Penggabungan 2 siklus pada PLTGU

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Be}es Cfbegeni

\fdcenigk} Bkx}skg ]fneie Iex Ve| !\B]IV+ emebea |fdcenigk} xkgbvx ienme !hodcknfm h{hbf+ {eni |fsebe}en v}eden{e }fsmksk mesk }vsckn mfnien ifnfse}osn{e" ASXI !Afe} Sfhozfs{ X}fed Ifnfse}os+" CJ\ !cokbfs jffm |vd|+ }vsckn ve| mfnien ifnfse}osn{e men ebe} |fnmvgvni beknn{e. \fdcenigk} Bkx}skg  ]fneie Iex Ve| dfsv|egen iecvnien iecvnien en}ese ]vsckn Iex !\B]I+ men ]vsckn Ve| !\B]V+ {eni mkxfcv} Xkgbvx Ienme !Hodcknfm H{hbf+. ]v`ven v}ede mesk |fdcenigk} godcknexk }fsxfcv} {ek}v vn}vg dfnknige}gen fjkxkfnxk }fsdeb {eni hvgv| }kniik dfnhe|ek 6< &. Aeb knk mkgesfnegen |fs}vdcvaen egen fnfsik bkx}skg  {eni dfnknige} |fxe}. Xfmenigen |fniivneen }vsckn iex xfceiek |fdcenigk} fnfsik bkx}skg !\B]I+ dfd|vn{ek fjkxkfnxk }fsdeb sfnmea {ek}v 8< & men |fdcenigk} }fneie ve| !\B]V+ dfdkbkgk fjkxkfnxk }fsdeb 86 &. Xfakniie mkcv}vagen xve}v |fdcenigk} bkx}skg mfnien xkgbvx godcknexk {eni dfniaexkbgen fnfsik bfcka cfxes. Mebed senige |fdcenigk}en bkx}skg \B]IV" xebea xe}v ceiken {eni cfs|fsen |fn}kni |fn}kni emebea cokbfs jffm |vd|. |vd|. Cokbfs jffm jffm |vd| knk emebea emebea xf`fnkx |od|e {eni {eni cfs|fsen cfs|fsen vn}vg dfdod|e jbvkme mesk mfefse}os dfnv`v fhonodkxfs. Xebea xe}v ceiken {eni xfskni xfskni dfniebedk dfniebedk gfsvxegen |eme |eme cokbfs jffm |vd|knk |vd|knk emebea |osox. Gfsvxegen }fsxfcv} cfsv|e cfsv|e sf}eg" {eni {eni }fsvx dfn`ebes xfakniie xfakniie dfniegkce}gen |osox dfn`emk |e}ea. \soxfx |fnio|fsexken men geseg}fskx}kg  de}fskeb dfn`emk xebea xe}v jeg}os |fnfn}v }fsaeme| cfn}vg gfsvxegen {eni }fs`emk. \eme xee} |fnio|fsexkenn{e" cokbfs jff} |vd| dfdod|e jbvkme mfnien ge|exk}ex 53;"8 d8/`ed. Jbvkme {eni mk |od|egen emebea eks. Aeb knk mkbegvgen vn}vg dfn{v|bek eks {eni egen mk vcea dfn`emk ve| |eme xebea xe}v ceiken cokbfs. \v}esen kd|fbbfs. {eni mkivnegen emebea 3;9< s|d" mkdene cfse} kd|fbfs |od|e xfnmksk emebea ; gi. Gfsvxegen |eme |od|e xfsknigebk cfsbenixvni xfhese }kce$}kce men mk bves |sfmkgxk {eni }fbea mksfnhenegen. Emen{e gfsvxegen |eme mvnke |fdcenigk}en bkx}skg" gavxvxn{e |eme cokbfs jffm |vd| knk dfniegkce}gen med|eg nfie}kj {eni cfxes |eme cfsceiek ex|fg.

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

5

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Iedces Xkgbvx godcknexk

\fniiecvnien xkgbvx }vsckn iex mfnien xkgbvx }vsckn ve| mkbegvgen dfbebvk  |fsebe}en |fdknmea |enex cfsv|e cokbfs e}ev vdvd mkxfcv} ‒ Afe} Sfhozfs{ Sfhozfs{ X}fed Ifnfse}os — !ASXI+.

Iedces Hodcknfm H{hbf \oyfs \ben} !\B]IV+ <;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

3

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

\enmenien Vdvd Xkgbvx Iecvnien

\fdcenigk} me{e xkgbvx iecvnien |eme mexesn{e }fsmksk mesk mve xkgbvx v}ede" {egnk xkgbvx Cse{}on !xkgbvx iex+ men xkgbvx Sengknf !xkgbvx ve|+ mfnien }vsckn iex men }vsckn ve| {eni dfn{fmkegen me{e gf `esknien. Mebed |fnio|fsexken }vsckn iex" iex cveni xkxe |fdcegesen {eni gfbves dfd|vn{ek xvav {eni {eni sfbe}kj }kniik }kniik {ek}v 55<< $ 5:6
Iedces 5. \fdcenigk} Me{e Xkgbvx Iecvnien

\fdcenigk} me{e xf|fs}k iedces mke}ex" mkxed|kni dfniaexkbgen fjkxkfnxk {eni }kniik men gfbvesen me{e {eni bfcka cfxes" xkgbvx iecvni cfxkje} bvyfx" dvmea mkn{ebegen mfnien cfcen }eg |fnva" hohog vn}vg o|fsexk cfcen mexes men }vsckn cfsxkgbvx men dfd|vn{ek fjkxkfnxk {eni }kniik mebed mefsea cfcen {eni bvex. Gfbfdeaenn{e cfsgek}en mfnien gfsvyf}enn{e" gesfne |eme mexesn{e knx}ebexk knk dfniiecvnigen mve }fgnoboik mk mebed xe}v god|bfgx |fdcenigk} me{e. Mebed }viex |fsenhenien knk" mk|kbka xkgbvx iecvnien mfnien sfifnfsexk

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

8

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

gesfne xkgbvx knk bfcka fjkxkfn mkivnegen mkcenmknigen mfnien xkgbvx iecvnien beknn{e mebed dfniaexkbgen me{e bkx}skg mfnien dfd|fsivnegen dexkni$dexkni xe}v }vsckn iex men }vsckn ve|. Mkxed|kni k}v `vie" emen{e |fdenexen eks vd|en e}ev sfifnfsexk egen bfcka dfnifjfg}kjgen gfs`e ASXI.

]kn`even ]fsdomknedkge Xkgbvx Iecvnien vn}vg \B]IV

Mesk }vsckn ve| `vie me|e} mk`fbexgen |soxfx {eni }fs`emk |eme gfmve xkgbvx" {ek}v {ek}v {eni |fs}ede |fs}ede vn}vg xkgbvx iex e}ev xkgbvx Cse{}on 0 |fs}ede$}ede |fs}ede$}ede vmese e}doxjfs mkgod|sfxkgen obfa god|sfxos xfakniie }fs`emk |fsvceaen }fgenen mesk \35 gf \33 men gfdvmken dfniebksgenn{e gf mebed sveni ceges mkdene gf mebedn{e mkkn`fgxkgen ceaen ceges xfakniie mfnien emen{e xvav men }fgenen sveni ceges {eni }fbea dfnhe|ek }k}kg n{ebe ceaen ceges dege }fs`emkbea |fdcegesen. \fdcegesen }fs`emk |eme }fgenen gonx}en \ 33 mesk }fd|fse}vs ]33 akniie ]38. Iex aexkb |fdcegesen {eni dfnhe|ek }fd|fse}vs ] 38 cfsfgx|enxk |eme xvmv$xvmv }vsckn iex xfakniie dfniaexkbgen gfs`e" mkdene xfceiken gfs`e }fsxfcv} mk|fsivnegen vn}vg dfniifseggen god|sfxos men xkxen{e dfsv|egen gfs`e cfsivne vn}vg dfdv}es cfcen mebed aeb knk ifnfse}os bkx}skg. bkx}sk g. Gfdvmken vn}vg xkgbvx ve| e}ev xkgbvx Sengknf }fs`emk |soxfx 0 iex cvenien mesk xkgbvx iex dexvg gf ASXI vn}vg dfnivcea eks vd|en dfn`emk ve| gfskni {eni egen mkivnegen vn}vg dfdv}es xvmv$xvmv }vsckn ve| akniie me|e} dfdv}es cfcen mebed aeb knk ifnfse}os bkx}skg. Xf}fbea dfbebvk cfcfse|e }knige}en xvmv }vsckn xfceiken ve| mkfgx}segxkgen gf mve |fdenex eyeb }fgenen }kniik men |fdenex }fgenen sfnmea" xfmenigen xkxen{e dexvg gf gonmfnxos men mkgonmfnxexkgen mk gonmfnxos" xfben`v}n{e eks mesk gonmfnxos mk|od|egen gf mfefse}os xf}fbea dfbebvk mve |fdenex eks }fgenen sfnmea" gfdvmken mesk mfefse}os eks mk|od|egen gfdcebk gf ASXI dfbebvk mve |fdenex eks }fgenen }kniik" mesk ASXI knk eks vd|en {eni xvmea dfn`emk ve| gfskni mkebksgen gfdcebk }vsckn. Mfefse}os cfs}v`ven vn}vg dfdcveni iex$iex {eni }kmeg }fsgonmfnxexk xfakniie |fdenexen |eme ASXI me|e} cfsbenixvni fjfg}kj. Vn}vg bfcka `fbexn{e |soxfx }fsxfcv} me|e} mkbkae} mkeised ]$x xf|fs}k iedces cfskgv} knk 0

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

=

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Iedces 3. Mkeised ]$Xkgbvx ]$Xk gbvx Iecvnien mfnien Sfifnfsexk vn}vg \B]IV

Vn}vg xkgbvx ve| mk|egek fd|e} cvea fgx}segxk men xkx}fd |fdenex eks vd|en  `fnkx }fs}v}v| mfnien gvsexen cfs`fn`eni dvnmvs mkdene fd|e} cvea fg}segxk knk cfs}v`ven vn}vg bfcka dfnifjfg}kjgen gfs`e ASXI xfmenigen xkx}fd |fdenexen eks vd|en `fnkx }fs}v}v| mfnien gvsexen cfs`fn`eni dvnmvs mk|enmeni dfsv|egen `fnkx {eni |ebkni xfmfsaene men |ebkni cen{eg mk|egek mebed knx}ebexk me{e mkcenmknigen mfnien `fnkx |fdenex eks vd|en beknn{e. @fnkx |fdenex eks vd|en {eni mk|egek mebed knx}ebexk \B]IV knk dfsv|egen |fnvges gebos `fnkx xafbb enm }vcf !xfbonixoni men }ecvni+" mkdene eks vd|en mkbfye}gen dfbebvk }ecvni men ve| cohosen cfseme |eme xkxk xfbonixoni {eni egen dfdcfskgen.fnfsikn{e |eme eks vd|en }fsxfcv} bebv }fsgonmfnxexk. Ve| {eni }fsgonmfnxexk knk }fn}v }kmeg ckxe mkckesgen dfnivd|vb mebed dexkni$dexkni |fdenex eks vd|en men aesvx mkgfbvesgen men mkvd|engen gfdcebk gf mebed xkx}fd mfnien hese dfnivd|engenn{e gf }fgenen {eni bfcka sfnmea dfbebvk |soxfx |fnhfgkgen !}aso}}bkni+. @emk me|e} mkbkae} xve}v `fn`enien mesk |fdenex }fgenen }kniik akniie gonmfnxos" gesfne k}vbea |fdenex knk mkxfcv} |fdenex eks vd|en `fnkx }fs}v}v| mfnien gvsexen cfs`fn`eni dvnmvs.

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

6

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Jboyhaes} men Iedces Ebvs \B]IV

\fdcenigk} fnfsik bkx}skg |eme xfcvea |fdcenigk} xkgbvx ienme" mebed aeb knk \B]IV dfdkbkgk ebvs gfs`e xf|fs}k xf|fs}k iedces mkeised mk ceyea ceyea knk.

Vmese cfcex

Iex Cveni!6<
Hod|sfxxos

ASXI Sveni Ceges !CC'Vmese+

M

Y ef

e} se

fs }o

Iex \enex Cfs}fgenen

s

Noppbf

B\ CJ\

A\ CJ\

Xvmv

]vsckn

]vsckn

B\

A\

Fhonodkpfs

Fhonodkpfs

Cfs|v}es

E

M B\ Msvd

C

B\ CH\

H

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

:

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Ifnfse}os

ASXI B\

A\ Msvd

B\

A\ CH\

B\

A\ Fze|ose}os Honmfnxos

Ve|

Ve|

B\ Msvd

A\ Msvd

Xv|fs Afe}fs

Ve| Gfskni B\ X}fed A\ X}fed Ifnfse}os Ve| Bkx}skg 

Bkx}skg 

Iedces 8. Jboyhaes} \soxfx \somvgxk \somvgxk Bkx}skg |eme \B]IV

\soxfx |somvgxkn{e me|e} mk`fbexgen xfceiek cfskgv} 0 5. God|sfxos dfniakxe| vmese cfcex {eni dexvg dfbebvk jkb}fs" gfdvmken dfnfgenn{e gf mebed sveni ceges. 3. Vmese cfs}fgenen mebed iex ebed mkceges mkmebed sveni ceges men dfniaexkbgen iex |enex cfs}fgenen }kniik {eni mkeseagen gf xvmv$xvmv }vsckn obfa noxfb. 8. ]vsckn cfs|v}es egkce} |enhesen iex |enex }fsesea |eme xvmv$xvmvn{e" men me{e |v}esen }vsckn dfniifseggen ifnfse}os. =. Ifnfse}os {eni mkifseggen obfa }vsckn iex dfniaexkbgen fnfsik bkx}skg.

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

9

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

6. Iex |enex {eni gfbves mesk }vsckn iex ! Fqaevx} Iex+ dexvg gf ASXI ivne dfdenexgen eks. :. B\ CJ\ ! Boy \sfxxvsf Cokbfs Jffm \vd|+ dfdod|e eks mesk Mfefse}os gf B\ Fhonodkpfs men A\ CJ\ ! Akia \sfxxvsf Cokbfs Jffm \vd| + dfdod|e eks mesk Mfefse}os gf A\ Fhonodkpfs. 9. Eks mebed Fhonodkpfs mkebksgen gf B\ Msvd vn}vg gfdvmken mk|od|e obfa B\ CH\ ! Boy \sfxxvsf Cokbfs Hkshvbe}kni Hkshvbe}kni \vd| + gf B\ Fze|ose}os xfben`v}n{e ve| {eni mkaexkbgen B\ Fze|ose}os mkebksgen gfdcebk gf B\ Msvd. 1. Eks mebed A\ Fhonodkpfs mkebksgen gf A\  Msvd vn}vg gfdvmken Hkshvbe}kon \vd| + gf A\ mk|od|e obfa A\ CH\ ! Akia \sfxxvsf Cokbfs Hkshvbe}kon

Fze|ose}os xfben`v}n{e ve| {eni mkaexkbgen A\ Fze|ose}os mkebksgen gf A\ Msvd. ;. Ve| mesk B\ Msvd mkebksgen gf B\ X}fed ]vscknf ivne dfniifseggen xvmv$xvmv }vsckn B\. 5<. Ve| mesk A\  Msvd mkebksgen gf xv|fsafe}fs  vn}vg dfnme|e}gen ve| gfskni. Gfdvmken ve| }fsxfcv} mkebksgen gf A\ X}fed ]vscknf ivne dfniifseggen xvmv$xvmv }vsckn A\. Xfben`v}n{e ve| mesk }vsckn A\ mkebksgen gf }vsckn B\ ivne dfnifseggen dfnifseggen xvmv$xvmv }vsckn B\. 55. Ifnfse}os {eni mkifseggen obfa }vsckn ve| !A\ men B\+ dfniaexkbgen fnfsik bkx}skg. 53. Mebed gonmfnxos ve| mesk }vsckn dfniebedk |fnifdcvnen eks" aexkb mesk |fnifdcvnen mk|od|e obfa HF\ ! Honmfnxe}f Fq}seh}kon \vd| + gf |sfafe}fs. 58. Xf}fbea mk|enexgen gf mebed  |sfafe}fs " eks }fsxfcv} mkebksgen gf mfefse}os. 5=. \fniiecvnien

]vsckn

Iex

!\B]I+

men

]vsckn

Ve|

!\B]V+

dfdenjee}gen iex cveni xkxe |fdcegesen {eni dexka cfsxvav hvgv| <

<

}kniik !5<<< J e}ev 66< H+ {eni gfbves mesk fqaevx} }vsckn iex ivne dfdenexgen ASXI e}ev gf}fb ve|" egen me|e} mkhe|ek fjkxkfnxk }fsdeb {eni gfxfbvsvaen sfbe}kj }kniik mesk xve}v knx}ebexk \oyfs \ben} .

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

1

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Cfskgv} emebea ceien |soxfx xfhese vdvd" mkdene }ke| cbog |eme vnk} knk dfdkbkgk 8 cvea iex ]vsckn" 8 cvea ASXI !cokbfs+ men 5 cvea X}fed ]vscknf .

Iedces =. Mkeised Ebks \B]IV

Xkgbvx \B]IV 

Xkgbvx ]vsckn Iex !Cse{}on H{hbf+ Xkgbvx cse{}on dfsv|egen xkgbvx {eni ckexe mk}fse|gen |eme dfxkn |fdcegesen. Ckexen{e cfsv|e xkgbvx }fscvge" vmese dexvg gf mebed god|sfxos" mk mebed god|sfxos" }fd|fse}vs men }fgenen dfnknige}. Vmese knk xfben`v}n{e dexvg gf mebed sveni |fdcegesen" mkdene ceaen ceges mkceges |eme }fgenen }f}e|. Vmese cfsxvav }kniik {eni gfbves mesk sveni |fdcegesen dexvg gf mebed }vsckn mkdene dfsfge }fsfgx|enxk dfn`emk }fgenen e}doxjks men dfniaexkbgen gfs`e" bebv xkxen{e mkcveni. Xkgbvx knk mkcve} }fs}v}v|" `kge |fdcegesen mk}vges mk}vges mfnien |fnedcea |enex" |enex" mfnien |fnifbves |enex |enex mfnien }fgenen gonx}en.

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

;

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Iedces 6. Knx}ebexk \eme ]vsckn Iex Xkgbvx ]fscvge men ]vsckn Iex Xkgbvx

Iedces :. Isejkg Xkgbvx Cse{}on \eme ]vsckn Iex

\soxfx 5 gf 3 !god|sfxk kxfn}so|kg+. Gfs`e {eni mkcv}vagen obfa god|sfxos0

Yh 4 de !a3 ‘  !a3  ‘ a5+. a5+. \soxfx 3 gf 8" |fdexvgen ceaen ceges |eme }fgenen gonx}en. @vdbea gebos {eni mkaexkbgen0 Ue 4 !de ' dj+ !a8  ‘ a3+.  ‘  a3+. \soxfx 8 gf =" fgx|enxk kxfn}so|kg mkmebed }vsckn. Me{e {eni mkcv}vagen }vsckn0 Y] 4 !de ' dj+ !a8  ‘  a=+. \soxfx = gf 5" |fdcvenien |enex |eme }fgenen gonx}en gf vmese. @vdbea gebos {eni mkbf|ex0 US 4 !de ' dj+ !a= ‘  !a=  ‘ a5+ a5+

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

5<

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Xkgbvx Cse{}on Kmfeb

Avcvnien en}ese |fscenmknien }fgenen men |fscenmknien }fd|fse}vs mebed god|sfxk e}ev fgx|enxk kxfn}so|kg mkcfskgen obfa |fsxedeen 0

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

55

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Xkgbvx ]vsckn Ve| !Sengknf H{hbf+

\eme knx}ebexk me{e {eni dfdenjee}gen ve| cfs}fgenen }kniik vn}vg  dfniifseggen }vsckn ve| mkivnegen xve}v ehven xkgbvx gfs`e {eni dfn`emk mexes mesk |fnio|fsexken knx}ebexk }fsxfcv}. Xkgbvx gfs`e {eni mkivnegen |eme }vsckn ve| emebea xkgbvx sengknf" hksk v}ede xve}v xkgbvx sengknf emebea jbvkme gfs`e {eni mkivnegen emebea eks. \eme iedces 6 me|e} mkbkae} knx}ebexk xkgbvx sengknf sengknf xfmfsaene xfmfsaene mkdene eks xfceiek jbvkme gfs`e mebed xkgbvx sengknf egen mkivnegen xfceiek dfmke}os |fdcenigk}en }fneie mfnien dfdenjee}gen |fsvceaen jexe en}ese heks men ve| dfbebvk xve}v |soxfx |fs|knmeaen |enex.

Iedces 9. Knx}ebexk Xkgbvx Sengknf Xfmfsaene Gf}fsenien |soxfx xkgbvx sengknf0 5$=

0 |soxfx fgx|enxk kxfn}so|kg |eme }vsckn

=$6

0 |soxfx |fbf|exen gebos kxoceskg |eme gonmfnxos

6$:

0 |soxfx god|sfxk kxfn}so|okg |eme |od|e

:$5

0 |soxfx |fn{fse|en |fn{fse|en gebos kxoceskg |eme ASXI

Jbvkme gfs`e {eni cfsv|e eks mk|enexgen dfbebvk |soxfx :$5 {eni cfsbenixvni mebed ASXI |eme }fgenen gonx}en !kxoceskg+" |soxfx knk cesegaks xed|ek }k}kg 5 {ek}v }k}kg eks xvmea xf|fnvan{e cfsvcea jexe dfn`emk xv|fsafe}fm  ze|ovs . Gfdvmken ve| mkfgx|enxkgen dfbebvk |soxfx 5$= {ek}v xe}vse}fm x}fed

cfs}fgenen dfnvdcvg xvmv$xvmv }vsckn xfakniie dfniifseggen |osox }vsckn

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

53

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

e}ev fnfsik jbvkme cfs}fgenen }fsxfcv} mkgonzfsxkgen dfn`emk fnfsik dfgenkg  cfsv|e |v}esen |eme |osox }vsckn. \soxfx fgx|enxk knk cfsegaks |eme }k}kg = mkdene xkje} jbvkme dfn`emk cfs}fd|fse}vs sfnmea men cfs}fgegenen sfnmea mfnien jexe xe}vse}fm bkuvkm$ze|os . Xf}fbea k}v mkben`v}gen |oxfx =$6 {ek}v jbvkme gfs`e dexvg 

gf gonmfnxos" |eme |soxfx knk ve| mkgonmfnxexk xfakniie ve| }fsxfcv} cfsvcea jexe dfn`emk xe}vse}fm bkuvkm . Ve| }fsxfcv} }fsgonmfnxexk xee} gon}eg benixvni mfnien |fsdvgeen mknmkni gonmfnxos {eni }fbea mkmknikngen. \soxfx gonmfnxexk |eme gonmfnxos cfsegaks |eme }k}kg 6 {ek}v jbvkme xvmea cfsxkje} xe}vse}fm bkuvkm  mfnien }fd|fse}vs sfnmea. Jbvkme {eni dfnkniiebgen gonmfnxos |eme }k}kg 6 }fsxfcv} gfdvmken mkebksgen dfnv`v ASXI mfnien cen}ven |od|e xfakniie mkme|e}gen }fgenen gfs`e jbvkme gfbves |od|e xede mfnien }fgenen jbvkme gfs`e cokbfs. \soxfx god|sfxk |eme |od|e knk cfsbenixvni |eme gonmkxk kxfn}so|kg  en}ese }k}kg 6$:. Men xkgbvx mkdvbek beik mesk eyeb.

Iecvnien Xkx}fd ]vsckn Iex men Ve|

Iedces 1. Iecvnien Xkx}fd ]vsckn Iex men Ve| |eme \ B]IV

Iex cveni {eni gfbves mesk }vsckn iex cfs}fd|fse}vs en}ese =<<$9<<¼H" obfa gesfne k}v dexka me|e} mkdenjee}gen xfceiek jbvkme |fdenex |eme gf}fb ve|.

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

58

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Mfnien xkx}fd iecvnien knk" mkaese|gen me|e} mk|fsobfa fjkxkfnxk }fsdeb {eni bfcka }kniik" {ek}v iecvnien en}ese xkx}fd }vsckn iex men xkx}fd }vsckn ve|.

\sknxk| gfs`e \B]I

\B]I

dfdfsbvgen

ebe}

|fdv}es

eyeb

!X}es}kni

Mfzkhf+

vn}vg 

dfn`ebengenn{e. X}es}kni Mfzkhf me|e} cfsv|e dfxkn mkfxfb" do}os bkx}skg" do}os$ ifnfse}os e}ev vmese. Jvnixk mesk X}es}kni Mfzkhf emebea vn}vg dfdv}es god|sfxos |eme xee} x}es} v| vn}vg dfniaexkbgen vmese cfs}fgenen xfcfbvd dexvg gf sveni |fdcegesen !hodcvx}kon haedcfs+ Mk mebed xkx}fd }vsckn iex iex |enex aexkb |fdcegesen ceaen ceges mkebksgen vn}vg dfdv}es }vsckn iex xfakniie dfniaexkbgen fnfsik dfgenkg {eni mkivnegen vn}vg dfdv}es ifnfse}os. Iex cveni mesk }vsckn iex {eni dexka dfnienmvni fnfsik |enex }kniik mkebksgen gf ASXI vn}vg dfdenexgen eks xfakniie mkaexkbgen ve|. Xf}fbea dfn{fseagen |enexn{e iex cveni mk cveni gf e}doxjks mfnien }fd|fse}vs {eni `eva bfcka sfnmea. Ve| mesk ASXI mfnien }fgenen men }fd|fse}vs }fs}fn}v mkeseagen vn}vg  dfdv}es }vsckn ve| {eni mkgo|fb mfnien ifnfse}os xfakniie mkaexkbgen fnfsik bkx}skg. Ve| cfgex gfbves }vsckn ve| mkmknikngen mkmebed gonmfnxos xfakniie dfn`emk eks gfdcebk. Eks gonmfnxe} knk mk|od|egen xfceiek eks |fnikxk ASXI vn}vg mk|enexgen beik eies cfsvcea dfn`emk ve| men mfdkgken xf}fsvxn{e.

\sknxk| gfs`e \B]IV

Mk mebed xkx}fd }vsckn iex iex |enex aexkb |fdcegesen ceaen ceges mkebksgen vn}vg dfdv}es }vsckn iex xfakniie dfniaexkbgen fnfsik dfgenkg {eni mkivnegen vn}vg dfdv}es ifnfse}os. Iex cveni mesk }vsckn iex {eni dexka dfnienmvni fnfsik |enex }kniik mkebksgen gf ASXI vn}vg dfdenexgen eks xfakniie mkaexkbgen ve|. Xf}fbea dfn{fseagen |enexn{e iex cveni mk cveni gf e}doxjks mfnien }fd|fse}vs {eni `eva bfcka sfnmea. Ve| mesk ASXI mfnien }fgenen men }fd|fse}vs }fs}fn}v mkeseagen vn}vg  dfdv}es }vsckn ve| {eni mkgo|fb mfnien ifnfse}os xfakniie mkaexkbgen fnfsik bkx}skg. Ve| cfgex gfbves }vsckn ve| mkmknikngen mkmebed gonmfnxos xfakniie

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

5=

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

dfn`emk eks gfdcebk. Eks gonmfnxe} knk mk|od|egen xfceiek eks |fnikxk ASXI vn}vg mk|enexgen beik eies cfsvcea dfn`emk ve| men mfdkgken xf}fsvxn{e

Gbexkjkgexk ]vsckn Ve|

]vsckn ve| me|e} mkgbexkjkgexkgen gf mebed ge}fiosk {eni cfscfme {eni }fsien}vni |eme `vdbea }knige} }fgenen" esea ebksen ve|" |soxfx |fnvsvnen gebos" gonmkxk$gonmkxk ve| |eme xkxk dexvg }vsckn men |fdegekenn{e mk ckmeni knmvx}sk" xfceiek cfskgv} 0 5. Dfnvsv} `vdbea }knige} }fgenen" }fsmksk mesk 0 

]vsckn xe}v }knige} mfnien xe}v e}ev bfcka }knige} gfhf|e}en" {ek}v }vsckn {eni ckexen{e cfsge|exk}ex gfhkb men }vsckn knk gfcen{egen mk|egek vn}vg  dfniifseggen dfniifseggen god|sfxos xfn}skjvieb.



]vsckn kd|vbx men sfegxk nfge}knige}" {ek}v }vsckn {eni mkcve} mebed  `enige ge|exk}ex ge|exk}ex {eni bvex dvbek mesk {eni gfhkb gfhkb xed|ek {eni cfxes.

3. Dfnvsv} esea ebksen ve|" }fsmksk mesk 0 

]vsckn egxkeb" {ek}v }vsckn {eni ve|n{e dfniebks mebed esea {eni xf`e`es }fsaeme| xvdcv }vsckn.



]vsckn semkeb" {ek}v }vsckn {eni ve|n{e dfniebks mebed esea {eni }fieg  bvsvx }fsaeme| xvdcv }vsckn.

8. Dfnvsv} |soxfx |fnvsvnen gebos" }fsmksk mesk 0 

]vsckn gonmfnxexk !honmfnxkni }vscknf+ mfnien sfifnfse}os" {ek}v }vsckn mkdene ve| |eme }fgenen {eni bfcka sfnmea mesk }fgenen e}doxjfs mkebksgen gf

gonmfnxos"

mkxed|kni

k}v

ve|

`vie

mkhfse}

mesk

}knige}$}knige}

dfnfniean{e vn}vg dfdenexgen eks |fnikxken gf}fb" mkdene `vdbea |fnhfse}en k}v ckexen{e mesk 3$8 akniie xfcen{eg 1$;. Gebos be}fn ve| cveni xfbede |soxfx gonmfnxexk xfdven{e akbeni |eme }vsckn knk. 

]vsckn gonmfnxexk mfnien xe}v e}ev mve |fnhfse}en mesk }knige} dfnfniean{e |eme }fgenen }fs}fn}v vn}vg gf|fsbven$gf|fsbven knmvx}sk men |fdenexen.



]vsckn }fgenen beyen !cehg |sfxxvsf }vscknf+" {ek}v }vsckn {eni ve| cveni mk|egek vn}vg gf|fsbven$gf|fsbven |fdenexen men vn}vg gf|fsbven$ gf|fsbven |soxfx mebed knmvx}sk.

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

56

]VIEX ]VSCKN



E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

]vsckn }vd|eni" {ek}v xve}v `fnkx }vsckn }fgenen beyen mfnien |fscfmeen ceaye ve| cveni mesk }vsckn `fnkx knk bfcka ben`v} dexka mk|egek vn}vg  }vsckn$}vsckn gonmfnxexk }fgenen dfnfniea men sfnmea. ]vsckn knk" xfhese vdvd cfso|fsexk |eme gonmkxk }fgenen men }fd|fse}vs ve| eyeb {eni }kniik"

men

mk|egek

gfcen{egen

vn}vg

dfdcfxesgen

ge|exk}ex

|fdcenigk}en |ecskg" mfnien degxvm vn}vg dfnme|e}gen fjkxkfnxk {eni bfcka cekg. 

]vsckn }fgenen beyen mfnien |fnhfse}en ve| mesk }knige}$}knige} dfnfniean{e |eme }fgenen }fs}fn}v" mkdene }vsckn `fnkx knk mkdegxvmgen vn}vg dfnxv|bek ve| gf|eme gonxvdfn |eme cfsceiek gonmkxk }fgenen men }fd|fse}vs.



]vsckn }fgenen sfnmea !}fgenen cveni+" {ek}v }vsckn {eni ve| cveni mesk dfxkn$dfxkn ve|" |ebv ve|" dfxkn }fgen" men bekn$bekn" mk|egek vn}vg  gf|fsbven |fdcenigk}en }fneie bkx}skg.



]vsckn }fgenen hed|vs mfnien mve e}ev }kie }knige}$}fgenen" mfnien xv|bek ve| cveni gf }knige}$}knige} dfnfniean{e.

Gfsviken Fnfsik |eme ]vsckn Ve|

Gfsviken fnfsik |eme }vsckn emebea |fs}edceaen fnfsik gebos {eni mkcv}vagen vn}vg dfbegvgen gfs`e dfgenkx |eme |seg}fg eg}veb mkcenmknigen mfnien nkbek }fosk}kx {eni |soxfx fgx|enxkn{e }fs`emk cfnes$cfnes xfxvek mfnien |soxfx emkece}kg. \eme xve}v }knige} }vsckn" `vdbea |fnvsvnen gebos {eni cfnes$ cfnes mkgonzfsxk dfn`emk gfs`e dfgenkx |eme |osox }vsckn emebea bfcka gfhkb mesk|eme nkbek$nkbek {eni mkak}vni vn}vg }knige} }vsckn {eni kmfeb. Xfdve gfsviken g fsviken {eni }kdcvb |eme }vsckn eg}veb me|e} mkceik dfn`emk mve gfbod|og v}ede" {ek}v 0 5. Gfsviken mebed" emebea gfsviken {eni cfsgek}en mfnien gonmkxk$gonmkxk ve| xfyeg}v ve| }fsxfcv} dfniebks dfbebvk }vsckn. Dkxebn{e 0 gfsviken |eme ge}v|$ge}v| |fnie}vs" gfsviken |eme noxfb !xvmv |fniesea+" gfsviken gfhf|e}en gfhf|e}en$gfbves" gfsviken egkce} ifxfgen hegsed {eni dfsv|egen }fd|e} |fdexenien xvmv$xvmv men gfsviken |fniemvgen" gfsviken egkce} sveni cfcex en}ese so}os men hegsed$hegsed xvmv |fniesea" gfsviken egkce} gfcexeaen ve|" men gfsviken |eme |fdk|een cveni.

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

5:

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

3. Gfsviken bves" emebea gfsviken {eni }kmeg dfd|fniesvak gonmkxk$gonmkxk ve|. Dkxebn{e 0 gfsviken dfgenkx men gfsviken egkce} gfcohosen ve| mesk |fse|e}$|fse|e} |fse|e}$|fse|e} ibenm beckskn.

Gfsviken |eme Ge}v| \fnie}vs

Ve| xfcfbvd dexvg gf }vsckn aesvxbea dfbebvk ge}v| |fnv}v| !x}o| zebzf+ men ge}v| |fnie}vs {eni dene knk dfsv|egen ceiken }fs|emv mesk }vsckn }fsxfcv}. Ebksen ve| dfbebvk ge}v| |fnv}v| men ge}v| |fnie}vs mkxfs}ek obfa gfsviken fnfsik egkce} |soxfx |fnhfgkgen. Gfsviken fnfsik egkce} |soxfx |fnhfgkgen mkn{e}egen

Mkdene 0 A

4 Cfxesn{e gfsviken fnfsik egkce} |soxfx |fnhfgkgen !ggeb/gi+.

Ao

4 \fnvsvnen gebos kxfn}so|kx mfnien dfniecekgen gfsviken !ggeb/gi+.

A)o

4 \fnvsvnen gebos kxfn}so|kx mfnien dfd|fsak}vnigen gfsviken gebos

egkce} |soxfx |fnhfgkgen !ggeb/gi+.

Cfxesn{e gfsviken }fgenen egkce} |soxfx |fnhfgkgen vn}vg ge}v| |fnie}vs }fscvge bfces me|e} mk}fn}vgen xfcfxes 6& mesk }fgenen ve| |enex ben`v}. Nedvn |eme |seg}fgn{e" }vsckn ve| xfgeseni knk }fbea dfdvnigkngen dfdvnigkngen vn}vg dfd|fsgfhkb d fd|fsgfhkb gfsviken }fgenen knk xed|ek xfsfnmea 8& men bfcka mk ceyean{e beik mfnien |fdegeken cfn}vg$ cfn}vg ge}v| |fnie}vs {eni cekg !x}sfedbknfm+ |eme }fd|e}$ }fd|e} {eni mkebksk obfa ve|. Vn}vg }v`ven |fsenhenien" gfsviken }fgenen emebea 0

Mkdene 0  Ν|z

4 Cfxesn{e gfsviken }fgenen !ces+.

\o

4 ]fgenen ve| |enex ben`v} xfcfbvd dfdexvgk }vsckn !ces+.

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

59

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Gfsviken |eme Noxfb

Gfsviken fnfsik |eme noxfb mkxfcecgen obfa emen{e ifxfgen ve| |eme mknmkni noxfb" }vscvbfnxk" men bekn$bekn. Gfsviken fnfsik |eme noxfb knk mkhegv| obfa gofjkxkfn gfhf|e}en noxfb !ϊ+ {eni xenie} }fsien}vni |eme }kniik noxfb. Gfsviken fnfsik gebos |eme noxfb mebed cfn}vg gebos emebea 0

Mkdene 0 an 4 Cfxes gfsviken |eme noxfb !ggeb/gi+ h5} 4 Gfhf|e}en ve| dexvg }fosk}kx mesk noxfb !d/x+ h5 4 4 Gfhf|e}en ve| dexvg dv}beg mesk noxfb !d/x+ ϖ⋆}h5

ϖ 4 Gofjkxkfn gfhf|e}en e}ev enige gvebk}ex noxfb.

\fsak}vnien Jsegxk Dexxe |eme ]ke| Fgx}segxk

Mesk }vsckn ve| !|eme bk}fse}vs+ }fbea mkgf}eavk" ceaye vn}vg xkgbvx iecvnien \B]IV knk mksenheni fd|e} cvea }knige}en fgx}segxk mesk }vsckn ve|" xfakniie jsegxk dexxe |eme }ke| fgx}segxk me|e} mk}fn}vgen. Cfskgv} knk dfsv|egen iedces xgfde fgx}segxk ve| vn}vg xkgbvx }fsxfcv} 0

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

51

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV

Iedces ;. Xgfde fgx}segxk ve| |eme xkgbvx iecvnien iecvnien \B]IV

Xfakniie mesk iedces mke}ex egen me|e} mk}fn}vgen jsegxk dexxe mesk fgx}segxk |fs}ede akniie fgx}segxk gffd|e} xfceiek cfskgv} 0



Jsegxk dexxe |eme fgx}segxk |fs}ede ! ε5+



Jsegxk dexxe |eme fgx}segxk gfmve !ε3+

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

5;

]VIEX ]VSCKN

E|bkgexk \fniiecvnien 3 Xkgbvx |eme \B]IV



Jsegxk dexxe |eme fgx}segxk gf}kie !ε8+



Jsegxk dexxe |eme fgx}segxk gffd|e} !ε=+

Mkdene 0 ι5"

ι3" ι8 men ι= emebea fjkxkfnxk |fdenex eks |fnikxken ASXI }fgenen

sfnmea men }fgenen }kniik {eni mkegkce}gen obfa gfakbenien gebos gf dfmkvd mk xfgk}esn{e.

<;5;5<5<5<;3 r CFXBKN XF\]KEN]E ]ESKIEN

3<