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INDIAN LEARNERS OWN ACADEMY YEAR 2015-16 OHM’S LAW
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that HENA HANEEFA, a student of CLASS XII, has successfully completed the research on the below mentioned project under the guidance of MRS.RINI (Subject teacher) during the year 2015-16.
Signature of external examiner Signature of subject teacher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Wish to thank my ever loving parents without whose continuous support, encouragement and never ending love this project could ever seize to exist. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my chemistry teachers mrs . RINI who inspired me and my partner in this project, to work with this topic. Finally, I submit my gratefulness to the lord almighty without whose grace and blessings this project would not be
completed.
INDEX 1. CERTIFICATE OF EXCELLENCE 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3. AIM OF PROJECT 4. INTRODUCTION 5. APPARATUS REQUIRED 6. PROCEDURE FOLLOWED 7. OBSERVATION 8. CONCLUSION 9. PRECAUTION 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION Ohm's Law deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal conductor. This relationship states that: The potential difference (voltage) across an ideal conductor is proportional to the current through it. The constant of proportionality is called the "resistance", R. Ohm's Law is given by: V=I R Where V is the potential difference between two points which include a resistance R. I is the current flowing through the resistance. Material that obeys Ohm's Law is called "ohmic" or "linear" because the potential difference across it varies
linearly with the current. Ohm's Law can be used to solve simple circuits. A complete circuit is one which is a closed loop. It contains at least one source of voltage (thus providing an increase of potential energy), and at least one potential drop i.e., a place where potential energy decreases. The sum of the voltages around a complete circuit is zero. An increase of potential energy in a circuit causes a charge to move from a lower to a higher potential (i.e. voltage). Note the difference between potential energy and potential. Because of the electrostatic force, which tries to move a positive charge from a higher to a lower potential, there must be another 'force' to move charge from a lower potential to a higher inside the battery. This so-called force is called the electromotive force, or emf. The SI unit for the emf is a volt (and thus this is not really a force, despite its name). We will use a script E, the symbol , to represent the emf. A decrease of potential energy can occur by various means. For example, heat lost in a circuit due to some electrical resistance could be one source of energy drop. Because energy is conserved, the potential difference across an emf must be equal to the potential difference across the rest of the circuit. That is, Ohm's Law will be satisfied: R
=I
EXPERIMENT Apparatus: 1. 4 varied value of resistors 2. Power supply 3. Connecting wires 4. Multimeter Variables: Independent: Resistance Dependent: Current Controlled: Electromotive force Procedures: 1. Set up the apparatus to be the circuit as shown in diagram of hypothesis. 2. Set the value of electromotive force into 3 V. 3. Put the 12-ohm resistor and see the value of current in the Multimeter. 4. Change the 12-ohm resistor with 82 and 470-ohm resistor variedly and repeat step 3. 5. Change the value of electromotive force into 6 V. 6. Repeat steps 3 and 4 (use 56-ohm resistor instead of 12ohm resistor, because the value of 12-ohm resistor is too small for 6V of electromoti ve force). 7. Record the data in this table: FOR MAGNENIN: SR.NO: