PRACTICA No. 3 Dureza Vickers

INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERIA MECANICA Y ELECTRICA INGENIERÍA EN AERÓNAUTICA LABORATORIO DE ENSAYE DE MATERIALES-TM INGENIERIA DE MATERIALES PRACTICA No. 3 Dureza Vi!er" Pro#. La$ora%orio& Da'i( A)a*a Pro#. Teor+a& V+%or Saue Gru,o& 3AM Tur)o& Ma%u%i)o I)%era)%e" (e/ E0ui,o& Bra'o 1errera A)(r2" ra)i"o Gar+a Ca4,uza)o E(ar I"rae/ Mo)%e" (e Oa Ca4aro No2 5a#e% Ra)e/ Mar%+)ez 12%or 1 2%or A/e6a)(ro e7a (e E/a$orai8) (e /a Pr9%ia& 3: (e e)ero :;< e7a (e E)%rea (e /a Pr9%ia& = (e #e$rero :;<

Ca/i#iai8)& >>>>>>>>>> 

Objetivo

De%er4i)ar e?,eri4e)%a/4e)%e /a (ureza Vi!er" (e @ ,ieza" (e auer(o a /o e",ei#ia(o e) /a )or4a ASTM E3@. Condiciones Ambientales

Co)(iio)e" I)iia/e" Te4,era%ura ;=.:C Co)(iio)e" i)a/e" Te4,era%ura ;=.C

Pore)%a6e 1u4e(a( 3

(e

Pore)%a6e 1u4e(a( 3

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Material, Herramienta y Equipo utilizado

Ma%eria/ 1erra4ie)%a * E0ui,o u%i/iza(o Ma%eria/ -Pa%ro) 4i%u%o*o -:;; 1erra4ie)%a -I(e)%a(or ,ira4i(a/ $a"e ua(ra(a (e (ia4a)%e E0ui,o U%i/iza(o

-Dur84e%ro Vi!er" Mo(e/o& AVF-C; Serie& 3:@ Mara& Mi%u%o*o

Introducción

La" ,rue$a" (e (ureza "o) $a"%a)%e %i/e" ,ara /a e'a/uai8) (e 4a%eria/e"H o)%ro/ (e a/i(a( (e ,roe"o" (e 4a)u#a%uraH "e ara%eriza) ,or e'a/uar /a a,ai(a( 0ue %ie)e /a ,ro$e%a (e re"i"%ir u)a (e#or4ai8) ,/9"%ia 7e7a ,or u)a ara e"%a)(ariza(a. La ,rue$a (e (ureza Vi!er" e" u)a 7erra4ie)%a $a"%a)%e e#iaz e) /a ra4a (e /a i)e)ieraH e" u)a ,rue$a (e 4iro(ureza 0ue )or4a/4e)%e "e u%i/iza ,ara /94i)a" (e/a(a" o ,ara 7aer u)a i)(e)%aio) e) u)a 4iroe"%ru%ura e",ei#ia (e u)a a/eai8)H )o" ,er4i%e 7aer 4e(iio)e" 49" ,rei"a" o) e/ i)(e)%a(or ,ira4i(a/ (e (ia4a)%e. La )or4a ASTM E3@ )o" i)(ia e/ ,roe(i4ie)%o ,ara ,o(er 7aer /a ,rue$a (e (ureza Vi!er" * /a ,rue$a (e (ureza F)oo,. La (i#ere)ia e)%re u)a ,rue$a * o%ra "o)& /a eo4e%r+a (e/ i)(e)%a(or * /a ara a,/ia(a a /a ,ro$e%a. Marco teorico

Dura)%e /a" 4e(iio)e" e"%a)(ariza(a" (e (ureza Vi!er" "e 7ae ,e)e%rar u) i)(e)%a(or (e (ia4a)%e e) #or4a (e ,ir94i(e (e ua%ro ara" 'er #iura ;aJ o) u)a 9)u/o (e%er4i)a(o e) e/ '2r%ie. La u%i/izai8) (e u)a ,ir94i(e (e (ia4a)%e %ie)e /a" "iuie)%e" 'e)%a6a"& ;J /a" i4,ro)%a" re"u/%a) $ie) ,er#i/a(a"H 84o(a" ,ara /a 4e(ii8)K J /a #or4a (e /a" i4,ro)%a" e" eo42%ria4e)%e "e4e6a)%e #iura ;$JH ,or /o ua/ /a (ureza ,ara u) 4i"4o 4a%eria/ e" o)"%a)%eH i)(e,e)(ie)%e4e)%e (e /a 4a)i%u( (e /a araK 3J /a (ureza o) /a ,ir94i(e oi)i(e o) /a (ureza Bri)e// ,ara /o" 4a%eria/e" (e (ureza 4e(iaK @J e"%e 42%o(o e" a,/ia$/e o) iua/ 2?i%o ,ara /o" 4a%eria/e" $/a)(o" * (uro"H * "o$re %o(o ,ara /o" e)"a*o" (e ,ro$e%a" (e/a(a" * /a" a,a" "u,er#iia/e".

Lo" )4ero" 1V * 1B "o) era)o" e) "u 'a/or a$"o/u%o (e$i(o a /a iua/(a( (e/ 9)u/o (e/ '2r%ie (e /a ,ir94i(e a/ 9)u/o e)%re /a" %a)e)%e" a /a $o/a ,ara e/ a"o (e u)a 7ue//a i(ea/ ua)(o (  :H3< D. E"%a o)"i(erai8) "ir'e (e $a"e ,ara (e%er4i)ar E/a$ora(o ,or Ga$rie/ Ca//e * E(i"o) 1e)ao e/ 'a/or (e/ 9)u/o (e/ '2r%ie (e /a ,ir94i(e e"%9)(ar   ;3=. La (e4o"%rai8) (e e"%e 7e7o ,ue(e 'er"e e) e/ a)e?o ;. E/ e"%9)(ar ASTM E - (e#i)e /a (ureza Vi!er" o4o u) 42%o(o (e e)"a*o ,or i)(e)%ai8) ,or e/ ua/H o) e/ u"o (e u)a 490ui)a a/i$ra(aH "e #uerza u) i)(e)%a(or ,ira4i(a/ (e $a"e ua(ra(a 0ue %ie)e u) 9)u/o e)%re ara" e",e+#ioH $a6o u)a ara ,re(e%er4i)a(aH o)%ra /a "u,er#iie (e/ 4a%eria/ a "er e)"a*a(o * "e 4i(e /a (iao)a/ re"u/%a)%e (e /a i4,re"i8) /ueo (e re4o'er /a ara. iura . So$re e/ e)"a*o (e Vier!" %o4a(o (e/ e"%9)(ar ASTM E-J E/ "e)%i(o #+"io (e/ )4ero (e (ureza Vi!er" e" a)9/oo a 1B. La 4a)i%u( (e 1V e" %a4$i2) u) e"#uerzo o)'e)io)a/ 4e(io e) /a zo)a (e o)%a%o (e/ i)(e)%a(orH 4ue"%ra * "ue/e ara%erizar /a re"i"%e)ia (e/ 4a%eria/ a /a (e#or4ai8) ,/9"%ia o)"i(era$/e. Co) $a"e e) e"%o&

(o)(e ( e" /a 4e(ia ari%42%ia (e /a" (iao)a/e" (; * (. La (e(ui8) (e /a #8r4u/a (e 9/u/o (e/ 9rea A (e /a i4,ro)%a ,ira4i(a/H ,ue(e 'er"e e) e/ a)e?o ;. De$i(o a 0ue e/ 'a/or (e/ 9)u/o  e" o)"%a%e e iua/ a ;3=H e) /a ,r9%ia "e u"a /a "iuie)%e #8r4u/a (e %ra$a6o

E/ 42%o(o e"%9)(ar "e rea/iza $a6o /a" "iuie)%e" o)(iio)e"&  I)(e)%a(or Pir94i(e (e (ia4a)%e   ;3= Cara PJ& ;...;: !# Durai8) (e /a ara %J& ;: ... ;< "  E/ )4ero (e (ureza Vi!er" "e (e)o%a o4o 1V. E6e4,/o& @@: 1V 3:  E"%a )o%ai8) i)(ia u)a (ureza Vi!er" (e @@: $a6o ara (e 3: !#. A,/ia(a ,or  u) %ie4,o (e ;: a ;< ".

Procedimiento

Pa"o "

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.-

3.-

De"ri,i8)

Ilustración

Se 'eri#ia 0ue e/ (ur84e%ro e"%e )i'e/a(oH "e o/oa e) /a ,eri//a orre",o)(ie)%e e/ 'a/or (e au4e)%o" 0ue orre",o)(e a/ o$6e%i'o (e/ 4iro"o,io * e/ %i,o (e (ureza a(eua(a 'i!er"J H * "e ,roe(e a o/oar e) /a ,/a%a#or4a /a ,ro$e%a * a e)#oar /a ,ieza ,or o) /a 4a)i'e/a (e ,o"iio)a4ie)%o 'er%ia/H e"%o "e 'eri#ia o) u) 'er(e i)%e)"o * "o/i(o ,or e/ ou/ar (e/ 4iro"o,io Se ira e/ o$6e%i'o ,ara o/oar e/ i(e)%a(or 6u"%o "o$re /a ,ro$e%aH * "e ,re"io)a e/ $o%8) (e i)iio. ;< "eu)(o" (e",u2"H "e 4o"%rara e/ 'a/or (e (ureza e) /a ,a)%a//a #i J

E"%e 'a/or "e ,ue(e o4,ro$ar 4i(ie)(o e/ %a4ao (e /a i(e)%aio) e)era(a. Para e"%o "e u%i/iza) u)a" ,e0uea" /a4i)a" 0ue "e ,ue(e) a,reiar ,or e/ 4iro"o,ioH u%i/iza)(o /a" ,eri//a" a a4$o" /a(o" (e/ ou/ar "e ,ue(e) 4o'er  e"%a" /a4i)a" "i4u/%9)ea4e)%e o u)a re",e%o a /a o%raH ,ara a6u"%ar/a" a/ %a4ao (e /a i(e)%ai8) #i 3J. U)a 'ez 7e7o e"%oH "e ,re"io)a e/ $o%8) (e/ /a(o (ere7o (e/ ou/ar ,ara uar(ar /a 4e(i(aH "e ira : ra(o" * "e re,i%e e/ ,roe"oH ,ara %e)er /a" 4e(i(a" (e /a"  (iao)a/e" (e /a i(e)%ai8) ua(ra(a

Fig.2 Fig.3

U)a 'ez o$%e)i(a" /a" 4e(i(a" "e ,ue(e a/u/ar /a (ureza o) /a #or4u/a a(eua(aH * "e ,ue(e orro$orar 0ue e"%e 'a/or oi)i(e o) e/ arro6a(o ,or e/ (ur84e%ro.

@.-

Re"u/%a(o". Re"u/%a(o e",era(o. La (ureza e",era(a ,ara e/ e)"a*o era (e& -

:3 1V Q-

Re"u/%a(o o$%e)i(o.

Da%o" o$%e)i(o" (e /a ,rue$a. Di94e%ro ; Di94e%ro  Pro4e(io 34 <.<4 @.< 4 Tra)"#or4a)(o a 4i/+4e%ro" 3?;:-3 44 <.
Mo(e/o 4a%e49%io.

 HV =

1.8544  P

d

2

1V Dureza Vi!er". (,ro4e(io (e /a" (iao)a/e" Para 3: FJ

 HV 

=

( ) ( 284.25  x 10− 3)   1.8544 30

2

 HV  =688.53

Conclusiones

Gar+a Ca4,uza)o E(ar I"rae/. Se o$"er'8 /a i4,or%a)ia (e /a ,re,arai8) (e/ 4a%eria/ a)%e" (e "o4e%er/o a e"%a ,rue$aH ,ue"%o 0ue "e )ee"i%a rea/izar u) ,u/i(o e",e6o ,ara 0ue /a /uz (e/ 4iro"o,io "e re#/e6e ,er#e%a4e)%e. E" "u4a4e)%e i4,or%a)%e rea/izar e/ ,roe(i4ie)%o (e u)a 4a)era or(e)a(aH *a 0ue "i )o e" a"+ "e ,o(r+a) (aa ,ar%e (e/ 4a%eria/H o4o "o) /o" ri"%a/e" o) /o" ua/e" %e %o4a) /a" 4e(i(a" (e /a" (iao)a/e" (e /a i)(e)%ai8). E" 49" o4,/e6o 0ue e/ e)"a*o (e (ureza Ro!e// 0ue )o re0uiere o)oi4ie)%o" e",eia/e". Bra'o 1errera A)(r2" ra)i"o Se o)/u*e 0ue /a ,rue$a (e (ureza Vi!er" #u)io)a (e 4a)era e#iie)%e o4o u) o4,/e4e)%o ,ara (ureza" 4a*ore" a /a" a(4i%i(a" ,or e/ e)"a*o (e (ureza Bri)e//H * 0ue /a" ,ro$e%a" 0ue "e u%i/iza) e) e"%e e)"a*o (e$e) (e "er /94i)a" ,ara 0ue e/ re"u/%a(o "ea #ia$/e.  A/ "er u)a ,rue$a (e (ureza 49" ,rei"a * o) u)a i)'a"i8) e) /a ,ieza ,r9%ia4e)%e (e",reia$/eH "e %or)a %a4$i2) 49" (e/ia(a * ,or e//o e" 0ue e" #u)(a4e)%a/ o)oer e/ ,roe(i4ie)%o orre%o ,ara o$%e)er /a (urezaH (e /o o)%rario "e ,ue(e (aar e/ i)"%ru4e)%o * e/ e)"a*o ,ue(e arro6ar u) re"u/%a(o err8)eo.

Mo)%e" (e Oa Ca4aro Noe 5a#e%

Se ,u(o 'er 0ue /a ,rue$a (e (ureza Vi!er" e" (e "u4a i4,or%a)ia e) ier%a" i)e)ier+a" *a 0ue e" u)a ,rue$a (e 4iro(ureza * )o e" (e"%ru%i'aH %a4$i2) "e o$"er'8 0ue e" u)a ,rue$a $a"%a)%e ,rei"a *a 0ue /a 4e(ii8) (e /a i)(e)%aio) e) e/ 4a%eria/ e"%a e) 4ira". La" ara%er+"%ia" #+"ia" (e /a ,ro$e%a (e$e) "er  o)"i(era(a" *a 0ue ,or /o e)era/ ,ara /a" ,rue$a" (e 4iro(ureza /a" ,ro$e%a" "o) /94i)a". La ,rei"i8) (e e"%a ,rue$a 7ae 0ue e/ u"uario (e/ e0ui,o %e)a 0ue "er  ui(a(o"o a/ o,erar/o * "euir /o" ,roe"o" (e auer(o a /a )or4aH (e /o o)%rario "e ,o(r+a (aar e/ e0ui,o (e u)a 4a)era "i)i#ia%i'a * "u" /e%ura" ,o(r+a) "er  err8)ea" o i)/u"o ,o(r+a //ear a (e6ar (e #u)io)ar. Ra)e/ Mar%i)ez 1e%or A/e6a)(ro. La ,rue$a (e (ureza Vi!er" e" ,ra%ia ua)(o 7a$/a4o" (e ,rue$a" (e (ureza 0ue 0uere4o" 0ue ,a"e) (e"a,eri$i(a".  A/ iua/ 0ue %o(a" /a" ,rue$a" (e (ureza (e$e4o" o)"i(erar /a a/i$rai8) (e/ (ur84e%ro * /a )i'e/ai8) (e/ 4i"4oH (e /a 4i"4a 4a)era 0ue e) /a" (e49" ,rue$a" (e$e4o" %e)er ,reaui8) e) /a "u,er#iie (e )ue"%ra ,iezaH a$e rea/ar 0ue e"%a ,rue$a /a ou,a4o"H e) "u 4a*or+aH ,ara ,ieza" /a4i)are" o e) ,ieza" 0ue )o 0uere4o" 0ue "e )o%e /a ,rue$a (e (ureza. E) /a ,rue$a (e Vi!er" (e$e4o" ,re"%ar a%e)i8) a/ 4o4e)%o (e a/i)ear /o" ri"%a/e" 0ue rea/izara) /a 4e(ii8)H e"%e e" e/ ,u)%o 4a" i4,or%a)%e ,ue" (e$e4o" %e)er e",eia/ ui(a(o e) )o 7aer 0ue 7o0ue) ,ara 0ue )o "e ro4,a). A (e49" (e e"%o a,re)(+ /a i4,or%a)ia 0ue %ie)e e/ e)#o0ue orre%o (e /a ,ieza ,ara 0ue )ue"%ro i(e)%a(or )o 7o0ue o) )ue"%ra ,ieza. E) e"%a ,rue$a a,re)(+ 0ue e" u)a ,rue$a )o o4,/e6a ,ero "i e?%e)"aH (e$e4o" %o4ar e) ue)%a #a%ore" o4o /a /uzH e/ e)#o0ue (e/ ou/arH /o" au4e)%o" (e/ ou/arH e/ %ie4,o 0ue "e a,/iara /a ara * /a ara 4i"4a. E/ o)oer e"%a ,rue$a (e (ureza )o" (a u)a 4e6or o,i8) ,ara (i#ere)%e" %i,o" (e ,ieza". !e"erencias #iblio$r%"icas y Electrónicas

I)%ro(ui8) a /a 4e%a/uria #+"iaH Seu)(a e(ii8)H au%or& S*()e* 1. A')er  7%%,&.a"%4.orS%a)(ar("E3@.7%4 Cie)ia e i)e)ier+a (e /o" 4a%eria/e"H Cuar%a e(ii8)H au%or& Do)a/( R. A"!e/a)(.