CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A. Backgroun Background d of the the study study For English language learners, there are four skills that every learners have to mast master er them them.. One One of them them is witi witing ng,, by writ writin ing, g, lear learne ners rs acqu acquir iree new new knowledge and vocabulary. Accord According ing to O’grady O’grady (!!", (!!", #.$%& #.$%& that affi'a affi'atio tion n is the domina dominant nt inflectional #rocess in language. ikewise, )ule (!!*, #.$$*& says that there are three ty#es of affi'es, an affi' is attached to the front of its base is called #refi' while an affi' is attached to the end of its base is termed a suffi'+ in the other side, an affi' is inserted after the first consonant the root to mark a com#leted event. ase on the e'#lanation above, #refi' in an affi' which is attached in front of word+ for e'am#le in deactivate, deactivate, an affi' de- is de- is attached in front of the verb activate. activate. Another kind of affi' is suffi', it is an affi' which attached in the end of word+ for e'am#le hunter , an affi' -er is is attached in the end of verb hunt . -he last, nfi' is an affi' is attached in the middle of word+ for e'am#le in -agalog language the word binili, binili, there is an infi' -in- is -in- is attached in the middle of verb bili. bili. Another e'am#le infi' in sundanesse language an affi' is attached in the middle of word barudak , an affi' -ru- is -ru- is attached in the middle of noun barudak .
B. Focus of the Study
n this study the writer will focus on analy/ing of verbs changing which ocour affi' in verb. -he writer will only e'#lain of verbs changing after obtaining #refi' or suffi'.
C. Statement of the Study n arranging this #a#er, the writer formulated the #roblem in the following research question is. 0 ow are the distribution of English derivational affi'es that
change verbs into nouns in international maga/ine for educational sciences and #ractice 1
D. Purpose of the Study
ased on the statement, #ur#ose of this study is to find the English derivational affi'es that changes verbs into nouns in international maga/ine for educational sciences and #ractice.
E. !gn!"cance of the tudy
-his research will give information and useful to understanding about the verbs changing. t may be used as the discussion in learning English. For English learners it can increase their new knowledge about the meaning, new vocabulary, and #art of s#eech.
F. Theoretical framework a. word
2ord is a smallest unit of meaning and synta' in a language. t has im#ortant rule in forming sentences. 3rystal (!!4, #."$& states, 52ord is a unit of e'#ression which has universal intuitive recognition by native s#eakers, both s#oken and written language6. n line with that, Arronof et al. (!!", #.78& #oint out, 52ord is to call them the smallest unit of synta' because many words cannot stand alone+ it has to begin or end with another words to make formation of language for build a sentence.6 From the e'#lanations above the writer concludes that word is the united synta' in the conversation or writing #roduct and it is im#ortant in language for analy/ing from element of words.
b. Free Morpheme and Bound Morpheme Free mor#heme is mor#hemes that can stand by themselves as
single word ()ule, !!*, #.*7&. n other word, Fromkin, 9odman, and 0yams, (!$8, #.8!& state, 5Free mor#hemes is whether they can stand alone or whether they must be attached to a base mor#heme6. For e'am#le the words of boy, open, girl, and man. esides that, there is a bound mor#heme. According to )ule (!!*, #.*7&, 5ound mor#hemes, which are those forms that cannot normally stand alone and are ty#ically attached to another form6. n addition, Fromkin, 9odman, and 0yams, (!$8, #.8!& #oint out, 5ound :or#hemes are never words by themselves but are always #arts of words6. E'em#lified as un-, -or , -ed , and -ing . -hese affi'es are bound mor#hemes and they are attached at the beginning
(#refi'&, the end (suffi'&, in the middle (infi'&, or both at the beginning and end (circumfi'& of a word.
c. ord Formation Processes 2ord as a #art of language has im#ortant rule in forming a
language. Every time #eo#le get more new words unless they know the way it ha##ens. -he meaning of new words form is influenced by the #rocess of forming a word. -his #rocess is usually called word formation #rocess. 2ord formation #rocess is a way forming new word such as+ etymology, coinage, borrowing, com#ounding, derivation, blending, cli##ing, back formation, conversion and acronym.
d. !nflection According to O’grady et al. (!!", #.$%&, 5nflection is the
modification of a word’s form to indicate grammatical information of various sort6. Furthemore, )ule (!!*, #.*8& states, 5nflectional mor#hemes are not used to #roduce new word in the language, but rather to indicate as#ects of the grammatical function of a word6. For e'am#le, the English #lural suffi'es -s in pencil-s is an inflectional suffi'es because it distinguishes the #lural form pencils from the singular form pencil. Pencils and pencil are thus different grammatical form of the same le'eme. e. Deri"ation n mor#hological study, the #rocess to #roduces new words form
can be found in derivation #rocess. O’grady et al. (!!", #.$$4&,
5;erivation is an affi'ational #rocess that forms a word with a meaning and
f.
#ffi$es. An affi' is mor#heme wich only occurs when attached to some
other mor#heme or mor#homes such as a root or stem or base (=atamba, $>>7, #.88&. t is attached to the based form of a word to create a new word. -here are two ty#es of affi'es used in derivational, #refi' and suffi'.
%. Prefi$es. A #refi' is an affi' attached before a root or s tem or base like?, un?,
and in?(=atamba, $>>7, #.88&. For e'am#le un?, (unhappy, unsatisfied &, and re? (replay, retell &.
h. Suffi$es. A suffi' is an affi' attached after root (or stem or base& like @ ly, ?er,
-ist, -s, -ing and –ed (=atamba, $>>7, #.88&. -he e'am#les in English of
suffi' mor#hemes are ?er (dancer, maker, reader &, ?ing (walking, standing, jumping &, and ?ness (happiness, sadness, goodness&.
i.
Definition of Ma%a&ine.
:aga/ines are #ublications, usually #eriodical #ublications, that are #rinted or electronically #ublished (the online versions are called online maga/ines.& -hey are generally #ublished on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content. -hey are generall y financed by advertising, by a #urchase #rice, by #re#aid subscri#tions, or a combination of the three. At its root, the word maga/ine refers to a collection or storage location. n the case of written #ublication, it is a collection of written articles. -his e'#lains why maga/ine #ublications share the word root with gun#owder maga/ines, artillery maga/ines, firearms maga/ines, and, in various languages although not English, retail stores such as de#artment stores.
'. (esearch Methodolo%y ). (esearch Method
-his study uses qualitative method in the frame of case study. Bualitative research is often called naturalistic research because the research is done in natural condition where the researcher is as the key of instrument itself (Cugiyono, !!*, #. $"&. -he data that related to this research are collected from the international maga/ine for education sciences and #ractice and others su##orted sources.
*. !nstrument
Cugiyono (!!*, #.$"& states, 5where the researcher is as the key of instrument itself6, so the instrument of this research is the writer as the subDect of the study by reading and understanding the references which su##ort this study.
+. The Procedure of Data Collectin% n collecting the data, the writer will do several ste#s as follows
a. 9eading the maga/ine international for educational sciences and #ractice. b. -he writer lists words of derivational affi'es which found in international maga/ine for educational sciences and #ractice.
,. Procedure of Data #nalysis
After the data have been collected, following #rocedure are taken for analy/ing the data, the writer will do several ste#s as follows a. -he writer makes the table based on the ty#es of derivational affi'es.
b. Analy/e and classify the selected affi'es words by categori/ing them into the ty#es of derivational affi'es. c. ;escribes the reasearch findings based on the research questions. d. -hen after the methodologies have done, the writer made the conclusion and suggestion based on the data of analysis.
B!B-!'(#P/0
Acquiescence. (!!$"&. n Merriam-Websters online dictionary. 9etrived from htt#<
Arikunto, Cuharsimi. (!$!&. Prosedur penelitian edisi revisi !"#". akarta, ;= 9ineka 3i#ta
Arronof, :ark and =risten Fudeman. (!!"&. What is Morphology$. 3arlton , Gictoria lackwell Hublishing.
auer, aurie. (!!&. %nglish Word-&ormation. 3ambridge, ondon 3ambridge Iniversity Hress.
3rystal, ;. (!!4&. ' (ictionary of )inguistics and Phonetics. *i+th %dition. 3arlton, Gictoria lackwell Hublishing.
Finegan, Edward. (!!4&. )anguage ts *tructure and se. oston, ICA -homson 2adsworth.
Fraenkel, ack J 2allen Korman (!!4&. ow to (esign and %valuate /esearch in %ducation. Kew )ork, K) :cLraw?0ill.
Fromkin, 9obert 9odman, J Kina 0yams, Gictoria (!$8&. 'n introduction to )anguage. 0enth %dition. Kew )ork, K) :ichael 9osenberg.
0ocket, F. 3. ($>"4&. ' 1ourse in Modern )inguistics. Kew )ork, K) -he :acmillan 3om#any.
0ulban, 0oria. (!!$&. *yntheses in %nglish le+icology and *emantics. C#anda 3ambridge :ass.
=atamba, Francis. ($>>7&. Morphology. Lreat ritain :acmillan Hress, .td.
evy, Haul C, and emeshow, Ctainey. (!!4&. /esearch *uccesful 'pproaches. Kew )ork, K) American ;ietetic Association.
O’Lrady, 2illiam and ohn Archibald. (Eds&. (!!"& 1ontemporary )inguistics &ifth %dition. 0arlow, Ease' edford
Hlag, ngo. (!!&. Word &ormation in %nglish. Kew )ork, K) 3ambridge Iniversity Hress.
Cugiyono. (!!*&. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. andung, abar Alfabeta.
)ule, Leorge. (!!*&. 0he *tudy of )anguage. Kew )ork, K) 3ambridge Iniversity Hress. htt#s<
#1 #1#-0S!S F DE(!2#T!1#- #FF!3ES F41D !1 #1 !1TE(1#T!1#- M#'#5!1E F( ED4C#T!1#- SC!E1CES #1D P(#CT!CE
A #a#er Cubmitted to the English Educational Hrogram Faculty of -eacher -raining and Educational Ccience ogor bn =haldun Iniversity As a Hartial Fulfillment of the 9equirements for *arjana ;egree
By 6 M4/#MM#D #-F!5#1 #D!B 1#4F#))*))*)78+9
EKLC0 E;I3A-OKA H9OL9A: FA3I-) OF -EA30E9C -9AKKL AK; E;I3A-OKA C3EK3E OLO9 K =0A;IK IKGE9C-) !$"