ELIXIR ALCOHOL solvent - 10 10-1 -12% 2% self self-p -prreser eservi ving ng - 5-40% (limit) - Some Some ref refer eren ence ces: s: les less s than than 60% 60% limit - Use as vehicle or for their therapeutic eect ELIXIR - ! clear" s#eetene$ h$roalc h$roalcohol oholic ic li&ui$ li&ui$ inten$e$ inten$e$ for oral use containing 'avouring 'avouring sustanc sustance e or active active me$icinal agent - heir primar solvents are alcohol an$ #ater - *lc *lcer erin in"" sor sorit itol ol an$ an$ sr srup up ar are a$$itional solvent an$+or s#eetening agents - Propylene Glycol o ,an e use$ as a susti sustitut tute e for glcer glcerin ine e an$ alcohol - Alcohol o .cellent solvent for $rugs $rugs ut it accent accentuat uate e the saline taste of romi$es an$ similar salts
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2 GROUPS OF ELIXIR 1. /lavore$ li.ir 2. e$icate$ li.ir METHODS OF PREPARATIO PREPARATIO 1. !gitation #ithout the ai$ of heat 2. !$mi.ture of 2 or more li&ui$s ISO-ALCOHOLIC ISO-ALCOHOLIC ELXIR - on-me$icate$ eli.ir - U!e" *eneral vehicle for various me$ me$icam icamen ents ts that hat re&u e&uires ires solven lventt of $i $iere erent alcoh lcoho ol strength
Lo# Alcohol$c
H$%h Alcohol$c
Un$ilute$ 4 volumes volumes 2 volumes 1 volume 1 volume 1 volume none
one 1 volume 1 volume 1 volume 1 volume 2 volumes volumes un$ilute$
S&$'()le (! *eh$cle +or prep(r('$ on o+ 'he 'he ,. Alcohol$c !'ren%'h 0-10% 10-20% 20-0% 0-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-30% 30 or more
1" ISO ALCOHOLIC ORAL SOLUTIO USP / PROCEDURE i. i. 15 m of ig igh !lco !lcoho holi lic c li.ir 15 m of o# !lcoholic li.ir Lo# Alcohol$c" 1. ,omp ,ompo oun$ ran range ge Spirit irit 7 !lcohol 2. *lcerin" agitate . !$$ 10m $istille$ $istille$ #ater8 #ater8 i.8 Stir until solution is complete 0. Stan$ for 24 hours #ith intermittent agitation . 9issolve sucrose in solution . /ilter ilter until until clear clear8 !$$ sucient sucient amount of #ater to ma;e 15 m H$%h Alcohol$c" 1. 9issolve saccharin in compoun$ orange spirit 2. !$$ glcerine" agitate . !$$ 10m alcohol8 Stir8 0. /ilter ilter until until clear" clear" a$$ sucient sucient amount of alcohol up to 15 m
a 7 !lcohol 7 2S4 thl itrate Spirit 0. D$!'$ll('$on 6r(n7y ? fermente$ @uice of ripe grapes 8h$!9y ? /ermente$ mash of #holl germinate$ malte$ cereal grain •
23" TERPI H4DRATE ELIXIR USP / PROCEDURE 1. riturate erpin h$rate 2. 9isllove terpin h$rate in alcohol . !$$ successivel orange peel tincture" en
lter until clear" h$roalcoholic" s#eetene$ solution is otaine$
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SPIRIT ! clear" saturate$" alcoholic (over 60% alcoholic content) or h$roalcoholic solution of volatile oil or aromatic sustances he active ingre$ient in spirit ma e soli$" li&ui$ or gas Use$ internall for their me$icinal value /lavoring agent Store$ in tight light resistant container an$ in a cool place" preventing evaporation an$ volatili
PREPARATIO 1. S$5ple !ol&'$on 65 m volatile oil+1000m preparation 2. Sol&'$on #$'h M(cer('$on acerates leaves in #ater to e.tract #ater solule components . Che5$c(l re(c'$on •
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21" COMPOUD ORAGE SPIRIT USP / PROCEDURE 1. easure 20m alcohol 2. !$$ orange oil" lemon oil" corian$er oil an$ anise oil" stirring after each a$$ition until the oil is mi.e$ or $issolve$ thoroughl . /ilter until clear" a$$ sucient amount of alcohol to ma;e 0 m 22" PEPPERMIT SPIRIT PROCEDURE 1. acerate peppermint leaves(torn leaves #ith no stems) in 20m of puri>e$ #ater for 1 hour #ith agitation 2. /ilter through muslin cloth or >lter paper . !$$ peppermint oil to >ltrate an$ complete the re&uire$ volume #ith alcohol 2" AROMATIC AMMOIA SPIRIT PROCEDURE 1. 9issolve !mmonium caronate in strong ammonia solution an$ 6m of puri>e$ #ater8 2. !gitate8 Stan$ for 24 hours . =n another container" $issolve all the volume oils in alcohol8 0. *ra$uall a$$ the mi.tures (1A) . Stan$ for 24 hours8 !gitating occasionall
. !$$ enough #ater to ma;e 0 m /. =f turi$it occurs" >lter it
EXTRACTI:ES - Bro$uct prepare$ e.traction of $rug #ith suitale solvent PROCESS - Bercolation - aceration - 9igestion - =nfusion - 9ecoction T4PES 1. TICTURE - !lcoholic+ h$roalcoholic solution prepare$ from vegetale or animal $rug or from chemical sustance - 10-20% potenc (1020g+100m) - C 50% alcohol content - ight light resistant container an$ avoi$ e.posure to $irect sunlight an$ e.cessive heat Prep(re7 )y" S$5ple Sol&'$on ? =o$ine incture Percol('$on ? Della$ona incture M(cer('$on ? S#eet range Beel incture 2. Fl&$7 E;'r(c' - 1g+m - !lcohol as solvent - 100% tincture - Botent" too itter taste Brepare$ : Percol('$on Proce!! A (e.tract is rea$ for assa) Proce!! D (hot #ater as menstrum)
Proce!! E (longer an$ narro#er percolator)
. E;'r(c' - 2. to 6. more potent than cru$e $rug Se5$ L$<&$7 ? srup 20m of the solvent is left P$ll&l(r ? Soli$ e.tract" plastic masses" all solvent has een evaporate$ Dry Po#7er ? po#$ere$ e.tract" starch sustance (eg8 ,assava" ra$$ish)
METHOD OF PREPARATIO OF TICTURE S$5ple Sol&'$on Percol('$on (Brocess 9) Percol('$on (Brocess ) • •
So7$&5 Io7$7e - Soluili
8 Stir8 !$$ alcohol 48 !$$ enough puri>e$ #ater to complete the volume
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LIIMETS Solution of mi.ture of various sustance in oil" alcoholic solution of soap or emulsion inten$e$ for e.ternal application !pplie$ #ith friction an$ ruing to the aecte$ area an$ that is #h the are calle$ =e5)roc('$on> he oil an$ soap ase provi$es ease of application an$ massage
PROCEDURE 18 9issolve soap" camphor #ith alcohol ? gentle heat 28 /ilter the li&ui$ #hile hot into another 'as; ? #arm to ren$er li&ui$ 8 !$$ oil" strong ammonia #ater" mi. 48 Bour to container 58 =mme$iatel cover an$ cool
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ALCOHOLIC LIIMETS - =nten$e$ generall for their ruefacient" counterirritant" mil$ astringent an$ penetrating eect - Benetrate the s;in rea$il than the oil ase OIL4 LIIMETS - il$er in their action ut are more useful #hen massage is $esire$ - Use$ as protecting coating $epen$ing on the ingre$ient in the preparation shoul$ not e applie$ on raises an$ ro;en s;in FORMS Solution mulsion Suspension
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GL4CERITES Solution or mi.ture of me$icinal sustances in not less than 50% #eight of glcerine ost glcerites are viscous #hile some are @ell li;e Use$ to prepare a&ueous an$ alcoholic $ilutions of sustances #hich are rea$il solule in #ater or alcohol Sole solvent for the preparation of !ntiprine an$ Den
GL4CERI - Fe$ucing agent - Shoul$ not e triturate$ #ith strong o.i$i
25: CAMPHOR SOAP LIIMET
2" STARCH GL4CERITE PROCEDURE 1. riturate starch an$ ennal container8 . eat the mi.ture in a san$ ath (140-144H,) #ith gentle an$ occasional agitation until translucent" @ell li;e mass is forme$
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EMULSIO 2 phase sstem in #hich one li&ui$ is $isperse$ in the form of small gloules throughout another li&ui$ in #hich it is immiscile
COMPOETS 18 9isperse$ li&ui$+ =nternal phase+ 9iscontinuous Bhase 28 9ispersion me$ium+ .ternal Bhase+ ,ontinuous Bhase 8 =nterme$iate agent+ mulsifing agent+ 9ispersing or Staili
a8 F$nely D$*$7e7 Sol$7 ? g()2" !l()2" an$ agnesium trisilicate 8 Collo$7 ? Gaolin" Dentonite agma c8 An$on$c ? SS $8 C('$on$c ? Den
T4PES OF EMULSIO 1. S$5ple - o+#I #+o 28 M&l'$ple - o+#+oI #+o+# . M$croe5&l!$on - ost stale of the I $isperse$ phase is in ver small gloules (100-1000!) (1! J 081nm)
METHOD OF PREPARATIO 1. 8e'? En%l$!h - :E: - 4(oil): 2(#ater): 1(gum) - *um an$ oil >rst then a$$ #ater at once - =n one $irection" cream" stic; mi.ture #ith crac;ing soun$ 2. Dry?Con'$nen'(l - :E: - 4(oil): 2(#ater): 1(gum) - *um an$ #ater >rst then a$$ oil slo#l - =n one $irection" cream" stic; mi.ture #ith crac;ing soun$ . 6o''le? For)e! - (oil): 2(#ater): 1(emulsi>er) - Sha;ing vigorousl 0. A&;$l$(ry Me'ho7 - an$ homogeni
- ,alcium soap an$ soft soap . M$croe5&l!$on - 100! (10 microns)
PRO6LEMS 1. Cre(5$n% - emporar separation of the 2 phase sha;e again 2. Cr(c9$n% - otal separation of the 2 phase #ith coalescence . Ph(!e In*er!$on - vaporation of #aterI o+# #+o $ue to evaporation
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METHOD OF IDETIF4IG EMULSIO 1. Drop D$l&'$on Te!' - !$$ #ater ($rop) homogenous o+# 2. Dye Sol&)$l$'y Te!' - il solule su$an re$ #+o - Eater solule amaranth green o+# . Elec'ron$c Con7&c'$*$'y Te!' - Eater con$uct electricit o+# 0. Fl&ore!cence Te!' - il can asor UK light #+o
2/" M$ner(l O$l E5&l!$on PROCEDURE" Dry G&5 1. riturate mineral oil 2. !$$ emulsifing agent in portion an$ triturate . !$$ #ater an$ triturate 0. !$$ srup in portion in trituration . !$$ vanillin" previousl $issolve$ in alcohol" in portion #ith trituration . !$$ enough #ater to 0m 8e' G&5 1. Brepare nucleus
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(. riturate emulsifing agent ). !$$ #ater (all at once) an$ continue triturating (crac;ing soun$) !$$ oil in portion #ith trituration !$$ srup in portion #ith trituration !$$ vanillin previousl $issolve$ in alcohol in portion #ith trituration !$$ enough #ater to ma;e 0m
MIXTURES Feasons for having the insolule sustances in a >ner state of su$ivision o he ecome as a$sorent an$ protective #hen in contact #ith the in'ame$ areas o Suspen$e$ more rea$il an$ settle out much slo#l than large particle" thus enaling the patient to otain uniform $oses of suspen$e$ particles o o increase palatailit of the preparation (use of colloi$al suspen$ing agent)
ISOLU6LE SU6STACES - ust e in ver >nel $ivi$e$ state an$ it must e uniforml $istriute$ throughout the preparation - his is accomplishe$ the use of colloi$ mill or special metho$s of precipitation 2@" CHAL MIXTURE PROCEDURE
1. riturate the ,alcium caronate #ith 5m #ater 2. !$$ glcerine an$ levigate . !$$ cinnamon #ater an$ triturate 0. ransfer mi.ture in a gra$uate$ clin$er . Eash mortar #ith puri>e$ #ater" a$$ #ashings to the clin$er . !$$ enough #ater to complete the volume
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GEL Suspension" in a #ater me$ium of insolule $rugs in h$rate$ form #herein the particles sine particle si
THIXOTROPH4 - Semisoli$ or gelatinous #hen un$isture$ ut #hen sha;en+agitate$" the li&uef 2" Al&5$n&5 Hy7ro;$7e Gel PROCEDURE 1. ,alirate ottle to 0m 2. ,ontainer 1: 9issolve so$ium caronate in 60m hot #ater an$ >lter (so$ium caronate soln) . ,ontainer 2: 9issolve alum in 0m of hot #ater (alum soln)
0. /ilter the alum solution into the caronate solution . !$$ 60m hot #ater #ith stirring to allo# gas to escape (5 mins) . ransfer to 185 soft $rin; ottle /. 9ilute to 1200m #ith col$ #ater8 Stan$8 9ecant8 @. /ilter an$ #ash resi$ue #ith 10m col$ #ater8 . Suspen$ resi$ue in puri>e$ #ater to ma;e 0m8 /lavor #ith peppermint oil an$ preserve #ith so$ium en
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LOTIO i&ui$ suspension or $ispersion inten$e$ for e.ternal application to the o$ !pplie$ #ithout friction =nsolule matter are >nel $ivi$e$ as particles approaching colloi$al $imension are more soothing to in'ame$ areas an$ more eective in contact #ith the infecte$ area
METHOD OF PREPARATIO 1. Tr$'&r('$n% the ingre$ient to a smooth paste an$ then cautiousl a$$ing the remaining li&ui$ phase (#ith the use of high spee$ mi.er an$ homogeninel $ivi$e$ insolule soli$s hel$ in more or less permanent suspension the presence of suspen$ing agents+ surface active agent
2. 6y Che5$c(l In'er(c'$on $n 'he L$<&$7 8h$'e Lo'$on B must e freel prepare$ an$ $oes not contain suspen$ing agent8 LnS4 7 Sulfurate$ Botash (G 2S) LnS 7 2S 7 G 2S4 . Cle(r Sol&'$on in #hich the active ingre$ient is a #ater solule sustance D$5e'h$!o<&$n hy7rochlor$7e lo'$on
3" CALAMIE LOTIO USP / PROCEDURE 1. 9ilute entonite magma #ith an e&ual volume of calcium h$ro.i$e topical solution 2. i.
SUSPESIO
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9ispersion of >nel $ivi$e$ insolule soli$ particles in a li&ui$8 a e: 1. ,oarse Suspensions 2. ,olloi$al Suspension
1" H4DROCORTISOE SUSPESIO PROCEDURE 1. ,alirate ottle at 0m 28 Eeigh speci>c amount for menthol" h$rocortisone an$ calamine8 8 Brepare menthol ul; ($issolve in =B!) 48 Blace the h$rocortisone in a mortar an$ a$$ the calamine geometricall 58 a;e 2m of menthol-=B! solution an$ an a$$itional 1m of =B! 68 !$$ the aove solution to the po#$ers in the mortar #ith trituration smooth paste 38 !$$ aout 5m of #ater efore a$$ing 20m of ,etaphil M8 ransfer to a calirate$ ottle (0m) N8 Use a little #ater to rinse mortar 108!$$ #ater to ma;e 0m
