Everything Changes sheet music, from Waitress: The Musical
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CHAPTER 5: ENERGY AND CHEMICAL CHANGES 5.1 Physical and chemical changes
Introduction Living thing
Non-living thing
I. Both Both liv livin ing g and and nonnon-li livi ving ng thi thing ng are are matt matter er II. Matte Matterr around around us unde undergo rgoes es chang changes. es. These These changes can be classified into two types
Physical changes • Physical changes in a substance is one that effect its physical properties, such as •
Shape
•
Volume
•
Density
•
State of matter (solid,liquid,gas)
•
Colour
•
Mass
Physical changes •
No new substance is form during a physical change. • Physical changes are usually reversible. This mean that the physical properties of the substance which has undergone a physical change can be changed back. Water
ice
water
Physical changes 1. Examples a) Change Changes s of phys physica icall state state •
Caused by heating Ice
•
steam
Caused by cooling Steam
•
water
water
ice
No new substance form because H 2O remain H2O
Physical changes a) Diss Dissol olvi ving ng a sol solid id in water ater Sugar + watedissolved r aqueous sugar ( larutan gula)
•
Reverse changes Aqueous sugar
Aqueous sugar
evaporated
distillation water
sugar + water
sugar +
Physical changes a) Crysta Crystalli llizin zing g a salt salt from from it satura saturated ted soluti solution on •
Saturated salt means a solution with maximum quantity of the salt dissolved on it.
•
Solid salt can be obtained by crystalization cr ystalization
Chemical Changes • Changes of matter that produce new substance • The new substance have chemical properties which are different from the original substance • Chemical changes are usually difficult to reverse. This means that the product formed cannot be easily changed back into the reactant
Chemical Changes 1. Example a) Burning of of pa paper Burn
Paper
ash + carbon dioxide
but Cannot be Ash + carbon dioxide
paper
Chemical Changes a) Brow Browni ning ng of a pee peele led d app apple le
Exposed to air
Peeled apple
browning apple
Chemical Changes a) Combustion of of feu feull Hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + oxygen
Chemical Changes a) Photosyntesis
Carbon dioxide + water (in plant)
light
glucose + oxygen
Examples in daily life Physical changes in Chemical changes daily life in daily life Freezing of water to form ice cube
Boiling an egg to get a hard-boiled egg
Boiling of water
Burning of fossil fuel in motor vehicles
Dissolving sugar or salt in water
Respiration in living organism
Melting of wax to form different shapes of Mecandles lting of of ch chocolate
Decomposition of fallen leaves
Evaporate of sweat
Photosynthesis in
Digestion of of fo food in in our body
Comparison between physical and chemical changes Chemical changes
Physical changes SIMILARITIES
Substance in both processes undergo changes Both changes require energy DIFFERENCES In term of No
Formation of new substance
Yes
reversible
Reversibility
Difficult to reverse
Less energy is needed
Amount of More energy is energy required needed
Comparison between physical and chemical changes Chemical changes
Physical changes SIMILARITIES
Substance in both processes undergo changes Both changes require energy DIFFERENCES In term of No