 200mm on all sides
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS provided around perimeter of the opening w/in 600mm of draft curtain. Distance bet sprinklers: max of 1.80 center to center ATTICS Access: not < 600mm sq. or in diameter, min clear headroom of 800mm Area Separation: enclosed attic space of combustible construction shall be divided into horizontal area max of 250 sq.m. area, 750 sq.m. in area for attic with Fire-extinguishing system
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS EXITS Number of Exits 1. Above 1st storey: 10 occupants – 2 exits 2. Mezzanine: 185 sq.m area or more than 18m in dimension – 2 exits 3. 500-999 occupants: 3 exits Exits – if only 2 exits required, shall be placed distance apart not < 1/5 of the perimeter area. Distance of Exits w/o sprinkler : 45m from exterior exit door w/ sprinkler: 60m
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS DOORS Swing: exit door shall swing to exit travel in hazardous areas w/ 50 or more occupant load Double acting doors: view panel of not < 1,300 sq. cm. Width and Height: 1. not < 900mm in width 2. not < 2.00m in height 3. opening – 90 degrees 4. exit way clear width not < 700mm Door Leaf Width : max of 1.20
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS STAIRWAYS Width 1. serving an occupant load of more than 50: minimum 1.10m 2. occupant load of 50 or less: minimum 900mm 3. private stairways serving an occupant load of < 10: 0.75m Rise: max 200mm, Run: minimum 250mm Winding Stairways – narrower side of the thread 150mm – 300mm Circular Stairways – used as exit w/ min width of run not < 250mm Landings (straight run): maximum of 1.20m vertical Distance bet landings – max of 3.60m vertical distance Handrails: not < 800mm nor more than 900mm. Headroom clearance: 2.00m
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
SEATS Seat Spacing (spacing of rows of seats from back to back): minimum 840mm (standard seating) Clear width of rows (continental seating) as follows: 1. Rows of 18 seats: 450 mm 2. Rows of 35 seats or less: 500mm 3. Rows of 45 seats or less: 520mm 4. Rows of 46 seats or more: 550mm Width: min 450mm, max of 480mm
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
REVIEWING STANDS, GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS Row Spacing: minimum 600 mm w/o backrest in open air stand: minimum 750mm Seats w/ backrest: minimum 850mm Chair seating: minimum 300mm Rise between Rows: max 400mm
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS Every storey, basement or cellar: 1. w/ 200sq.m or more w/c is used for habitation, etc. 2. w/c has an occupant load of more than 20 Dressing, rehearsal rms., workshops or factories w/ occupant load of more than 10 and assembly halls w/ occupant load of more than 500, if the next doors of rooms are more than 30.00m from safe dispersal area. Photographic x-ray, nitrocellulose films and inflammable articles
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS DRY STANDPIPES (for bldgs. w/ 4 or more storeys) Construction and Test: shall be wrought iron of GS w/ fittings, connections to withstand 20 kg per sq.cm of water pressure Size: 900 liters water per minute Number Required: every 4 or more storeys where any floor above 3rd floor is 950m or less, equipped w/ 1 dry standpipe. Siamese Connections: 1. 2 way: 100mm dry standpipe 2. 3 way: 125mm 3. 4 way: 150mm Siamese inlet (located on street front): Not < 300mm or more than 1.20m above grade Outlets: standpipe 63mm outlet not more than 1.20m above each floor level, with 2 way standpipes 63mm outlet above the roof (all with gate valves)
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
WET STANDPIPES Size: Interior wet standpipes deliver 190 liters/water per minute under 2.0 kg per sq.cm water pressure Outlets: 38mm valve each storey located not less than 300mm nor more than 1.20m above the floor. Water Supply street main: not < 100mm in diameter
ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL REGULATIONS “All electrical systems, equipment and installation shall conform to the provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code as adopted by the Board of Electrical Engineering pursuant to RA 184 as amended by RA 7920 otherwise known as the New Electrical Engineering Law”
ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL REGULATIONS LOCATION OF POLES AND CLEARANCES OF POWER LINES ALONG PUBLIC ROADS. Primary Lines: min vertical clearance of 10m from the crown of road pavement, 7.5m from the top of the shoulder/sidewalk Secondary Lines: min vertical clearance of 7.5m from the crown of road pavement CLEARANCE OF SUPPORTING STRUCTURES SUCH AS POLES, TOWERS AND OTHERS Fire Hydrants: not < 5m Curbs: not < 150mm from curb away from the roadway
ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL REGULATIONS CLEARANCE OF SERVICE DROPS Clearances Over Roof – Conductors have clearance not< 2.5m from highest point of roofs Exemptions: Voltage between conductors doesn’t exceed 300 volts and has roof slope not < 100mm in 300mm slope. Service drop conductors of 300 volts or less w/ a max of 1.2m overhang portion of roof for the purpose of a service raceway may be maintained at min of 500mm. From Ground: conductors shall not < 3m from any platform or projection. From Building Openings: conductors shall have clearance of < 1m from windows, doors, etc and shall be run at least 500mm above the top level of a window or opening. Service Drop of Communications lines, when crossing a street, have a clearance not < 5.50m from the crown of street/sidewalk. Also have a min clearance of 3.00m above the ground.
ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL REGULATIONS “ All mechanical systems, equipment and installations shall conform to the provisions of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code as adopted by the Board of Mechanical Engineering pursuant to Commonwealth Act No. 294 as amended, otherwise known as the Mechanical Engineering Law”
ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL REGULATIONS ELEVATORS Hoistway pits clearance of not < 600mm remains between the underside of car & bottom of pit. Minimum number of hoisting ropes: 3 for traction elevators 2 for drumtype elevators. Min diameter of hoisting & counterweight ropes: 30mm In high rise apartments or residential condominiums of more than 5 stories, at least 1 passenger elevator shall be kept on 24 hour constant service.
ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL REGULATIONS ESCALATORS Angle of inclination: maximum 35 degrees from the horizontal Width between balustrades shall not be < 558 mm nor more than 1.20m. The width shall not exceed the width of the steps by more than 330mm. Rated speed: maximum 38rpm.
PHOTOGRAPHIC & X-RAY FILMS
storage rooms of unexposed films shall be provided for specified cases packaging of 12 films to an envelope Proper venting and insulation incandescent electrical light; no smoking first aid provisions films for amateurs, safety and dental films exempted
PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION
PREFABRICATED ASSEMBLY a structural unit, the integral parts of which, have been built up or assembled prior to incorporation in the building
PLASTICS
“ Approved plastic materials shall be those which have flame-spread rating of 225 or less and a smoke density not greater than that obtained from the burning of untreated wood under similar conditions when tested in accordance with generally accepted engineering practice.”
SHEET METAL PAINT SPRAY BOOTHS
constructed of steel not less than no.18 US gauge in thickness not more than 150 sq.m. Floor of incombustible material free passage of exhaust air provisions for fire protection mechanical ventilation and exhaust ducts
GLASS & GLAZING
“ This Chapter shall apply to exterior glass & glazing in all occupancies except groups A, B and J occupancies not over 3 stories in height and to interior and exterior glass and glazing in all occupancies subject to human impact …”
USE OF COMPUTER
“ The use of computers for all or any part of the design of the building is permitted provided that all programs to be used are documented. Documenting a program consists of filing with the Building Official a reference to a publication or publications accessible to him where the detailed description of the program or a brief statement of the theoretical background of the program inc. algorithms used are found.”
SIGNS ADVERTISING SIGN - an off-premise sign
BILLBOARD - a panel for posting bills or posters DISPLAY SIGN - an on-premise sign GROUND SIGN - resting on the ground
SIGNS PROJECTING SIGN - fastened to, suspended from or supported on a building or structure the display surface of which is perpendicular or at an angle from wall surface ROOF SIGN - installed on roofs, decks or eaves WALL SIGN - parallel to wall surface TEMPORARY SIGN - on light and combustible material
SIGNS
SIGNS
SIGNS
SIGNS
DANGEROUS BUILDINGS “Pursuant to Section 215 of the NBC, when a building is found or declared by the Building Official to be a nuisance, is dangerous or ruinous, the Building Official shall order its repair, vacation or demolition depending on the degree of danger to life, health, safety and/or well-being of the general public and its occupants”
DANGEROUS BUILDINGS structural hazards fire hazards hazardous electrical wiring hazardous mechanical installation inadequate sanitation and health facilities improper occupancy and architectural eyesore improper location illegal construction
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS “no building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to a public space, yard or street on at least one of its sides. All buildings shall face a public street, alley or private road…”
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS
ACCESS STREETS, ROADS, ALLEYS
ARCADES AND SIDEWALKS
ARCADES AND SIDEWALKS
ARCADES AND SIDEWALKS
ARCADES AND SIDEWALKS
ARCADES AND SIDEWALKS
ARCADES AND SIDEWALKS
ARCADES AND SIDEWALKS
AIR SPACE CLEARANCE
Civic Aeronautics Administration (CAA) Bureau of Air Transportation (BAT)
LIGHT & VENTILATION
LIGHT & VENTILATION
PARKING & LOADING SPACE TYPE Perpendicular or Diagonal Parking (2.50 x 5m) Parallel Parking (2.15 x 6m) Truck or Bus Parking (3.60 x 12m) Container Van, Bulk Carrier, Prime Mover (3.60 x 18m) Jeepney, Shuttle (3.00 x 9m)
PARKING & LOADING SPACE PARKING REQUIREMENT COMPUTATION: Mixed occupancies, parking requirements shall be the sum of 100% dominant use & 50% of each of the non-dominant 20% of parking requirements may be provided w/in premises SPECIAL PROVISIONS 1 parking slot for the handicapped per 50 up to 150 parking slots & an additional slot for every 100 slots thereafter. Wheel chair transfer area – one between 2 spaces, directly connect to accessible walk of travel and bldg entrances. Maximum distance of accessible parking area from facility served. Parking areas for handicapped shall be w/in 60m of the facility being served
RATIONALE FOR LAWS Order Protection of the public interest Not everything can be left to market forces Equitable distribution of welfare and resources Competencies required Bureaucratic convenience
DEMERITS Vague definition of public interest Irrelevance to context Inflexibility Social Polarization Confiscatory High cost of enforcement