PLE Recall March 2016 Notes The degree of difficulty of question varies each subject. There is a trend wherein you will be given a case and they will give a cascading type of questions. Two or three subjects asked approximately 50 percent of the total number of items. Can you be believed that? Lol A lot of questions were duplicated twice or thrice We advise that the students have a solid background in immunology and microbiology Take note that one of the examiners is a pediatric immuno specialist so those two subjects is his forte and I think he also influenced the other examiners to asked about a lot of immune topics lol Biochemistry Note: One of the easiest subjects in the boards. Most of the answer can be found in the Topnotch Lecture Guide. Read DNA/ RNA because got a lot of questions from this topic. They love to ask about carbohydrate metabolism. - Hyperlipidemia due to defect in ldl receptor - type 2 - Type 2 hyperlipidemia - increase in LDL - I cell dse - Case of Fructosemia- def of aldolase b - Adenine and guanine- transition - Sorbitol- is a sugar alcohol, a ketone - Dm with cataract- accumulation of sorbitol - Accumulation of arginosuccinate, which ezyme is deficient- arginosuccinate synthase, arginosuccinase - Co factor of cps1 - N aga - PCR- amplification - Rxn of glutamate to GABA - Location of glycolysis- cytosol - Which AA is both ketogenic and glucogenic – isoleucine - Case of a pregnant woman with galactosemia - Case of infant with lactose intolerance - Central dogma – replication transcription and translation - Cell organelle responsible for ATP production – mitochondria (x3) - Which of the following can detect DNA? Pcr, Southwestern - What will be your brain’s source of energy after 48 hours of fasting? Fatty acids, glycogen, protein, ketone - ldl receptor deficiency what familial disease -type II familial - Where pathway happens in the cytoplasm? Glycolysis - Which of the following micronutrient is an antioxidant? Tocopherol, magnesium, selenium, vit d, magnesium - Site of ETC? mitochondria (up to 3 or more questions repeated again in anatomy or physiology)
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Which of the following are HMG co A reductase inhibitor? Simvastatin, rosuvastatin, fluvastatin, all of the above, a and b only What is the defect in I cell disease? Lysosomal storage, enzyme deficiency A t baby with fructosuria and failure to thrive. What is the enzyme def? fructokinase, aldolase B, galactokinase Adenine is replaced by guanine – transition What is activated by APO C II – lipoprotein lipase What is a sorbitol? Sugar alcohol Accumulation of arginosuccinate. What is the enzyme def? arginosuccinase What is the reaction for the conversion of glutamate to GABA? Degenerate – redundancy of genetic code Which of the following does not need vit B12 for its pathwat? Isoleucine, leucine, valine, methionine Which of the ffis not ketone bodies? Acetone, acetate, B hydroxybutyrate, acetyl co A Location for ETC and Glycolysis Which of the ff is x linked recessive - Hunter syndrome Adenine to Guanine Type of mutation - Transition Central Dogma - Replication-Transcription-translation Fructose Intolerance Aldolase B deficiency. Case of hypoglycemia with vomiting after drinking fruit juice Antioxidant effect and reducing property of Glutathione is due to this AA - Cysteine Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase required for synthesis of - Thromboxane from Arachidonic acid High LDL- Familial Hypercholesterolemia Vitamin C synthesis - Uronic acid pathway Characteristic of genetic code allow translation of same AA despite different codonRedundant Methylmalonicaciduria failure to metabolize these AA except Leucine Most abundant connective tissue in the skin, hair and nail
Anatomy Note: They didn’t asked a lot of questions about pelvic area! Read histology, they love to ask about parathyroid gland. Its secretion and its characteristic cell. A good background in histo will help to a lot . - Location of av bundle- left atrium, right atrium, interatrial septum, intervetricular septum - Homologue of major vestibular gland in male- bartholins, cowpers, skenes, prostate - Sellaturcica is located on what bone- sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal - Comprises pterion except- occipital, frontal, parietal, temporal - Sliding rib syndrome - Cingulate gyrus divides – - 1 motor area - pre central, post central - Deltopectoral groove - cephalic vein - Part of axial skeleton- hyoid, clavicle
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Greater petrosal nerve is a branch of- facial, hypoglossal, vagus Bones of orbit except- nasal, frontal, maxillary, zygomatic Subcostal nerve – T12 Azurophilic granules – neutrophils Thoracentesis done at what level Number of cranial nerves passing through internal jugular foramen Source of histamine – basophil, mast cell Components of levatorani Contents of superficial and deep perineal space Which sole nerve enters pelvis above the piriformis? Sciatic nerve, obturator nerve, superior gluteal Pectoralis minor function Part where calcitonin is secreted? Parafollicular cells Which of the following has longitudinal vertical crease? Limb, abdomen, breast, back Which of the following is part of axial skeleton? Hyoid, clavicle, pelvis, scapula When doing thoracentesis, what pleural space are you going to insert the needle? 5th, 7th 9th 2nd Greater petrosal nerve is a branch of? CN 7, CN 9, CN 8, CN 5 Bone comprising orbit Bones comprising pterion 2 questions on dermatomes - Acute Cholecystitis and Ureteral stone referred pain Lumbar disk herniation - most common location Axial skeleton - Hyoid bone Pituitary gland located in relation to sinuses (asked twice) Nerve supply of tympanic membrane Site for insertion of CTT Portosystemic anastomosis in Portal hypertension- Left gastric to azygous vein Main blood supply to tail of pancreas Median episiotomy - structures cut Homologue of Greater Vestibular glands for male (asked twice pinalitanlangngBartholins) Slipping rib syndrome Parafollicular cells produce Calcitonin - marker for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (3 or 4 questions)
Micro/ Para Note: The questions are difficult. Most of the questions are situational. Only 1 question was asked about agar. Like What is the colony morphology of E.Coli in LXD agar (oranges colonies, pink) - Most common cause of Viral Gastroenteritis in infants - double stranded RNA virus - Anaerobic infections - Metro and Clindamycin - Hydatid cyst - causative agent and treatment - Case: Malassezia furfur - Culture appearance? - Case: Scabies - treatment
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Case: Salmonella - treatment Case: Onychomycosis - Risk factor- recurrent tineapedis on history Case: Erythema multiforme - 'iris' lesion Case: Cryptococcus neoformans - history of exposure to pigeon droppings Case: Congenital Varicella Syndrome (asked twice) Case: Toxoplasmosis - intracranial calcification Case: Chikungunya - severe arthritis, Aedes (vector) Causative agent of Lymphogranulomainguinale - Klebsiellagranulomatis HIV Edward jenner used to discover vaccine for smll pox- cow pox, vaccinia, monkey pox Micro case of dengue, chikingunya, chromoblastomycosis Yersinia- bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic Mcc of infant diarrhea- ssrna, dsrna, ssdna, dsdna HIV- lentivirus, adeno, paramyxo, orthomyxo Treatment or Trichomonasvaginalis infection – oral metronidazole, topical metronidazole New world hookwork – NecatorAmericanus, Ancylostomaduodenale Pneumatocoele – caused by Staphylococcus aureus Case of Dengue and chikungunya Expected laboratory result in dengue fever – decrease wbc Diagnostic test for chikungunya – ELISA, PCR Case of clostridium perfringens – aerobe gram positive, aerobe gram negative, anaerobe gram positive, anaerobe gram negative Antibiotic not effective on Shigella infection – Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin Positive for lepromin test – tuberculoid Case of leprosy - mode of transmission – prolonged contact with patient, respiratory Mode of transmission of Kaposi sarcoma – airborne, sexual contact, vector Pathogenesis of Vibrio Cholera – increase adenylatecyclase which opens Cl channels Botulinum toxin – inhibits release of acetylcholine Case of chromoblastomycosis The following plagues were caused by Yersinia pestis except? Bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic if present what affects the virulence of bacteria: a. oxygen b. iron c. mg d. carbon A case of previous trauma with wart like lesion on site? What is your initial impression? What is your final diagnosis after sseing in the biopsy, granulomatous? Verruca vulgaris, tuberculous verruca Which of the following will least likely cause pid after no growth in aerobic medium? Bacteroidesfragilis, propionibacterium, pervotellabivis, pervotella What did Edward Jenner used for the vaccine that he made? Monkeypox, chickenpox, cowpox, vaccinia What is responsible for tuberculin positivity? Mycolic acid, sulfatides, protein What is responsible for the hypersensitivity reaction for tuberculin test? IgE mediated, cell cytoxicity, immune complex deposition, cell mediated
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2 hours prior to consult, 2 fishermen went on a drinking spree after they sold their catch. They were both brought to the emergency room due to a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis on their legs. What organism is reposnible for the disease? Streptoccocuspyogenes, Clostridium perfingens, Vibrio vulnificus, Salmonella typhi What system will HIV reside after the lymphatic system? GI, Nervous, Cardio, Renal Which of the following is the appearance of E.coli in XLD agar? A>red colonies, some with black centers B>red colonies C>yellow to orange colonies D>pink, flat, rough colonies What will you give in an anaerobic infection? Clindamycin and Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Vancomycin What is the most common diseased entity caused by Salmonella? Enterocolitis, Typhoid fever, Septicemia, Arthritis Differences of Tuberculoid Leprosy and Lepromatous Leprosy Ring enhancing lesion in CT scan
Physiology Note: Some concept was lifted from Physio BRS. Like the V/Q ratio table and FVC, FEV1 table. The questions are average. Only 1 computation was asked. - Renal Tubular Acidosis- It’s a form of NAGMA - In an awake person, what is the level of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine - Fetal Hemoglobin less responsive to 2,3 BPG - higher affinity to O2 - Computation for EDV - Diffusing capacity - COPD - Produced by Neurohypophysis - None of the above was not in the choices so best answer is ADH - Inhibits prolactin- dopamine - Hirschprungdse- sympha pre, sympha post, para pre, para post - Type C fiber- slowest in conduction - Apex of lung - highest v/q - Most negative- after expiration, before expiration, after inspiration, before inspiration - Diluting segment- thick ascending - Most abundant form of CO2- HCO3 - Surfactant produced by- type 1, type2, clara cells - ACE- converts angio 1 to angio 2 - What condition- inc PP, A-a grdient - Parafollicular cell – calcitonin (x4) - Ovarian cyst should not be removed during the 1st trimester because it secretes – progesterone only, progesterone and estrogen, progesterone and HCG - Computation for end diastolic volume volume given ejection fraction cardiac output and heart rate. - Which of the following is activated by heterotrimeric G protein? GABA receptors, 5Ht3, ANP, Cl channels - Which fiber has the slowest conduction? Type C - What is the difference of the apex from the base of the lung? Highes V/Q
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What is the most negative pressure at the end of expiration? What is responsible for dec in TPR during exercise? Local metabolites What is the diluting segment part of the nephron? Thick ascending limb Function of secretin and CCK Which of the following ABG values matches a patient with RTA? pH 7.1 anion gap 12 What cells of the lungs secretes surfactant? Type II What enzyme converts angiotensin I to II? ACE What constitutes with the PR interval?
Legal Medicine Note: Most of the questions were patterned to previous board exam questions. I preferred the APMC questions of UE and Cebu Doctors. Most of the questions came from Doctrines. - Doctrine on Continuing Negligence - A case foreign body left during an operation. (based on Dr. Solis book) - Corporate liability - defective wheelchair - Privilege communication - ethical? Professional? - Substantive law - Most useful and reliable in preserving evidence - Photograph - Post mortem vs Ante mortem clot - Sex crimes - Case of rape <12 years old, Acts of lasciviousness - placing a man’s penile organ over a girls genital - Physical virginity - Defloration - Mental deficiency - Level of IQ of imbecile, idiot, moron - At how many weeks will a burn wound forms a red granulation tissue? 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks - Specimen used for cyanide poisoning- liver stomach, liver kidney, kidney lungs - Specimen used for arsenic poisoning- liver, brain, lungs - Which type of fee id unethical – fee splitting Pathology - Types of Hypersensitivity morphology - same choices, different case scenario (PPD test, Asthma, Contact dermatitis) - Recurrent pulmo infection and Herpes infection, no palpable lymph node - Diagnosis? - Polycythemia vera - erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis - Crew cut skull appearnce, target cells, chipmunk facies - Thalassemia - Bowens disease - Squamous CA in situ - Tumor marker for Endodermal sinus tumor - AFP - Wilm’s tumor morphology - triphasic - Major criteria for RF except Polyarthralgia - RA- non inflamm affecting movable joints - Earliest sign of coagulative necrosis – 4-12 hours - Case of SLE
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Valve affected in SLE endocarditis – mitral, tricuspid, aortic, pulmonic Valve affected in IE causd by Strep viridans – mitral Case of a child with microcytes on PBS, crew cut appearance, needs blood transfusion – Thalassemia major, thalassemia minor, sickle cell anemia Cases of hodgkins and non hodgkins and their differences MC type of hodgkins – nodular If on biopsy of lymph node, + lacunar type of reed Sternberg cells – nodular If with metastatis – non hodgskins Characteristic of antemortem clot – lines of zahn Characterisctic of post mortem clot – currant jelly Characteristics of post mortem clot except – lines of zahn MC cause of contact dermatitis – nickel MC cancer in children – leukemia Cases of hypersensitivity reactions, choices are not simply type 1,2,3 or 4, but the mechanism or pathogenesis of each type (refer to the Hypersensitivity table in robins, They have asked a lot of questions form here!) A) Tuberculin test B) Child who applied make up on her face C) Poison ivy D) Asthma E) Acute post strep GN F) Hemolytic transfusion reaction Case of a child riding in a bicycle, fell and bumped his face on the floor, had hematoma, what is the initial reaction – vasodilatation, increase vascular permeability, increase accumulation of wbc Case of HSP – what accumulates – IgA Anti inflammatory – IL 4, IL 10, IL 13 What is the initial reaction when a child fell down face flat in a cemented floor? Vasodilation, stasis, increase cellular permeability Lacunar variant of Hodgkin’s lymphoma? Nodular sclerosis Barrett’s esophagus Which of the following can cause squamous metaplasia? GERD, Vit A deficiency Autoimmune gastritis Most common lung ca in women? Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, large cell Most common site of bronchogenic carcinoma? Mediastinum, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi What is the earliest time you can see microscopic changes in heart attack? 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 12 hours What is the type of necrosis in acute pancreatitis? Coagulative, liquefactive, fat, fibrinoid What is the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency? Autoimmune, ectopic, infection, idiopathic What family does HIV belong? Adenovirus, lentivirus, coronavirus, paraorthomyxxovirus
Pharmacology Note: Pharma questions is difficult! - Only drug that is accepted as treatment for ALS? - DOC for Ascariasis - Cholinomimetic drug for Alzheimers - Rivastagmine - Multiple questions on diuretics - common side effect of HCTZ and Furosemide Multiple questions on Spironolactone - SE of lupus-like and hypertrichosis - Vasodilators - Anti arrythmia post MI - Lidocaine - HMG Coareductase inhibitor - Rosuvastatin - Which PPI is CYP450 inhibitor - Omeprazole? Espomeprazole? - Cholestyramine - MOA - Metoclopramide - EPS - Inhaled corticosteroid - Oral Candidiasis - Parkinsons predominantly manifesting with tremors - Benztropine - Highest elemental iron - Haloperidol - major EPS - OCP for lactating mothers - Progestin only pills - Antibiotic with Time dependent killing Except Quinolone - Only Anti TB drug that is bacteriostatic - EMB (asked twice) - Sterilizing agent for TB – PZA - Steroid used to decrease ICP- dexamathasone - Only fda approved drug for als- riluzole - Iron supplement with highest iron content- fumarate, gluconate, sulfate - Penicillamine and phenacetin use – acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis - Which of the following does not have coverage in Shigella dysentery? Vancomycin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav - Which of the following is responsible for histamine release? Mivacurium, rocurium, pancuronium, atracurium - What is the mechanism for gabapentin? Binding to GABA receptors, promotes Na efflux, decreseCa uptake - What is the dose limiting adverse effect of phenytoin? Diplopia and ataxia, elevated liver enzyme, rash and pruritus - What medication for peptic ulcer disease can cause pseudomembranous colitis? Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, metronidazole - Which of the following is bacteriostatic? Ethambutol, pza, inh, rif - What is the drug of choice for malignant hyperthermia? dantrolene
Surgery Note: The questions are average. They just asked superficial questions per disease and almost no detailed question about the specific treatment per disease entity! - Ménétrier disease (also known as hypoproteinemic hypertrophic gastropathy), No or decreased gastric secretion - Which of the following is absent in Hirschsprung disease? a. sympa pre ganglionic b. sympa post ganglionic c. para pre ganglionic d. para post ganglionic - What is the type on incision for doing tracheal surgery? R intercostal, L intercostal, median sternotomy - What is the defect in sliding rib syndrome? Constochondral, constosternal, vertebral - Antidote for Benzodiazepine – Flumazenil - Source of energy in order- Glycogen-Fat-Protein - Blood transfusion indication - Wound classification – Breast biopsy – Clean wound - Crohn’svs Ulcerative Colitis - Rovsing sign – Acute Appendicitis - Treatment for Pancreatic head Ca – Whipple - Tracheal injury - Dieulafoy lesion - Menetiere’s disease – decreased parietal cell - Femoral hernia – passes thru the femoral ring - Spigelian hernia - Appendicitis in Pregnancy - Surgical prophylaxis - Cefazolin - Pringle maneuver- hepatic artery Internal Medicine Note: They asked about 2 or 3 questions from Psychiatry! - What is the vehichle for hiv transmission? Neisseria gonorrhea, herpes simplex, syphilis, hpv - Loss of proprioception on right leg. What is the lesion? Right dorsal column L1, Left dorsal column L1, Right anterior spinothalamic L1, Left anterior spinothalamic L1 - How many weeks will an exposed person to a tubercle bacilli gets positive in tuberculin skin test? 72 hours, 5 days, 3 weeks, 6 months - What is the dose of anti TB drugs? - Which of the following is not part of felty’s syndrome? Weight loss, splenomegaly, arthritis - Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory or noninflammatory? - Which patient would benefit most from - Haloperidol?A. Patient with delusions B. Patient with negative schizophrenia C. Positive schizophrenic patient who wants to continue medicine D. I cannot recall
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Who would you differentiate bipolar 2 from bipolar 1? Bipolar 1 has atleast one episode of MDD, Bipolar 2 has atleast one episode of hypomania, Bipolar 2 has atleast one episode of delusion Similarity of gastric and duodenal ca- assoc with h.pylori, risk of ca, single ulcer Fever of unknown origin MC cause – infection MC associated CA – colorectal CA Criteria for diagnosis FUO except Auzpitz sign in Psoriasis– pathophysiology Leprosy - repository drug given every month Mild Leptospirosis - Doxycycline Pulmo embolism - diagnostic CT scan or Pulmoangio? SLE manifestation Except Fever Addisons disease Corticosteroid to give for replacement - Hydrocortisone Corticosteroid for Meningitis with increase ICP - Dexamethasone Precipitating factors for DKA RTA – NAGMA
OBGYNE Note: A lot of gyne questions were asked! - Case: Follicular Ovarian Cyst - Case : Dermoid Cyst - Case: Theca lutein cyst - Case: Corpus luteum cyst - What causes lymphograulomavenereum? Chlamydia trachomatis - What anesthetic will you use for bringing back uterine inversion? Halothane, succinylcholine, spinal anesthesia - What is the only known risk for taking OCP? Endometrial hyperplasia, Breast Cancer, Ovarian cancer, Cervical cancer - What will be the gestational age if the fundus is at the level of the umbilicus? 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months - A patient is 2 cm dilated for 10 hours. What is your next step? Observe, CS, NSD, Forceps - Which of the following muscles will not be damaged during median episiotomy? Bulbospongiosus, deep transverse perineal, perineal body, external anal sphincter - Which of the ff is least helpful in diagnosing patient with Candida? KOH, wet mount, Gram stain, culture - What is the risk factor for DIC in pregnancy? Placenta previa, abruption placentae, preterm labor - What is the most useful drug for pregnancy hypertension? Methyldopa, nifedipine, captopril - Increase risk for ectopic- previous tubal surgery - Marker of endodermal sinus tumor – AFP - Characteristic of theca lutein cyst – bilateral - Cyst of pregnancy – corpus luteum cyst (x2)
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Lymphogranulomainguinale – chlamydia, K. donovani, candida Doesn’t need to be operated – unicornuate, imperforate hymen, uterine didelphys DIC/consumptive coagulopathy - Abruptio placenta Meig syndrome - triad Acute pancreatitis - management Fundic height at level of umbilicus - 3 months Complication of PROM - Chorioamnionitis Partial H mole Ectopic pregnancy Uterine inversion - what anesthetic to give? Halothane, Succinylcholine PCOS desiring fertility – Clomiphene
Pediatrics Note: One of the hardest subjects in the boards! - Benefit of skin to skin contact - HepBsAg (+) mother - management - Given Cotri develop pallor - G6PD deficiency - Diaphragmatic hernia Bochdaleck - Earliest age to give Measles vax - Case: Toxic looking, tripod position - Epiglottitis - Case: Bullneck appearance - Diphtheria - Case: Different kinds of rashes - Mengingococcemia, HSP - Volvulus - Detorsion - PSGN - decrease C3 - Hypoxic spell - pathophysiology - Viral infections - Measles, Rubella - Feature present in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever but not in Dengue Fever Thrombocytopenia? Plasma Leakage? Leucopenia? - Biliary obstruction - diagnostics - Cascading questions: Neuroblastoma, prognosis, metastasis (at least 4 questions) - Cascading questions: Benign Febrile seizure What to request? Indication for Lumbar tap? Treatment? (at least 4 questions) - Hirschsprung disease - Para/Sympa? Pre/Post ganglionic? - Most common childhood malignancy – Leukemia - 10mos old cough and colds, had high fever after 1day, had seizure. Younger brother had same experience when he was 2 yrs old, PE no nasal congestion. Negative kernigsbruszinski, positive babinski. - Dx- simple febrile seizure, viral meningitis, bacterial meningitis. - Dx procedure to confirm dx- none, LP, ct scan, eeg. - Paralysis after seizure attack- todds paralysis, - what will you advice to mother, control fever, - mgt if with another attack- iv diazepam, iv phenobarb, iv phenytoin (8 0r 10 questions were asked on seizure in pediatric patient!)
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A case of neuroblastoma with abdominal tumor extending to midline. What diagnostic test will you request to completely diagnose the case? Homovanillic acid and VMA, BM aspirate and CT scan, VMA and CT scan What is the most common site of metastasis for neuroblastoma? Liver, Brain, Lungs, Bone A 10 month old infant had measles. What will you give in an unvaccinated child to prevent measles? Vit A, Vaccine immediately, Antiviral, Antibiotics Which of the following is false regarding tetanus? Primary medications include, penicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline and erythromycin, Antitoxin is given post infection, Antispasmodics can be given A 3 year old child had a history of repeated meningitis, URTI, sepsis. Upon PE, patient has no palpable lymph nodes and no tosillar tissue. What is the most probable case of the patient? Agammaglobulinemia, SCID, CVID, Selective IgA deficiency A 5 year old presented with low grade fever and cough. Tonsils and pharynx were erythematous. The patient has swollen neck but not in distress. What is your diagnosis? Epiglotittis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Bronchiolitis Treatment for TB meningitis in children Hodgkins Aids in baby mother from japan SCID – no lymphoid tissue present Most common cause of infant diarrhea? ssRNA, dsRNA, ssDNA, dsDNA A cascading case regarding Benogn febrile seizure. Medical mgt during actual seizure in the ER? Patient was a --- old child, previously healthy, exclusively breast fed. And was introduced to cow's milk which the baby could not tolerate, he was then given hydrolysed milk which the baby likewise refused. The was then fed again with breast milk however he could not tolerate it anymore. What is your advice /next step? Extensively hydrolysed milk Soy milk Goat's milk Patient overdosed with acetaminophen, antidote? N acetylcysteine
Preventive Medicine Note: they have asked a lot of unfair and nice to know questions! - Population of Phil as of February 2015 - Types of Bias - Computation – odds ratio, standard deviation ( 2 or 3 questions about computation ) - What is the most common illness for traveller’s? diarrhea, urti - What is berkesonian bias? - Measurement bias - Lead time bias - Length time bias - Interviewer bias - Computation for sensitivity, specificity, odds ratio
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A study was conducted regarding height high school students. The mean height is 140 cm with standard deviation of 8. Assuming all variable were normally distributed. How many standard deviation from the mean is a student with a height of 168 cm? 3.5sd, 2.5 sd, 1.5 sd, 4.5 sd A student is 2 cm taller from the mean. How many standard deviation? 0.5, 0.25, 1, 2 What is the height of student 1.5 sd shorter from the mean? 134, 128, 136, 126 What is the Philippine population as of February 16, 2016 Wednesday? Which is not included in the top 5 mortality in the Philippines? Accident, Pneumonia, heart diease, tuberculosis What is the most common mortality in the 19th century in the industrialized coutnries? Tuberculosis, HIV, malaria Which of the following is not included on millennium development goals? What is the best study to be used in determining cases of schistosomiasis and their previous exposure in contaminated water? Correlational, case control, cohort, experimental What would be the statistical criteria to be used? Odds ratio, relative risk, t-test, prevalence rate Positive predictive value, standard deviation, Sensitivity Population of the Phil RH bill SARS Top 10 leading cause of mortality in the philippines
