Recomendaciones Técnicas Cubiertas Vegetales

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Pgejfgodmeijogu Téeoiemu ~mpm ^pjygetju dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu

^pjygetj Tgebju \gpdgu Oûfgpj dg Pgciutpj dg ^pj~igdmd iotghgetwmh iouepi~eiõo; =94<50 I/U/@/O; 932&97<&39==&=4&= 7>> gkgf~hmpgu ^jp lm|jp( pgfitip uwu jùgp|meijogu m; Cpw~j Téeoiej dg Tgebju \gpdgu Fmpebmot ^gpgipm 00=/ Jlieiom ==/ ^pj|idgoeim/ Umotimcj Lmr; "!7<0) 3=2 37>5 Ejppgj ghgetpõoiej; bojhhNedt/eh























Æodieg ^põhjcj ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 7 Iotpjdweeiõo ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 3 Chjumpij y Tgpfiojhjcæm ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// == Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu † Moíhiuiu ejutju `goglieij dg wo ~pjygetj dg Ewìgptm \gcgtmh// =5 † Dgtgpfiomeiõo dgh ti~j dg Ewìgptm \gcgtmh m ioutmhmp ////////////// ////////////// 00 † Ejouidgpmeijogu m ioejp~jpmp go gh ~pjygetj////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////// 04 Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Gu~geiliemp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh † Motgegdgotgu cgogpmhgu ~mpm gu~geiliemp /////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////// 07 † Gu~geiliemeiõo dgh uiutgfm dg fjotmkg /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// 02 † Gu~geiliemeiõo dg hm gutpwetwpm uj~jptmotg //////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////// 5> † Ejf~jogotgu iotgcpmotgu dg hm Ewìgptm \gcgtmh ///////////////////// ///////////////////// 5< † Fgdij dg epgeifigotj y Em~m \gcgtmh ////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////// 40 † Ejf~jogotgu j~eijomhgu //////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////// 43 Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh † Motgegdgotgu cgogpmhgu ~mpm ioutmhmeiõo/////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////// 73 † Ejf~jogotgu iotgcpmotgu dg hm Ewìgptm \gcgtmh ///////////////////// ///////////////////// <> † Fgdij dg epgeifigotj y Em~m \gcgtmh ////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////// <2 † Ejf~jogotgu j~eijomhgu ///////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////// 34 Mogrju /////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////// //// 2= Pglgpgoeimu @i`hijcpíliemu ////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////// 24













































Em~ætwhj =

^põhjcj Gh Cpw~j Téeoiej dg Tgebju \gpdgu ug ljpfm bmeim liogu dgh mýj 0>>2( ejo gh lio dg epgmp wom `mug dg ejojeifigotj téeoiej }wg ~gpfitm if~whump gh epgeifigotj dgh fgpemdj dg Tgebju \gpdgu mh mugcwpmp ug ewgotg ejo ghgfgotju }wg ~gpfitmo diugýmp( emhewhmp g ioutmhmp& hju ejouidgpmodj uwu `goglieiju ujeimhgu y ~pi|mdju( go ujhweijogu dg gdilieiju bmìtmeijomhgu( ejfgpeimhgu g iodwutpimhgu/ Hm tmpgm gf~pgodidm( ejf~hiemdm y hmpcm dgìdj m }wg gutg ti~j dg ujhweijogu oj ujo ~mptg dg hm ewhtwpm omeijomh go gdiliemeijogu y m }wg hju mpcwfgotju ~mpm hjcpmp gh epgeifigotj dg gutg fgpemdj oj ug goewgotpmo go hm ejf~jogotg téeoiem/ Gutju mpcwfgotju cwmpdmo pghmeiõo ejo fjotju dg io|gpuijogu( cmomoeimu dg |mhjpgu ~û`hieju y ~pi|mdju y ~gpeg~eijogu dg hju ~jtgoeimhgu wuwmpiju/ Io|guticmp hmu emwumu pgmhgu dgh ~jp}wé gutm ujhweiõo( }wg griutg go gh grtpmokgpj( oj gu m~hiemdm go Ebihg( pg~pgugotm wo dgumlæj ~pg|ij m hm pgdmeeiõo dg gutg tgrtj téeoiej( dgìdj m hm lmhtm dg motgegdgotgu pgmhgu/ Go hm metwmhidmd go Ebihg oj bmy wo ~jpegotmkg uicoiliemti|j dg gdili& eiju j ~jtgoeimhgu j`pmu }wg wtihiego Tgebju \gpdgu/ Uio gf`mpcj( tpmgp gutju ~pjdwetju y uw tgeojhjcæm mujeimdm pg~pg& ugotm( bjy go dæm( wo pigucj ym }wg oj bmy ojpfmti|mu omeijomhgu( oj bmy uwlieigotg emotidmd dg ejojeifigotj oi gr~gpigoeim ~mpm uw ioutm& hmeiõo y hju io|gpuijoiutmu }wg j~tmo ~jp uw wuj ug |go golpgotmdju uõhj m ioljpfmeiõo dg emtíhjcj/ Ejfj wom ljpfm dg uwùmomp hj motgpijp( gh cpw~j dg gf~pgumu mujeimdmu m gutg ~pjygetj fmoiligutm uw iotgpéu go tpm`mkmp go gh dgumppjhhj dg gutg ugcfgotj dg fgpemdj go gh ~mæu( ~pju~getm hm uitwmeiõo dg gutg fgpemdj go gh grtpmokgpj y momhi{m hm ~juiìhidmd dg mdm~tmp hju pg}wiuitju téeoieju go Ebihg/ Ejfj ejougewgoeim dg gum dgeiuiõo ug dgumppjhhm wo gutwdij dg























^põhjcj Dg gum ljpfm( ~mpm iofjìhimpiju y mp}witgetju hju ~pioei~mhgu ioegoti& |ju ~mpm ioehwip gutg ti~j dg ujhweijogu go uwu ~pjygetju ug ejoego& tpmo go hm griutgoeim dg ioegoti|ju gejoõfieju j tpi`wtmpiju }wg dgo ewgotm dg hm pgtpi`weiõo ~jp gh m~jptg }wg wo tgebj |gpdg bmeg mh fgdij mfìgotg/ Tmfìéo ug dgutmem gh }wg ugmo ujhieitmdju ~jp hju ehigotgu/ ^jp jtpj hmdj( hmu gf~pgumu ejoutpwetjpmu egotpmo uwu ioegoti|ju go hm griutgoeim dg cmpmotæmu( m~jptgu mh ~pjygetj dgudg hm ~gpu~geti|m fgdij& mfìgotmh y hm griutgoeim dg ojpfmti|m/ Hmu gf~pgumu ~pj|ggdjpmu dg iouwfju y fmtgpimhgu egotpmo uwu ioego& ti|ju go gh m~jptg gejhõciej y hm griutgoeim dg ioegoti|ju gejoõfieju y tpi`wtmpiju/ Hm uwfm dg tjdmu hmu pgu~wgutmu iodiem }wg hju dju ~pioei~mhgu ioegoti& |ju ug goewgotpmo go gh m~jptg m hm gejhjcæm y m hm griutgoeim dg ioegoti& |ju gejoõfieju j tpi`wtmpiju/ Uifwhtíogmfgotg ejo gh moíhiuiu dg fgpemdj( hmu gf~pgumu dgh Cpw~j Téeoiej( ejfigo{mo m gutwdimp go dgtmhhg hju mu~getju tgeojhõcieju io|jhwepmdju go gh tgfm/ Ejfj ejougewgoeim dg ghhj( ug dgeidg }wg gh ojf`pg ejppgetj dgh ~pjdwetj m ioejp~jpmp go gh fgpemdj gu dg Ewìgp& tmu \gcgtmhgu/ M hmu gf~pgumu mujeimdmu m gutg ~pjygetj ug uwfm IOOJ\M dg EJPLJ( ejo wo m~jptg liomoeigpj }wg ~gpfitg pgmhi{mp tjdmu hmu meti|idmdgu dg ~pju~geeiõo g io|guticmeiõo }wg cgogpmo( gotpg jtpju( hm gdieiõo dg gutg tgrtj téeoiej/ Hmu gf~pgumu iotgcpmotgu dgh Cpw~j Téeoiej( }wg ~mptiei~mpjo meti|m& fgotg go hmu meti|idmdgu dg pgdmeeiõo dg gutg djewfgotj ujo;  Bíìtmt Uwutgotm`hg  ^pjdwetju em|g  Ojebgfiemhu Ebihg  Tge~pj  Mulmhtju Ebihgoju  @ijmp}  Ujhmp}

























Em~ætwhj 0

Iotpjdweeiõo Gh ejotgoidj dg gutg tgrtj téeoiej ug bm di|ididj go ewmtpj em~ætw& hju }wg ejotigogo ioljpfmeiõo ûtih ~mpm hju dilgpgotgu ugcfgotju dg iotgpgumdju go hm Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu/ Go glgetj( gh em~ætwhj 5 ejotigog wo chjumpij dg tgpfiojhjcæm ogegum& pim dg ejojegp ~mpm ~jdgp gotgodgp ejo ~pgeiuiõo emdm wom dg hmu uicwigotgu ~mptgu/ Gh em~ætwhj 4( ljemhi{mdj go wo hgetjp mcgotg iofjìhimpij j mp}witgetj( ~pgugotm motgegdgotgu }wg ug gutifmo hju fæoifju ~mpm ~jdgp tjfmp hm dgeiuiõo dg ioieimp wo ~pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu/ Go gug ejotgrtj ug momhi{mo |gotmkmu y dgu|gotmkmu tmotj dgudg hm ~gpu~geti|m ~û`hiem ejfj ~pi|mdm( fjutpmodj mu~getju }wg |imìhi& {mo hju m~jptgu dg hmu gdiliemeijogu ejo gutg ti~j dg tgebwf`pgu/ ^jp gkgf~hj( ug eitm dgudg hm ~gpu~geti|m ~w`hiem ug m~pgeimo mbjppju go hju uiutgfmu ~û`hieju dg g|mewmeiõo dg mcwmu hhw|im( j~gpmeiõo dg uiutgfmu dg emhglmeeiõo y ejutju dg hm umhwd mh tgogp ípgmu |gpdgu }wg ejotpi`wygo m diufiowip hm ejotmfiomeiõo/ Jtpj mu~getj ~û`hiej dgutmem`hg gu hm fgkjpm dg hm emhidmd dgh mipg mh tgogp ípgmu }wg lm|jpgego hm em~twpm dg ~mptæewhmu y }wg tmfìéo cgogpmo jræcgoj go uw ~pjeguj dg pgu~ipmeiõo/ Gutwdiju iodiemo }wg























Iotpjdweeiõo Go gh moíhiuiu dgudg hm ~gpu~geti|m ~pi|mdm ug dgutmemo `goglieiju tmhgu ejfj mbjppju ~jp fmyjp |idm ûtih dg hju fmtgpimhgu dg ewìgptmu dg hmu tgebwf`pgu( mbjppj dgh ejutj dg emhglmeeiõo y dg mipg mejodi& eijomdj/ Muifiufj( ug m~pgeim wom fgkjp `mppgpm m hm tpmoufiuiõo dg ujoidj( fgkjp gutétiem y m~pj|gebmfigotj dgh gu~meij uw~gpijp/ Go mhcwoju emuju ug ~wgdgo ~hmotmp |gcgtmhgu ejfguti`hgu/ Go gutg ugotidj( ugotidj( ug ~pgugotmo pgu~wgutmu pgu~wgutmu m m}wghhmu m}wghhmu iotgppjcmotgu iotgppjcmotgu }wg ~gpfitgo tjfmp hm dgeiuiõo dg hhg|mp mdghmotg gutg ti~j dg ~pjyge& tju( epitgpiju }wg lmeihitgo hm ghgeeiõo dgh ti~j dg ewìgptm |gcgtmh m ioutmhmp y dglioip hmu hæogmu cgogpmhgu }wg dg`go ugp ejouidgpmdmu go hmu gu~geiliemeijogu téeoiemu/ Hm cpmo dwdm( pghmeijomdm ejo gh mu~getj liomoeigpj oju gu m`jpdmdm( uio gf`mpcj ug gotpgcm tjdm hm ioljpfmeiõo ~mpm }wg ug ~wgdm g|mhwmp ~pjygetj m ~pjygetj/ Dg gutmu g|mhwmeijogu uwpcg hm ~pgcwotm pghmeij& omdm ejo hm lmetiìhidmd dg epgmp ioegoti|ju liomoeigpju ~mpm ejf~go& ump ~mptg dg hm io|gpuiõo fgdimotg ioutpwfgotju liuemhgu( ghhj bmìdm ejouidgpmeiõo }wg gh m~jptg ujeimh j ~û`hiej gu fwy cpmodg/ Gh em~ætwhj 7( ~pgugotm ioljpfmeiõo ogegumpim ~mpm ~jdgp gu~geiliemp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh/ Go gutg ugotidj hm ioljpfmeiõo ug bm ~pgugotmdj di|ididm go dju cpmodgu cpw~ju( woj dg gu~geiliemeijogu fæoifmu fmodmtjpimu m























Iotpjdweeiõo Emdm woj dg hju ghgfgotju }wg ejf~jogo fmodmtjpimfgotg wom Ewìgptm |gcgtmh ujo momhi{mdju go gutm ~pifgpm ~mptg dgh em~ætwhj/ Go ewmotj m uw ugcwodm ~mptg( ug ~pgugotmo motgegdgotgu dg ejf~hgfgotju j~eijomhgu( tmhgu ejfj uiutgfmu dg pgcmdæj( ugodg& pju( ihwfiomeiõo y jtpju( hju }wg dg~godgo dgh diugýj ~miumkiutm dg emdm ~pjygetj/ Gh em~ætwhj <( ~pgugotm pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm hm ioutmhmeiõo dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu( fjutpmodj mu~getju dg dgtmhhg ~mpm hjcpmp }wg hmu gu~geiliemeijogu téeoiemu ug ewf~hmo m em`mhidmd/ Hju dgtmhhgu dg kwotmu( mkwutgu dg hju dilgpgotgu fmtgpimhgu }wg ejoljpfmo hm em~m dg wom Ewìgptm |gcgtmh( dg`go ugp ewidmdjum& fgotg ioutmhmdmu( uicwigodj pgejfgodmeijogu dmdmu ~jp hju lm`pi& emotgu dg emdm woj dg uwu ejf~jogotgu/ Gh tgrtj( ejotigog ioljpfmeiõo }wg lmeihitm gh dgumppjhhj dg wo ~pjygetj( dgudg uw ioieij bmutm uw pgeg~eiõo( ewidmodj tjdju hju dgtmhhgu }wg dg`go ugp tjfmdju go ewgotm go hju ~pjeguju dg tjfm dg dgeiuijogu go uwu dilgpgotgu gtm~mu/













































Em~ætwhj 5

Chjumpij y Tgpfiojhjcæm Ewìgptm \gcgtmh

Fmotm dg |gcgtmeiõo }wg ug ~wgdg ioutmhmp uj`pg hju tgebju dg gdili& emeijogu owg|mu j griutgotgu( ~mpm if~gpfgmìhi{mp( miuhmp tépfi& emfgotg( fmogkmp hmu mcwmu hhw|imu( y mwfgotmp hmu ípgmu |gpdgu( ejotpi`wygodj muæ m diufiowip gh lgoõfgoj dg iuhm dg emhjp y emfìj ehifítiej dg hju egotpju wp`moju/ Ewìgptm \gcgtmh Grtgoui|m

Ewìgptm \gcgtmh oj tpmouitm`hg( ejo ~jem |gcgtmeiõo( hm }wg cgogpmh& fgotg ug ejf~jog dg ~hmotmu pmutpgpmu/ Ewìgptm \gcgtmh Iotgoui|m

Ewìgptm \gcgtmh tpmouitm`hg( ejo cpmo |mpigdmd dg |gcgtmeiõo( uj~jp& tmodj wom mf~him ìjdi|gpuidmd dg ~hmotmu/ Glgetj Iuhm dg Emhjp Wp`mom

Ioepgfgotj dg hm tgf~gpmtwpm mfìgotg ~pjfgdij go {jomu wp`momu( }wg ug ~pjdweg ~jp gh pggf~hm{j dg hm |gcgtmeiõo omtwpmh ~jp ~m|ifgotju( gdiliemeijogu y jtpmu gutpwetwpmu dgutiomdmu m dmp wo bíìtmt m hm ~j`hmeiõo/ Cgutiõo dg Mcwmu Hhw|im

^pjeguj dgutiomdj m dmp m hmu eiwdmdgu hm em~meidmd dg dpgomp dg fmogpm mdgewmdm gh mcwm ~pjegdgotg dg lwgptgu ~pgei~itmeijogu/

























Chjumpij y Tgpfiojhjcæm

If~gpfgmìhi{meiõo

Ejokwotj dg ghgfgotju }wg cgogpmo wo uiutgfm pgu~joum`hg dg fmotgogp hm gdiliemeiõo ugem y hi`pg dg bwfgdmd/

^pjtgeeiõo Moti&pmæ{

@mppgpm læuiem j }wæfiem }wg ~pg|igog }wg hmu pmæegu dg hmu ~hmotmu tpmu~mugo hm if~gpfgmìhi{meiõo/ if~gpfgmìhi{meiõo/ Dpgomkg

Ejokwotj dg tm`hgpju dg dgumcøgu y*j tw`ju }wg pgfwg|go uwlieigotg mcwm dg hm ewìgptm ~mpm oj ejf~pjfgtgp gh uiutgfm dg if~gpfgmì& hi{meiõo j hm gutpwetwpm uj~jptmotg/ Lihtpj

Fmtgpimh hi|imoj m ~pwg`m dg ~wtpglmeeiõo ~wgutj uj`pg j ioehwidj ejfj ~mptg dg wom em~m dg dpgomkg ~mpm ~pg|goip }wg hmu ~mptæewhmu liomu `hj}wggo gh uiutgfm dg dpgomkg/























Em~ætwhj 4

Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu Gutg em~ætwhj ~pgugotm m}wghhmu pgejfgodmeijogu }wg ljpfmo ~mptg dg hmu meti|idmdgu y tmpgmu }wg ~gpfitgo dmp ioieij m wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu/ Go gutg ugotidj( ug ~pgugotmo pgu~wgutmu pgu~wgutmu m m}wghhmu m}wghhmu iotgppjcmotgu iotgppjcmotgu }wg ~gpfitgo tjfmp hm dgeiuiõo dg hhg|mp mdghmotg gutg ti~j dg ~pjyge& tju( epitgpiju }wg lmeihitgo hm ghgeeiõo dgh ti~j dg ewìgptm |gcgtmh m ioutmhmp y dglioip hmu hæogmu cgogpmhgu }wg dg`go ugp ejouidgpmdmu go hmu gu~geiliemeijogu téeoiemu/ Hm ~pj`hgfítiem( mdgfíu ug momhi{m dgudg hm ~gpu~geti|m dg gdiliem& eijogu owg|mu y griutgotgu/ Dg gutm ljpfm( gh em~ætwhj ug bm gutpwetwpmdj go tpgu ugeeijogu;  Moíhiuiu dg ejutj `goglieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptm \gcgtmh  Dgtgpfiomeiõo dgh ti~j dg ewìgptm |gcgtmh m ioutmhmp/























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu 4/=/= @goglieiju ^û`hieju

Fwebju dg hju `goglieiju }wg ug jùgp|mo go hmu ewìgptmu |gcgtm& hgu ~wgdgo ugp emtmhjcmdju ejfj ~û`hieju/ Gutj ug bm tpmdweidj go }wg fwebju ~mæugu bmo cgogpmdj mewgpdju gotpg gh ugetjp ~pi|mdj y cw`gpomfgotmh ejo gh lio dg dmp fmyjpgu éolmuiu m gutg ti~j dg ujhweijogu téeoiemu/ M hm lgebm dg ghm`jpmeiõo dg gutg djewfgotj( go Ebihg oj bmy ioieim& ti|mu cw`gpomfgotmhgu dgutiomdmu m jtjpcmp mhcûo ti~j dg lpmo}wi& eim j `goglieij m }wigogu io|igptgo go gutg ti~j dg ~pjygetju/ Uio gf`mpcj( hm ejotpi`weiõo dgh ugetjp ~pi|mdj go `goglieiju ~û`hieju( bm dgfjutpmdj }wg hm g|mhwmeiõo ~pi|mdm dg gutg ti~j dg ~pjygetju( gu hj uwlieigotgfgotg ~juiti|j ejfj ~mpm ~gpfitip lwtwpju dgumppjhhju/ Dgudg hm ~gpu~geti|m dg `goglieiju ~û`hieju }wg ug jùgp|mo( ug bmo ughgeeijomdj tpgu( }wg m kwieij dg hju iotgcpmotgu dgh Cpw~j Téeoiej ujo hju }wg tgodpæmo fmyjpgu m~jptgu glgeti|ju go owgutpj ~mæu; Pgdweeiõo dgh Glgetj Iuhm dg Emhjp Wp`mom/























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu Hm ioejp~jpmeiõo dg |gcgtmeiõo go uw~gplieigu gr~wgutmu dipgetm& fgotg mh ujh ejotpi`wyg m fgkjpmp hju ~pjeguju omtwpmhgu dg golpim& figotj mfìgotmh( ejfj hm ljtjuæotguiu y g|m~jtpmou~ipmeiõo/ ^mpm glgetju dg gutm ugeeiõo( hm ljtjuæotguiu = mùjp`g gogpcæm }wg go gh emuj dg oj bm`gp |gcgtmeiõo ug tpmouljpfmpæm go emhjp mfìgotg y hm g|m~jtpmou~ipmeiõo0 fmotigog hju g}wihi`piju omtwpmhgu dg bwfgdmd mfìgotg/ Dgudg hm ~gpu~geti|m dgh ejouwfj gogpcétiej( gu wom dg hmu ujhweij& ogu dg fmyjp if~metj }wg griutgo m hm lgebm/ Gh gutwdij Fiticmtioc tbg Wp`mo Iuhmod sitb Cpggo Pjjl Iolpmutpwetwpg( pgmhi{mdj ~jp go Emomdí iodiem }wg ~mpm hm eiwdmd dg Tjpjotj( hm dgfmodm dg gogpcæm mujeimdm mh wuj dg uiutgfmu dg |gotihmeiõo( golpimfigotj( mipg mejodi& eijomdj j ehifmti{meiõo( gu dg <>> FS ~jp emdm =» E dg mwfgotj dg tgf~gpmtwpm( hj }wg gu g}wi|mhgotg mh 5(2' dg hm dgfmodm pguidgoeimh/ Ejfj ejoehwuiõo dg hj iodiemdj( ug m~pgeim }wg gh wuj dg ewìgp& tmu |gcgtmhgu ug goljem go diufiowip glgeti|mfgotg hm dgfmodm dg gogpcæm emwumdm ~jp gh glgetj Iuhm dg Emhjp Wp`mom( go hwcmp dg `wuemp























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu Fgkjpmfigotj dg hm emhidmd dgh mipg

Dwpmotg hju ~põrifju 5> mýju ug jùgp|m }wg hju ~pj`hgfmu dg ejotmfiomeiõo dgh mipg go hmu eiwdmdgu ugpío ~mptg if~jptmotg dg hm mcgodm ~û`hiem( ejoeitmodj gh dgumppjhhj dg meeijogu tmotj go gh ífìtj ~pi|mdj ejfj cw`gpomfgotmh/ Hju glgetju dg mhtmu tgf~gpmtwpmu( uwfmdju mh mwfgotj dgh ~mp}wg mwtjfjtpi{( gfiuijogu dg cmugu iodwutpimhgu y jtpmu lwgotgu dg ejotmfiomeiõo ioepgfgotmo go ljpfm ~gpfmogotg hm emotidmd dg ejotmfiomotgu y fmtgpimh ~mptiewhmdj/ M oi|gh chj`mh( ug bm gutifmdj }wg hm ejotmfiomeiõo fmtm m womu 2>>/>>> ~gpujomu mh mýj "Agosjptby 0>>0)( dgìdj m hm mhtm ~jhweiõo ejo ~pgugoeim dg diõridj dg emp`joj( õridj dg oitpõcgoj( fjoõridj dg emp`joj y fjoõridj dg m{wlpg }wg tigogo wom pghmeiõo dipgetm ejo golgpfgdmdgu pgu~ipmtjpimu y g~iujdiju dg mufm go oiýju y mdwhtju fmyjpgu/ Wom ewìgptm |gcgtmh( mdgfíu dg ejotpi`wip m pgdweip hm tgf~gpmtwpm(

























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu empí gh dgu`jpdmfigotj dg hm pgd go {jomu uitwmdmu mcwmu m`mkj( ejo gh ejouicwigotg ~gpkwieij gejoõfiej y ujeimh }wg gutj uw~jog/ Wom ~jui`hg ejotpi`weiõo m diufiowip gh ~pj`hgfm iodiemdj ejouiutg go dgutiomp wo gu~meij dg uwlieigotg uw~gplieig y eigptm em~meidmd dg mhfmegomfigotj ~mpm pgtgogp ~mptg dgh |jhwfgo dgh emwdmh dg guejppgotæm y pgdweip( hju emwdmhgu ~wotm }wg ug ~pgugotgo( bmutm wo emwdmh fírifj }wg ug dgugg bmegp eipewhmp( ewym fmcoitwd gutí go lwoeiõo dg hm em~meidmd dg mhfmegomfigotj( dg hm uw~gplieig dgh dg~õuitj y hm em~meidmd dg dgumcøg dg hm pgd griutgotg mcwmu m`mkj/ Wom ewìgptm |gcgtmh ~wgdg pgdweip bmutm gh <>' dg hm guejppgotæm y























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu 4/=/0 @goglieiju ^pi|mdju

Dgudg hm ~gpu~geti|m ~pi|mdm tmfìéo ug jùgp|mo |mpiju `goglieiju }wg ujo iotgpgumotgu dg dgutmemp/ Ug momhi{mo( go gutg tgrtj téeoiej( m}wghhju `goglieiju }wg ug gutifm tigogo fmyjp if~metj go gh fgpemdj omeijomh( tmhgu ejfj;  Fmyjp glieigoeim gogpcétiem  Ioepgfgotj dg hm dwpmìhidmd dg hm fgf`pmom if~gpfgmìhi{motg  Pgdweeiõo dg pwidju  M~jyj go ljptmhgeifigotj dg ifmcgo y ejfgpeimhi{meiõo























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu Go mf`mu ewp|mu ug jùgp|m }wg gh glgetj dgh ewìgptm |gcgtmh gu fmotgogp gh lhwkj( ~píetiemfgotg likj gotpg !>(7 y &>(3 "@TW*~ig0* bp)( figotpmu }wg hju lhwkju go tgebwf`pgu ejo|goeijomhgu |mo dg |mhjpgu dg emui !5 m &0/ Ug jùgp|m }wg pguwhtmdju ejfj hju fjutpmdju go hm licwpm 4&5 j hmu pgdweeijogu dg ejutju dg gogpcæm iodiemdju go hm io|guticmeiõo emomdigoug( dg~godgo( go cgogpmh dg fwebju lmetjpgu }wg dg`go tjfmpug go ewgotm;  Ejutj dg hm ghgetpieidmd  Gu~gujp dg hm ewìgptm |gcgtmh























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu Ioepgfgotj dg hm dwpmìhidmd dg hm fgf`pmom if~gpfgmìhi{motg

Hmu tgebwf`pgu go ~pjfgdij tigogo wom |idm ûtih dg m~pjrifmdm& fgotg =7 mýju( djodg( woj dg hju lmetjpgu }wg ujo emwum dg gug |mhjp( ug mtpi`wyg m hmu fgf`pmomu if~gpfgmìhi{motgu/ Go glgetj( fgf`pmomu gr~wgutmu m ejodieijogu fwy ug|gpmu dg |mpimeijogu dg tgf~gpmtwpm go 04 bjpmu tigogo wom fmyjp |ghjei& dmd dg dgcpmdmeiõo }wg m}wghhmu ejo |mpimeijogu fgojpgu/ ^jp gkgf~hj( go wom tgebwf`pg tpmdieijomh( go wo ~gpæjdj dg 04 bjpmu( hmu fgf`pmomu if~gpfgmìhi{motgu ~wgdgo gutmp gr~wgutmu m |mpimeij& ogu dg tgf~gpmtwpmu }wg mhemo{mo hju 47 E»( figotpmu }wg m}wghhmu























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu M~jyj go ljptmhgeifigotj dg ifmcgo y ejfgpeimhi{meiõo

Hmu ewìgptmu |gcgtmhgu oj uõhj ~pj|ggo `goglieiju ~û`hieju y ~pi|m& dju jpigotmdju m fgkjpmp hmu ejodieijogu dg |idm y hjcpmp m~jptgu ~jp diufioweiõo dg ejutju dg gogpcæm y fmotgoeiõo dg hmu gdiliemeijogu( uioj }wg tmfìéo m~jptmo go hm ejfgpeimhi{meiõo dg hju gdilieiju y go hm ifmcgo ejp~jpmti|m dg hju io|gpujpgu/ Hmu ewìgptmu |gcgtmhgu ~gpfitgo cgogpmp wom ugoumeiõo dg umhwd y dg gu~meiju mtpmeti|ju ~mpm tpm`mkmp go hju cpmodgu egotpju wp`moju/ Fûhti~hgu wuju ug ~wgdgo dglioip go hju ~pjygetju( dgudg wom uif~hg ewìgptm |gpdg bmutm {jomu dg dguemouj ~mpm hmu ~gpujomu/

























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu

4/0 Dgtgpfiomeiõo dgh ti~j dg Ewìgptm \gcgtmh m ioutmhmp ^mpm dglioip gh ti~j dg Ewìgptm \gcgtmh m ioutmhmp go wo gdilieij( bmy























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu 4/0/0 Empmetgpæutiemu dg gdilieij y wuj gu~gpmdj dg hm Ewìgptm \gcgtmh























Ioieij dg wo ^pjygetj dg Ewìgptmu \gcgtmhgu

4/5 Ejouidgpmeijogu m ioejp~jpmp go gh ~pjygetj Wom |g{ momhi{mdju hju `goglieiju }wg tigog wo ~pjygetj dg Ewìgp&























Em~ætwhj 7

Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Gu~geiliemp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh























Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Gu~geiliemp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh pij momhi{mp hm djewfgotmeiõo gotpgcmdm ~jp gh fmodmotg( ewyj ejotgoidj uwcgpidj ug goewgotpm go hm ugeeiõo 4/0 dg gutg fmowmh téeoiej/







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh Fgf`pmom Hi}widm dg ^jhiwpgtmoj Pgejfgodmeijogu ^pg~mpmeiõo dg uw~gplieig;

^mpm hm m~hiemeiõo gh uwutpmtj dg`gpæm goejotpmpug hif~ij( ugej ui gu }wg hm fgf`pmom oj ~wgdg ugp m~hiemdj go ~pgugoeim dg bwfgdmd y ~gplgetmfgotg woiljpfg/ Idgmhfgotg ui hm uw~gplieig gu dg bjpfi& cõo gf~mpgkmdj ejo wom ~mumdm dg bghieõ~tgpj uio ~whip/ Hmu `mkmdmu dg mcwm dg`go gutmp ~gplgetmfgotg ioutmhmdmu muæ ejfj ewmh}wigp ghgfgotj }wg mtpm|igug j |mym likj m hm hjum j uwutpmtj/ ^wgdg ugp m~hiemdm uj`pg bjpficõo( fmdgpm( fgtmh y li`pjegfgotj( uicwigodj uigf~pg hmu ioutpweeijogu dgh lm`piemotg( Go mhcwomu jemuijogu gu ogegumpij m~hiemp if~pifmotg uj`pg hm uw~gplieig( tmfìéo ~mpm ghhj gu ogegumpij ugcwip hmu pgejfgodmeijogu dgh lm`piemotg/ Hm uw~gplieig dg`g gutmp hi`pg ejotmfiomotgu( ejfj cpmumu( ~iotw& pmu( gte/ Go gh emuj dg hjumu dg bjpficõo ewpmdmu ejo fgf`pmomu }wæfiemu gutm dg`gpí ugp pgfj|idm fgdimotg bidpjhm|mdj j pmu~mkg fgeíoiej/ Tjdju hju íocwhju dg`gpío gutmp ìgo ~gplihmdju( oidju dg ~igdpm w jtpmu lmhhmu dg`gpío ugp pgtm~mdju/ M~hiemeiõo;

\gpiliemdm hm hif~ig{m j hm|mdj idgmhfgotg ejo uj~hmdj y mu~ipmdj( ug ~pjegdg m pgmhi{mp gh pglwgp{j dg tjdmu hmu uiocwhmpidmdgu( fgdimotg ughhmdjpgu dg ~jhiwpgtmoj ~jhiwpgtmoj j ìgo hm |gpuiõo dgoum dgh ~pjdwetj ~pjdwetj m~hiemp "uiocwhmpidmdgu ug pgligpg m `mkmdmu dg mcwm( íocwhju cgogpmdju ~jp emfìju dg ~hmoju( pglwgp{ju dg cpigtmu( ghgfgotju }wg mtpm|igugo hm hjum j moehmdju m ghhmu y emomhgtmu) Gh tpmtmfigotj dg dgtmhhg ug dg`gpí dgkmp ugemp ~jp mh fgoju 04 bjpmu( ~mpm hwgcj ~pjugcwip ejo hm ioutmhmeiõo dg hm fgf`pmom go gh gu~gujp j emotidmd dg fmoju }wg iodi}wg gh lm`piemotg/























Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh ~pgei~itmeijogu y }wg hmu tgf~gpmtwpmu dg mfìgotg lhwetûgo gotpg hj iodiemdj ~jp gh lm`piemotg mh fjfgotj dg m~hiemp hm fgf`pmom y }wg griutm gh dgìdj pgucwmpdj dg jtpmu lmgomu j ~gpujomu }wg ~mptiei~go dg hm j`pm( dg tmh ljpfm dg g|itmp hm emædm dg ghgfgotju j `muwpm }wg ~wdigpmo emwump dmýj mh fmtgpimh lpguej j pgeiéo m~hiemdj/ Ewhfiomdj gug ~pjeguj ug dg`gpí dmp gh tigf~j dg ewpm iodiemdj ~jp gh lm`piemotg gh ewmh cgogpmhfgotg lhwetûm gotpg hmu 04 y 42 bjpmu/ Wom |g{ ewpmdj ug dg`gpí ~pjegdgp ejo wom ~pwg`m dg mcwm ~jp iowodmeiõo ~jp mh fgoju 04 bjpmu j wtihi{mp g}wi~ju ghgetpõoieju gu~geimhi{mdju ~mpm |gpiliemp }wg oj griutmo lihtpmeijogu/ Ui hm fgf`pmom gu go `mug ujh|gotg ug dg`gpí tgogp ewidmdj dg oj ~pjdweip fjhgutimu go pgeiotju mhgdmýju( idgmhfgotg ughgeeijomp ~pjdwetju ejo `mkj |je "~mptiewhmp jpcíoiemu |jhítihgu) j ìgo m}wghhju mficm`hgu ejo gh fgdij mfìgotg/

Ifmcgo






















Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh Hífiom dg ^\E Pgejfgodmeijogu ^pg~mpmeiõo dg uw~gplieig;

Hm `mug uj`pg hm }wg ug m~hiempí hm hífiom dg ^\E( dg`g gutmp hi`pg dg ~pjtw`gpmoeimu j ippgcwhmpidmdgu }wg ~wgdmo dmýmphm/ Hju `jpdgu( gu}wiomu y ~pjtw`gpmoeimu dg`gpío ugp pgdjodgmdju( ejo wo pmdij fæoifj dg 7 efu/ Hju dmýju }wg griutmo dg`go ugp pg~mpmdju ejo fjptgpj/ Hm uw~gplieig dg`g gutmp ugem( hif~im y hi`pg dg if~pgcomeijogu dg megitg( cpmum y pgutju dg ghgfgotju ioejf~mti`hgu/ Ejfj em~m ug~mpmdjpm( motiejotmfiomotg j dg ~pjtgeeiõo( ug ~wgdg wtihi{mp cgjtgrtihgu j hífiomu dg ~jhigtihgoj/ M~hiemeiõo;

Hm hífiom ug grtigodg uj`pg hm uw~gplieig ym ~pg~mpmdm( gh lm`piemotg iodiempí ui bmy dilgpgoeim gotpg twu empmu dg }wg ljpfm ug dg`g ioutm& hmp/ Dg`g tgogp wo tpmuhm~j fæoifj dg 7 õ => ef ugcûo ti~j dg likmeiõo( tmotj hjocitwdiomh ejfj tpmou|gpumhfgotg/ Gutg tpmuhm~j ug hif~im y ug uwghdm ~jp lwuiõo ejo mipg emhigotg( ~pguijomodj go ugcwidm ejo wo pjdihhj dg emwebj uiotétiej/ Ewmh}wigp ~jpj j pmucmdwpm gu líeihfgotg pg~mpmdm ejo wo tpj{j dg hífiom uw~gp~wgutj y ujhdmdj/ Wom |g{ ejoehwidm hm woiõo dg`g bmegpug wo picwpjuj ejotpjh dg hm fiufm/ Go ~mpmfgotju |gptiemhgu ug mdbigpg m hm uw~gplieig ~jp fgdij dg mdbgui|ju gu~geimhgu( gu~geimhgu( ujhdmodj hju tpmuhm~ju ejo gh uiutgfm ojpfmh/ Hmu kwotmu gotpg hm fgf`pmom dg ^\E y ewmh}wigp ghgfgotj dg fgtmh ~wgdgo ugp ~gcmdmu y*j ughhmdmu ejo ~gcmfgotj gu~geimh ~mpm ^\E/ Hmu kwotmu gotpg ^\E y ~híutiej( bjpficõo( gte/ ug dg`go ughhmp ejo wo ~pjdwetj gu~geimh iodiemdj ~jp gh lm`piemotg/ Hmu kwotmu dg dihmtm& eiõo dg hjum ug dg`go tpmtmp ejo wo ‘lwghhg‖ dg hífiom( pghhgoj ejo gu~wfm dg ~jhiwpgtmoj/ Ug dg`g ewidmp dg ~pjygetmp hmu kwotmu dg























Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh Go {jomu tpíouitj dg`go diugýmpug ~pjtgeeijogu mdgewmdmu ~mpm g|itmp dmýju fgeíoieju/ ^wgdg ugp m~hiemdj uj`pg ~hmoebmu dg ~jhigu& tipgoj gr~modidj j ~jhiwpgtmoj pæcidj( ejhjemodj wom em~m ug~mpm& djpm dg ~jhigtihgoj/
Ejfj oj gutío diugýmdmu ~mpm hm gr~juieiõo ~gpfmogotg m hm hw{ dgh ujh j dgh tpíliej ~gmtjomh( dg`g ugp ewìgptm ejo hju jtpju ejf~jogo& tgu mdgewmdju ~mpm gh uiutgfm dg ewìgptm |gcgtmh/ Mdgfíu oj ug ~wgdgo ejfìomp ejo ghgfgotju dg ioutmhmeiõo go emhigotg oi m~hiemp mdbgui|ju ìtwfiojuju/ ^pg~mpmeiõo dg uw~gplieig;

Gh uwutpmtj dg`g gutmp dgìdmfgotg ioehiomdj( hium( ugem( hif~im dg hm uweigdmd y dg guejf`pju motgu dg hm ioutmhmeiõo dg hm `mppgpm moti& pmæ{/ Hm if~gpfgmìhi{meiõo ejfj hm miuhmeiõo tépfiem ui gu }wg bwìgpm( dg`go goejotpmpug ~gplgetmfgotg ioutmhmdmu( motgu dg hm ejhjemeiõo dg hm `mppgpm moti&pmæ{/ M~hiemeiõo;

Go m~hiemeijogu bjpi{jotmhgu( ioieig go gh grtpgfj iolgpijp dg hm ewìgptm g ioutmhmp dipgetmfgotg mh uwutpmtj gu~geiliemdj/ gu~geiliemdj/ Hm uw~gp~juieiõo uw~gp~juieiõo dg `jpdgu y hju pgew`pifigotju hjocitwdiomhgu dg`go ugp fæoifj dg 7> ff y dg`gpío idgmhfgotg ugp tgpfjlwuijomdju j ìgo ughhmdju ejo wo tm~g gu~geimhfgotg diugýmdju ~mpm gutm uitwmeiõo/ Ug dg`g pgtjpomp go tjdju hju ghgfgotju }wg |mymo m }wgdmp go ejotmetj ejo gh fgdij dg epgeifigotj dg hm |gcgtmeiõo/ Tmfìéo pgejptmphm go hju ugetjpgu dg dgumcøg ~mpm ~gpfitip gh ~muj uio jùtíewhju dgh mcwm tgoigodj ewidmdj go }wg hmu woijogu ugmo























Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh

Ifmcgo

Oj ug pgejfigodm uw wtihi{meiõo go ejokwotj ejo fmtgpimhgu m `mug dg ujh|gotg ìtwfiojuj1 j gu~gpmp m }wg éutju gutéo tjtmhfgotg ewpmdju/ Hm gutpwetwpm uj~jptmotg dg`g ugp uwm|g y ejo ~godigotg mdgewmdm ~mpm dpgomp motgu dg hm ioutmhmeiõo dg dg hm em~m dpgomkg/ ^pg~mpmeiõo dg uw~gplieig;

Gh uwutpmtj dg`g gutmp dgìdmfgotg ioehiomdj( hium( hif~im dg hm uweig& dmd y dg guejf`pju motgu dg hm ioutmhmeiõo dg hm em~m dg dpgomkg/ Go emuj dg griutip hm ioutmhmeiõo dg miuhmotg tépfiej ym ugm ~jhiguti& pgoj grtpwidj j |idpij eghwhmp ~wgdg ugp gu~geiliemdm ~jp dg`mkj j ~jp goeifm dg hm em~m dg dpgomkg/ Go ewmh}wigpm dg hju emuju pg|iump ejo hm uwcgpgoeim dgh lm`piemotg dgh ~pjdwetj "dpgomkg) m wtihi{mp/ M~hiemeiõo;

























Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh muæ ejfj tmfìéo ug ~wgdg goejotpmp go gh fgpemdj dpgomkgu }wg lwoeijomo tmfìéo ejfj mewfwhmdjp dg mcwm( djodg oj ug ghifiom tjdm gh mcwm ui oj gh greguj }wg oj gu em~m{ dg pgtgogp/ ^mpm uw ioutmhmeiõo ug dg`g ejfgo{mp ~jp hm ~mptg fíu `mkm dg hm ewìgptm dgudg djodg ug ejfigo{m m dgu~hgcmp hju pjhhju/ Hwgcj ug ejptm gh dpgomkg y hm tghm dg ljodj go hju ugetjpgu djodg griutmo dgumcøgu ~mpm fgkjpmp gh lhwkj dg mcwm/ Tmfìéo dg dg`go ejhjemp ghgfgotju ti~j tghm "~gptgogeigotgu mh uiutgfm) go tjdju hju `jpdgu/ EM^M DG DPGOMKG UIF^HG Mcwm ~pj|goigotg dgudg gh fgdij dg epgeifigotj

Lihtpj

Dpgomkg G|mewmeiõo dgh mcwm

Ifmcgo























Hm fmyjpæm dg hju ~pjdwetju diu~joi`hgu go Ebihg ejf~pgodgo gutm em~m go gu uiutgfm dg dpgomkg/ Ui ug ioutmhmpm ~jp ug~mpmdj ug dg`gpí tgogp gh ewidmdj dg dgkmphj tpmuhm~mdj mh fgoju =>ef go uwu woijogu/

Bmy }wg ugp ligh m hmu pgejfgodmeijogu dgh ti~j dg fgdij dg epgei& figotj m wtihi{mp( ym }wg hm fjdiliemeiõo dg hju ~jpegotmkgu "|jhûfg& ogu) dg ghgfgotju jpcíoieju g iojpcíoieju ~wgdgo mlgetmp dipgetm& fgotg mh dgumppjhhj dg hmu gu~geigu ughgeeijomdmu "~hmotmu) ~mpm hm ewìgptm |gcgtmh/ M~hiemeiõo

Ug dg`g ~pjtgcgp hm fg{ehm dg fgdiju dg ewhti|j dwpmotg gh mhfmeg& omfigotj ~mpm g|itmp hm dgugemeiõo dgh uwghj j dg hm ug~mpmeiõo( ejfj tmfìéo dg hm hhw|im ~mpm g|itmp hm ejotmfiomeiõo ejo ugfihhmu dg fmhg{mu/ Oj mej~imp go hwcmpgu djodg hju uwghju gutéo ejocghmdju( fjkmdju j ejo hjdj/ Gh fmtgpimh dg`g gutmp go hwcmpgu djodg oj mlgetg uw ejotg&























Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh Dg`g gutmp ìgo ioutmhmdj gh cgjtgrtih dg ~pjtgeeiõo motgu dg bmegp grtgoui|m hm fg{ehm dgh fgdij dg epgeifigotj/ Dgu~wéu dg ejhjemp hm fg{ehm dg gh fgdij dg epgeifigotj go hm ~pjlwo& didmd gu~geiliemdm( ug dg`g pg|iump }wg oj bmymo gu~meiju fgoju ejf~metmdju djodg ug ~wgdm mewfwhmp fíu mcwm dg hj ogegum& pij( ~mpm ghhj ui gu ~pgeiuj ug pghhgomo hmu ípgmu ejo fíu fmtgpimh dg fgdij dg epgeifigotj/ Bmy }wg tgogp gu~geimh ewidmdj dg oj fj|gp hj pgtgogdjpgu y }wg ewmh}wigp ghgfgotj uj`pg~wgutj ug fmotgocm go uw hwcmp/ Pg~gtip gh ~pjeguj dg ejf~metmeiõo bmutm }wg gh gu~gujp ogegumpij ugm ejoutmotg/ Ioutmhg |gcgtmeiõo go hm dgouidmd dg ~hmotmeiõo gu~geiliemdj/ Wtihi{mp ~pjtgeeiõo ejotpm hm gpjuiõo ui gu ogegumpij ~mpm g|itmp }wg gh |igotj ujem|g hm uw~gplieig/ Pigcj y lgptihi{meiõo ~wgdgo ugp ogegum& piju go `mug m hmu pgejfgodmeijogu dg hju mp}witgetju ~miumkiutmu dgh ~pjygetj/
Ug mdkwotm ewmdpj ejo pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm gh fjotmkg dg hmu gu~geigu dg hm em~m |gcgtmh( ugcûo uw fgtjdjhjcæm dg uigf`pm/
























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í p o g g u e o j u j p g w / h j h t j p p ` d / m j u m j ~ t m u t o j u ~ f h w w j g j i g h u u e d j j t t g u g t j t j é p u i j c m o m i w f g u p k p k m m p h m d g o h h j ^ f j j ~ l o e h i G / g j g j d d d i i g h j d o d o / d g d g õ g / j i j t j u f t i j t g p r h h j h t o o p g g o g j g g p g o i ~ j m i p p f y t m m g f w i i o u o m e e j i g g d h t w w g m g o f d { p g c e ` g i p g m h i m e ` j h t i * f y g u m u t j g i h m f g e ` j o d g t ~ g m F p u i | E u g G

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o / j p g t j m o g y d g m w c i j h m i f h f * j / m j e p m g p { o t o p m g w i g e u h g | g g m h d f ` i g d p d i j u j j o d y ~ m õ g u i u f F G p j h g g

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m o g h o i d g / j p w j j g t / h p u h t j j o m ~ w g p j o i g p g g m p p m m c f | m w i m j h d m * u d p e g j g h ~ d e t g j o d m ` g h | p { g j j i m d p g t j h p | g t y m u ~ w o m f g ^ j e F
























u / m t o g h w e w u m p m ~ j d m t i f i H

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h i e / æ l u i m d h p p i w g u c g g u d o g j w e ^

h w m m o u g p p m w o / j ~ j } g t ~ m e o m u u o m g d æ g i m d u f g i i c { t e g g p f p i j j h g p d e e ` g u y t m u u j j u g o h g u g e ` g g æ w m g D f } p j t h m & j i d g F

g d h m / j t t j e g g g c l g o g | t h m í g t o p t m m i g u c ` o g w i p t o e G & o o i g | í o p t g g u i g | ~ w m / u u y u m m w y d p i u g e m g t t u u h h g m m ` d m i u t u m e g u h g g p i m j e f g e o j p g E ~ |

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g d j / d o j õ i i p e g h m ~ m j t u d i i o ~ í P

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m u / w m j g m d u | m 1 t g u u t j o h ~ g g j m f p h ` p i m í p i g d m w p p j m } g f ~ p i p ^

u m j g h m i t m ( t o d d m o m g u t h p g g g ~ f t i f / u o o ` i u m g m w p h g é p j e ~ t i p t u g o h m r u e j g i g o g g o c p p m e f g j o p m o i g e ` g g u t m c p f d p m o g g e e m g i h ~ o w i ~ d ` w U
























Ifícgogu

Cgjtgrtih dg cpmo emhidmd lm`piemdj dg ~pj~ihgoj pgeiehmdj ~mpm pgtgogp bwfgdmd y mh fiufj tigf~j ejfj em~m dg ~pjtgeeiõo ~mpm g|gotwm& hgu ~wo{jomfigotju y tpmeeiõo fgeíoiem/























Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh Ui }wgdm hi`pg dgotpj dgh uiutgfm idgmhfgotg wtihi{mp ~jhigutipgoj grtpwidj j ~jhiiujeimowpmtj ewym empmetgpæutiem ~pioei~mh gu }wg oj mùjp`go |m~jp dg mcwm ejfj hj bmeg gh ~jhigutipgoj gr~modidj/ gr~modidj/ Mh ghgcip ~jhigutipgoj gr~modidj ug pgejfigodm ~pjtgcgp hm miuhmeiõo( gutí ug ioutmhm uj`pg hm if~gpfgmìhi{meiõo y uj`pg ghhm wom uj`pg hjum ~mpm gh fmogkj dg ~godigotgu y hwgcj jtpm em~m dg if~gpfgmì& hi{meiõo( muæ ug mugcwpm ~pjtgeeiõo dg hm em~m dg miuhmeiõo tépfiem/
Cgogpmhfgotg |igog ioehwidj go gh dpgomkg y tigog }wg |gp ejo hm dgeiuiõo dgh uiutgfm m wtihi{mp/ Ewmodj ujo uiutgfmu fíu ejf~hgkju ug wtihi{m wom em~m dg dpgomkg fíu wom dg mewfwhmdjp dg mcwm( uw ioutmhmeiõo gu uifihmp m hm em~m dg dpgomkg ejfûo ip m ~wotj






















Ug ejhjem uj`pg gh fgdij dg epgeifigotj( cgogpmhfgotg ujo fmhhmu ghm`jpmdmu ejo li`pmu dg ghgfgotju omtwpmhgu/ Hwgcj dg uw ejhjem& eiõo ug ~pjegdg m hm ioutmhmeiõo dg hmu ~hmotmu j uigf`pm/
Hj fíu if~jptmotg motgu dg ioutmhmp gh uiutgfm dg pigcj gu }wg hm fmtpi{ dg mcwm guté ioutmhmdm motgu dg hm if~gpfgmìhi{meiõo( gh diugýj dgh uiutgfm dg pigcj dg`g ugp bgebj ~jp wo gu~geimhiutm ugcûo tjdmu hmu |mpim`hgu griutgotgu "ehifm( ti~j dg ~hmotmu( gte) Tjdj gh uiutgfm dg emýgpæmu y |íh|whmu }wg pg}wigpm gh uiutgfm dg`go ugp uj`pg ~wgutju uj`pg hm em~m dg Dpgomkg dg tmh fmogpm dg oj iotgp& lgpip ejo gh ejppgetj lwoeijomfigotj oi dmýmp gh pgutj dg hju ghgfgotj dg hm ewìgptm |gcgtmh/

























Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh gutju fmpeju/ Dg oiocwom fmogpm dg`gpío ugp moehmdju fgeíoiem& fgotg m hm gutpwetwpm uj~jptmotg( m oj ugp }wg griutigpm wo ghgfgotj ~pg|imfgotg ioutmhmdj y ejppgetmfgotg ughhmdj g if~gpfgmìhi{mdj gu~geimhfgotg ~pg|iutj ~mpm guj/























Pgejfgodmeijogu ~mpm Ioutmhmp wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh Emkm Pgciutpm`hg Pgejfgodmeijogu

Hm emkm pgciutpm`hg gutí ejf~wgutm ~jp ghgfgotju }wg |mo uj`pg~wgu& tju uj`pg hm em~m dg dpgomkg y mhpgdgdjp dg wo dgumcøg( j ghgfgotju }wg dg`mo ugp pgciutpmdju/ Uwu ghgfgotju ug likmo fgeíoiemfgotg gotpg ghhju ~mpm dmp picidg{ m gutju fmpeju( uj`pg ghhju |m wom tm~m pgfj|i`hg/ Gu ogegumpij pgejptmp hm em~m dg dpgomkg `mkj hm emkm ~mpm fgkjpmp gh guewppifigotj dg hmu mcwmu mh dgumcøg/





































































Mogrju M ejotiowmeiõo ug mdkwotmo ewmdpju ejo hmu empmetgpæutiemu téeoiemu pg}wgpidmu ~mpm hm ughgeeiõo dg eigptju fmtgpimhgu ejf~jogotgu dg wom Ewìgptm \gcgtmh/ Empmetgpæutiemu téeoiemu Fgf`pmomu hæ}widmu dg ^jhiwpgtmoj TYÎEMH ^BYUIEMH ^PJ^GPTIGU MUTF E25< 07>CE Pg}wipgfgotu Fmtgpimh Dg`g ewpmp y fmotgogp gh ughhj ejotpm gh mcwm

























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