Progress Test Name: Date: Mark:
1
Units 1 & 2
/ 80 marks
Reading Read the article about human emotions and behaviour.
A Scientific Look at Human Emotions and Behaviour Even though we look different and we believe in different things, we all have one thing in common – emotions. Psychologists and other experts have been researching the way we feel for over a hundred years. A In 1980, Robert Plutchik created the 'wheel of emotions'. This consisted of eight basic emotions that could be paired into four sets of opposites. These opposite pairs are joy and sadness, trust and disgust, fear and anger, and surprise and anticipation. He went further by classifying feelings, such as optimism, love, disappointment, aggression and a few more, as the results of emotions. He suggested that the eight basic emotions have existed since primitive times, and that they have evolved in order to increase the ability of all animals - not just humans - to survive when they have to deal with issues in their environments. An example of this is the fight-or-flight response. When we feel fear due to a threat, our brains are programmed to make the body react in certain ways. Our heart rate increases to pump more blood around the body and we breathe faster to get more oxygen into our blood. The blood then carries oxygen to the muscles, allowing them to work harder, and thus helping us to either fight or run away. B The concept of emotional intelligence was investigated in the famous marshmallow experiment conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. In the test, a group of four-yearold children were given a marshmallow and told they could eat it right away or they would get another one if they could wait for the researcher to return. Some children ate the marshmallow immediately; others waited for a short while before they ate it; while others waited for the researcher to come back about 15 minutes later. The researchers then followed the progress of each child into adolescence, and discovered that those with the ability to wait were better adjusted, more dependable, popular, confident, and adventurous than those who had given in to temptation; they also scored higher on school tests. The children who had not been able to wait were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated and stubborn, did not cope well with stress and were afraid of challenges. It became clear to researchers that the ability to fight an impulse is an important skill and a sign of emotional intelligence. Copyright © National Geographic Learning. Permission granted to photocopy for classroom use.
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C We know that certain illnesses are catching, but did you know that emotions are, too? This explains why we tend to feel happy around happy people and agitated around anxious people. Psychologists refer to this as 'emotional contagion' and it can be traced to a network of brain cells that form the Mirror Neuron System (MNS). Here's an example of how it works. When you see a smiling, happy person, your MNS notices activity in the muscles that pull the lips upwards and the ones that crease the sides of the eyes. The MNS will then signal your own smile muscles so that you too smile. Emotional contagion helped early humans to understand each other before the development of language and it is present from birth. For example, one crying baby will cause another baby to cry. Studies also show that infants mirror the facial expressions of their mothers, which suggests that they feel the same emotions, too, and that their MNS has recorded and reacted to the emotions of the mother. D The Monster Study was a stuttering experiment on 22 orphan children in the USA, in 1939 conducted by Wendell Johnson and Mary Tudor, a student of his at the University of Iowa. The children were told they were going to receive speech therapy and were divided into two groups. The real purpose of the experiment, however, was to create stuttering in healthy children and to see whether stutterers' speech would improve if they were told they spoke well. Tudor gave positive comments to one group of the children. She praised their speech and told them they were fine speakers. The second group, however, received the opposite treatment. They were informed that their speech was imperfect and that they stuttered. Many of the children who spoke normally, but received negative comments, developed speech problems that lasted for the rest of their lives. It was named 'The Monster Study' by some of Johnson’s colleagues who were horrified that he had experimented on orphan children to prove a theory, and the University of Iowa publicly apologised for the Monster Study in 2001.
Close-Up B2 Teacher’s Resource Pack Progress Test 1
5/16/12 10:11 AM
Read the article again to find the following information. Which section(s) mention(s)
a reward for certain behaviour?
1
some functions of the human brain?
2
copying another person's mood?
4
research that was criticised?
5
the importance of emotions for survival?
6
studies conducted on children?
7
a connection between character and academic success?
a specific survival mechanism?
Copyright © National Geographic Learning. Permission granted to photocopy for classroom use.
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3
8
9 10
Marks
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Close-Up B2 Teacher’s Resource Pack Progress Test 1
5/16/12 10:11 AM
Vocabulary A Complete the sentences with these words. anxiety disgust eagerness enthusiasm fear
fury joy misery optimism pride
1 The children couldn't hide their
2 My dad flew into a
3 The rescue workers witnessed terrible scenes of human of the earthquake.
4 Dario is the nervous type so stress and
when they got a cute little puppy for Christmas. when our new computer stopped working and the shop refused to repair it. when they were helping the survivors cause him to bite his nails.
5 I'm afraid I can't accompany you to the top of the tower because I have a
6 Eva felt a great sense of ceremony.
as she watched her daughter receive her degree at the graduation to help me with the shopping as he's usually extremely lazy.
7 I was surprised by Bob's
8 The demonstrators showed their anger and
9 Many young people have no
of heights.
at the behaviour of their useless politicians. and feel that there is nothing to hope for in the future.
10 After he split up with his girlfriend, Charlie lost his
for going out and having fun. Marks
B
Complete the sentences with the correct nationality words.
1
2 Most people think Rio de Janeiro is the Brazil is Brasilia.
3 Though Sweden is a member of the European Union, they don't use the euro. Their currency is the krona.
4 Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the out of India.
5 The Forbidden City in the capital of China, Beijing, was built between 1406 and 1420 and was the home of the emperors for almost 500 years.
are the tallest people in the world, with those in the north of the Netherlands about 6 The 2 cm taller than those in the south. Marks
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chocolate, watches and banks are just some of the things Switzerland is famous for. capital, but in actual fact, the capital city of
people in their struggle to throw the British
C
Replace the words in bold with these phrasal verbs in the correct form.
1 I was listening to music on my MP4 player and didn't hear the head teacher when she shouted my name.
2 'Stop crying and tell me what happened,' said my mother in a soft voice.
3 My best friend made me promise to visit before I left on my round-the-world trip.
4 After thinking about it very carefully, I got scared and decided not to go into the haunted house.
5 Mum told me that Mary had phoned me while I was out, so I will return her call.
6 'Don't worry! Be happy!' said my friend after I got my maths test back and found out I got a poor mark!
7 No one was really in the mood to go out last night, so we cancelled our plans for the cinema.
8 Helen finds it very difficult to express herself and she never discusses her feelings.
/6
bottle up call back call off call out call round calm down cheer up chicken out
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D Complete each sentence with one word.
1 Our company does a lot of
2 Just out of
3 The invention of ships played a huge
with factories in Asia and Australia. , I asked him how he felt about the situation he was in. in the development of international trade.
4 I couldn't put the mystery book down and I was in
5 The Romans built a(n)
6 It was with
from beginning to end.
that stretched across Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. that the manager announced the closing of the shop.
Marks Copyright National Geographic Learning. Permission granted to photocopy for classroom use. ©
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Close-Up B2 Teacher’s Resource Pack Progress Test 1
5/16/12 10:11 AM
Grammar E
Circle the correct words.
1 Angela is exhausted because she has worked / has been working very hard.
2 What's wrong, Jim? You look / are looking really sad.
3 Tina would be / used to be a happy child, but now she's a grumpy teenager!
4 Jason grabbed / was grabbing his bag and ran out of the room.
5 Ivana didn't eat / hasn't eaten Korean food before. I hope she likes it!
6 The girls stay / are staying with their grandmother for the time being.
F
Complete the sentences with one word in each gap.
1 We visit our relatives in Italy
2 No, I've
3 I
4 I don't know where Jill is now, but she was here five minutes
5 Sally hasn't finished her project on international trade
6 Before the Internet, people
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year. listened to Japanese music; is it nice?
to live by the sea and it was lovely there. . .
send letters, not emails.
G Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 The city of Rome
2 Many cultures today
3 I
4 We
5 Martha
6
7 Why
8 I'm afraid I
for over 2,500 years. (exist) similar myths and legends from the past. (share) for Joe for over an hour. I wonder why he's late. (wait) for some old books in the attic when we found grandma's old diary. (look) already
Europe twice and she's only ten years old. (visit)
to Shanghai when you were in China? (you/go) always
? Stop it! It's boring! (you/complain)
the answer to your question. (not know)
Marks
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H Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences.
Use the words in bold. You must use between two and five words including the word given.
1 When I was young, I liked reading comics, but I don't now. to
I
2 We moved here five years ago. for
We
been to a Japanese restaurant.
4 How long have they been in New York? arrive
When
five years.
3 Tom has never been to a Japanese restaurant before. the
It's
comics, but I don't now.
in New York?
5 The last time Jose saw Miguel was the day they won the championship. seen
Jose
the day they won the championship.
Marks
Copyright © National Geographic Learning. Permission granted to photocopy for classroom use.
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Close-Up B2 Teacher’s Resource Pack Progress Test 1
5/16/12 10:11 AM
Writing Choose one of the writing tasks below. 1 Your English speaking friend, Nigel, is thinking of travelling around your country. Read Nigel's email and the notes you have made. Then write an email to Nigel using all your notes. (120-150 words) email
From: Nigel Carruthers Sent: 19th April Subject: Travel
2 You have seen this announcement in an international magazine.
MY BEST FRIEND Tell us about your best friend and say what you like about him or her. We will publish the most interesting articles next month.
Hi! How are you? How were your exams?
Tell him
I've been thinking about visiting your country! I want to travel around and see as much of it as I can. I'd like to come in April or May. Is that a good time?
Write your article in 120-180 words in an appropriate style.
Yes, because …
I know you've been to many places there so I was wondering if you could recommend some for me to see. I particularly like historical sights.
Suggest
Also, can you tell me about some of the customs or traditions in your country? Will I be able to experience any while I'm there?
Yes, give details
One last thing, would you be able to travel with me? Reply soon, Nigel
No. Explain why. Marks
Copyright © National Geographic Learning. Permission granted to photocopy for classroom use.
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Close-Up B2 Teacher’s Resource Pack Progress Test 1
5/16/12 10:11 AM
