ANALISIS STRATEGI RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA X DALAM MENGHADAPI ASURANSI KESEHATAN NASIONAL
PROPOSAL TESIS
Disusun oleh
MU’ALLIM HAWARI 20111030110
PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA MAGISTER MANAJEMEN RUMAH SAKIT UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA 2013
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PROPOSAL TESIS
ANALISIS STRATEGI RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA X DALAM MENGHADAPI ASURANSI KESEHATAN NASINAL
Diaj!a" O#$%& MU'ALLIM HAWARI 20111030110
Ta"((a#)
Ja"a*i 2013
D+,$" P$-.i-.i"()
/* A*#i"a D$i) MK$,) AAAK
ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PROPOSAL TESIS
ANALISIS STRATEGI RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA X DALAM MENGHADAPI ASURANSI KESEHATAN NASINAL
Diaj!a" O#$%& MU'ALLIM HAWARI 20111030110
Ta"((a#)
Ja"a*i 2013
D+,$" P$-.i-.i"()
/* A*#i"a D$i) MK$,) AAAK
ii
PERNYATAAN
Den!"n ini s"#" $en#"%"&"n '"h(" %esis ini 'u&"n $e)u*"&"n h"sil *l"!i"% &"%" o)"n! l"in+ $el"in&"n $el"in&"n h"sil &")#" &")#" s"#" sen,i)i ,"n 'elu$ *e)n"h ,i%e)'i%&"n ,i%e)'i%&"n oleh *ih"& $"n"*un- De$i&i"n *e)n#"%""n ini s"#" 'u"% ,en!"n se'en").'en")n#" ,"n "*"'il" ,i&e$u,i"n h")i "," #"n! $en!&l"i$ '"h(" &")#" ini ","l"h $ili& o)"n! l"in l"in ,"n ,i'en" ,i'en")&" )&"n n se/")" se/")" hu&u$ hu&u$++ $"&" $"&" s"#" s"#" 'e)se, 'e)se,i" i" ,i%un% ,i%un%u% u% 'e),"s 'e),"s")& ")&"n "n hu&u$ #"n! 'e)l"&u ,i In,onesi"-
o!#"&")%"+
"nu")i 2013
"n! $e$'u"% Pe)n#"%""n
MU’ALLIM HAWARI 20111030110
iii
DA4TAR ISI LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGESAHAN ii PERNYATAANiii DA4TAR ISI ISI i5 i5 DA4TAR GAMBAR GAMBAR 5i 5i DA4TAR TABEL TABEL 5ii BAB I PENDAHULUAN PENDAHULUAN 1 1 A.Latar Belakang....... Belakang................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ......................... .............. 1 B.Masalah Penelitian.........................................................................................5 C.Tujuan C.Tujuan Penelitian.. Penelitian............ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .....................................5 ..........................5 D.Manfaat D.Manfaat Penelitian.... Penelitian.............. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................. ...................... 6 E.Keaslian E.Keaslian Penelitian.... Penelitian............... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......................................... .............................. . 6
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA PUSTAKA 6 6 A.Asuransi A.Asuransi Kesehatan Kesehatan Nasional....... Nasional................. ..................... ..................... ..................... .................................. ....................... 1.Definisi.. 1.Definisi............ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................. .................. !.A"a"# !.A"a"# Tujuan $an Prinsi% Prinsi% Pen&elenggaraa Pen&elenggaraan........... n.............................................16 ..................................16 '.Mekanis(e Pen&elengaraan )iste( *a(inan )osial Nasional.................1 +.Lan$asan Konstitusi Pelaksanaan )*)N..................................................!1 B.Analisis ),-T.............................................................................................!! C.Kerangka C.Kerangka Konse%.......... Konse%..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................................... ......................... '
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN PENELITIAN 32 32 A.Desain A.Desain Penelitian.. Penelitian............ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................... ........................ '! B.)u/&ek B.)u/&ek Penelitian..... Penelitian............... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ......................................... .............................. '! C.Teknik Pengu(%ulan Data...........................................................................'' 1.,a0anara... 1.,a0anara.............. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............................'' ..................'' !.2ous 3rou% Disussion 423D................................................................'+ '.-/serasi..................................................................................................'5 D.Meto$e D.Meto$e Analisis Analisis Data................ Data.......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......................... ............... '6 E.Lokasi Penelitian..........................................................................................'6
DA4TAR PUSTAKA PUSTAKA 37 37
i
DA4TAR GAMBAR
Ga-.a* 1 P*+,$, a"a#i,i, SWOT 28 Ga-.a* 2 Ka*a" A"a#i,i, SWOT Ka"9i9a9i:27 Ga-.a* 3 K$*a"(!a K+",$;31
i
DA4TAR TABEL
Ta.$# 1 Ma9*i< A"a#i,i, SWOT2= Ta.$# 2 Ma9*i!, SWOT K$a*",28 Ta.$# 3 A"a#i,i, SWOT Ka"9i9a9i: 27
ii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A La9a* B$#a!a"(
Menu)u% ","n Pus"% S%"%is%i& 4PS5+ 6u$l"h *en,u,u& In,onesi" *"," %"hun 2011 ini ","l"h 237-891-328 6i("- Den!"n *o*ul"si se'es") i%u In,onesi" $en,u,u&i *e)in!&"% &e e$*"% ne!")" ,en!"n 6u$l"h *en,u,u& %e)'es") ,i ,uni" ,i '"("h RR:+ In,i" ,"n A$e)i&" Se)i&"%- u$l"h *en,u,u& $is&in 4*en,u,u& ,en!"n *en!elu")"n *e) &"*i%" *e) 'ul"n ,i '"("h !")is &e$is&in"n5 ,i In,onesi" *"," M")e% 2011 $en/"*"i 30+02 6u%" o)"n! 412+9; *e)sen5+ %u)un 1+00 6u%" o)"n! 40+<9 *e)sen5 ,i'"n,in!&"n ,en!"n *en,u,u& $is&in *"," M")e% 2010 #"n! se'es") 31+02 6u%" o)"n! 413+33 *e)sen5u$l"h *en,u,u& ,i In,onesi" #"n! $en/"*"i 237 6u%" *en,u,u&+ 'elu$ se$u"n#" %e)6"n!&"u oleh 6"$in"n &eseh"%"n- Rin/i"n /"&u*"n *"," multiple scheme coverage 2011+ $en#"%"&"n '"h(" AMKESMAS $en/"&u* 78-900-000 6i(" 432+27=5+ AMSSTEK $en/"&u* >->8<-180 6i(" 42+38=5+ ASKES PNS ,"n TNI PLRI 17-20>->18 6i(" 47+2;=5+ AMKES leh *e)us"h""n 1>-3>1->32 48+>1=5+ ASURANSI SWASTA ,"n LAIN >-<99-7<; 42+9<=5+ AMKESDA 32-;<3-31< 413+;<=5+ 'elu$ $e$*un#"i 6"$in"n
<7-0>>-320 438+<<=5- D")i
,"%" ,i"%"s ,"*"% ,i&e%"hui '"h(" *"," %"hun 2011 6u$l"h *en,u,u& #"n! 'elu$ $e$*un#"i 6"$in"n &eseh"%"n #"i%u se'es") 38+<< =- H"l ini $enun6u&"n '"h(" %el"h %e)6",i *enu)un"n 6u$l"h *en,u,u& #"n! 'elu$ $e$*un#"i 6"$in"n &eseh"%"n ,i %"hun 2010 #"i%u se'es") 90+;3=- 4KEMENKES RI+ 20125
1
2
D"%" ,"%" %e)se'u% ,i"%"s $enun6u&&"n h"n#" se'"!i"n &e/il $"s#")"&"% #"n! $e$ili&i 6"$in"n &eseh"%"n 4PNS+ Pensiun"n+ ?e%e)"n+ se'"!"in &e/il *e!"("i *e!"("i @o)$"l+ TNIPLRI se'"!i"n &e/il "su)"nsi s("s%" ,"n *e$'i"#""n $i&)o5- Se'"!i"n 'es") )""% 'elu$ $e$*e)oleh *e)lin,un!"n #"n! $e$","iM"n@""% #"n! ,i'e)i&"n "%"s 6"$in"n &eseh"%"n 'e)"!"$ 'en%u&n#"+ 'elu$ ","n#" &es"$""n ,"n 'e)&e",il"n ,i&")en"&"n 'elu$ $"$*u $e$'e)i&"n *e)lin,un!"n #"n! ",il ,"n $e$","i &e*"," *")" *ese)%" sesu"i ,en!"n $"n@""% *)o!)"$ #"n! $en6",i h"& *ese)%"- Pe)lu sin&)onis"si *en#elen!!")""n 'e)'"!"i 'en%u& 6"$in"n sosi"l #"n! ,il"&s"n"&"n oleh 'e'e)"*" *en#elen!!")" "!") ,"*"% $en6"n!&"u &e*ese)%""n #"n! le'ih lu"s se)%" $e$'e)i&"n $"n@""% #"n! le'ih 'es") '"!i se%i"* *ese)%" $el"lui su"%u Sis%e$ "$in"n Sosi"l N"sion"lSis%e$ *e$'i"#""n *"," *e)io,e se'elu$ *el"&s"n""n SSN 'e)'e," ,en!"n *e)io,e SSN *"," %"hun 2019- P"," s""% ini sis%e$ *e$'"#")"nn#" ","l"h fee for service "&"n %e%"*i *"," *el"&s"n""n SSN sis%e$ *e$'"#")"n *un 'e)u'"h $en6",i sis%e$ 6"$in"n sosi"l se*e)%i *"," ne!")" e)$"n- P"," *e$'"#")"n fee for service "%"u out of pocket $"&" *"sien "&"n $e$'"#") se%el"h 6"s" *el"#"n"n &e*"," Ru$"h S"&i%+ "&"n %e%"*i *"," sis%e$ #"n! "&"n ,"%"n! )u$"h s"&i% "&"n $en,"*"%&"n h"&n#" ,en!"n /")" &l"i$ "%"u le'ih se)in! ,ise'u% sis%e$ Case-mix &e*"," ","n Pen#elen!!")" "$in"n Sosi"l 4PS5Sis%e$ fee for service se/")" sin!&"% ,i")%i&"n se'"!"i sis%e$ *e$'"#")"n 'e),"s")&"n l"#"n"n+ ,i$"n" *en/")i l"#"n"n &eseh"%"n 'e)o'"% l"lu $e$'"#") &e*"," *e$'e)i *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n 4PPK5- PPK 4,o&%e) "%"u )u$"h s"&i%5 $en,"*"%&"n *en,"*"%"n 'e),"s")&"n "%"s *el"#"n"n #"n! ,i'e)i&"n+ se$"&in
3
'"n#"& #"n! ,il"#"ni+ se$"&in '"n#"& *ul" *en,"*"%"n #"n! ,i%e)i$"Se'"!i"n 'es") $"s#")"&"% In,onesi" s""% ini $"sih 'e)!"n%un! *"," sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n se/")" Fee for Service ini- D")i l"*o)"n World Health Organization ,i %"hun 2008 se'"!i"n 'es") 470=5 $"s#")"&"% In,onesi" $"sih 'e)!"n%un! *"," sis%e$+ Fee for Service ,"n h"n#" <+9= #"n! ,"*"% $en!i&u%i sis%e$ He"l%h Insu)"n/e 4WH+ 200;5- Kele$"h"n sis%e$ Fee for Service ","l"h %e)'u&"n#" *elu"n! '"!i *ih"& *e$'e)i *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n 4PPK5 un%u& $e$"n@""%&"n hu'un!"n Agency elationship + ,i$"n" PPK $en,"*"% i$'"l"n 'e)u*" u"n! 6"s" $e,i& un%u& *el"#"n"n #"n! ,i'e)i&"nn#" &e*"," *"sien #"n! 'es").&e/iln#" ,i%en%u&"n ,")i ne!osi"si- Se$"&in '"n#"& 6u$l"h *"sien #"n! ,i%"n!"ni+ se$"&in 'es") *ul" i$'"l"n #"n! "&"n ,i,"*"% ,")i 6"s" $e,i& #"n! ,i%"!ih&"n &e *"sien- Den!"n ,e$i&i"n+ se/")" %i,"& l"n!sun! PPK ,i,o)on! un%u& $enin!&"%&"n ?olu$e *el"#"n"nn#" *"," *"sien un%u& $en,"*"%&"n i$'"l"n 6"s" #"n! le'ih '"n#"& 4Gu@)on+20095Sis%e$ *"," @"se *el"&s"n""n SSN ","l"h sis%e$ Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l+ "!"& 'e)'e," ,en!"n sis%e$ NHS 4N"%ion"l He"l%h Se)?i/es5 #"n! ,i'e)l"&u&"n ,i In!!)is- Sis%e$ #"n! *en,"n""nn#" 'e)"s"l ,")i *)e$i *ese)%" #"n! $e)u*"&"n selu)uh (")n" ne!")" In,onesi" &e/u"li $"s#")"&"% $is&in #"n! *)e$i ,i%"n!!un! *e$e)in%"h- D"l"$ sis%e$ %e)se'u% sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n $en!!un"&"n prospective
payment le'ih
%e*"%n#"
case-mix
#"n!
$"n"
"*li&"sin#" $en!!un"&"n sis%e$ INA :Gs+ #"n! se'elu$n#" $en!!un"&"n INA DRG #"n! su,"h h"'is $"s" 'e)l"&un#"- Dih")"*&"n ,en!"n sis%e$ #"n!
9
B'")u $"&" %i,"& "," l"!i *"sien #"n! $e$'"#") ,en!"n out of pocket + ,"n *"," "&hi)n#" selu)uh $"s#")"&"% $en,"*"%&"n *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n #"n! l"#"&Pel"&s"n""n ,")i Sis%e$ "$in"n Sosi"l N"sion"l i%u sen,i)i ,i$ul"i 1 "nu")i 2019- Pel"&s"n" ,")i SSN ","l"h Ru$"h s"&i% i%u sen,i)i- D"l"$ h"l ini )u$"h s"&i% h")us $e$*e)si"*&"n ,i)i ,"l"$ $en!h","*i SSN 2019- D"l"$ i$*le$en%"si SSN ,i )u$"h s"&i%+ )u$"h s"&i% h")us $enil"i &e$"$*u"n in%e)n"l )u$"h s"&i% sen,i)i+ ,"n $enil"i @"&%o) e&s%e)n"l )u$"h s"&i%An"lisis &e$"$*u"n in%e)n"l ,"n e&s%e)n"l )u$"h s"&i% ,"*"% ,il"&u&"n ,en!"n $en!!un"&"n $e%o,e "n"lisis SWT 4s%)en!%h+ (e"&ness+ o**o)%uni%#+ %h)e"%s5- An"lisis SWT ","l"h "n"lisis &on,isi in%e)n"l $"u*un e&s%e)n"l su"%u o)!"nis"si #"n! sel"n6u%n#" "&"n ,i!un"&"n se'"!"i ,"s") un%u& $e)"n/"n! s%)"%e!i ,"n *)o!)"$ &e)6"- An"lisis in%e)n"l $eli*u%i *eni"i"n %e)h","* @"&%o) &e&u"%"n 4S%)en!%h5 ,"n &ele$"h"n 4We"&ness5- Se$en%")"+ "n"lisis e&s%e)n"l $en/"&u* @"&%o) *elu"n! 4**o)%uni%#5 ,"n %"n%"n!"n 4Th)e"%hs5H"sil ,")i "n"lisis %e)se'u% ,i!un"&"n ,"l"$ $enen%u&"n s)"%e!i ,"l"$ $en!h","*i SSN 2019- P"," "&hi)n#" "&"n 'e)u6un! *"," &esi"*"n Ru$"h S"&i% %e)se'u%- D"l"$ *el"&s"n""n SSN ,i$un!&in&"n "&"n %i$'ul 'e'e)"*" $"s"l"h- e'e)"*" issue #"n! /u&u* &u"% ","l"h *e)%"$" *en!!un""n o'"% 'e),"s")&"n in,i&"si $e,is ,"n %i,"& "," *e)'e,""n "n%") &el"s+ &e,u" $enin!&"%n#" *en!!un" &el"s III sesu"i ,en!"n *)insin SSN+ &e%i!" %i,"& ","n#" *e)'e,""n 6"s" $e,is "n%") &el"s+ &ee$*"% "lu) &l"i$ ,")i )u$"h s"&i% &e*"," PS &")en" se'elu$ ,i%e)"*&"nn#" SSN )u$"h s"&i% $"sih $e$ili&i *e$"su&"n ,")i out of pocket *"sien+ se,"n!&"n ,en!"n 'e)l"&un#" SSN $"&"
>
se$u" *"sien $en!!un"&"n 6"$in"n ,"n %i,"& "," out of pocket h"l %e)se'u% 'e)&"i%"n ,en!"n 'i"#" o*e)"sion"l ,")i se%i"* Ru$"h S"&i%+ &e/e*"%"n ,"n 'es")n#" &l"i$ 6u!" $e)u*"&"n *e)$"s"l"h"n %e)sen,i)i+ &eli$" &en,"li $u%u ,en!"n sis%e$ diagnostic related group ,"n sis%e$ out of pocket leh &")en" i%u+ 'e),"s")&"n *e)$"s"l"h"n ,i"%"s *enulis $e$u%us&"n un%u& $eneli%i h"l %e)se'u% ,i"%"s ,en!"n 6u,ul *eneli%i"n C ANALISIS STRATEGI RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA X MENGHADAPI ASURANSI KESEHATAN NASINAL 2019 -
B Ma,a#a% P$"$#i9ia"
1- "!"i$"n" &esi"*"n )u$"h s"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 2019 2- "!"i$"n" s%)"%e!i )u$"h s"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 2019
C Tja" P$"$#i9ia"
1- Tu6u"n U$u$ "- Un%u& $en!"n"lis" &esi"*"n Ru$"h S"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 2019 '- Un%u& $en!"n"lis" s%)"%e!i Ru$"h S"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 2019
8
2- Tu6u"n Khusus "- Un%u& $en!"n"lisis &e&u"%"n Ru$"h S"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 2019 '- Un%u& $en!"n"lisis &ele$"h"n Ru$"h S"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 2019 /- Un%u& $en!"n"lisis &ese$*"%"n Ru$"h S"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 2019 ,- Un%u& $en!"n"lisis h"$'"%"n Ru$"h S"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 2019
D Ma":aa9 P$"$#i9ia"
1- M"n@""% *eneli%i"n un%u& *eneli%i Di6",i&"n '"h"n *e$'el"6")"n ,"l"$ $en"$'"h ("("s"n &eil$u"n ,i 'i,"n! 6"$in"n sosi"l n"sion"l2- M"n@""% *eneli%i"n un%u& )u$"h s"&i% Di6",i&"n '"h"n *e)%i$'"n!"n un%u& *e)en/"n""n s%)"%e!i $en!h","*i Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 2019 3- M"n@""% *eneli%i"n un%u& *"s/" s")6"n" Di6",i&"n '"h"n )e@e)ensi un%u& *eneli%i"n se)u*"
E K$a,#ia" P$"$#i9ia"
e'e)"*" *eneli%i"n %en%"n! sis%e$ 6"$in"n &eseh"%"n "n%")" l"in
7
1- C!he "ntroduction of the #niversal Coverage of Health Care $olicy in !hailand % $olicy esponsesC Si)i("n Pi%i#")"n!s")i%+ 2010- Peneli%i"n ini 'e)%u6u"n un%u& $en!"n"lisis $olicy esponses ,")i *el"&s"n""n #niversal Coverage ,i Th"il"n,- H"sil ,")i *eneli%i"n %e)se'u% $en#"%"&"n '"h(" $"sih '"n#"& *e)%en%"n!"n "n%")" *")" 'i)o&)"% ,i Th"il"n,+ ,"n *e)$"s"l"h"n %e&nis #"n! %e)6",i ,"l"$ i$*le$en%"si #niversal Coverage- Pe)'e,""n ,en!"n *eneli%i"n #"n! "&"n ,il"&u&"n ","l"h le?el "n"lisisn#"+ #"i%u *"," *eneli%i"n ,i"%"s "n"lisis ,il"&u&"n *"," %in!&"% *e$e)in%"h+ se,"n!&"n *eneli%i"n #"n! "&"n ,il"&u&"n ","l"h *"," le?el )u$"h s"&i% se'"!"i *el"&s"n"!. CI$*le$en%"si
Ke'i6"&"n
P)o!)"$
"$in"n
Keseh"%"n
M"s#")"&"%
4AMKESMAS5 ,i Ke/"$"%"n "n#u$"ni& Se$")"n! A)!o "s&o)o Suson!&o F S)i Su(i%)i+ 2011- Peneli%i"n %e)se'u% $en!"n"lis" ,"#" %"n!!"* ,"n si&"* $"s#")"&"% %e)h","* i$*le$en%"si AMKESMAS+ ,en!"n h"sil *eneli%i"n ","n#" *en!")uh *osi%i@ ,"n si!ni@i&"n "n%")" ,"#" %"n!!"* ,"n si&"* $"s#")"&"% %e)h","* i$*le$en%"si *)o!)"$ AMKESMAS- Pe)'e,""n ,en!"n *eneli%i"n #"n! "&"n ,il"&u&"n ","l"h le?el "n"lisis *"," *eneli%i"n %e)se'u% ","l"h *"," le?el $"s#")"&"% se'"!"i &onsu$en+ *"," *eneli%i"n #"n! "&"n ,il"&u&"n ","l"h *"," le?el *el"&s"n" &e'i6"&"n #"i%u )u$"h s"&i%3-
C!he &'uity "mpact Of #niversal Coverage % Health Care Finence( Catasthrophic
&xpenditure(
#tilization And
)overment
Su*sidies
"n
!hailand C Li$("%%"n"non S+ ,&&- 2011- Menil"i ,"$*"& eui%"s ,")i *ene)"*"n U: *"," *en#e'""n ,is%)i'usi $"n@""% *en!!un""n 6"s" *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n- e'"n e&ono$i *"," *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n ,"n *e)lin,un!"n ,)i
<
)esi&o 'i"#" *e)"("%"n $e,is #"n! $"h"l- H"siln#" ,is%)i'usi 'e'"n e&ono$i #"n! se%")" se'elu$ "%"u*un se%el"h U:+ *en!elu")"n 'i"#" ou% o@ *o/&e% le'ih )en,"h+ Su'si,i *u'li& ,"n *el"#"n"n #"n! *)o )""% $is&in-+ $enu)unn#" *e$'"#")"n ou% o@ *o/&e% un%u& *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n- Pe)'e,""n *eneli%i"n %e)se'u% ,en!"n *eneli%i"n
#"n! "&"n ,il"&u&"n ","l"h timing
*enil"i"n ,"n #"n! ,i"n"lisis &")en" #"n! ,i"n"lisis ","l"h ,"$*"& #niversal coverage+-
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A A,*a",i K$,$%a9a" Na,i+"a# 1 D$:i"i,i Is%il"h Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n N"sion"l 4AKN5 "%"u ,ational Health "nsurance 4NHI5 &ini se$"&in '"n#"& ,i!un"&"n ,i ,uni"- In!!)is $e)u*"&"n ne!")" *e)%"$" #"n! $e$*e)&en"l&"n AKN ,i %"hun 1;11 4HIAA+ 1;;75W"l"u*un sis%e$ &eseh"%"n ,i In!!)is le'ih ,i&en"l ,en!"n is%il"h ,ational Health Service 4NHS5 su"%u sis%e$ &eseh"%"n #"n! ,i,"n"i ,"n ,i&elol" oleh *e$e)in%"h se/")" n"sion"l 4%i,"& %e),esen%)"lis"si5+ n"$un si@"% *en!elol""n#" $e)u*"&"n AKN #"n! se'"!i"n ,i'i"#"i ,")i &on%)i'usi ("6i' oleh %en"!" &e)6" 4%e)$"su& ,i se&%o) in@o)$"l5 ,"n *e$'e)i &e)6"- Sis%e$ ,i In!!)is %e)se'u% ,ise'u% NHS &")en" *en#"lu)"n ,"n"n#" $el"lui "n!!")"n 'el"n6" ne!")" #"n! se'"!i"n 'es") 'e)su$'e) *"6"& u$u$ 4tax-funded 5- Pe$'"#")"n *"6"& #"n! %i,"& $e$is"h&"n se/")" &husus ,"n" un%u& &eseh"%"n se*e)%i #"n! se'elu$n#" %e)6",i $en6",i&"n sis%e$ ,i In!!)is %e)se'u% le'ih ,i&en"l ,en!"n is%il"h NHS ,i'"n,in! AKN:"&u*"n &e*ese)%""n ,en!"n NHS ","l"h uni?e)s"l #"i%u selu)uh *en,u,u& 4uni?e)s"l /o?e)"!e5 &")en" &e*ese)%""n %i,"& ,i&"i%&"n ,en!"n iu)"n oleh $"sin!.$"sin! *ese)%"- "n#"& ne!")" l"in ,i E)o*" #"n! 6u!" $e$ili&i /"&u*"n uni?e)s"l $en!!un"&"n sis%e$ NHS #"n! $en!i&u%i *ol" In!!)is 4Dion A "n, Mossi"los E+ 20025- H"&e&"%n#" '"i& NHS $"u*un AKN $e$*un#"i
;
10
%u6u"n #"n! s"$" #"i%u $en6"$in '"h(" selu)uh *en,u,u& $en,"*"%&"n *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n sesu"i ,en!"n &e'u%uh"n $e,is %"n*" $e$*e)%i$'"n!&"n &e$"$*u"n e&ono$in#"- Pe)'e,""n NHS ,"n AKN %e)le%"& *"," $e&"nis$e *en,"n""n- AKN le'ih 'e)%u$*u *"," &on%)i'usi &husus #"n! 'e)si@"% ("6i' 4#"n! e&i?"len ,en!"n *"6"&5 ,"n ,i&elol" se/")" %e)*is"h ,")i "n!!")"n 'el"n6" ne!")"+ '"i& ,i&elol" l"n!sun! oleh *e$e)in%"h $"u*un oleh su"%u '","n &u"si *e$e)in%"h #"n! o%ono$ W"l"u*un AKN $e$*un#"i &es"$""n *)insi* ,"n %u6u"n+ n"$un *en#elen!!")""nn#" ,i ,uni" s"n!"% 'e)?")i"si- K"n"," $e$*e)&en"l&"n AKN #"n! &ini ,ise'u% Me,i/")e ,i %"hun 1;81 ,en!"n *)insi* ,"s") $en6"$in "&ses uni?e)s"l+ *o)%"'el+ *"&e% 6"$in"n #"n! s"$" '"!i se$u" *en,u,u& ,"n ,il"&s"n"&"n o%ono$ ,i %i"* *)o*insi- Pen,"n""n AKN $e)u*"&"n &o$'in"si ,")i &on%)i'usi ("6i' ,"n su'si,i ,")i "n!!")"n *e$e)in%"h *us"%- P"," "("ln#"+ h"n#" )"("% in"* #"n! ,i6"$in oleh AKN- P"," %"hun 1;72+ *"&e% 6"$in"n ,i*e)lu"s ,en!"n )"("% 6"l"n- Kini selu)uh *en,u,u& K"n"," $eni&$"%i *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n &o$*)ehensi@ %"n*" h")us $e$i&i)&"n 'e)"*" 'es") 'i"#" #"n! h")us $e)e&" &elu")&"n ,")i &"n%on! sen,i)i '"h&"n un%u& *en#"&i% 'e)"% se&"li*une'e)"*" 6enis *el"#"n"n )u$"h s"&i% ,"n o'"% #"n! %i,"& %e)$"su& &l"si@i&"si esensi"l+ ,i6"$in AKN- Inil"h #"n! $en6",i *"n!s" *"s") "su)"nsi &eseh"%"n &o$e)si"l 4 Tuoh# :H+ 20025- Pe)"n us"h" "su)"nsi &eseh"%"n &o$e)si"l %e)'"%"s *"," $en6"$in h"l.h"l #"n! %i,"& ,i6"$in AKN "%"u ,i&en"l ,en!"n "su)"nsi %"$'"h"nsu*le$en-
11
Sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n se/")" !")is 'es") ,"*"% ,i'e,"&"n $en6",i 9 &elo$*o&- Pe)%"$"+ 'e)u*" sis%e$ *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n n"sion"l 4 ,ational Health Service,HS 5 se*e)%i ,i In!!)is ,"n M"l"#si" #"n! su$'e) *e$'i"#""n#" 'e)%u$*u *"," *"6"&- Ke,u"+ sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n #"n! ,ise)"h&"n *"," $e&"nis$e *"s") ,en!"n "su)"nsi &eseh"%"n *)o@i%.&o$e)si"l se'"!"i *il") u%"$"n#" se*e)%i ,i A$e)i&"- Ke%i!"+ sis%e$ "su)"nsi &eseh"%"n sosi"l se*e)%i ,i e)$"n+ el"n,"+ Pe)"n/is+ e*"n!+ Ko)e" ,"n T"i("n- Kee$*"%+ sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n sosi"lis #"n! ,i%e)"*&"n ,i ne!")".ne!")" sosi"lis.&o$unis se*e)%i Rusi" ,"n :in"Dilih"% ,")i *e$'"#") ,"n *e$'e)i *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n &"i%"nn#" ,en!"n *e$e)in%"h ,"n s("s%"+ $"&" ,"*"% 'e)u*" *e$'"#") *e$e)in%"h ,"n *el"&s"n" *e$'e)i *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n *e$e)in%"h+ *e$'"#") *e$e)in%"h ,"n *e$'e)i *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n s("s%"+ *e$'"#") s("s%" ,"n *e$'e)i *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n s("s%" ,"n *e$'"#") s("s%" *e$'e)i *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n *e$e)in%"h sel"in i%u %en%u %e),"*"% 'en%u& /"$*u)"n "n%")" *e$e)in%"h ,"n s("s%" 4 pu*lic-privatemix5- Se,"n!&"n ,ilih"% ,")i su$'e) *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n ,"*"% 'e)"s"l ,")i *"6"& ,en!"n 'e)'"!"i 6enis ,"n ?")i"sin#"+ "su)"nsi &eseh"%"n '"i& sosi"l ,"n &o$e)si"l+ *in6"$"n+ %"'un!"n+ ,on"%u) &e$"nusi""n+ su$'"n!"n'"n%u"n ,llD")i 'e)'"!"i su,u% *e)%i$'"n!"n '"i& ,")i "s*e& *enen%u &e'i6"&"n+ unsu) *en%in! sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n ,"n )e"li%"s l"*"n!"n $"&" ")"h )e@o)$"si sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n #"n! 'e)'"sis "su)"nsi &eseh"%"n sosi"l "&"n $e)u*"&"n *ilih"n #"n! %e*"%- Sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n se*e)%i NHS In!!)is "%"u M"l"#si" #"n! 'e)%u$*u *"6"& "&"n suli% ,i%e)"*&"n ,i In,onesi"- K")en"
12
&en#"%""n ,i l"*"n!"n $enun6u&&"n $"sih se,i&i%n#" *e$'"#") *"6"& ,"n %e)'"%"sn#" 6u$l"h *e$ili& NPWP- Sis%e$ "n!!")"n #"n! ,i%e)"*&"n sel"$" ini /en,e)un! se*e)%i NHS+ %e%"*i &")en" &e%e)'"%"s"n &e$"$*u"n *e$e)in%"h+ sis%e$ ini %i,"& 'e)6"l"n se'"!"i$"n" $es%in#"- Di s"$*in! i%u sis%e$ #"n! 'e)%u$*u *"," "n!!")"n s"n!"% %e)!"n%un! s%"'ili%"s &eu"n!"n ne!")" 6u!" *")" *e$'u"% &e'i6"&"n %e)$"su& *")" "n!!o%" De("n #"n! %e)ho)$"% #"n! sel"lu 'e)u'"h sesu"i $"s" 6"'"%"n ,"n o)ien%"si *oli%i&n#" %e)h","* &eseh"%"n- Di sisi l"in+ &e'u%uh"n &eseh"%"n i%u sen,i)i %i,"& $"u &o$*)o$i ,en!"n si%u"si &eu"n!"n ne!")" ,"n $"s" 6"'"%"n "n!!o%" De("n- Sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n #"n! 'e)%u$*u *"," $e&"nis$e *"s") ,en!"n "su)"nsi &o$e)si"ln#" se'"!"i *"hl"("n+ %e)n#"%" %e)'u&%i %i,"& e@isien+ %i,"& $e)"%" ,"n &u)"n! 'e)&e",il"nA$e)i&" se'"!"i ne!")" *en!"nu% sis%e$ ini $en!elu")&"n 'i"#" &eseh"%"n *e) o)"n! %e)%in!!i ,en!"n outcome %in!&"% &eseh"%"n $"s#")"&"%n#" #"n! )el"%i@ )en,"h- Mes&i*un se/")" $"n"6e$en $i&)o o)!"nis"si )u$"h s"&i% A$e)i&" /u&u* un!!ul+ %e%"*i se/")" $"&)o h"sil *)oses u*"#" &eseh"%"n &eselu)uh"n ,i A$e)i&" %e)n#"%" %e)%in!!"l ,i "n%")" ne!")".ne!")" $"6u l"in- "h&"n "n!&" &e$"%i"n '"#i*un le'ih %in!!i ,")i*"," ne!")" Ku'" #"n! sel"$" e$*"% ,e&",e $en!"l"$i 'lo&",e e&ono$i ,")i A$e)i&"- Den!"n sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n #"n! 'e)%u$*u "," $e&"ni$se *"s")+ %e)n#"%" $en!"&i'"%&"n le'ih ,")i 3< 6u%" *en,u,u& ,i A$e)i&" %i,"& $en,"*"%&"n 6"$in"n &eseh"%"n 4"l,o)+ 1;;85 leh &")en" i%u+ &"l"u*un sis%e$ ini ,i"nu% $"&" *e)lin,un!"n &e*"," &elo$*o& $"s#")"&"% $is&in se*e)%i *)o!)"$ .edicaid ,i A$e)i&" h")us ,i'"n!un %e)le'ih ,"hulu- Sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n sosi"lis.&o$unis 6el"s
13
&u)"n! sesu"i ,en!"n "%$os@e) $"s#")"&"% In,onesi"- Di s"$*in! ne!")" ne!")" #"n! $ene)"*&"n sis%e$ sosi"lis &o$unis *un su,"h $ul"i $enin!!"l&"nn#" se*e)%i #"n! %e)6",i ,i E)o*" Ti$u)- Den!"n ,e$i&"n se/")" &onse*%u"l sis%e$ *e$'i"#""n #"n! 'e)'"sis "su)"nsi &eseh"%"n sosi"l $e)u*"&"n *ilih"n #"n! le'ih %e*"%- Ten%u ,is",")i+ *"," ,"%")"n i$*le$en%"si $"sih $en#is"&"n *e&e)6""n )u$"h #"n! /u&u* 'e)"% ,"n h")us /e*"% ,i"%"si+ $is"ln#" %en%"n! *enen%u"n )"n/"n!"n $"&)o+ 6u$l"h+ si@"%+ 'en%u& ,"n %in!&"%"n '","n *en#elen!!")" "su)"nsi6"$in"n &eseh"%"n #"n! le'ih e@isien ,"n e@e&%i@- Te)$"su& 6u!" se!e)" ,i"$'il
&e*u%us"n
%en%"n!
*enen%u"n
*"&e%
*el"#"n"n+
'es")"n
*)e$i+
*en!u$*ul"n+ $e%o,e *e$'"#")"n+ *e)"n ,"e)"h ,"n l"in.l"in sehin!!" ,i,"*"%&"n *e$enuh"n *e)s#")"%"n %e)l"&s"n"n#" sis%e$ "su)"nsi &eseh"%"n sosi"l ,en!"n '"i&- Se'"!"i /on%oh ,"l"$ *enen%u"n *"&e% *el"#"n"n+ "*"&"h ,i*ilih *"&e% *el"#"n"n $"h"l &"%"s%)o@i& se*e)%i 'e,"h 6"n%un!+ he$o,i"lisis+ AIDS un%u& $en#el"$"%&"n 6i(" se'"!i"n &e/il $"s#")"&"% "%"u&"h *"&e% *el"#"n"n le'ih se,e)h"n" se*e)%i ,i")e+ ,e$"$ 'e),")"h+ $"l")i"+ %u'e)&ulosis un%u& $en#el"$"%&"n 6i(" se'"!i"n 'es") $"s#")"&"% Men6",i *e)%"n#""n *ul" ,i sini 6i(" si"*"+ &"l"n!"n "%"s "%"u &"l"n!"n '"("h 4Gu@)on+ 20095 Se/")" !lo'"l *e$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n ,i In,onesi" se'"!"i ne!")" 'e)&e$'"n! %i,"& h"n#" 'e)!"n%un! *"," *e$e)in%"h s"6" %e%"*i 6u!" $eli'"%&"n se&%o) s("s%"- Pe$'i"#""n &eseh"%"n ,i In,onesi" /u&u* $e$*)ih"%in&"n+ *e$'i"#""n se*enuhn#" $el"lui "n!!")"n 'el"n6" ne!")" %i,"& 'is" ,i"n,"l&"nSehin!!" "l%e)n"%i@ #"n! *"lin! )"sion"l ,"n relia*le 4,"*"% ,i"n,"l&"n un%u& 6"n!&" *"n6"n! ,"n 'e)&el"n6u%"n5 ","l"h ,en!"n $e&"nis$e "su)"nsi sosi"l-
19
Al%e)n"%i@ sis%e$ *en,"n""n $el"lui $e&"nis$e "su)"nsi sosi"l se'"!"i s"l"h s"%u 'en%u& )e@o)$"si *e$'i"#""n se&%o) &eseh"%"n ,i In,onesi"+ ,ih")"*&"n $el"lui $e&"nis$e ini ,"*"% $en6",i solusi '"!i *enin!&"%"n $u%u *el"#"n"n $"u*un &e%e)6"n!&"u"n *el"#"n"n '"!i $"s#")"&"% 4Mu)%i+ 20005 Asu)"nsi &eseh"%"n sosi"l ","l"h su"%u sis%e$ $"n"6e$en )isi&o sosi"l se*e)%i )isi&o &ehil"n!"n *en,"*"%"n "%"u 'i"#" &e'u%uh"n $e,is &")en" s"&i% #"n! )isi&o %e)se'u% ,i*",u&"n 4 pooled/ "%"u ,i*in,"h&"n ,")i in,i?i,u &e &elo$*o& ,en!"n &e*ese)%""nn#" #"n! 'e)si@"% ("6i'+ ,i$"n" &on%)i'usi ,i"%u) oleh *e)"%u)"n %"n*" $e$*e)h"%i&"n %in!&"% )isi&o in,i?i,u+ se,"n!&"n &on%)i'usi %e)&"i% ,en!"n *en,"*"%"n 4'i"s"n#" ,"l"$ 'en%u& *e)sen%"se *en,"*"%"n5+ 'e)o)ien%"si not-for profit un%u& $enin!&"%&"n &eseh"%"n ,"n &ese6"h%e)""n $"s#")"&"%+ ,i&elol" se/")" *)o@esion"l ,"n Csu)*lus ,i&e$'"li&"n l"!i &e $"s#")"&"% un%u& $e$'e)i&"n *el"#"n"n #"n! le'ih '"i& 4No)$"n "n, We'e)+ 1;;95D"l"$ "su)"nsi &eseh"%"n sosi"l seh")usn#" %i,"& ,i*e)&en"n&"n ","n#" *e)&e/u"li"n seseo)"n! %i,"& i&u% ,"l"$ *)o!)"$ %e)se'u%- H"l ini "&"n $e$*en!")uhi Crisk pooling $en6",i en/e)+ "*"l"!i 6i&" '"n#"& o)"n! #"n! %i,"& i&u% ,"l"$ *)o!)"$- leh &")en" &e*ese)%""n #"n! 'e)si@"% ("6i' ini $"&" se/")" %e&nis *e)"su)"nsi"n ,"*"% $e$enuhi hu&u$ 'il"n!"n '"n#"& 4 the la0 of large num*er 5+ $es&i*un %i,"& "," &e%en%u"n *"s%i %en%"n! 'e)"*" 6u$l"h '"n#"& i%uAsu)"nsi &eseh"%"n sosi"l ini $e$'"(" &onse&uensi #"n! &"#" $e$'"n%u #"n! $is&in+ #"n! $u," $e$'"n%u #"n! %u"+ #"n! seh"% $e$'"n%u #"n! s"&i%+ #"n! 'e)isi&o )en,"h $e$'"n%u 'e)isi&o %in!!i- H"l ini s"n!"% l"in ,en!"n "su)"nsi
1>
&eseh"%"n &o$e)si"l #"n! 'e)o)ien%"si *)o@i% ,"n %i,"& $e$un!&in&"n %e)6",in#" $e&"nis$e !o%on! )o#on! ,i "n%")" 'e)'"!"i ele$en l"*is"n $"s#")"&"% 4Gu@)on+ 20095 Menu)u% Roe$e) 41;;35 C "ndonesian health care system had *een identified as an entrepreneurial system and it is partially financed and delivered through pu*lic health care facilities consisting of health centers and pu*lic hospitals1+ Sehin!!" se*e)%i #"n! ,i6el"s&"n ,i"%"s $"sih %e),"*"% /"$*u)"n "n%")" *)o@i% ,"n non *)o@i% "&"n %e%"*i 'elu$ %e)6",i universal coverageSehin!!" ,ih")"*&"n ,en!"n *el"&s"n""n Sis%e$ "$in"n Sosi"l N"sion"l "&"n %e)6",i universal coverage- #niversal coverage ,i,e@inisi&"n se'"!"i securing access *y all citizens to appropriate promotive( preventive( curative( and reha*ilitative services at an afforda*le cost 4:"))in G+ ,&&- 200<5"$in"n sosi"l ","l"h s"l"h s"%u 'en%u& *e)lin,un!"n sosi"l un%u& $en6"$in selu)uh )""% "!") ,"*"% $e$enuhi &e'u%uh"n ,"s") hi,u*n#" #"n! l"#"&- UU No 90 2009 Ke'u%uh"n ,"s") hi,u* #"n! l"#"& #"n! ,i$"&su, oleh UU SSN ","l"h &e'u%uh"n essensi"l se%i"* o)"n! "!") ,"*"% hi,u* l"#"& ,e$i %e)(u6u,n#" &ese6"h%e)""n sosi"l '"!i selu)uh )""% in,onesi"- Sis%e$ "$in"n Sosi"l N"sion"l 4SSN5 ","l"h su"%u %"%" /")" *en#elen!!")""n *)o!)"$ 6"$in"n sosi"l
oleh
'e'e)"*"
'","n
*en#elen!!")""n
6"$in"n
sosi"l-
SSN
,iselen!!")"&"n 'e),"s")&"n "s"s &e$"nusi""n+ "s"s $"n@""%+ ,"n "s"s &e",il"n sosi"l '"!i selu)uh )""% In,onesi" 4Th"')"n#-+,&&+ 20085"$in"n sosi"l ,iselen!!")"&"n $el"lui $e&"nis$e Asu)"nsi Sosi"l #"i%u su"%u $e&"nis$e *en!u$ul"n ,"n" #"n! 'e)si@"% ("6i' #"n! 'e)"s"l ,")i iu)"n
18
4*)e$i5 !un" $e$'e)i&"n *e)lin,un!"n "%"s )esi&o sosi"l e&ono$i #"n! $eni$*" *ese)%" ,"n "%"u "n!!o%" &elu")!"n#" 4Th"')"n#-+,&&+ 20085- Asu)"nsi &eseh"%"n sosi"l ","l"h su"%u sis%e$ $"n"6e$en )isi&o sosi"l se*e)%i )isi&o &ehil"n!"n *en,"*"%"n "%"u 'i"#" &e'u%uh"n $e,is &")en" s"&i% #"n! )isi&o %e)se'u% ,i*",u&"n 4 pooled/ "%"u ,i*in,"h&"n ,")i in,i?i,u &e &elo$*o& ,en!"n &e*ese)%""nn#" #"n! 'e)si@"% ("6i'+ ,i$"n" &on%)i'usi ,i"%u) oleh *e)"%u)"n %"n*" $e$*e)h"%i&"n %in!&"% )isi&o in,i?i,u+ se,"n!&"n &on%)i'usi %e)&"i% ,en!"n *en,"*"%"n 4'i"s"n#" ,"l"$ 'en%u& *e)sen%"se *en,"*"%"n5+ 'e)o)ien%"si not-for profit un%u& $enin!&"%&"n &eseh"%"n ,"n &ese6"h%e)""n $"s#")"&"%+ ,i&elol" se/")" *)o@esion"l ,"n Csu)*lus ,i&e$'"li&"n l"!i &e $"s#")"&"% un%u& $e$'e)i&"n *el"#"n"n #"n! le'ih '"i& 4No)$"n "n, We'e)+ 1;;95
2 A>a>) Tja" a" P*i",i; P$"?$#$"((a*aa" Sis%e$
"$in"n
Sosi"l
N"sion"l
,iselen!!")"&"n
'e),"s")&"n
"s"s
&e$"nusi""n+ "s"s $"n@""% ,"n "s"s &e",il"n sosi"l '"!i selu)uh )""% in,onesi" 4Un,"n!.Un,"n! No-90 T"hun 2009 %en%"n! Sis%e$ "$in"n N"sion"l5 As"s &e$"nusi"n 'e)&"i%"n ,en!"n *en!h")!""n %e)h","* $"%"'"% $"nusi"As"s $"n@""% $e)u*"&"n "s"s #"n! 'e)si@"% o*e)"si"on"l $en!!"$'")&"n *en!elol""n #"n! e@esien ,"n e@e&%i@- As"s &e",il"n $e)u*"&"n "s"s #"n! 'e)si@"% i,e"l- Ke%i!" "s"s %e)se'u% ,i$"&su,&"n un%u& $en6"$in &el"n!sun!"n *)o!)"$ ,"n h"& *ese)%" 4Th"')"n#-+,&&+ 20085SSN 'e)%u6u"n un%u& $el"&s"n"&"n "$"n"% *"s"l 2< H "#"% 435 ,"n *"s"l 39 "#"% 425 A$"n,e$en UUD 1;9>+ #"n! ,i%u"n!&"n ,"l"$ UU SSN #"n! $en!"%u) su's%"nsi 'e)u*" /"&u*"n &e*ese)%""n+ 'es")n#" iu)"n ,"n $"n@""%+
17
$e&"nis$e *en#elen!!")""n 6"$in"n sosi"l+ ,"n &ele$'"!""n sis%e$ 6"$in"n sosi"l#"n! 'e)l"&u n"sion"l !un" $e$'e)i&"n 6"$in"n %e)*enuhin#" &e'u%uh"n ,"s") hi,u* #"n! l"#"& '"!i se%i"* *ese)%" ,"n"%"u "n!!o%" &elu")!"n#" 4Un,"n!.Un,"n! No-90 T"hun 2009 %en%"n! Sis%e$ "$in"n N"sion"l5 Sis%e$
"$in"n
Sosi"l
,i)"n/"n!
un%u&
$"$*u
$ensisn&)on&"n
*en#elen!!")""n 'e)'"!"i 'en%u& 6"$nin"n sosi"l #"n! ,il"&s"n"&"n oleh 'e'e)"*" *en#elen!!")" "!") ,"*"% $e$'e)i&"n $"n@""% #"n! le'ih 'es") '"!i selu)uh *ese)%"- P)o!)"$ "$in"n Sosi"l ,iselen!!")"&"n ,en!"n $en!!un"&"n $e&"nis$e "su)"nsi sosi"l+ '"n%u"n sosi"l+ ,"n "%"u %"'un!"n ("6i' #"n! 'e)%u6u"n un%u& $ene#e,i"&"n 6"$in"n sosi"l '"!i selu)uh *en,u,u&+ !un" $e$enuhi &e'u%uh"n ,"s") #"n! l"#"& 4Th"')"n#-+,&&+ 20085Te),"*"% ; P)insis* Sis%e$ "$in"n Sosi"l N"sion"l 15 P)insi* Ke!o%on!.)o#on!"n P)insi* in ,i(u6u,&"n ,"l"$ $e&"nis$e !o%on! )o#on! ,")i *ese)%" #"n! $"$*u &e*"," *ese)%" #"n! &u)"n! $"$*u ,"l"$ 'en%u& &e*ese)%""n ("6i' '"!i selu)uh )""% *ese)%" #"n! 'e)esi&o )en,"h $e$'"n%u #"n! 'e)esi&o %in!!i ,"n *ese)%" #"n! seh"% $e$'"n%u *ese)%" #"n! s"&i%- Mel"lui *)insi* &e!o%on!.)o#on!"n ini+ 6"$in"n sosi"l ,"*"% $enu$'uh&"n &e",il"n sosi"l '"!i selu)uh )""% In,onesi"25 P)insi* Ni)l"'" Pen!elol""n ,"n" %i,"& ,i$"&su,&"n un%u& $en/")i l"'" 4ni)l"'"5 '"!i ","n Pen#elen!!")" "$in"n Sosi"l+ "&"n %e%"*i %u6u"n u%"$" *en#elen!!")""n 6"$in"n sosi"l ","l"h un%u& $e$enuhi se'es").'es")n#" &e*en%in!"n *ese)%"-
1<
H"sil *en!e$'"n!"nn#" ,"n su)*lus ,"n" "&"n ,i$"n@""%&"n se'es"). 'es")n#" un%u& &e*en%in!"n *ese)%"35 P)insi* Ke%e)'u&""n Me)u*"&"n su"%u &eh")us"n ,"l"$ 6"$in"n so"si"l &")en" ,"n" #"n! ,i&elol" $e)u*"n" ,"n" $ili& *ese)%" oleh &")en"n#" "&ses in@o)$"si #"n! len!&"*+ 'en") ,"n 6el"s '"!i se%i"* *ese)%" h")us ,i*e)$u,"h95 P)insi* Keh"%i.h"%i"n Pen!elo""n ,"n" se/")" /e)$"%+ %eli%i+ "$"n ,"n %e)%i'>5 P)insi* A&un%"'ili%"s Pel"&s"n""n *)o!)"$ ,"n *en!elo"l""n &eu"n!"n #"n! "&u)"% ,"n ,"*"% ,i*e)%"n!!un!6"("'&"n85 P)insi* Po)%"'ili%"s "$in"n
Sosi"l
,i$"&su,"&"n
un%u&
$e$'e)i&"n
6"$in"n"
#"n!
'e)&el"n6u%"n $es&i*un *ese)%" 'e)*in,"h *e&e)6""n "%"u %e$*"% %in!!"l ,"l"$ (il"#"h Ne!")" Kes"%u"n Re*u'li& In,onesi"75 P)insi* Ke*ese)""n e)si@"% W"6i' Ke*ese)%""n ("6i' ,i$"&su,&"n "!") selu)uh )""% $en6",i *ese)%" hin!!" ,"*"% %e)lin,un!i- Mes&i*un &e*ese)%"""n ("6i' '"!i selu)uh )""%+ *ene)"*"nn#" %e%"* ,isesu"i&"n &e$"$*u"n e&ono$i )""% ,"n Pe$e)in%"h se)%" &el"#"&"n *e#elen!!")" *)o!)"$- T"h"*"n *e)%"$" ,")i *e&e)6" ,i se&%o) @o)$"l+ 'e)s"$" ,en!"n i%u se&%o) in@o)$"l ,"*"% $en6",i *ese)%" se/")" su&")el" sehin!!" ,"*"% $en/"&u* *e%"ni+ nel"#"n ,"n $e)e&" #"n! 'e&e)6"
1;
se/")" $"n,i)i+ sehin!!" *"," s"&hi)n#" Sis%e$ "$in"n N"sion"l ,"*"% $en/"&u* selu)uh )""%<5 P)insi* D"n" A$"n"% D"n" #"n! %e)&u$*ul ,")i ui)"n *ese)%" $e)u*"&"n %i%i*"n &e*"," '","n. '","n
*e#elen!!")"
un%u&
,i&elol"
se'"i&.'"i&n#"
,"l"$
)"n!&"
$en!o*%i$"l&"n ,"n" %e)se'u% un%u& &ese6"h%e)""n *ese)%";5 P)insi* H"sil Pen!elol""n D"n" "$in"n Sosi"l N"sion"l H"sil 'e)u*" ,e?i,en ,")i *e!"n! s"h"$ #"n! ,i&e$'"li&"n un%u& &e*en%in!"n *ese)%" 6"$in"n sosi"l 2## ,o+34 !ahun 5443 $asal 3/
3 M$!a"i,-$ P$"?$#$"(a*aa" Si,9$- Ja-i"a" S+,ia# Na,i+"a# Ke*ese)%""n ,"n Iu)"n 15 Ke*ese)%""n ("6i' '"!i selu)uh (")!" ne!")" 4)""%5 un%u& $en6",i *ese)%" "$in"n 4PNS+ TNI.Pol)i+ Pe6"'"% Ne!")"+ Pe&e)6" S("s%"+ Pe&e)6" In@o)$"l+ ,"n *en,u,u& %i,"& $"$*u5 25 M"n@""% #"n! "&"n ,i%e)i$" ","l"h un%u& *e$enuh"n &e'u%uh"n ,"s") hi,u* #"n! l"#"& un%u& se$u" *)o!)"$ 4$en"n!!ul"n!i )esi&o e&ono$i &")en" s"&i%+ &e/el"&""n &e)6"+ $en6",i %u"+ *ensiun+ "%"u &e$"%i"n5 35 Iu)"n ,i'"#") 'e)s"$" oleh &on%)i'usi *e&e)6"+ *e$'e)i &e)6"+ ,"n *e$e)in%"hD"n" $e)u*"&"n %i%i*"n *ese)%"- "!i o)"n! $is&in %i,"& $"$*u $e$*un#"i h"& $en,"*"%&"n '"n%u"n un%u& $e$'"#") iu)"n*)e$i ,"n iu)"n*)e$i "su)"nsi #"n! %e)&u$*ul $e)u*"&"n ,"n" ,"n" 'e)s"$" 'u&"n l"!i $ili&
20
*e)seo)"n!"n- ,i %i,"& 'is" ,i"$'il &e$*"li $es&i*un #"n! 'e)s"n!&u%"n 'elu$ *e)n"h $e$"n@""%&"n 4Th"')"n#-+,&&+ 20085Li$" P)o!)"$ "$in"n Sosi"l N"sion"l 15 "$in"n Keseh"%"n 4K5 Su"%u *)o!)"$ "$in"n Sosi"l ,en!"n %u6u"n $e$'e)i"&"n &e*"s%i"n 6"$i"n"n
&eseh"%"n
#"n!
$en#elu)uh
4&o$*)ehensi@5
'"!i
se%i"*
*ese)%")""% In,onesi" "!") ,"*"% hi,u* seh"%+ *)o,u&%i@ "%"u se6"h%e)"Di'e)i"&n ,"l"$ 'en%u& *el"#"n"n &eseh"%"n sesu"i ,en!"n &e'u%uh"n $e,is25 "$in"n Ke/el"&"n Ke)6" 4KK5 Su"%u *)o!)"$ "$in"n Sosi"l ,en!"n %u6u"n $e$e'e)i"&n &e*"s%i"n "$in"n *el"#"n"n ,"n s"n%un"n "*"'il" %ene!" &e)6" $en!"l"$i &e/el"&""n s""% $enu6u+ $enun"i&"n ,"n seles"i $enun"i&"n %u!"s *e&e)6""n ,"n 'e)'"!"i *en#"&i% #"n! 'e)hu'un!"n ,en!"n *e&e)6""n35 "$in"n H")i Tu" 4HT5 Me)u*"n 6"$in"n #"n! ,iseln!!")"&"n ,en!"n %u6u"n un%u& $e$'e)i&"n 'e&"l *ese)%" &e%i&" $e$es"u&i $"s" *u)n" %u!"s*ensiun- Te%"*i "*"'il" *ese)%" $en!"l"$i /"/"% %e%"* sehin!!" %i,"& $"$*u 'e&e)6" "%"u $enin!!"l ,uni" se'elu$ $"s" *ensiun $"&" *ese)%" "%"u "hli (")isn#" 'e)h"& $ene)i$" 6"$in"n h")i %u" #"n! ,i'"#")&"n se&"li!us95 "$in"n Pensiun 4P5 Me)u*"&"n *)o!)"$ 6"$in"n #"n! ,iselen!!")"&"n 'e),"s")&"n sis%e$ "su)"nsi ,"n %"'un!"n ,en!"n %u6u"n un%u& $en6"$in &e'u%uh"n hi,u*
21
$ini$u$ #"n! l"#"& &e%i&" *ese)%" $en6"l"ni *ensiun "%"u $en!"l"$i /"/"% %e%"* sehin!!" %i,"& ,"*"% 'e&e)6" #"n! ,i'"#")&"n se/")" 'e)&"l">5 "$in"n Ke$"%i"n 4KM5 Me)u*"&"n *)o!)"$ 6"$in"ns"n%un"n" &e$"%i"n 'e),"s")&"n $e&"snis$e "su)"nsi sosi"l #"n! ,i'"#")&"n &e*"," "hli (")is #"n! $enin!!"l ,uni" Ke6el"s"n $en!en"i *en!elol""n ,"n" 6"$in"n sosi"l+ *ene!"&"n hu&u$ ,"n $"s" *e)"lih"n "&"n ,i*e)%e!"s ,i ,"l"$ *e)"%u)"n *el"&s"n""n UU SSN 4 UU No 90 %"hun 20095-
= La"a,a" K+",9i9,i P$#a!,a"aa" SJSN "- UUD T"hun 1;9> ,"n *e)u'"h"nn#" T"hun 2002+ P"s"l 2 ,"n *e)u'"h"nn#" T"hun 2002- P"s"l 2 ,"n *e)u'"h"nn#" T"hun 2002+ *"s"l 9 "#"% 415 C"&i) $is&in ,"n "n"&."n"& %e)l"n%") ,i*elih")" oleh ne!")",- UUD T"hun 1;9> ,"n *e)u'"h"nn#" T"hun 2002+ *"s"l 39 "#"% 425+ CNe!")" $en!e$'"n!&"n
sis%e$
6"$in"n
sosi"l
'"!i
selu)uh
)""%
,"n
$e$'e),"#"&"n $"s#")"&"% #"n! le$"h ,"n %i,"& $"$*u sesu"i ,en!"n $")%"'"% &e$"nusi""n-
22
e- UU No-90 %"hun 2009 %en%"n! SSN ","l"h $e)u*"&"n *en#e$*u)n""n su's%"nsi+ &ele$'"!""n ,"n $e&"nis$e *en#elen!!")"n 6"$in"n sosi"l #"n! su,"h 'e)l"&u se'elu$n#"@- UU No-32 %"hun 2009 P"s"l 22 hu)u@ h C D"l"$ $en#elen!!")"&"n o%ono$i+ ,"e)"h $e$*un#"i &e("6i'"n $en!e$'"n!&"n sis%e$ 6"$in"n n"sion"l 4Th"')"n#-+,&&+ 20085-
B A"a#i,i, SWOT Menu)u% Ku)%J 4200<5+ An"lisis SWT ","l"h su"%u "l"% *e)en/"n""n s%)"%e!i& #"n! *en%in! un%u& $e$'"n%u *e)en/"n" un%u& $e$'"n,in!&"n &e&u"%"n,"n &ele$"h"n in%e)n"l o)!"nis"si ,en!"n &ese$*"%"n ,"n "n/"$"n ,")i e%e)n"lMenu)u% Pe")/e "n, Ro'inson 420035+ "n"lisis SWT *e)lu ,il"&u&"n &")en" "n"lis" SWT un%u& $en/o/o&&"n C@i% "n%")" su$'e) ,"#" in%e)n"l ,"n si%u"si e&s%e)n"l *e)us"h""n- Pen/o/o&&"n #"n! '"i& "&"n $e$"&si$"l&"n &e&u"%"n ,"n *elu"n! *e)us"h""n ,"n $e$ini$u$&"n &ele$"h"n ,"n "n/"$"nn#"- Asu$si se,e)h"n" ini $e$*un#"i i$*li&"si #"n! &u"% un%u& ,esi!n s%)"%e!i #"n! su&sesMenu)u% )e, D"?i, 41;;75+ "n"lis" SWT ","l"h ","l"h $e%o,e *e)en/"n""n s%)"%e!is #"n! 'e)@un!si un%u& $en!e?"lu"si &e&u"%"n+ &ele$"h"n+ *elu"n!+ ,"n "n/"$"n su"%u *e)us"h""n- P)oses ini $eli'"%&"n *enen%u"n %u6u"n #"n! s*esi@i& ,")i s*e&ul"si 'isnis ,"n $en!i,en%i@i&"si @"&%o) in%e)n"l ,"n e&s%e)n"l #"n! $en,u&un! ,"n #"n! %i,"& ,"l"$ $en/"*"i %u6u"n %e)se'u%-
23
P")" "n"lisis SWT $e$'e)i&"n in@o)$"si un%u& $e$'"n%u ,"l"$ h"l $en/o/o&"n *e)us"h""n su$'e) ,"#" ,"n &e$"$*u"n un%u& $en!"n"lis" &o$*e%i%i@ lin!&un!"n ,i $"n" 'i,"n! *e)us"h""n i%u 'e)!e)"&- In@o)$"si %e)se'u% ,i'u"% 'e),"s")&"n *e)u$us"n s%)"%e!i ,"n sele&si15
Ke&u"%"n Strength 4 S 5 Se'u"h &e&u"%"n *e)us"h""n ","l"h su$'e) ,"#" ,"n &e$"$*u"n #"n! ,"*"% ,i!un"&"n se'"!"i ,"s") un%u& $en!e$'"n!&"n /o$*e%i%i?e ",?"n%"!e:on%oh ,")i &e&u"%"n %e)se'u% $eli*u%i h"& *"%en+ n"$" $e)e& #"n! &u"%+ )e*u%"si #"n! '"i& ,i$"%" *")" *el"n!!"n+ &eun%un!"n 'i"#" o*e)"sion"l+ "&ses e&s&lusi@ ,"l"$ su$'e) ,"#" "l"$ &el"s %in!!i+ "&ses #"n! $en!un%un!&"n ,i 6")in!"n ,is%)i'usi
25
Kele$"h"n Weakness 4 W 5 Kele$"h"n ","l"h sesu"%u #"n! $en#e'"'&"n s"%u *e)us"h""n &"l"h 'e)s"in! ,en!"n *e)us"h""n l"in- D"l"$ 'e'e)"*" &"sus+ &ele$"h"n '"!i s"%u *e)us"h""n $un!&in $e)u*"&"n su"%u &e&u"%"n '"!i *e)us"h""n l"inn#"Se'"!"i /on%oh+ 'e)i&u% ini ,"*"% ,i"n!!"* se'"!"i We"&ness &u)"n!n#" *e)lin,un!"n h"& *"%en+ n"$" $e)e& #"n! le$"h+ )e*u%"si 'u)u& ,i "n%")" *")" *el"n!!"n+ s%)u&%u) 'i"#" %in!!i+ &u)"n!n#" "&ses su$'e) ,"#" "l"$ #"n! '"i&+ &u)"n!n#" "&ses un%u& s"lu)"n ,is%)i'usi u%"$"
35
Pelu"n! Opportunities 4 5 An"lisis lin!&un!"n e&s%e)n"l ,"*"% $e$'u"h&"n *elu"n! '")u '"!i se'u"h *e)us"h""n un%u& $e)"ih &eun%un!"n ,"n *e)%u$'uh"n- e'e)"*" /on%oh &ese$*"%"n %e)se'u% ","l"h
&e'u%uh"n *el"n!!"n #"n! %i,"& ,i*enuhi
29
,i*"s")+ &e,"%"n!"n %e&nolo!i '")u+ *elon!!")"n *e)"%u)"n+ *en!h"*us"n h"$'"%"n *e),"!"n!"n in%e)n"sion"l 95
An/"$"n !hreat 4 T 5 Pe)u'"h"n ,"l"$ lin!&un!"n e&s%e)n"l 6u!" ,"*"% $en!h",i)&"n "n/"$"n '"!i *e)us"h""n- e'e)"*" /on%oh "n/"$"n %e)se'u% ","l"h *e)u'"h"n sele)" &onsu$en ,")i *)o,u&.*)o,u& *e)us"h""n+ $un/uln#"
*)o,u&.*)o,u&
*en!!"n%i+ *e)"%u)"n '")u+ *enin!&"%"n h"$'"%"n *e),"!"n!"n+ Se'u"h *e)us"h""n %i,"& sel"lu h")us $en!e6") *elu"n! #"n! $en!un%un!&"n &")en" ,en!"n $en!e$'"n!&"n /o$*e%i%i?e ",?"n%"!e+ "," &ese$*"%"n #"n! le'ih '"i& un%u& $e)"ih &esu&ses"n ,en!"n /")" $en!i,en%i@i&"si se'u"h &e&u"%"n ,"n &ese$*"%"n $en,"%"n!- D"l"$ 'e'e)"*" &"sus+ *e)us"h""n ,"*"% $en!"%"si &ele$"h"nn#" ,en!"n /")" $e$*e)si"*&"n ,i)i un%u& $e)"ih &ese$*"%"n #"n! *"s%iTa.$# 1 Ma9*i< A"a#i,i, SWOT
2>
A," ,u" $"/"$ *en,e&"%"n ,"l"$ "n"lisis SWT+ #"i%u Ga-.a* 1 P*+,$, a"a#i,i, SWOT 15 Pen,e&"%"n Ku"li%"%i@ M"%)i&s SWT Pen,e&"%"n &u"li%"%i@ $"%)i&s SWT se'"!"i$"n" ,i&e$'"n!&"n oleh Ke")ns $en"$*il&"n ,el"*"n &o%"&+ #"i%u ,u" *"lin! "%"s ","l"h &o%"& @"&%o) e&s%e)n"l 4Pelu"n! ,"n T"n%"n!"n5 se,"n!&"n ,u" &o%"& se'el"h &i)i ","l"h @"&%o) in%e)n"l 4Ke&u"%"n ,"n Kel"$"h"n5- E$*"% &o%"& l"inn#" $e)u*"&"n &o%"& isu.isu s%)"%e!is #"n! %i$'ul se'"!"i h"sil %i%i& *e)%e$u" "n%")" @"&%o).@"&%o) in%e)n"l ,"n e&s%e)n"lTa.$# 2 Ma9*i!, SWOT K$a*",
Ke%e)"n!"n Sel A Comparative Advantages Sel ini $e)u*"&"n *e)%e$u"n ,u" ele$en &e&u"%"n ,"n *elu"n! sehin!!" $e$'e)i&"n &e$un!&in"n '"!i su"%u o)!"nis"si un%u& 'is" 'e)&e$'"n! le'ih /e*"%Sel .o*ilization
28
Sel ini $e)u*"&"n in%e)"&si "n%")" "n/"$"n ,"n &e&u"%"n- Di sini h")us ,il"&u&"n u*"#" $o'ilis"si su$'e) ,"#" #"n! $e)u*"&"n &e&u"%"n o)!"nis"si un%u& $e$*e)lun"& "n/"$"n ,")i lu") %e)se'u%+ '"h&"n &e$u,i"n $e)u'"h "n/"$"n i%u $en6",i se'u"h *elu"n!Sel : 6ivestment"nvestment Sel ini $e)u*"&"n in%e)"&si "n%")" &ele$"h"n o)!"nis"si ,"n *elu"n! ,")i lu")- Si%u"si se*e)%i ini $e$'e)i&"n su"%u *ilih"n *"," si%u"si #"n! &"'u)Pelu"n! #"n! %e)se,i" s"n!"% $e#"&in&"n n"$un %i,"& ,"*"% ,i$"n@""%&"n &")en" &e&u"%"n #"n! "," %i,"& /u&u* un%u& $en!!")"*n#"- Pilih"n &e*u%us"n #"n! ,i"$'il ","l"h 4$ele*"s *elu"n! #"n! "," un%u& ,i$"n@""%&"n o)!"nis"si l"in5 "%"u $e$"&s"&"n $en!!")"* *elu"n! i%u 4in?es%"si5Sel D 6amage Control Sel ini $e)u*"&" &on,isi #"n! *"lin! le$"h,")i se$u" sel &")en" $e)u*"&"n *e)%e$u"n "n%")" &ele$"h"n o)!"nis"si ,en!"n "n/"$"n ,")i lu")+ ,"n &")en"n#" &e*u%us"n #"n! s"l"h "&"n $e$'"(" 'en/"n" #"n! 'es") '"!i o)!"nis"si- S%)"%e!i #"n! h")us ,i"$'il ","l"h 6amage Control 4$en!en,"li&"n &e)u!i"n5 sehin!!" %i,"& $en6",i le'ih *")"h ,")i #"n! ,i*e)&i)"&"n 4His#"$+ 1;;<525 Pen,e&"%"n Ku"n%i%"%i@ An"lisis SWT D"%" SWT &u"li%"%i@ ,i "%"s ,"*"% ,i&e$'"n!&"n se/")" &u"n%i%"i@ $el"lui *e)hi%un!"n An"lisis SWT #"n! ,i&e$'"n!&"n oleh Pe")/e ,"n Ro'inson 420035 "!") ,i&e%"hui se/")" *"s%i *osisi o)!"nis"si #"n! sesun!!uhn#"-
27
Pe)hi%un!"n #"n! ,il"&u&"n $el"lui %i!" %"h"*+ #"i%u "- Mel"&u&"n *e)hi%un!"n s&o) 4"5 ,"n 'o'o% 4'5 *oin% @"&%o) se%%" 6u$l"h %o%"l *e)&"li"n s&o) ,"n 'o'o% 4/ " '5 *"," se%i"* @"&%o) S.W..T Men!hi%un! s&o) 4"5 $"sin!.$"sin! *oin% @"&%o) ,il"&u&"n se/")" s"lin! 'e'"s 4*enil"i"n %e)h","* se'u"h *oin% @"&%o) %i,"& 'oleh ,i*en!")uhi "%"u $e$*en!e)uhi *enil"i"n %e)h","* *oin% @"&%o) l"inn#"- Pilih"n )en%"n! 'es")"n s&o) s"n!"% $enen%u&"n "&u)"si *enil"i"n n"$un #"n! l"Ji$ ,i!un"&"n ","l"h ,")i 1 s"$*"i 10+ ,en!"n "su$si nil"i 1 'e)")%i s&o) #"n! *"lin! )en,"h ,"n 10 'e)")%i s&o) #"n! *elin! %in!!i '- Pe)hi%un!"n 'o'o% 4'5 $"sin!.$"sin! *oin% @"&%o) ,il"&s"n"&"n se/")" s"lin! &e%e)!"n%un!"n- A)%in#"+ *enil"i"n %e)h","* s"%u *oin% @"&%o) ","l"h ,en!"n $e$'"n,in!&"n %in!&"% &e*en%in!"nn#" ,en!"n *oin% @"&%o) l"inn#"Sehin!!" @o)$ul"si *e)hi%un!"nn#" ","l"h nil"i #"n! %el"h ,i,"*"% 4)en%"n! nil"in#" s"$" ,en!"n '"n#"&n#" *oin% @"&%o)5 ,i'"!i ,en!"n '"n#"&n#" 6u$l"h *oin% @"&%o)5/- Mel"&u&"n *en!u)"n!"n "n%")" 6u$l"h %o%"l @"&%o) S ,en!"n W 4,5 ,"n @"&%o) ,en!"n T 4e5 Pe)oleh"n "n!&" 4, 5 sel"n6u%n#" $en6",i nil"i "%"u %i%i& *"," su$'u X+ se$en%")" *e)oleh"n "n!&" 4e #5 sel"n6u%n#" $en6",i nil"i "%"u %i%i& *"," su$'u ,- Men/")i *osisi o)!"nis"si #"n! ,i%un6u&&"n oleh %i%i& 4+#5 *"," &u",)"n B SWT 4Pe")/e ,"n Ro'inson+ 1;;<5
2<
Ta.$# 3 A"a#i,i, SWOT Ka"9i9a9i:
Ga-.a* 2 Ka*a" A"a#i,i, SWOT Ka"9i9a9i:
Ka*a" I /;+,i9i:) ;+,i9i:
2;
Posisi ini $en"n,"&"n se'u"h o)!"nis"si #"n! &u"% ,"n 'e)*elu"n!+ Re&o$en,"si s%)"%e!i #"n! ,i'e)i&"n ","l"h P*+(*$,i: + ")%in#" o)!"nis"si ,"l"$ &on,isi *)i$" ,"n $"n%"* sehin!!" s"n!"% ,i$un!&in&"n un%u& %e)us $el"&u&"n e&s*"nsi+ $e$*e)'es") *e)%u$'uh"n ,"n $e)"ih &e$"6u"n se/")" $"&si$"l
Ka*a" II /;+,i9i:) "$(a9i:
Posisi ini $en"n,"&"n se'u"h o)!"nis"si #"n! &u"% n"$un $en!h","*i %"n%"n!"n #"n! 'es")- Re&o$en,"si s%)"%e!i #"n! ,i'e)i&"n ","l"h Di5$*,i:i!a,i S9*a9$(i + ")%in#" o)!"nis"si ,"l"$ &on,isi $"n%"* n"$un $en!h","*i se6u$l"h
%"n%"n!"n 'e)"% sehin!!" ,i*e)&i)"&"n )o," o)!"nis"si "&"n $en!"l"$i &esuli%"n un%u& %e)us 'e)*u%") 'il" h"n#" 'e)%u$*u *"," s%)"%e!i se'elu$n#"- leh &")en#"+ o)!"nis"si ,is")"n&"n un%u& se!e)" $e$*e)'"n#"& )"!"$ s%)"%e!i %"&%isn#"
Ka*a" III /"$(a9i:) ;+,i9i:
Posisi ini $en"n,"&"n se'u"h o)!"nis"si #"n! le$"h n"$un s"n!"% 'e)*elu"n!- Re&o$en,"si s%)"%e!i #"n! ,i'e)i&"n ","l"h U.a% S9*a9$(i + ")%in#" o)!"nis"si ,is")"n&"n un%u& $en!u'"h s%)"%e!i se'elu$n#"- Se'"'+ s%)"%e!i #"n! l"$" ,i&h"("%i)&"n suli% un%u& ,"*"% $en"n!&"* *elu"n! #"n! "," se&"li!us $e$*e)'"i&i &ine)6" o)!"nis"si
Ka*a" IV /"$(a9i:) "$(a9i:
Posisi ini $en"n,"&"n se'u"h o)!"nis"si #"n! le$"h ,"n $en!h","*i %"n%"n!"n 'es")- Re&o$en,"si s%)"%e!i #"n! ,i'e)i&"n ","l"h S%)"%e!i e)%"h"n+ ")%in#" &on,isi in%e)n"l o)!"nis"si 'e)"," *"," *ilih"n ,ile$"%is- leh &")en"n#" o)!"nis"si ,is")"n&"n un%u& $een!!un"&"n s%)"%e!i 'e)%"h"n+ $en!en,"li&"n
30
&ine)6" in%e)n"l "!") %i,"& se$"&in %e)*e)oso&- S%)"%e!i ini ,i*e)%"h"n&"n s"$'il 9$*, .$*;a?a -$-.$"a%i i*i / Pe")/e ,"n Ro'inson+ 20035
C K$*a"(!a K+",$; P$#a!,a"aa" !$.ija!a" Si,9$- Ja-i"a" S+,ia# Na,i+"a# a9a A,*a",i K$,$%a9a" Na,i+"a#
a"a#i,i, SWOT !a#i9a9i: a" !a"9i9a9i:
4AKTOR INTERNAL
4AKTOR EKSTERNAL
A!*$i9a,i RS
UU SJSNBPJS
T$"a(a -$i,) "+" -$i,) ;a*a -$i, /SDM
R-a% Sa!i9 ;$,ai"( A!,$, -$"j RS
K$a"(a" C#i"i@a# G+5$*"a"@$
K$@$;a9a" ;$#"a,a" !#ai-
C#i"i@a# Pa9%a?
P+,i,i Ka*a" R-a% Sa!i9
A"a#i,i, K$,ia;a" R-a% Sa!i9
A"a#i,i, S9*a9$(i K$.ija!a" R-a% Sa!i9
31
Ga-.a* 3 K$*a"(!a K+",$;
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A D$,ai" P$"$#i9ia" Des"in *eneli%i"n ini ","l"h *eneli%i"n &u"li%"%i@- Peneli%i"n &u"li%"%i@ ,i,e@inisi&"n se'"!"i su"%u *)oses #"n! $en/o'" un%u& $en,"*"%&"n *e$"h"$"n #"n! le'ih '"i& $en!en"i &o$*le&si%"s #"n! "," ,"l"$ in%e)"&si $"nusi" 4:"%he)ine M")sh"l+ 1;;>5Poe)("n,")i
4200;5
$en!un!&"*&"n
'"h("
*eneli%i"n
&u"li%"%i@
$en!h"sil&"n ,"n $en!ol"h ,"%" #"n! si@"%n#" ,es&)i*%i@+ se*e)%i %)"ns&i* ("("n/")"+ /"%"%"n l"*"n!"n+ !"$'")+ @o%o+ )e&"$"n ?i,eo+ ,"n l"in se'"!"in#"De@inisi %e)se'u% $enun6u&&"n 'e'e)"*" &"%" &un/i ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n &u"li%"%i@+ #"i%u *)oses+ *e$"h"$"n+ &o$*le&si%"s+ in%e)"&si+ ,"n $"nusi"- P)oses ,"l"$ $el"&u&"n *eneli%i"n $e)u*"&"n *ene&"n"n ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n &u"li%"%i@ oleh &")en" i%u ,"l"$ $el"&s"n"&"n *eneli%i"n+ *eneli%i le'ih 'e)@o&us *"," *)oses ,")i *"," h"sil "&hi)P)oses #"n! ,il"&u&"n ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n ini $e$e)lu&"n ("&%u ,"n &on,isi #"n! 'e)u'"h.u'"h $"&" ,e@inisi *eneli%i"n ini "&"n 'e),"$*"& *"," ,es"in *eneli%i"n ,"n /")"./")" ,"l"$ $el"&s"n"&"nnn#" #"n! 6u!" 'e)u'"h.u'"h "%"u 'e)si@"% @le&si'el-
B S.?$! P$"$#i9ia" Pen!"$'il"n s"$*el *"," *eneli%i"n ini $en!!un"&"n $e%o,e *u)*osi?e s"$*lin!- Su'#e& ,")i *eneli%i"n ini ","l"h 6"6")"n ,i)e&si "%"u *en!u)us
32
33
s%)u&%u)"l )u$"h s"&i% %e)&"i% #"n! se/")" l"n!sun! %e)li'"% ,i,"l"$ *e)si"*"n $en!h","*i Sis%e$ "$in"n Sosi"l N"sion"l 2019+
C T$!"i! P$"(-;#a" Da9a Me%o,e *en!"$'il"n ,"%" ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n &u"li%"%i@ s"n!"% 'e)"!"$+ h"l ini ,ise'"'&"n &")en" si@"% ,")i *eneli%i"n &u"li%"%i@ %e)'u&" ,"n lu(es+ %i*e ,"n $e%o,e *en!u$*ul"n ,"%" ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n &u"li%"%i@ s"n!"% 'e)"!"$+ ,isesu"i&"n ,en!"n $"s"l"h+ %u6u"n *eneli%i"n+ se)%" si@"% o'6e& #"n! ,i%eli%ii&" ,i*e)h"%i&"n+ $e%o,e #"n! *"lin! '"n#"& ,i!un"&"n ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n &u"li%"%i@ ","l"h $e%o,e ("("n/")"+ focus group discussion ,"n o'se)?"si- M"&" ,en!"n i%u+ *eneli%i"n #"n! "&"n ,il"&u&"n ini *un $en!!un"&"n 3 $e%o,e #"n! s"$" #"i%u $e%o,e ("("n/")"+ GD+ ,"n o'se)?"si- A&"n %e%"*i #"n! $en6",i %e&ni& u%"$" *en!u$*ul"n ,"%" ","l"h ("("n/")"- Al"s"n ,i*ilihn#" $e%o,e ("("n/")" ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n ini ","l"h &")en" ,i,"l"$ *eneli%i"n ini+ in@o)$"si #"n! ,i*e)lu&"n ","l"h 'e)u*" &"%".&"%" #"n! ,iun!&"*&"n su'6e& se/")" l"n!sun!+ sehin!!" ,"*"% ,en!"n 6el"s $en!!"$'")&"n *e)"s""n su'6e& *eneli%i"n ,"n $e("&ili &e'u%uh"n in@o)$"si ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n-
1 Waa"@a*a
"nis%e)+ ,&& 4,"l"$ Poe)("n,")i+ 200;5 $en!un!&"*&"n ("("n/")" ","l"h *e)/"&"*"n ,"n *)oses %"n#" 6"("' #"n! ,i")"h&"n un%u& $en/"*"i %u6u"n %e)%en%u- W"("n/")" &u"li%"%i@
,il"&u&"n 'il" *eneli%i 'e)$"&su, un%u&
$e$*e)oleh *en!e%"hu"n %en%"n! $"&n".$"&n" su'6e&%i@ #"n! ,i*"h"$i in,i?i,u 'e)&en""n ,en!"n %o*i& #"n! ,i%eli%i+ ,"n 'e)$"&su, $el"&u&"n e&s*lo)"si
39
%e)h","* isu %e)se'u%+ su"%u h"l #"n! %i,"& ,"*"% ,il"&u&"n $el"lui *en,e&"%"n l"inMenu)u% S%e("n ,"n :"sh 420005+ ("("n/")" ","l"h su"%u *)oses &o$uni&"si in%e)"&sion"l "n%")" ,u" o)"n!+ se%i,"&n#" s"%u ,i"n%")"n#" $e$ili&i %u6u"n %e)%en%u #"n! %el"h ,i%e%"*&"n se'elu$n#"+ ,"n 'i"s"n#" $eli'"%&"n *e$'e)i"n ,"n $en6"("' *e)%"n#""n- W"("n/")" #"n! ,il"&u&"n ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n ini ","l"h ("("n/")" $en,"l"$ #"i%u ("("n/")" #"n! %e%"* $en!!un"&"n *e,o$"n ("("n/")"+ n"$un
*en!!un""nn#"
%i,"&
se&e%"%
("("n/")"
%e)s%)u&%u)-
Peneli%i"n ini $en!!un"&"n *e,o$"n ("("n/")" #"n! 'e)si@"% u$u$+ #"i%u *e,o$"n ("("n/")" #"n! h")us $en/"n%u$&"n isu.isu #"n! h")us ,ili*u% %"n*" $enen%u&"n u)u%"n *e)%"n#""nPe,o$"n ("("n/")" ,i!un"&"n un%u& $en!in!"%&"n *eneli%i $en!en"i "s*e&."s*e& #"n! h")us ,i'"h"s+ se&"li!us $en6",i ,"@%") *en!e/e& 4/he/&lis%5 "*"&"h "s*e&."s*e& )ele?"n %e)se'u% %el"h ,i'"h"s "%"u ,in#"%"&"n 4Poe)("n,")i+ 200;5- A,"*un "s*e& #"n! in!in ,iun!&"* *eneli%i $el"lui ("("n/")" ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n ini ","l"h h"l.h"l #"n! 'e)hu'un!"n ,en!"n &esi"*"n )u$"h s"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i SSN 2019+ #"n! %e)@o&us *"," s%)"%e!i *el"&s"n" SSN #"i%u Ru$"h S"&i% ,"l"$ $en!h","*i SSN i%u sen,i)i-
2 4+@, G*+; Di,@,,i+" /4GD
GD ","l"h su"%u $e%o,e )ise% #"n! oleh I)("n%o 41;<<5 ,i,e@inisi&"n se'"!"i Csu"%u *)oses *en!u$*ul"n in@o)$"si $en!en"i su"%u *e)$"s"l"h"n %e)%en%u #"n! s"n!"% s*esi@i& $el"lui ,is&usi &elo$*o& 4I)("n%o+ 1;<<15- Den!"n *e)&"%""n
3>
l"in GD $e)u*"&"n *)oses *en!u$*ul"n in@o)$"si 'u&"n $el"lui ("("n/")"+ 'u&"n *e)o)"n!"n+ ,"n 'u&"n ,is&usi 'e'"s %"n*" %o*i& s*esi@i&- Me%o,e GD %e)$"su& $e%o,e &u"li%"%i@- Se*e)%i $e%o,e &u"li%"%i@ l"inn#" 4direct o*servation( indepth intervie0+ ,s'5 GD 'e)u*"#" $en6"("' 6enis.6enis *e)%"n#""n ho(."n, (h#+ 'u&"n 6enis.6enis *e)%"n#""n (h"%."n,.ho(.$"n# #"n! &h"s un%u& $e%o,e &u"n%i%"%i@ 4su)?ei+ ,s'5- GD ,"n $e%o,e &u"li%"%i@ l"inn#" se'en")n#" le'ih sesu"i ,i'"n,in!&"n $e%o,e &u"n%i%"%i@ un%u& su"%u s%u,i #"n! 'e)%u6u"n Cto generate theories and explanations 4Mo)!"n "n, K)u!e)+ 1;;35 Peneli%i "&"n $el"&s"n"&"n GD un%u& $elih"% &esi"*"n Ru$"h S"&i% se/")" u$u$+ ,"n $elih"% &onsis%ensi *"," 6"6")"n $ene6e)i"l- A&"n %e%"*i GD ini %i,"& ("6i' ,il"&u&"n &")en" h"n#" $en6",i se'u"h /","n!"n un%u& $en!hi$*un in@o)$"si- A*"'il" $el"lui indepth intervie0 ,i)"s" su,"h /u&u* &onsis%en "n%") lini $"&"n
%i,"&
,i*e)lu&"n GD- Men!in!"%
%in!&"%
&esuli%"n
,"l"$
$en!u$*ul&"n ,i)e&si un%u& $el"&u&"n GD-
3 O.,$*5a,i
Is%il"h o'se)?"si ,i")"h&"n *"," &e!i"%"n $e$*e)h"%i&"n se/")" "&u)"%+ $en/"%"% @eno$en" #"n! $un/ul+ ,"n $e$*e)%i$'"n!&"n hu'un!"n "n%") "s*e& ,"l"$ @eno$en" %e)se'u%- 'se)?"si sel"lu $en6",i '"!i"n *eneli%i"n *si&olo!is+ ,"*"% 'e)l"n!sun! ,"l"$ &on%e&s l"'o)"%o)iu$ $"u*un &on%e&s "l"$i"h- P"%%on 41;;05 $en6el"s&"n '"h(" *)ese*si sele&%i@ *"," $"nusi" $en#e'"'&"n $un/uln#" &e)"!u.)"!u"n %e)h","* ?"li,i%"s ,"n )eli"'ili%"s o'se)?"si se'"!"i su"%u $e%o,e *en!u$*ul"n ,"%" il$i"h- 4Poe)("n,")i+200;5
38
'se)?"si $e)u*"&"n *en!u$*ul"n ,"%" esensi"l ,"l"$ *eneli%i"n "*"l"!i ,"l"$ *eneli%"i"n &u"li%"%i@- Tu6u"n o'se)?"si ","l"h $en,es&)i*si&"n setting #"n! ,i*el"6")i+ "&%i?i%"s."&%i?i%"s "#"n! 'e)l"n!sun!+ o)"n!.o)"n! #"n! %e)li'"% ,"l"$ "&%i?i%"s+ ,"n $"&n" &e6",i"n ,ilih"% ,")i *e)s*e&%i@ $e)e&" #"n! %e)li'"% ,"l"$ &e6",i"n #"n! ,"i$"%i %e)se'u%-4Poe)("n,")i+200;5 D"l"$ *eneli%i"n ini+ *eneli%i $en!o'se)?"si l"n!sun! &esi"*"n )u$"h s"&i% $en!h","*i SSN 2019+ '"i& #"n! 'e)u*" @"sili%"s @isi& $"u*un non.@isi&-
D M$9+$ A"a#i,i, Da9a Me%o,e "n"lisis ,"%" *"," *eneli%i"n ini ","l"h $en!!un"&"n "n"lisis SWTH"sil ("("n/")"+ o'se)?"si+ ,"n GD "&"n ,i)"n!&u$ ,"l"$ 9 &"%e!o)i s%)en!%h+ (e"&nesses+ o**o)%uni%ies+ ,"n %h)e"%s- Ke$u,i"n "&"n ,ilih"% &on,isi )u$"h s"&i% $"su& ,"l"$ &"%e!o)i #"n! $"n"- An"lisis SWT #"n! ,i!un"&"n ","l"h "n"lisis SWT
&u"li%"%is
,"n
&u"n%i%"%i@
sehin!!"
*"neli%i
,"*"%
$en!e%"hui
&e/en,e)un!"n s%)"%e!i )u$"h s"&i%-
E L+!a,i P$"$#i9ia" D"l"$ *eneli%i"n ini *eneli%i $en!"$'il %e$*"% *eneli%i"n ,i Ru$"h S"&i% PKU
Muh"$$",i#"h
"n%ul-
Al"s"n
*eneli%i
$en!"$'il
RS
PKU
Muh"$$",i#"h "n%ul se'"!"i %e$*"% *eneli%i"n ","l"h &e,e&"%"n lo&"si ,en!"n *eneli%i+ sel"in i%u ,i ,"e)"h "n%ul $ul"i 'e)$un/ul"n Ru$"h S"&i% #"n! /u&u* 'es") sehin!!" $en#e'"'&"n '"n#"& %i$'ul *e)s"in!"n- "h&"n RSUD P"ne$'"h"n Seno*"%i "n%ul $e)u*"&"n )u$"h s"&i% s"%eli% RSUP D)- S"),6i%o sehin!!" s"n!"% l"#"& un%u& $el"&u&"n *eneli%i"n ,i RS PKU "n%ul un%u& $en!e%"hui se6"uh $"n" &esi"*"n ,"n s%)"%e!i $en!h","*i SSN 2019-
37
3<
DA4TAR PUSTAKA
e)i%" Res$i S%"%is%i&.","n Pus"% S%"%is%i& Re*u'li& In,onesi" %"hun 2012+ "?"il"'le "% h%%*(((-'*s-!o-i,$enu%"'-*h*%"'el1F&"%1Fi, su'#e& 12 is$"+ Mu)%i+ 2000+ D"s") D"s") Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n+ u$i A&s")"+ "&")%" :"))in G+ M"%h"ue) I+ Xu K+ E?"ns D- Uni?e)s"l /o?e)"!e o@ he"l%h se)?i/es %"ilo)in! i%s i$*le$en%"%ion- 7ull World Health Organ 200< 7& <>783D"?i,+ )e, R- 420085- .ana8emen Strategis% 9onsep+ 'u&u 1- E,isi &ese*uluhTe)6e$"h"n S"le$'" E$*"%+ "&")%" 4h"l-1395Dion A "n, Mossi"los E- He"l%h s#s%e$ in ei!h% /oun%)ies %)en,s "n, /h"llen!es- The eu)o*e"n o'se)?"%o)# on he"l%h /")e s#s%e$s- Lon,on+ 2002 )ie,l"n,e) WA "n, A*%e RO- In%)o,u/%ion %o so/i"l (el@")e- P)en%i/e H"llEn!le(oo,+ Ne( e)se#+ USA+ 1;<0
Re@o)$"si Sis%e$ Pe$'i"#""n Keseh"%"n Di In,onesi" Asu)"nsi Keseh"%"n Sosi"l Se'"!"i Pilih"n-
Gu@)on+ Ali- 2009-
His#"$+ M-S- 1;;<- Analisa SWO! #saha-M"&"l"h-"&")%"-SEM Ins%i%u%e-
se*agai
a0al
perencanaan
HIAA- G)ou* he"l%h insu)"n/e- P")% A- HIAA+ W"shin!%on D:- 1;;7 Hen,e)son W- * :i% Re6,"+ GE- So/i"l insu)"n/e "n, e/ono$i/ se/u)i%#- 3), E,- P)en%i/e h"ll+ Ne( e)se#+ USA-1;<< I)("n%o+ 1;;<+ Focus )roup 6iscussion+ Pus"% K"6i"n Pe$'"n!un"n M"s#")"&"% 4h"l-15 ou)n"l o@ usiness M"n"!e$en% ol- >4225+ **- ;99<.;9>9+ A?"il"'le online "% h%%*(((-"/",e$i/6ou)n"ls-o)!"6'$*,@*,@201130Se*% $$"ni-*,@ Un,"n!.Un,"n! Re*u'li& In,onesi" No-90 T"hun 2009 %en%"n! Sis%e$ "$in"n N"sion"l- 4h"l- 1.335 Kein%J RM- NHI "n, in/o$e ,is%)i'u%ion- D-:- he"l%h "n, /o$*"n#+ Lein!%on+ USA+ 1;78 Ke$en%)i"n Keseh"%"n Re*u'li& In,onesi"- 2012- P)o@il D"%" Keseh"%"n In,onesi" T"hun 2011Ku)%J+ D"?i, L-+ 200<+ $rinciples Of Contemporary .arketing + Sou%h.Wes%e)n E,u/"%ion"l Pu'lishin!+ S%"$@o), 4h"l- 9>5