Praktikum Radiasi Benda Hitam

111Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 PENGUKURAN INTENSITAS INTENSITAS RADIASI BENDA HITAM SEBAGAI FUNGSI SUHU HUKUM STEFAN! B"#T$MANN% An&i Ri'(a)%* E+i Me+ia* Muha,,a& -u'ria&i -u'ria&i Dah+an* 'iti Nur+iana Ha' #a.oratoriu, Fi'i(a Mo&ern /uru'an Fi'i(a FMIPA Uni0er'ita' Neeri Ma(a''ar  Abstrak. Te+ah &i+a(u(an e('peri,en 2an .er3u&u+ penu(uran inten'ita' ra&ia'i .en&a hita, 'e.aai 4un'i 'uhu Hu(u, Ste4an!Bo+t5,an%6 E('peri,en E('peri,en ini .ertu3uan untu( ,enu(ur inten'ita' ra&ia'i re+ati4% 'e.uah  .en&a hita, pa&a rentan 'uhu 788 oC9 :88 oC &enan ter,opi+e Mo++* ,enentu(an hu.unan antara inten'ita' ra&ia'i &enan 'uhu ,ut+a( Hu(u, Ste4an!Bo+t5,ann%6 A+at &an .ahan 2an &iuna(an untu( ,encapai tu3uan e('peri,en ini 2aitu Satu'et a+at e('peri,en pro&u('i #e2.o+& G,BH* 1 PC &enan 'i'te, opera'i ;in&o<' => atau 2an +e.ih tini &an pera+atan 2an ,en&u(un e('peri,en ini6 Pro'e' pena,.i+an &ata pa&a e('peri,en 2aitu Mena,ati peru.ahan inten'ita' ra&ia'i 'e.aai 4un'i (enai(an 'uhu 'a,pai 'uhu ,encapai &i ata' ?@88C untu( ,u+ai ,ere(a, &ata* &an ,e+a(u(an pere(a,an &ata 'a,pai 'uhu turun ,en3a&i @88C6 ,eto&e 2an &iuna(an &iuna(an untu( ,e,.u(ti( ,e,.u(ti(an an apa(ah apa(ah inten'ita' inten'ita' .er.an&in .er.an&in +uru' &enan te,peratur te,peratur .erpan(at .erpan(at ? &an ,enentu(an (on'tanta pen&ininan ne
KATA KATA KUNCI: Hu(u, Ste4an!Bo+t5,an*Pan(at SuhuMut+a(* Kon'tanta pen&ininan Ne
Ra&ia'i .en&a hita, ,erupa(an 'a+ah 'atu te(a!te(i .e'ar 4i'i(a 2an ,en3a&i pe,icu ter3 ter3a& a&in in2 2a re0o re0o+u +u'i 'i &a+a &a+a, , .i&a .i&an n 4i'i 4i'i(a (a66 Re0o Re0o+u +u'i 'i ini ini ,e+a ,e+ahi hir( r(an an 4i'i 4i'i(a (a (uan (uantu tu, ,6 Pene Pene+i +iti tian an tenta tentan n ra&ia ra&ia'i 'i .en& .en&aa hita hita, , ,e+i.at(an .an2a( 'e(a+i i+,u
inte inten' n'it ita' a' 'pe( 'pe(tr tru, u, ini ini .er .eran antu tun n pa&a pa&a  pan3an e+o,.an16 A&a+ah A&a+ah /o'e4 /o'e4 Ste4an Ste4an 1>7@ 1>7@!1> !1>=7% =7% &i ienn iennaa pa&a pa&a tahun tahun 1>:= 1>:= 2an 2an perta, perta,aa (a+i (a+i ,ene ,ene, ,u(an u(an .ah< .ah??!1 1>??!1=8 =8%% 'a+ah 'a+ah 'eoran 'eoran  to(oh to(oh  perinti' ,e(ani(a 'tati'ti( 2an ,enena+(an (on' (on'ep ep tekanan tekanan radiasi radiasi** ,enun3u((an ,enun3u((an .ah
TEORI

Seti Setiap ap .en& .en&aa Inten'ita' ra&ia'i

,era ,era&i &ia' a'i( i(an an pana pana'6 '6 pana' .er'i4at

e+e(tro,aneti(% .erta,.ah &enan  .erta,.ahn2a 'uhu .en&a* 'erta .erantun  pa&a 'i4at per,u(aann2a6 Pa&a pan3an e+o,.an tertentu* 'e,a(in .e'ar ra&ia'i  pana' 2an &ipancar(an* ,a(a 'e,a(in .e'ar  ra&ia'i pana' 2an &i'erap o+eh .en&a ter'e.ut6 Ben&a 2an ,en2erap ra&ia'i pana' pa&a 'e+uruh pan3an e+o,.an &i'e.ut .en&a hita,6 #u.an (eci+ pa&a 'e.uah .en&a  .erona .erperi+a(u 'e.aai .en&a hita, 'e,purna aa'an ini perta,a (a+i &i(e,u(a(an o+eh Kirchho44%1 Hu(u, Ste4an!Bo+t5,ann ,en2ata(an  .ah
=

σ T 

Ke,u&ian ,enhu.un(an 'e+uruh (o,ponen a+at (e 'u,.er teanan P#N ter,a'u( (o,puter6 Men3a+an(an po,pa air  &an ,e,a'ti(an pipa (aret &ari a+iran air  terhu.un &enan .ai( (e o0en pe,ana'6 Me,.iar(an po,pa ,ena+ir 'e+a,a (uran +e.ih  ,enit 'e.e+u, ,en2a+a(an o0en6 Men2a+a(an o0en +i'tri( &an .iar(an 'uhu o0en nai( hina @88 oC6 Suhu ini a(an tera,ati &i +a2ar (o,puter6 Men(+i( i(on CASS- pa&a (o,puter  'a,pai .erte,u &enan ta,pi+an 'eperti pa&a a,.ar 6 Untu( ,en3a+an(an 'e+uruh perintah CASS-6 Mena(ti4(an 'en'or 'uhu NiCr!Ni &an (ota( µ6 Menatur rentan penu(uran 'uhu &ari 8oC !188oC &an teanan !7 'a,pai 76

?

1% !> ⋅ Denan   @*: 18 ;,K ?  (on'tanta Ste4an!Bo+t5,ann% 6 Pa&a 'aat 2an .er'a,aan .en&a hita, 3ua ,en2erap ra&ia'i &ari +in(unann2a6 Ma(a 2an &iu(ur .u(an+ah M ,e+ain(an M 2a(ni ra&ia'i 2an &i'erap &ari +in(unan6 Ra&ia'i 2an &ipancar(an o+eh +in(unan ini &itu+i'(an 'e.aai  M o

=

?

σ T o

Gambar 16 Ran(aian a+at perco.aan ra&ia'i  .en&a hita,

Denan &e,i(ian &ipero+eh*  M J

=

(

σ  T

?

−

?

T o

) 7%

16

METODOLOGI EKSPERIMEN Da+a, perco.aan ini ,enuna(an  .e.erapa a+at &an .ahan ter&iri Satu 'et a+at e('peri,en pro&u('i #e2.o+& G,BH* 2an ter&iri ata' "0en +i'tri( untu( teanan 78 * A'e'ori .en&a hita,* Safety connection box with ground, Sen'or CASS-* CASS- #a.* A&aptor NiCr!Ni* Sen'or te,peratur NiCr!Ni 1*@ ,,* Bo(' * Ter,o4i+e Mo++* Bench opti(  (eci+* shortrod, Pen2ana .er.entu( * > c,*  Multiclamp Leybold, C+a,p uni0er'a+* Ka.e+  .erpa'anan 188 c,* ,erah.iru6 Ta,.ahanL1 PC &enan 'i'te, opera'i ;in&o<' => atau 2an +e.ih tini6 Pera+atan +ain 2an &ire(o,en&a'i(anL Satui,,er'ion pu,p 1 * Satu+o
Gambar 26 Ta,pi+an ,enu CASS- &an Pen2ete+an 'en'or 'uhu &an teanan

Mena,ati peru.ahan inten'ita' ra&ia'i 'e.aai 4un'i (enai(an 'uhu 'a,pai 'uhu ,encapai &i ata' ??88Cuntu( ,u+ai ,ere(a, &ata6 Data a(antere(a, (e &a+a, Ece+* ,e+a(u(an pere(a,an &ata 'a,pai 'uhu turun ,en3a&i @88C6 Pa&a 'aat 'uhu .en&a ,encapai ??8 oC +a(u(an pere(a,an &ata &enan ,ene(an 'i,.o+ measurement   pa&a ,enu CASS- atau una(an (unci F=6 Menhenti(an re(a,an &ata 'aat 'uhu .en&a ,encapai @8 oC6 Men2i,pan&ata re(a,an &enan ,ene(an (unci F atau una(an 'i,.o+  save pa&a ,enu CASS-6

Gambar 3. Gra4i( hu.unan antara +o T terha&ap +o 

Ber&a'ar(an per'a,aan ari' &ari ra4i( &i  pero+eh

 y =mx + c  y = 4,537 x −16,65 Di,ana .er&a'ar(an teori te,peratur   .erpan(at ?* 'ehina 'ecara ra4i(

m= pangkat dari temperatu r m= 4,534  Nilai derajat kesalahan

HASIL EKSPERIMEN DAN ANALISA DATA •

Menentu(an .er.an&inan inten'ita' &enan 'uhu ,e,.u(ti(an inten'ita'  .er.an&in +uru' &enan 'uhu .erpan(at e,pat% 4

 I =eσ T 

 DK = R  DK =0,411

Sehina  DK =0,411  x 10 0

 DK =41  DK =0,41

Di,ana pa&a e('peri,en ini inten'ita' I%  teanan %

 Nilai kesalahan relatif 

4

 KR =100 − DK 

V =T 

4

log V  log T  =

 KR=100 −41

log V  4log T  =

log V  log T 

 KR =59 =

4  KR=0,59

Untu( ,en,.u(ti(an apa(ah inte'ita'  .er.an&in +uru' &enan pan(at ? &ari te,peratur ,a(a &i +a(u(an ana+i'i' ra4i(  antara te,peratur +o T% terha&ap teanan +o %6 0 2.4 -2

-6

∆ m= KR x m

∆ m= 0,59 x 4,537 ∆ m= 2,68

2.6

2.8

3

Sehingga

log V, (K) -4

 Nilai ∆m

 PF =|m ± ∆ m|

f(x) = 4.54x - 16.65 R² = 0.41

log T, (K)

 PF =|4,54 ± 2,68|   Ber&a'ar(an ana+i'i' ra4i(* &i pero+eh ni+ai inten'ita' .er.an&in +uru' &enan te,peratur .erpan(at ?*@? 6 ha+ ini ha,pir  ,en&e(ati ni+ai per.an&inan inte'tita'

&enan te,peratur 'e'uai &enan teori 2aitu .erpan(at ?6 Dan &ipero+eh (e'a+ahan re+ati4 2aitu ?1O6

•

Menentu(an ne
−

r= ro e r ro

ln

=

−

e

(on'tanta

pen&ininan

−

k =

ln

r r

t 

SIMPULAN

Ber&a'ar(an tu3uan &an e('peri,en 2an te+ah &i+a(u(an &i'i,pu+(an .ah
ha'i+ &apat

kt 

REERENSI r ro

kt 

=−

1 Su.aer* &((6 81?6 Penuntun Pra(ti(u, E('peri,en Fi'i(a I Unit #a.oratoriu, Fi'i(a Mo&ern /uru'an Fi'i(a FMIPA UNM6