Pengertian Causative Verbs Pengertian Causative Verbs
Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan jika subjek tidak bertanggung jawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi, melainkan seseorang atau sesuatu yang lain yang melakukan aksi tersebut. Contohnya adalah : “I had my hair cut”. Subjek I pada kalimat tersebut tidak memotong rambutnya sendiri tapi justru membuat orang lain yang melakukannya. Umumnya ada empat kata kerja causative verb yang sering digunakan, yakni have, get, let, dan make. 1.Have Have merupakan kata kerja causative yang umum. Kata kerja ini berfungsi untuk menginginkan seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu untuk subjek. Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut : Kalimat aktif : S + (have/ had + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + object. Kalimat pasif : S+(have-had)+object+action verb(V-3). Contoh : •I had my brother take that glass (aktif) •Mr. Setia had Lillie check the paper (aktif) •I had my jacket cleaned yesterday (pasif) •I had my computer fixed (pasif) (pasif) 2.Get Penggunaan kata kerja Get mirip dengan have namun dengan struktur kalimat yang berbeda. Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut : Aktif : S + (get/ got) + agent + action verb (to infinitive) Pasif : S + (got) + object + action verb (V-3) Contoh : •He got his father to buy bu y a ball (aktif) •I got my jacket cleaned (pasif) 3. Let Kata kerja ini berfungsi untuk membiarkan seseorang melakuk an sesuatu. Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut :
Aktif : S + let + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) Contoh : •Wil you let me go now? •She lets me drive her car •My father lets me choose the gift 3. Make Kata kerja ini berfungsi untuk memaksa atau sangat meyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu. Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut : Aktif : S + (make/ made) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) Contoh : •The manager makes her staff work hard •My teacher made me apologize for what I had said •Did she makes you wear that ugly hat?
The English verbs let, make, have, get, and help are called causative verbs because they cause something else to happen. Here are some specific examples of how causative verbs work in English sentences. How to use causative verbs in English LET = permit something to happen
Grammatical structure:
LET + PERSON/THING + VERB (base form)
Examples:
I don’t let my kids watch violent movies. Mary’s father won’t let her adopt a puppy because he’s allergic to dogs. Our boss doesn’t let us eat lunch at our desks; we have to eat in the cafeteria.
Oops! I wasn’t paying attention while cooking, and I let the food burn. Don’t let the advertising expenses surpass $1000.
Remember: The past tense of let is also let; there is no change! Note: The verbs allow and permit are more formal ways to say “let.” However, with allow and permit, we use to + verb:
I don’t allow my kids to watch violent movies. Our boss doesn’t permit us to eat lunch at our desks.
MAKE = force or require someone to take an action
Grammatical structure:
MAKE + PERSON + VERB (base form)
Examples:
After Billy broke the neighbor’s window, his parents made him pay for it. My ex-boyfriend loved sci-fi and made me watch every episode of his favorite show. The teacher made all the students rewrite their papers, because the first drafts were not acceptable.
Note: When using the verbs force and require, we must use to + verb.
The school requires the students to wear uniforms.
“Require” often implies that there is a rule. The hijacker forced the pilots to take the plane in a different direction. “Force” often implies violence, threats, or extremely strong pressure
HAVE = give someone else the responsibility to do something
Grammatical structure:
HAVE + PERSON + VERB (base form) HAVE + THING + PAST PARTICIPLE OF VERB
Examples of grammatical structure #1:
I’ll have my assistant call you to reschedule the appointment. The businessman had his secretary make copies of the report.
Examples of grammatical structure #2:
I’m going to have my hair cut tomorrow.
We’re having our house painted this weekend. Bob had his teeth whitened; his smile looks great! My washing machine is broken; I need to have it repaired.
Note: In informal speech, we often use get in these cases:
I’m going to get my hair cut tomorrow. We’re getting our house painted this weekend. Bob got his teeth whitened; his smile looks great! My washing machine is broken; I need to get it repaired.
GET = convince/encourage someone to do something
Grammatical structure:
GET + PERSON + TO + VERB
Examples:
How can we get all the employees to arrive on time? My husband hates housework; I can never get him to wash the dishes! I was nervous about eating sushi, but my brother got me to try it at a Japanese restaurant. The non-profit got a professional photographer to take photos at the event for free.
HELP = assist someone in doing something
Grammatical structure:
HELP + PERSON + VERB (base form) HELP + PERSON + TO + VERB
After “help,” you can use “to” or not – both ways are correct. In general, the form without “to” is more common:
He helped me carry the boxes. He helped me to carry the boxes. Reading before bed helps me relax. Reading before bed helps me to relax.
We use causative verbs to show that someone or something caused something to happen.
Causative verbs are: get, have, make, let and help. Here is what you need to know about the causative in English. Try a quick quiz to practice the causative!
Causative # 1 – HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE This means that someone does something for you because you pay or ask them to do it , but
you don’t say who this person is.
Examples:
HAVE / GET
SOMETHING
DONE
He had / got
his hair
cut.
She didn’t have / get
her teeth
checked.
I had / got
the leak in the roof
fixed.
Did you have / get
the TV
repaired?
Causative # 2 – HAVE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING This means that someone does something for you because you pay or ask them to do it, but you also say who this person is.
Examples:
HAVE
SOMEONE
DO SOMETHING
The teacher had
the students
write a test.
I’ll have
my assistant
call you with the details.
I had
the handyman
fix the leak.
Did you have
the electrician
repair the TV
Causative # 3 – GET SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING This means someone does something for you because you persuade (= encourage, tell them
that you’d like them to do something) them to do it. So this construction feels less neutral than the previous ones.
Examples:
GET
SOMEONE
TO DO SOMETHING
I (finally) got
my kids
to go to bed.
I can never get
my wife
to cook dinner.
Can you ever get
your sisters
to stop fighting?
Kevin got
his brothers
to
take
him
on
an
adventure.
Causative # 4 – MAKE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING This means that you force someone/something to do something for you.
Examples:
MAKE
SOMEONE/SOMETHING
DO SOMETHING
You make
your hips
sway.
Don’t make
her (Sarah)
cry.
The teacher made
him (Peter)
work hard.
Why do you make
them (your parents)
worry so much about you?
Causative # 5 – LET SOMEONE/SOMETHING DO SOMETHING This means that you allow ( = let, give permission to do something) someone to do something or you allow something to happen.
Examples:
LET
SOMEONE/SOMETHING
DO SOMETHING
She let
the kids
stay up past midnight.
I let
the chicken
burn in the oven.
Why did he let
This
happen?
Let
Me
go!
Causative # 6 – HELP SOMEONE (to) DO SOMETHING
This means that you help ( = assist) someone (to) do something. This structure is most often
used without ‘to’.
Examples:
HELP
SOMEONE
(to) DO SOMETHING
Milk can help
you
fall asleep.
Could you help
me
carry my bags?
I don’t see how this helps them
understand the lesson.
Can computer games help kids
learn to read?
Causative verbs are used to indicate why or how something occurs. In this lesson, we will learn about the causative verbs: let, allow, permit, make, force, require, have, get, and help.
Definition of Causative Verbs Causative verbs are verbs that show the reason that something happened. They do not indicate something the subject did for themselves, but something the subject got someone or something else to do for them. The causative verbs are: let (allow, permit), make (force, require), have, get, and help. Let's take a closer look at the causative verbs.
Examples Since there are so few causative verbs, we are going to go ahead and take the time to look at examples of each and discuss the sentence structure for proper use. Let, Allow and Permit
Our first verb is let, which comes with its synonyms, allow and permit. Here are some sample sentences that each put this verb into action.
My mom allows me to borrow the car. I let my little sister watch TV in my room. My teacher permits students to stay late for tutoring.
For each of these sentences, the verb 'let' is followed by an object and then the base form of the verb that describes the action the object will perform. When using 'allow' and 'permit', the word 'to' will come before the verb that describes the action. Make, Force and Require
Let's move on to make, which comes with the synonyms, force and require. Here are some examples using the words make, force and require.
My doctor made me come back for a follow-up visit before giving me refills of my prescription. The school requires students to follow a strict dress code. My religious beliefs force me to attend services twice a week.
The sentence structure when using these words is similar to the structure for let, allow, and permit. The causative verb 'make' precedes the object that is performing the action, followed by the base form of the verb that describes the object's actions. When using 'force' and 'require', the word 'to' is added before the verb describing the action. Get
The following examples show the proper use of the causative verb 'get.'
I got the waitress to bring us some menus. I am getting my sister to send me a picture of her new house. Zachary got his house cleaned before the party.
In English grammar , a causative verb is a verb used to indicate that some person or thing makes — or helps to make — something happen. Examples of causative verbs include make, cause, allow, help, have, enable, keep, hold, let, force, and require, which can also be referred to as causal verbs or simply causatives. A causative verb, which can be in any tense, is generally followed by an object and another verb form — often an infinitive or a participle — and are used to describe something that happens because of a person, place, or thing whose actions b ring about change in another entity. Interestingly enough, the word "cause" isn't the prototypical causative ve rb in English because "cause" has a much more specific and less frequently used definition than "make," which is used most frequently to indicate someone making something happen. Allows Versus Lets
English grammar is full of small rules that help speakers understand the vast subtleties of correct usage and style. Such is the case with the rules pertaining to the causative verbs allows and lets, wherein both convey the same meaning — a person permits another to do something — but require different noun-verb form pairings to follow the m. The word allows is almost always followed by an object, which in turn is followed by the infiintive form of the verb allows is modifying. Such is the ca se in the sentence "Corey allows his friends to chat with him," wherein allows is the causative ve rb, "his friends" the object of the phrase, and "to chat" the infinitive form of what Corey is allowing his friends to do. On the other hand, the causative verbs "lets" is almost always followed by an o bject then the base form of the verb that's being modified. Such is the case in the sentence "Corey lets his friends chat with him," wherein lets is the causative verb, "his friends" the object of the phrase, and "chat" the base form of the verb Corey lets his friends do. The Most Popular Causative Verb
One would think that "cause" would be the most frequently used and typical example of causative verbs, but that's simply not the case. Francis Katamba explains in
"Morphology" that the word "cause" is a "causative verb but it has a more specialized meaning (implying direct causation) than 'make' and it is much less common." Instead, "make" is the most common causative verb, which also differs from other causative verbs in that it omits the word "to" from complementary verb clauses that follow while in the active form (make), but do require the word "to" while in the passive form of "made." For example, "Jill makes me run daily" and "I was made to run daily by Jill." In both senses, the causative verb "make" still implies that someone causes the subject to run, but English grammar dictates that the accompan ying verb phrase for "make" differs for that of "made." Rules like these abound in usage and style, and it's important for English as an Alternative Language (EAL) students to commit these types of guidelines to memory — as they don't often appear in other forms.
Causative Verbs What is a causative verb? A causative verb, as the name implies, indicates that a person, place, or thing is causing an action or event to happen. Generally, a causative verb is followed by its direct object (a noun or pronoun) and a non-causative verb, which describes the resulting action the subject has caused.
Most often, the non-causative verb will be in its base (uninflected) form or, more commonly, its infinitive form (the base form plus the particle to); however, there are some other constructions that can be used in certain circumstances. It’s also worth pointing out that, even though they can only be
followed by certain conjugations of verbs, causative verbs themselves can be conjugated into all of their normal tenses.
Causative Verbs Followed by Base-Form Verbs The most common causative verbs are make, let , and have, each of which is almost always followed by a non-causative verb in its base form. These are the only causative verbs that are followed by base-form verbs. (Because of this, some sources list them as being the only “true” causative verbs, with other verbs
merely functioning like causative verbs. However, this distinction is not very meaningful or helpful in itself, because the function of the other causative verbs is pretty much the same.) Let’s go over some examples of these three verbs being used in sentences when followed by base-form
non-causative verbs. We’ll also look at instances in which make and have can be followed by other
conjugations. (In all of the examples in this section, causative verbs will be in bold, while non-causative verbs will be in italics.) make
In contrast to its primary definition of “to create or bring into existence,” we use make as a causative verb to indicate that someone or something has forced or compelled an action or event to occur. For example:
“My mom is making me go to piano lessons this summer.” “Don’t make me turn this car around!” “She made her girlfriend buy her a different ring.”
Make can also be followed by an infinitive non-causative verb, but only if it is used in the passive voice,
which is when the subject is the recipient of the verb’s action. For example:
“I’m sorry that you were made to believe such a nasty story, but it simply isn’t true.” “Employees are often made to feel responsible for a company’s misfortunes.”
let
The primary use and definition of let is as a causative verb, meaning “to allow, permit, or give opportunity to.” For e xample:
“I can’t believe your dad let you come to the party!” “My bosses are letting me work from home for half of the week.” “I hope the teacher lets us sit together on the bus.”
have Rather than meaning “to possess,” have as a causative verb means “to compel, persuade, instruct, or otherwise cause someone to do something,” as in:
“I’ll just have my assistant get us some coffee.” “He’s having the kids clean the dishes tonight.” “Mary had her mother make her wedding dress.”
In addition to base-form verbs, have can also be followed by past and present participles. When used with a present participle (the “-ing” form of the verb), the overall meaning remains the same, but it
refers to a continuous action occurring over a period of time (which can either be vague or specific). Uniquely, have is almost always in the simple past tense in this construction. For example:
“The boss had us working late again this week.” “The instructor had the class dancing for over an hour!”
Have can also be followed by a past participle, but its meaning changes very slightly. Instead of
indicating that someone is compelled or instructed to do something, have + past participle is used to indicate when you have something done to someone or something. For example:
“We’re having the house painted this week.” “My mother had the car cleaned after our soccer practice.” “My boss had me transferred to a different department.”
Causative Verbs Followed by Infinitives While the three verbs that are followed by base-form verbs are exceptionally common in everyday speech and writing, the majority of causative verbs are followed by infinitives in causative structures. Some of the most common of these are allow, permit, enable, cause, lead, force, require, motivate, convince,, and get . (Note that this is not an exhaustive list.)
You’ll probably notice that some of these are synonyms of make, let, and have, but many others have unique meanings unto themselves. There are too many to give individual explanations, so instead let’s
look at how each would work in an example sentence:
“Please allow me to explain my statement.” “We were permitted to bring guests to the premiere.” “The inheritance enabled me to travel across Europe for the summer.” “The shaking caused me to spill my drink.” “Her reaction forced us to rethink our policy.” “All of this i s leading me to believe that our theory is incorrect.” “The government is requiring all citizens to carry identification at all times.” “Their intense rivalry motivated her to train even harder.” “We’re trying to convince them to invest in the company.” “They finally got him to admit that he was wrong.”*
* get vs. have Get and have are almost completely synonymous in causative constructions, but there is a subtle
difference in their meaning. While both mean “to instruct or compel,” get often implies convincing or
persuading the person, especially in the face of uncertainty. Consider the following sets of examples:
“My mother had me sing in front of the guests.” (My mother instructed me to sing, possibly without a choice on my part.) “My mother got me to sing in front of the guests.” (My mother convinced me to sing, possibly without me initially wanting to.) “John had us walk the whole way.” (John instructed or forced us to walk.) “John got us to walk the whole way.” (John convinced or persuaded us to walk.)
This implication might not be very noticeable, but the subtlety can add more precision to your writing. Using participles after get Get is unique among the causative verbs followed by infinitives because, just like have, it can also be
followed by past and present participles in certain situations. As before, the use of a present participle doesn’t change the meaning of get , but rather indicates an action performed continuously over a period
of time. For instance:
“The presentation got me thinking about my own life choices.” “If a video game can get people exercising, then it’s a good thing in my book!”
Also like have, the meaning of get changes slightly when followed by a past participle, indicating action done to someone or something, rather than compelling that person to perform an action. For example:
“I need to get the car washed before the wedding.” “You’ll get us both fired if you don’t stop screwing around!”
The “semi -causative” verb
help
Help is also something of an outlier here because it isn’t really indicating causation as we’ve described it
so far; instead, it indicates when someone is aided in completing a task, so it might be more accurate to call it “complementary,” rather than causative. Nevertheless, it is often included in lists of causative verbs, so it’s worth examining.
What also sets help apart as a causative verb is that it can be followed by either an infinitive or a verb in its base form. While the infinitive construction is sometimes considered more formally correct, the baseverb construction is much more common in everyday speech and writing. For example:
“I would like to help you win this election.” (most common) “I would like to help you to win this election.” (acceptable, but much less common) “My brother has been helping me write my college applications.” (most common) “My brother has been helping me to write my college applications.” (acceptable, but less common)
K eep and the Present Participle There is only one causative verb that must be used with a present participle: keep. Instead of its usual meaning (“to retain possession of”), keep as a causative verb means “to maintain or prolong,” as in:
“I can’t believe you kept me waiting for over an hour!” “I’ll only be a minute, so keep the engine running.”
Kita menggunakan causative ketika kita tidak melakukan aksi tersebut, melainkan orang lain, tapi kita yang bertanggung jawab atas aksi tersebut. Secara sederhana, ini adalah struktur ketika kita menyuruh orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu yang kita minta. Berikut adalah causative verbs : 1. Let
Mengizinkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu Rumus : S + let +agent + base form (verb 1) Contoh :
I let Jim to hold my hand. My mom lets me do the laundry.
2. Make
Memaksa atau membuat orang melakukan apa yang kita kehendaki Rumus : S + make + agent + base form (verb 1) Contoh :
I made him give up his lunch. Because we didn’t attend the class more than three times last semester, Mrs. Cohen made us retake the class this semester.
3. Have
Menyuruh atau memberikan tanggung jawab kepada orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu. Causative verb ini memiliki bentuk aktif dan pasif. Causative aktif adalah ketika ketika agent nya diketahui dan disebutkan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa agent adalah bagian penting dari kalimat tersebut. Sementara itu, causative pasif adalah ketika agent tidak disebutkan, karena kalimat berfokus kepada aksi yang dilakukan tak peduli siapapun agent yang melakukannya. Rumus causative aktif dan pasif sedikit berbeda. Rumus : Aktif : S + have + agent + base form (verb 1) Pasif : S + have + object + past participle (verb 3) Contoh :
I have my brother bring me a glass of milk. (A) Darren had me read a book story her. (A) My family had our house renovated. (P) Because I am going to swim tomorrow, I have my broken goggles fixed today. (P)
4. Get
Menyuruh atau meyakinkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu yang kita kehendaki. Sama dengan “have”, “get” juga memiliki bentuk causative pasif dan aktif seperti yang dijelaskan di atas. Rumus : Aktif : S + get + agent + to infinitive verb Pasif : S + get + object + past participle (verb 3) Contoh :
I get him to pick up some burgers. (A) My sister got her boyfriend to come at 6AM in Sunday morning. (A) Hillary just got her books returned. (P) I have got my boxes taken out of the house. (P)
Penjelasan Lengkap Causative Verbs
Causative Verbs adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa seseorang melakukan sesuatu untuk kita atau untuk orang lain.
Beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam memahami causative verbs:
Subject tidak melakukan suatu aksi Orang lain yang melakukan aksi Subject menyuruh, membayar, atau membujuk orang lain melakukan aksi Causative verb HAVE
Kita lihat contoh berikut:
Contoh causative verb
Makna
Keterangan
We have the car washed every Seseorang mencuci mobil Subject week.
kita.
I had my house painted.
Seseorang
(We)
membayar
mengecat Subject (I) menyuruh orang lain mengecat
rumahku.
rumah.
1. Pola kalimat pasif Causative verb ‘HAVE’: (have something done) Subject + Have/had + Object + Past Participle (V3)
Contoh kalimat:
I have my motorcycle washed every day. (seseorang mencuci motor saya) We had the computer fixed. (seseorang memperbaiki komputer kita) He will have the house painted. (seseorang mengecat rumah dia)
2. Pola kalimat aktif Causative verb ‘HAVE’: (have someone do something)
Subject + Have/had + Person + Infinitive (V1) + Object
Contoh Kalimat:
untuk
mencuci mobil.
Causative Verb HAVE
orang
I have my assistant wash my motorcycle. (Saya menyuruh asisten mencuci motor) We had an engineer fix the computer. (Kami membayar seorang teknisi untuk memperbaiki
komputer) He will have painter paint the house. (Dia membayar tukang cat untuk mengecat rumahnya)
Baca juga: Negative Contraction dalam Bahasa Inggris Okay, class. Bagaimana materinya? Nah, itu semua materi mengenai penjelasan lengkap Causative Verbs meliputi pengertian, penggunaan dan contoh kalimatnya.
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Causative-Verbs.htm https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-causative-verb-1689833 http://www.yourdictionary.com/causative https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/causative-verbs-have-let-make Chris McCarthy https://www.espressoenglish.net/causative-verbs-in-english-let-make-have-get-help/ https://blog.bahaso.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-causative-verbs A. Pringganti kelasbahasainggris.com/penjelasan-lengkap-causative-verbs-3/ efin.marifatika