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LAB MANUAL FOR CCNA Version 1.0
CONTENTS: 1. Cisco Router Architecture 1.1 Block Diagram 1.2 Architectural Components of a Router 1.3 Memory Details of a Typical Cisco Router 2. Cisco Router (25xx series) and its interfaces 2.1 Interfaces Explained 2.2 Console Port Configuration 3. Cisco 2610 Router 3.1 Overview 3.2 Front Panel Description 4. Introduction to Cisco IOS 4.1 Objective Test 1 5. Command Line Interface (CLI) 5.1 User Mode 5.2 Privileged Mode 5.3 Configuration Mode 6. Basic Exercises 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5
Version 1.0
Lab Exercise 1 : Entering user EXEC prompt on a Router and Exit Lab Exercise 2 : Introduction to Basic User Interface Lab Exercise 3 : Basic Show commands Short Form Commands Objective Test 2
Lab Exercise 3 : Frame-Relay with sub-interfaces-Routing Lab Exercise 4 : Frame-Relay Show Commands Lab Exercise 5 : Frame-Relay Full Mesh Topology Objective Test 10
16. Exercises on IPv6 16.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router 16.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router interface 16.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6 address in EUI format 16.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6 address in general form 16.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring loopback interface with IPv6 address 16.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring IPv6 on two router interfaces connected directly and pinging the distant interface using console 16.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Traceroute lab 16.8 Objective Test 11 17. Exercises on IPv6 Routing Protocols 17.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling RIPng on a cisco router interface 17.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling RIPng on two routers and pinging between them 17.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Entering RIPng router configuration mode and setting global parameters on a cisco router 17.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on a router interface 17.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on two routers and pinging between them 17.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Enabling OSPF for IPv6 on a cisco router interface 17.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring OSPF on two router interfaces 17.8 Lab Exercise 8 : General IPv6 configuration on 2610 series router 17.9 Objective Test 12 18. Exercises on BGP 18.1 Lab Exercise 1: Basic BGP Configuration 18.2 Lab Exercise 2: Setting BGP attributes 18.3 Lab Exercise 3: Setting the BGP neighbor password 18.4 Lab Exercise 4: To disable the peer 18.5 Lab Exercise 5: Basic Configuration of a Peer Group 18.6 Lab Exercise 6: Configuring Multi Exit Discriminator Metric 19. Exercises on Route Redistribution 19.1 Lab Exercise 1: Route Redistribution for RIP 19.2 Lab Exercise 2: Route Redistribution for EIGRP 19.3 Lab Exercise 3: Route Redistribution for OSPF 19.4 Lab Exercise 4: Redistribution between EIGRP and OSPF 19.5 Lab Exercise 5: Redistribution between RIP and EIGRP 20. Exercises on MPLS Version 1.0
24.11 Lab Exercise 11 : VTP Scenario 24.12 Lab Exercise 12 : VLANs and Trunking 24.13 Lab Exercise 13 : Routing between VLANs (Router on a stick) 24.14 Objective Test 15 25. Final Exam 25.1 Objective Test Final Exam 26. Appendix 26.1 Answer Keys for Objective Test 1 26.2 Answer Keys for Objective Test 2 26.3 Answer Keys for Objective Test 3 26.4 Answer Keys for Objective Test 4 26.5 Answer Keys for Objective Test 5 26.6 Answer Keys for Objective Test 6 26.7 Answer Keys for Objective Test 7 26.8 Answer Keys for Objective Test 8 26.9 Answer Keys for Objective Test 9 26.10 Answer Keys for Objective Test 10 26.11 Answer Keys for Objective Test 11 26.12 Answer Keys for Objective Test 12 26.13 Answer Keys for Objective Test 13 26.14 Answer Keys for Objective Test 14 26.15 Answer Keys for Objective Test 15 26.16 Answer Keys for Final Exam 27. Icons used in the Manual
1.2. Architectural Components of a Router 1.2.1 Processor The CPU used here is typically Motorola 68030 CISC. The following are the important characteristics of the CPU. · 32 bit bus, 20 MHz clock (25 MHz on some platforms). · 256 Bytes internal Data Cache, 256 Bytes internal Instruction Cache, both direct mapped. 1.2.2 System Control Logic System Control Logic is used to help the main processor with device control, interrupt handling, counting and timing, data transfer, minimal First In, First Out (FIFO) buffering, and communication with network interfaces and Dynamic RAM (DRAM). 1.2.3 Buses CPU use Buses to access various components of the system. In addition, Buses are used to transfer instructions and data to or from specified memory addresses. CPU Bus: It is used for high speed operations with direct Processor access. System Bus: This allows communication with Ethernet/Token Ring controllers, WAN port interfaces, and so on. Version 1.0
1.2.4. Dual UART Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) provides the necessary user interface. It has one RS232 port, Data Communications Equipment (DCE) (for Console port) RJ45, and Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) (for Auxiliary port) RJ45.
1.3 Memory Details of a Typical Cisco 25xx Series Routers 1.3.1 DRAM This memory is analogous to the memory in PCs. DRAM is a fast memory and loses its contents when the system is restarted (power cycled). The DRAM has Main Processor Memory and Shared Input/Output (I/O) memory. · Main
Processor Memory is used to hold routing tables, fast switching cache, running configurations, and so on. It can take unused shared I/O memory, if needed. · Shared
I/O memory is used for temporary storage of packets in system buffers.
1.3.2 Flash Flash memory is typically located on a processor board SIMM card. Flash is a permanent storage for the Cisco IOS software image, backup configurations, and any other files. Cisco IOS software is run from the flash memory, these image files are defined as re-locatable, because the Cisco IOS software image can be executed from different locations in the Flash. 1.3.3 NVRAM NVRAM is a Non-Volatile RAM used as permanent storage and this memory is rewriteable. NVRAM is used to store the startup configuration. This is the configuration file that IOS reads after the router OS is loaded and running. It is a fast non volatile memory and does not lose contents when the router is switched off. 1.3.4 BOOT ROM This refers to erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) and is used to permanently store the startup diagnostic code (ROM Monitor), and RxBoot. Boot ROM size is 2 MB. This type of memory consists of one or more memory chips on a router's processor board. This code runs when the router starts. Version 1.0
2. CISCO ROUTER (25xx series) AND ITS INTERFACES A 2501 Cisco router is considered for the purpose of understanding typical Cisco router interfaces. Please note that this is an entry level router, and the interfaces may be quite complex for high end routers.
2.1 Interfaces Explained Console port: This is used for connecting a console to the router. The console terminal will have direct connection to the router, and you will be able to access all router interfaces and configure the same. When you receive a new router, you need to use the console port to configure it. Auxiliary port: Auxiliary port is used to access the router remotely using a modem. For this purpose, you need to have the auxiliary port configured before hand. Synchronous ports: 2501 has two synchronous ports as shown in the figure. These ports can be used to connect to any serial line. Ethernet AUI port: This port is used for connecting to the LAN.
2.2 Console port configuration The console and auxiliary ports on Cisco IOS® routers are asynchronous serial ports. The console port and the auxiliary port are configured as data terminal equipment (DTE). 2500, 2600, Version 1.0
and 3600 Series Routers use RJ-45 connectors on both console and auxiliary ports. You need to use appropriate adapter to connect to the external console or modem as required. This table shows the console port configuration for the RJ-45 connector:
Console Port(DTE)
RJ-45 to DB-25 Terminal Adapter
Console Device
RTS
1
5
CTS
DTR
2
6 (8?)
DSR
TxD
3
3
RxD
GND
4
7
GND
RxD
6
2
TxD
DSR
7
20
DTR
CTS
8
4
RTS
3. Cisco 2610 Router 3.1 Overview: Unlike Cisco 2500 routers, the 2600 series routers are modular access routers with LAN and WAN connections that can be configured by means of interchangeable modules and WAN interface cards. The available configuration options for 2610/2620 router are given below:
Version 1.0
Model
Ethernet Fast Ethernet Network (10BASE-T) (10/100) Module Slot
WAN Advanced Interface Integration Card Slots Module Slots
The rear panel of the router is shown in the figure below:
Note that the Advanced Integration Module Slots (AIM Slot) is located on the system board and you need to open the cover to access this slot. AIMs are installed by plugging into internal connectors in the router, and they require no additional external interfaces or connections. The Network Module slot can be used with any of the suitable cards, like Cisco Interface Module 8port ISDN-BRI Modem to suit specific requirements. 3.2 Front panel Description :
The front panel of a Cisco 2600 router consists of three LEDs as described below:
Version 1.0
LED
Description
Power
On if the router is switched ON and operational.
RPS (Redundant Power Supply)
Off - No RPS is attached. On - RPS is attached and operational. Blinking - RPS is attached, but has a failure.
Off - No network activity is detected (In Cisco IOS software) Blink (500 ms ON, 500 ms OFF) - In ROMMON, no errors. Blink (500 ms ON, 500 ms OFF, 2 seconds between codes) - In ROMMON, error detected. Blink (less than 500 ms)—In the Cisco IOS software, the blink rate reflects the level of activity.
The difference between the 2610 and 2620 is the type of Ethernet port. 2620 has a fast Ethernet port whereas 2610 has 10baseT Ethernet port. 1
WIC Slot 1 (Serial 0/1)
6
Ethernet 0/1 (Optionally: Token Ring 0/0)
2
WIC Slot 0 (Serial 0/0)
7
Network Module Port 0 (Serial 1/0)
3
Auxiliary Port
8
Network Module Port 1 (Serial 1/1)
4
Console Port
9
Network Module Port 2 (Serial 1/2)
5
Ethernet 0/0
10
Network Module Port 3 (Serial 1/3)
4. INTRODUCTION TO CISCO IOS Like a personal computer, a router is based on a CPU that matches the required performance and capabilities of the router. For example, the router 2501 uses Motorola 68030 processor on a system motherboard. The Cisco IOS software is network system software that runs on Cisco routers and switches. It is used to configure, monitor, and troubleshoot the devices that are connected to the system. When a router is switched ON, the bootstrap software (stored in Boot ROM) executes and searches for a valid Cisco IOS software image. The source of the Cisco IOS software image can be read from: Flash memory or a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server. The choice among the two is determined by the configuration register setting. The factorydefault setting for the configuration register is 0x2102, which indicates that the router should attempt to load a Cisco IOS software image from Flash memory. In all our exercises, it is assumed that the router boots from the Flash memory. Version 1.0
Now, connect the console port of router to the work station (WS0) Once you are connected to the router, you will be prompted with “Enable” prompt.
4.1 Objective Test 1 : Answer the following Questions 1. Where does the bootable IOS image (bootstrap code) is stored on a Cisco router? a) RAM b) ROM c) Flash Memory d) NVRAM 2. Where does the fully functional IOS image is stored in a Cisco router? a) RAM b) ROM c) Flash Memory d) NVRAM 3. Which of the following are internal configuration components of a Cisco Router? [Select all that apply] a) RAM/DRAM b) ROM c) NVRAM d) Flash Memory 4. Which command will load the Cisco router configuration into RAM? [Select 2] a) copy run start b) copy star run c) wri mem d) reload
5. CISCO IOS COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Cisco IOS has three command modes, each with access to different command sets. 5.1 User mode: This is the mode a user has access to after logging into the router. The user mode is identified by the > prompt following the host name. The user has access to some basic commands in this mode. The system cannot be configured or restarted from this mode. 5.2 Privileged mode: This is the mode where users can view the system configuration, and enter configuration mode from this mode. All the commands that are available in user mode are also available in privileged mode. Privileged mode is identified by the # prompt following the host Version 1.0
name. To enter privileged mode, one needs to type “enable” at the User mode prompt. If an enable password or enable secret password has been set, you need to enter the password or secret password to enter the privileged mode. The difference between a password and secret password is that the secret password uses stronger encryption and not stored in as plain text. 5.3 Configuration mode: This mode allows users to configure the router. To enter into the configuration mode, the user should enter the command “configure terminal” from privileged mode. Global configuration mode is identified by the (config)# prompt following the host name. After entering global configuration mode, you can enter any sub-mode depending on the configuration task. For example, if you want to configure an IP address on router’s serial interface, you need to enter (config-if)# sub mode. To exit configuration mode, the user can enter end or press Ctrl-Z. By entering the command ? at any point shows the available commands at that level. The ? can also be used in the middle of a command to show possible completion options.
6. BASIC EXERCISES
6.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Entering User EXEC prompt on a Router, and exit Description: A basic exercise, that shows how to enter into privileged EXEC prompt from user mode prompt, and exit from the same.
Instructions: 1. Enter into privileged mode 2. Get back to the user mode R1> R1>enable R1#disable R1> Back
6.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Introduction to Basic User Interface Description: This exercise helps to get familiar with the user mode, privileged mode, CLI and basic commands. Instructions: 1. Press enter to get the router prompt 2. In the user mode, type the command ? used to view all the commands in user mode 3. Enter into privileged mode 4. In the privileged mode, type the command ? to view all the commands in privileged mode 5. The command show ? displays all the show commands like show access-list, show banner, show cdp, show hosts, show flash, show protocols etc 6.The command show running-config displays the running configuration 7. Press space bar to view more information 8. The command “exit or disable” logs out the router R1> R1>? R1>enable R1# R1#? R1#show ? R1#show running-config R1#exit Or R1#disable Back
6.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Basic show commands Description: A basic exercise to get familiar and understand the various show commands available in the privileged mode. Instructions: 1. Enter into privileged mode 2. Show running-config displays the active configuration in memory. The currently active configuration script running on the router is referred to as the running-config in the router’s CLI 3. Show flash memory. Flash memory is a special kind of memory that contains the operating system image file(s) on the router 4. Show history command displays all the past commands still present in router’s memory 5. Show protocols command displays the protocols running on your router 6. Show version command displays critical information, such as router platform type, operating system revision, operating system last boot time and file location, amount of memory, number of interfaces, and configuration register Version 1.0
7. Show clock command displays the router’s clock 8. Show hosts command displays list of hosts and all their interfaces IP Addresses 9. Show users command displays list of users who are connected to the router 10. Show interfaces command displays detailed information about each interface R1> R1>enable R1#show running-config R1#show flash R1#show history R1#show protocols R1#show version R1#show clock R1#show hosts R1#show interfaces Back
6.4 Short form commands 1. copy running-config startup-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as “copy run start” command. 2. show running-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as “show run” command. 3. show startup-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as “show start” command. 4. copy running-config tftp command can be interpreted and used in short form as "copy run tftp" command. 5. copy tftp startup-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as "copy tftp start" command. Note: We can also use UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to get the previously typed command in the simulator.
6.5 Objective Test 2 : Answer the following Questions 1. You want to find the IOS version your router is running. Which command shows this information? a) show protocol b) show interface c) show processes d) show version Version 1.0
2. You intend to connect your PC directly to a Cisco router. Which of the following allow you to connect to the router directly? a) Connect PC’s COM port to the router’s console port using a patch cable. b) Connect PC’s COM port to the router’s console port using a straight through cable c) Connect PC’s COM port to the router’s console port using a rollover cable d) Connect PC’s Ethernet port to the Router’s Ethernet port using a straight through cable. 3. Which of the following can be used to view the previous command you entered into a Cisco router? [Select 2] a) CTRL+F1 b) The Down Arrow c) The Up Arrow d) CTRL + P 4. You are working in privileged mode (at # prompt). You want to get back to user mode. Which command would you type at the privileged mode prompt? a) quit b) exit c) disable d) end 5. What is the command used for copying the configuration from NVRAM to a running RAM? a) copy startup running b) copy startup-config running-config c) copy running-config startup-config d) write memory 6. Which of the following Cisco router components is used for storing a single startup configuration file? a) RAM b) ROM c) Flash Memory d) NVRAM 7. The output of “show interface s0/0” is given below. The output points to some problem with the interface. What is the likely problem? RouterA#show interface s0/0 Serial0/0 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is QUICC Serial Internet address is 213.5.3.7/16 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 … irrelevant output omitted… Version 1.0
a) There is a protocol mismatch between the communication partners on the interface. b) There is some Layer 1 problem c) The bandwidth was not set correctly d) The IP address is illegal 8. Which cable do you use for connecting a Cisco router console port to a workstation? a) A straight-through cable b) A cross-over cable c) Patch cable d) Rolled cable
7.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Banner MOTD-Setting message of the day Description: This exercise helps in understanding the procedure of setting message of the day and the show banner command . Note that the banner is set in a single command line here. You can also use multi-line banner motd command. Instructions: 1. Enter into privileged mode 2. Enter into global Configuration Mode 3. Set banner to: "Welcome to local host". Starting and ending character of the banner should be "Z" (Do not use quotes) 4. Use show banner command to view the banner that has been set R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#banner motd Z Welcome to local host Z R1(config)#exit R1#show banner Back
7.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Setting Host Name Description: This basic exercise illustrates the steps required to set a hostname to a router. Instructions: 1. Enter into privileged mode 2. Enter into global Configuration Mode 3. Set hostname as cisco R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#hostname cisco Back
7.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Router Interface Configuration Description: In this lab, you will learn to enable interfaces on a router i.e, configure Serial 0 and Ethernet 0 interfaces on a router with specified IP Address and Subnet Mask. Instructions: 1. Enter into privileged mode 2. Enter into global Configuration Mode 3. Set IP Address of Serial 0 as 196.20.32.15 and Subnet Mask as 255.255.255.5 4. Set IP Address of Ethernet 0 as 195.20.32.10 and Subnet Mask as 255.255.255.10 R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ip address 196.20.32.15 255.255.255.5 R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip address 195.20.32.10 255.255.255.10 Back
7.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Setting Bandwidth on an interface Description: Bandwidth refers to the rate at which data is transferred over the communication link. You setup the bandwidth on a given interface (interface serial 0) to a specified value (64 kbps). You also set the clockrate to 64000. Note that bandwidth is represented in kbps whereas clock rate is entered in bps. Syntax: bandwidth (interface): The command bandwidth will set and communicate the bandwidth value for an interface to higher-level protocols. Version 1.0
Ex: bandwidth 64 will set the bandwidth to 64 kbps. Use no form of the command to set the bandwidth to default value. Instructions: 1. Enter to serial 0 mode 2. Set bandwidth of serial 0 as 64 kbps 3. Set clockrate as 64000 bps R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#bandwidth 64 R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Back
7.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Setting Console Password Not Available in Demo Version
7.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Setting Telnet Password Not Available in Demo Version
7.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Setting Auxiliary Password to Router Not Available in Demo Version
7.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Implementing exec-timeout command Not Available in Demo Version
7.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Copy Running Configuration to Startup Configuration Not Available in Demo Version
7.10 : Lab Exercise 10 : Router CDP Configuration Not Available in Demo Version
8. EXERCISES ON ROUTING FUNDAMENTALS 8.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to IP Description: This lab exercise is to learn assigning IP address to routers and pinging between them to test connectivity Instructions: 1. Connect to router R1, configure its terminal and set its hostname to Router1 2. Enter interface configuration mode for Ethernet 0 interface and serial 0 interface and set its IP addresses to 10.1.10.2/24, 172.16.20.1/24 and enable the interfaces 3. Connect to router R2, configure its terminal and set its hostname to Router2 4. Enter interface configuration mode for Ethernet 0 interface and set its IP address to 10.1.10.1/24 and enable the interface 5. Connect to router R3, configure its terminal and set its hostname to Router3 6. Enter interface configuration mode for serial 0 interface and set its ip address to 172.16.20.2/24 and enable the interface 7. Ping Router2’s Ethernet interface and Router3’s serial 0 interface from Router1 8. Use the command show ip interface brief to verify that the lines and protocols are up for all Router1’s interfaces 9. Display Router1’s running configuration to verify that the IP addresses appear 10. Display detailed IP information about each interface on Router1
8.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Static Routes Description: Configure static route 172.16.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 with next hop address of 172.16.2.1. Syntax: ip route prefix mask {address|interface} [distance] prefix mask: It is the ip route prefix and mask for the destination. address|interface: Use either the next hop router ip or the local router outbound interface used to reach the destination. distance: It is the administrative distance and an optional parameter. Instructions: 1. Enter into Global Configuration Mode 2. Disable IP Routing 3. Re-enable IP Routing 4. Configure a static route with destination sub network number as 172.16.1.0, subnet mask as 255.255.255.0,and IP address of the next-hop router in the destination path to Version 1.0
172.16.2.1 R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#no ip routing R1(config)#ip routing R1(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 Note: “no ip routing” command used in the above exercise is used to remove any previously configured routing information. Back
8.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Implement and Verify Static Routes Not Available in Demo Version
8.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring Default Route Not Available in Demo Version
8.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Implement and Verify Default Routes Not Available in Demo Version
8.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring Loopback Interface Not Available in Demo Version
8.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Connectivity Tests with Traceroute Not Available in Demo Version
8.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring RIP Not Available in Demo Version
8.10 Objective Test 4 : Answer the following Questions Not Available in Demo Version
9. EXERCISES ON RIP/EIGRP Routing Scenarios 9.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : RIP Routing Configuration Scenario Description: The purpose of this exercise is to configure RIP on all the devices and test for ping and trace commands. The router rip command selects RIP as the routing protocol. The network command assigns a major network number that the router is directly connected to. The RIP routing process associates interface addresses with the advertised network number and begins RIP packet processing on the specified interfaces.
Instructions: 1. Assign the IP address of all the devices as given below
2. Bring all the interfaces to up 3. Configure RIP on all the devices 4. From R1 issue a ping and trace command to R2 and R3 On R1: R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#interface serial 1 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#router rip R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 On R2: R2>enable R2#configure terminal R2(config)#interface serial 0 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)# no shutdown R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface serial 1 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdown R2(config-if)#exit Version 1.0
10. Exercises on OSPF 10.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : OSPF Configuration in Single Area Description: In OSPF single area, you configure OSPF network with an area ID. The configuration example uses four routers working in area 200.
Instructions: 1. Based on the given network configuration, use appropriate commands to configure OSPF in networks 192.168.1.0, 192.168.2.0, 192.168.3.0 within area 200 2. Ping R3 and R4 from R1 and verify connectivity 3. Ping R1 and R3 from R4 and verify connectivity Note : You need to assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown commands at appropriate interfaces) for all the devices before proceeding with the following commands. On R1: R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 R1(config-router)#exit R1(config)#exit R1# On R2: R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 R2(config-router)#exit R2(config)#exit R2# On R3: R3(config)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 R3(config-router)#exit R3(config)#exit R3# On R4: R4(config)#router ospf 1 R4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 R4(config-router)#exit R4(config)#exit R4# On R1: R1#ping R3 Version 1.0
10.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : OSPF Troubleshooting Lab Scenario-1 Description: In OSPF single area, you configure OSPF network with an area ID. The configuration example uses four routers working in area 200.
Instructions: 1. Assign IP Addresses on all the devices as per the above table and bring all the interfaces to up state 2. On R1 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.1.0 3. On R2 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.2.0 and 192.168.3.0 4. On R3 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.2.0 5. On R4 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.3.0 6. Ping R1 from R4, you will see ping failure 7. Ping R2 from R4, you will see ping success (This implies connectivity failure from R2 to R1) 8. Issue command on R2 to see OSPF database 9. You will see that there is no link state entry for network 192.168.1.0, so enable OSPF routing on R2 for this network 10. Ping R1 from R4, you will see ping success Note : You need to assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown commands at appropriate interfaces) for all the devices before proceeding with the following commands On R1: R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 R1(config-router)#exit R1(config)#exit R1# On R2: R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 R2(config-router)#exit R2(config)#exit R2# On R3: R3(config)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 200 Version 1.0
11. Exercises on Access-Lists 11.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Creating a Standard Access List Description:Create an access-list and configure the same according to a given set of rules. Instructions: 1. Enter into Global Configuration Mode 2. Create an IP access-list to permit traffic from address 192.168.10.5, and deny all other traffic. Use 1 as IP access-list number. 3. Create an access-list 2 that blocks only the single IP address 196.145.25.5 4. Type the command used for permitting packets from any IP Address. Use Access-list number as 2 R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.5 R1(config)#access-list 2 deny 196.145.25.5 R1(config)#access-list 2 permit any Back
11.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Applying an Access List to an Interface Description: Apply access-list 1 to interface Ethernet 0 on R1. Apply the access-list on both incoming and outgoing interfaces. Instructions: 1. Enter into Interface Configuration Mode. Use the interface Ethernet 0 2. Use no shut down command on Ethernet 0 interface 3. Assuming that an access-list 1 is created, apply it to the interface Ethernet 0 as an inbound access-list 4. Apply an access-list 1 to interface Ethernet 0 as an outbound access-list R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#ip access-group 1 in R1(config-if)#ip access-group 1 out Back
11.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : View Access List Entries Description: Configure standard access-list #1 to permit ip 192.168.10.5 and view access-list entries by using appropriate show command. Version 1.0
Instructions: 1. Enter into Global Configuration Mode 2. Create an Access-list that permits traffic from address 192.168.10.5. Use access-list number 1. Exit from the global configuration mode 3. Use the show command to see the Access-list R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.5 R1(config)#exit R1#show access-list Back
11.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 1 Not Available in Demo Version
11.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 2 Not Available in Demo Version
11.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Router Access List Configuration Not Available in Demo Version
11.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring and Verifying Standard Access List Not Available in Demo Version
11.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring and Verifying Extended Access List Not Available in Demo Version
11.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Configuring and Implementing Extended Access List Not Available in Demo Version
12. EXERCISES ON NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION NAT stands for Network Address Translation is used to perform address translation between two networks, which are identified as the inside network and the outside network in NAT terminology i.e, there are primarily two ways a NAT can be defined in a network. One is NAT inside, where we define the inside local, and inside global ip addresses; and the other is NAT outside, where we define the outside local, and outside global IP addresses. Note: Please refer the below Network Diagram and IP Address Assignment Table for all the exercises in this section. Network Diagram : Given below
12.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : NAT Scenario 1 Description: The purpose of this exercise is to configure NAT on the source router (NAT inside source) and test for connectivity by pinging a remote router. NAT Mapping Table for Inside Source Inside Local
Inside Global
192.168.1.10
200.200.200.3
192.168.1.11
200.200.200.4
Instructions: 1. Assign IP addresses on all the devices as per the above table 2. Enable routing on all routers (you can use RIP/EIGRP/OSPF routing) 3. Create IP NAT Mapping (Hint: use inside source static command) on R1 4. Define IP NAT Inside and IP NAT Outside interfaces on R1 5. Test for Connectivity from PC1 to R2 by issuing ping command Note: You need to do the following before proceeding with the following commands 1. Assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown commands at appropriate interfaces) for all the devices Version 1.0
2. Enable routing on the network. You can use rip/eigrp/ospf for this purpose R1>enable R1#conf term R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.10 200.200.200.3 R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.11 200.200.200.4 R1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ip nat outside R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip nat inside R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#exit R1# PC1:ping R2 Back
12.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : NAT Scenario 2 Description: The purpose of this lab is to configure NAT on the destination router (NAT outside source) and test for connectivity by pinging a remote router. NAT Mapping Table for Outside Source Outside Local
Outside Global
10.1.1.1
200.200.200.3
10.1.1.2
200.200.200.4
Instructions: 1. Assign IP addresses on all the devices as per the table given above 2. Create IP NAT Mapping (Hint: use outside source static command) on R2 3. Define IP NAT Inside and IP NAT Outside interfaces on R2 4. Test for Connectivity from PC1 to R2 by issuing ping command Note: You need to assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown commands at appropriate interfaces) for all the devices before proceeding with the following commands R2>enable R2#conf term R2(config)#ip nat outside source static 10.1.1.1 200.200.200.3 Version 1.0
13. Exercises on DHCP 13.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring cisco router as a DHCP Server Description : This lab exercise demonstrates the required commands for DHCP Server configuration on a cisco router.
Instructions : 1. Issue service dhcp command on router R1 that enables and disables the DHCP server feature on router. By default, this is enabled. 2. Create an addressing pool for dhcp. 3. Issue network command that specifies the range of IP addresses to be assigned to clients. 4. Assign the domain-name to the client. 5. In order to resolve Host names to IP addresses, client computers require the IP addresses of DNS (Domain Name Service) servers. Use dns-server command that allows assigning upto 8 DNS server addresses to the client, but however in simulator only 1 address is allowed. 6. Specify the default-router address using default-router command that allows assigning upto 8 default-gateway addresses to the client for this range of addresses. 7. Specify the duration of the lease, which if omitted results to default 1 day. R1(config)#service dhcp R1(config)#ip dhcp pool newpool R1(config-dhcp)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 R1(config-dhcp)#domain-name xyz.com R1(config-dhcp)#dns-server 192.168.2.2 R1(config-dhcp)#default-router 192.168.2.1 R1(config-dhcp)#lease 2 R1(config-dhcp)#exit R1(config)# Back
13.2 Lab Exercise 2 : DHCP client configuration Not Available in Demo Version
13.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring two DHCP clients and DHCP verification commands Not Available in Demo Version
13.4 Objective Test 9 : Answer the following questions Not Available in Demo Version
14. Exercises on ISDN 14.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : PPP Configuration Description: This exercise helps to understand how Point to Point Protocol encapsulation works .Configure PPP across a point-to-point network as shown in the network diagram below.
Instructions: 1. Configure for PPP on router R1 Serial 0 2. Configure "stac" compression on R1 3. Configure for PPP on router R2 serial 0 4. Configure "stac" compression on R2 5. Verify PPP compression by using appropriate show command Issue the command on router2 R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp R1(config-if)#compress stac R2>enable Version 1.0
14.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring ISDN using BRI Description: The purpose of this lab exercise is to configure ISDN BRI 0 interfaces on Routers NY01 and LA01. The interface IP Addresses, Subnet Mask, and Switch-type are given in the network diagram.
Instructions: NY01: 1. Enter global configuration mode and assign hostname NY01. Specify isdn switch-type Basic5ess 2. Enter bri 0 interface configuration mode, and assign IP address as specified Version 1.0
3. Enable PPP encapsulation, and exit bri 0 interface configuration mode 4. Configure dialer string to call phone number 5554444. Specify dialer idle timeout as 10 minutes 5. Enter E0 interface configuration mode and assign IP address as specified 6. Exit interface configuration mode, and specify protocol IP to be the only interesting traffic on isdn access line 7. Apply the dialer list to interface isdn bri 0 LA01: The procedure to configure LA01 is similar to that of NY01, except for the hostname, and IP address assignment. 1. Enter global configuration mode and assign hostname LA01. Specify isdn switch-type Basic5ess 2. Enter bri 0 interface configuration mode, and assign IP address as specified 3. Enable PPP encapsulation, and exit bri 0 interface configuration mode 4. Configure dialer string to call phone number 2224444. Specify dialer idle timeout as 10 minutes 5. Enter E0 interface configuration mode and assign IP address as specified 6. Exit interface configuration mode, and specify protocol IP to be the only interesting traffic on isdn access line 7. Apply the dialer list to interface isdn bri 0 On NY01: R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#hostname NY01 NY01(config)#isdn switch-type basic-5ess NY01(config)#interface bri 0 NY01(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 NY01(config-if)#no shutdown NY01(config-if)#encapsulation ppp NY01(config-if)#exit NY01(config)#dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit NY01(config)#interface bri 0 NY01(config-if)#dial string 55554444 NY01(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout 600 NY01(config-if)#dialer-group 1 NY01(config-if)#exit NY01(config)#interface e 0 NY01(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.0.0 NY01(config-if)#end NY01 On LA01: R2>enable R2#configure terminal Version 1.0
15. Exercises on Frame-Relay 15.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring Frame-Relay without sub-interfaces Description: Configure frame-relay without using sub-interfaces. This configuration example uses full mesh topology.
Note that on a frame-relay network without sub-interfaces, the LMI-type is automatically detected. Similarly, PVC DLCIs are learned through CMS status messages. There is no need to specify the same explicitly. On the otherhand, in a FR network with point-to-point sub-interface configurations, you need to specify the interface-dlci number. Instructions: IP Address Assignment Table: Device-Interface IP Address/Mask
1. Specify frame-relay on S0 of Venus 2. Specify frame-relay on S0 of Saturn 3. Specify frame-relay on S0 of Jupiter R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#hostname Venus Venus(config)#interface serial 0 Venus(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay Venus(config-if)#ip address 192.160.1.1 255.255.255.0 Venus(config-if)#^z Venus# R2>enable R2#configure terminal R2(config)#hostname Jupiter Jupiter(config)#interface serial 0 Jupiter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay Jupiter(config-if)#ip address 192.160.1.2 255.255.255.0 Jupiter(config-if)#^z R3>enable R3#configure terminal R3(config)#hostname Saturn Saturn(config)#interface serial 0 Saturn(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay Saturn(config-if)#ip address 192.160.1.3 255.255.255.0 Saturn(config-if)#^z Saturn# Back
15.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Frame-Relay with point-to-point subinterfaces Description: Configure frame-relay using point-to-point sub-interfaces. This example uses 4 routers connected together in the form of a star using sub-interfaces.
Note that on a frame-relay network without sub-interfaces, the LMI-type is automatically detected. Similarly, PVC DLCIs are learned through CMS status messages. There is no need to specify the same explicitly. On the otherhand, in a FR network with point-to-point sub-interface configurations, you need to specify the interface-dlci number. Instructions: IP Address Assignment Table: Device-Interface-Sub Interface IP Address/Mask
16. Exercises on IPv6 16.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router Description : This lab demonstrates the steps required to enable ipv6 on a cisco router. Instructions 1. Enter into privileged mode on router R1. 2. Enter into global configuration mode. 3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of Ipv6 unicast datagrams globally on the router. R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing R1(config)#exit R1#exit R1> Note: The first step of enabling IPv6 on a Cisco router is the activation of IPv6 traffic forwarding to forward unicast IPv6 packets between network interfaces. By default, IPv6 traffic forwarding is disabled on Cisco routers. The ipv6 unicast-routing command is used to enable the forwarding of IPv6 packets between interfaces on the router. Back
16.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router interface Description : This lab demonstrates the steps required to enable ipv6 on a cisco router interface. Instructions 1. Enter into privileged mode on router R1. 2. Enter into global configuration mode. 3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of IPv6 unicast datagrams globally on the router. 4. Enter into interface configuration mode and then use the command "ipv6 enable" to enable ipv6 processing on the interface and the command also automatically configures an IPv6 link-local address on the interface. R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing R1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ipv6 enable R1(config-if)#exit Version 1.0
R1(config)#exit Note: To configure a router so that it uses only link local addresses, you only have to give ipv6 enable command. Issuing an ipv6 address command automatically configure link local addresses. Back
16.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6 address in EUI-format Not Available in Demo Version
16.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6 address in general form Not Available in Demo Version
16.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring loopback interface with IPv6 address Not Available in Demo Version
16.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring IPv6 on two router interfaces connected directly and pinging the distant interface using console Not Available in Demo Version
16.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Traceroute lab Not Available in Demo Version
16.8 Objective Test 11 : Answer the following Questions Not Available in Demo Version
17. Exercises on IPv6 Routing Protocols 17.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling RIPng on a cisco router interface Description: This lab exercise demonstrates enabling RIPng for IPv6 (next-generation RIP protocol) on a router interface. Instructions: 1. Enter into privileged mode on router R1. 2. Enter into global configuration mode. 3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of Ipv6 unicast datagrams globally on the router. 4. Enter into interface configuration mode and then use the command "ipv6 rip enable command to enable the specified RIP routing process on an interface. 5. Issue "show ipv6 rip" command that displays information about the configured RIP routing processes. R1>enable R1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing R1(config)#interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ipv6 rip pname1 enable R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#exit R1#show ipv6 rip R1#show ipv6 protocols Note: ipv6 rip enable command enables the specified IPv6 RIP routing process on an interface. The process name is only significant within the router, and allows you to run more than one RIP process if you want to. Because it is only locally significant, every router can have a different RIP process name without conflict, although we generally don't recommend this, as it can become confusing to manage.
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17.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling RIPng on two routers and pinging between them Description: This lab exercise demonstrates testing the connectivity using ping between two routers configured with RIP routing processes.
Instructions: 1. Enter into privileged mode on router London (LD). 2. Enter into global configuration mode. 3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of IPv6 unicast datagrams globally on the router. 4. Enter into interface configuration mode and then assign IPv6 address on the interface. and then use the command "ipv6 rip enable command to enable the specified RIP routing process on an interface. 5. Use the command "no shutdown" to start the protocol and issue copy run start config command 6. Enter into privileged mode on router New York (NY). 7. Enter into global configuration mode. 8. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of IPv6 unicast datagrams globally on the router. 9. Enter into interface configuration mode and then assign IPv6 address on the interface. and then use the command "ipv6 rip enable command to enable the specified RIP routing process on an interface. 10. Use the command "no shutdown" to start the protocol and issue copy run start config command 11. Ping LD from NY and test for connectivity. LD>enable LD#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. LD(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing LD(config)#interface serial 0 LD(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:3abc:d00:4ab:2::1/64 LD(config-if)#ipv6 rip process1 enable LD(config-if)#no shutdown LD(config-if)#exit LD(config)#exit LD#copy running-config startup-config LD# NY>enable NY#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. NY(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing NY(config)#interface serial 0 NY(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:3abc:d00:4ab:2::2/64 NY(config-if)#ipv6 rip process1 enable Version 1.0
18.1 : Lab Exercise 1: Basic BGP Configuration Note: This Lab has three sections I: Basic BGP Configuration Description: Describes the commands for forming BGP neighbor relationships and advertising networks. Instructions: 1. Assign the IP addresses to all the devices as per the diagram. 2. Bring all the interfaces to up. 3. Issue network command on all the devices to identify the networks to be advertised by the BGP process. 4. Issue neighbor command on Router R1 to identify each neighbor and its AS. On R1: R1>enable R1#conf term R1(config)# int s 0 R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int s 1 R1(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.0 Version 1.0
19. Exercises On Route Redistribution 19.1 : Lab Exercise 1: Route Redistribution for RIP Description: This lab exercise demonstrates the command for redistributing EIGRP, OSPF, and Static routes into RIP. Instructions: 1. Enter into router configuration mode 2. Issue command to redistribute all EIGRP routes into RIP 3. Issue command to redistribute all OSPF routes into RIP 4. Issue command to redistribute all Static routes into RIP On R1: R1>enable R1#conf term R1(config)#router rip R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 metric 1 R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 1 R1(config-router)#redistribute static metric 1 R1(config-router)#exit R1(config)# NOTE: Metric command can also be given in following way (Using the default-metric command saves work because it eliminates the need for defining the metric separately for each redistribution.) R1(config)#router rip R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 R1(config-router)#redistribute static R1(config-router)#default-metric 1 Back
19.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Route Redistribution for EIGRP Not Available in Demo Version
19.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Route Redistribution for OSPF Not Available in Demo Version
19.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Redistribution between EIGRP and OSPF Not Available in Demo Version
19.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Redistribution between RIP and EIGRP Version 1.0
20. Exercises On MPLS Note: Please refer to the below network for the exercises 20.1, 20.2,20.3 given in this section.
20.1 Lab Exercise 1: Configuring a Router for MPLS Forwarding and verifying the configuration of MPLS forwarding. Description: MPLS forwarding on Cisco routers requires that Cisco Express Forwarding
be enabled. This lab exercise demonstrates the necessary commands to enable the Cisco Express Forwarding. Instructions: 1. Enable privileged EXEC mode. 2. Enter into configuration mode 3.Enable the Cisco express forwarding on the router. R1>enable R1#conf term R1(config)#ip cef R1(config)#exit
Back 20.2 Lab Exercise 2: Enabling MPLS Description: The following example shows how to configure MPLS hop-by-hop forwarding on the interface. Instructions: 1. Enable privileged EXEC mode. Version 1.0
2. Enter into configuration mode 3. Enable the Cisco express forwarding on the router 4. Enter into interface configuration mode 5. Configures MPLS hop-by-hop forwarding on the interface. 6. Exit interface configuration mode R1>enable R1#conf term R1(config)#ip cef R1(config)#interface s 0/0 R1(config-if)#mpls ip R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#exit Note: Router(config)#mpls ip Configures MPLS hop-by-hop forwarding globally. The MPLS ip command is enabled by default; you do not have to specify this command.Globally enabling MPLS forwarding does not enable it on the router interfaces. You must enable MPLS forwarding on the interfaces as well as for the router.
Back 20. 3 Lab Exercise 3: Configuring MPLS LDP Description: This lab exercise explains how to configure MPLS LDP sessions between two directly connected routers. That is to establish LDP as the label distribution protocol on all the interfaces. Instructions: 1. Enable privileged EXEC mode. 2. Enter into configuration mode. 3. Enable the Cisco express forwarding on the router 4. Configure LDP on all interfaces 5. Enter into interface configuration mode 6. Configures MPLS hop-by-hop forwarding on the interface. 7. Exit interface configuration mode 8. Exits global configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode. 9. Issue “show mpls interfaces” command to verify that the interfaces have been configured to use LDP. R1>enable R1#conf term R1(config)#ip cef R1(config)#mpls label protocol LDP R1(config)#interface s 0/0 Version 1.0
R1(config-if)#mpls ip R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#exit R1#show mpls interfaces Note : To specify the MPLS Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) on all the interfaces, use the “mpls label protocol ldp” command in global configuration mode. LDP enables peer label switch routers (LSR) in a MPLS network to exchange label binding information for supporting hop-by-hop forwarding in a MPLS network. To establish LDP as the Label Distribution Protocol for an interface. The following command is used in interface mode. Router(config-if)# mpls label protocol ldp The show mpls interfaces command ensures that MPLS is globally enabled. This command also verifies that a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) runs on the requested interfaces: The screen shot of 'Show MPLS interfaces' command is shown below
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20.4 Lab Exercise 4: Configuring MPLS using EIGRP Not Available in Demo Version 20.5 Lab Exercise 5: Configuring MPLS using OSPF Not Available in Demo Version 20.6 Lab Exercise 6: Configuring MPLS using RIP Not Available in Demo Version 20.7 Lab Exercise 7: MPLS Show commands Not Available in Demo Version 20.8 Objective Test 13 : Answer the following Questions Not Available in Demo Version Version 1.0
21. CISCO SWITCH ARCHITECTURE 21.1 Cisco 2950 switch (CISCO CATALYST 2950 24 PORT SWITCH WS-C2950-24 10/100) Front Panel: The switch front panel consists of 24 RJ-45 port connectors that support 10/100 Mbps speed and LED indicators as shown in the figures below. Please note that the 2950 series switches come in different flavors and vary greatly in the number and type of ports available.
Explanation: The switch front panel contains Ports, LEDs and the Mode button. Ports: 1. 10/100 Ports These use RJ-45 Connectors and twisted-pair cabling and they can be connected to 10BASE-Tcompatible devices, such as workstations and hubs, or 100BASE-TX-compatible devices, such as high-speed workstations, servers, hubs, routers, and other switches. The 10/100 ports can be explicitly set to operate in any combination of half duplex, full duplex, 10 Mbps, or 100 Mbps. 2. 100BASE-FX Ports The 100BASE-FX Ports use 50/125- or 62.5/125-micron multimode fiber-optic cabling. These ports only operate at 100 Mbps in full-duplex mode. You can connect a 100BASE-FX port to an SC or ST port on a target device by using one of the MT-RJ fiber-optic patch cables 3. 10/100/1000 Ports The 10/100/1000 ports on Catalyst 2950T-24 switches use RJ-45 connectors and twisted-pair cabling. The ports can connect to10BASE-T-compatible devices, such as workstations and hubs or 100BASE-TX-compatible devices, such as high-speed workstations, servers, hubs, routers, and other switches or 1000BASE-T-compatible devices, such as high-speed workstations, servers, hubs, routers, and other switches. LEDs: You can use the LEDs to monitor switch activity and performance. Changing the port mode changes the information provided by each port status LED.
21.2 Management Options Catalyst 2950 switches offer these management options: Cluster Management Suite (CMS) CMS is made up of three web-based applications that you use to manage switches. You can use Cluster Builder, which includes Cluster View, and Cluster Manager to create, configure, and monitor switch clusters. You can also use Device Manager to manage individual and standalone switches. IOS command-line interface (CLI) You can manage switches by using command-line entries. To access the CLI, connect a PC or terminal directly to the console port on the switch rear panel. If the switch is attached to your network, you can use a Telnet connection to manage the switch from a remote location. CiscoView application You can use the CiscoView device-management application to set configuration parameters and to view switch status and performance information. This application, which you purchase separately, can be a standalone application or part of an Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) network-management platform. You can manage switches by using an SNMP-compatible management station running platforms such as HP OpenView and SunNet Manager. The switch supports a comprehensive set of MIB extensions and MIB II, the IEEE 802.1D bridge MIB, and four RMON groups. For more information, refer to the documentation that came with your SNMP application.
21.3 Cisco 1912 – 12 port switch: The Cisco Catalyst 1900 series of switches offer an economical option for Ethernet networks. There are two Catalyst 1900 switches, the 1912, with 12 10BaseT switched ports and two Fast Ethernet switched ports, and the 1924 with 24 10BaseT switched ports and two Fast Ethernet switched ports. The Cisco Catalyst 1900 switch is useful for small workgroups needing switched 10-Mbps ports. Cisco has created a Command-Line Interface (CLI) for the 1900 series of switches.
The figure above shows a 24-port 1900 switch with 2 Fast Ethernet ports. · 10BaseT ports The 10BaseT network ports use standard RJ-45 connectors. These ports can connect to 10BaseTcompatible devices, such as individual workstations and hubs, with Category 3, 4, or 5 cabling. Using this type of cabling, the distance between the switch and the attached device can be up to 100 meters. · Switched 100-Mbps Ports The switches can have any of the following high-speed ports (depends on model): o Two switched 100BaseTX ports o One switched 100BaseTX port and one switched 100BaseFX port o Two switched 100-Mbps fiber-optic ports Rear-Panel Description The rear panel of a Catalyst 1900 switch consists of the following: 1. AC power connector 2. Console port 3. Redundant power system (RPS) connector and 4.
22. CISCO SWITCH IOS 22.1 Logging In To The Switch When Catalyst switches are configured from the CLI that runs on the console or a remote terminal, the Cisco IOS Software provides a CLI called the EXEC. The EXEC interprets the commands that are entered and carries out the corresponding operations. For security purposes, the EXEC has the following two levels of access to commands: 1. User mode: Typical tasks include those that check the status of the switch, such as some basic show commands. 2. Privileged mode: Typical tasks include those that change the configuration of the switch. This mode is also known as enable mode. If you have the password that gets you to this privileged enable mode, you basically will have access to all possible device configuration commands. To change from user EXEC mode to privileged EXEC mode, enter the enable command. The switch then prompts for the enable password if one is configured. Enter the correct enable password. By default, the enable password is not configured.
Note: Please refer to the below network diagram for all the exercises in this section.
22.2 : Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to switch Description: A basic exercise to get familiar with the different commands related to switch . Choose 2950 switch from the N/W diagram, and use the following commands. The switch initial startup status can be verified using the below status commands: Show version: Displays the configuration of the system hardware and the currently loaded IOS software version information Show running-config: Displays the current active running configuration of the switch.This command requires privileged EXEC mode access. Show interfaces: Displays statistics and status information of all the interfaces on the switch. Instructions: 1. Connect to switch and you should see the user mode prompt 2. Show version command displays the IOS version of the switch 3. Show interfaces command displays the interfaces of the switch 4. Show running-config displays the running configuration 2950>enable 2950#show version Version 1.0
2950#show interfaces 2950#show running-config Back
22.3 : Lab Exercise 2 : Switch 2950 Console Password Assignment Description: Select 2950 switch using the N/W Diagram button in the router simulator. Assign password "consolepass" to line console 0. Use the line console 0 command, followed by the password and login subcommands, to require login and establish a login password on the console terminal or on a VTY port. By default, login is not enabled on the console or on VTY ports. Instructions: 1. Enter global configuration mode 2. Enter line sub-configuration mode 3. Set the console password to "consolepass" 4. Exit line configuration mode 2950>enable 2950#configure terminal 2950(config)#line console 0 2950(config-line)#password consolepass 2950(config-line)#exit Back
22.4 : Lab Exercise 3 : Switch 2950 VTY password assignment Not Available in Demo Version
22.5 : Lab Exercise 4 : Switch 2950: Setting Privileged Password Not Available in Demo Version
22.6 : Lab Exercise 5 : Enable Fast Ethernet Interface on a 2950 switch Not Available in Demo Version
22.8 : Lab Exercise 7 : Basic Switch Interface Configuration Not Available in Demo Version
22.9 : Lab Exercise 8 : Catalyst 2950 Switch Configuration Not Available in Demo Version
23. Exercises on Spanning Tree Protocol Note : Please refer to the below network for the exercises in this section. Also note that the spanning-tree commands are made available only on 2950 switch in the simulator.
23.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling STP Description : This lab exercise demonstrates the necessary commands to enable and disable spanning tree protocol on a switch. Instructions: Version 1.0
1. Enter into configuration mode on SW1 2. Issue command "spanning-tree vlan to enable spanning-tree on a specified VLAN 3. Issue no form of the command "spanning-tree vlan to disable spanning-tree on the VLAN specified. SW1>enable SW1#configure terminal SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 SW1(config)#no spanning-tree vlan 1 SW1(config)#exit SW1# Note: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is enabled by default on modern switches. It is possible to disable or enable the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) when required. Back
23.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Root Switch Description : This lab exercise demonstrates the necessary commands to configure the root switch. Instructions: 1. Enter into configuration mode on SW1 2. Issue the command "spanning-tree vlan root" that modifies the switch priority from the default 32768 to a lower value to allow the switch to become the root switch for VLAN 1 3. Verify the configuration using “show spanning-tree” command. SW1>enable SW1#configure terminal SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root SW1(config)#exit SW1#show spanning-tree Back
23.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring Port-Priority Not Available in Demo Version
23.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring the switch priority of a VLAN Version 1.0
24. EXERCISES ON SWITCH CONFIGURATION AND VLAN 24.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Basic Switch IP Configuration Description: Configure hostname as 2950, and set the switch ip address to 172.16.1.10, subnet mask 255.255.255.0. Also, set the default-gateway to 172.16.1.2 Instructions: 1. Enter user Exec mode 2. Enter privileged Exec mode 3. Assign the hostname “2950” 4. Assign an ip address 172.16.1.10 255.255.255.0 5. Assign default gateway route 172.16.1.2 6. Exit switch configuration mode SW1>enable SW1#configure terminal SW1(config)#hostname 2950 2950(config)#interface vlan 1 2950(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.10 255.255.255.0 2950(config-if)#exit 2950(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.1.2 2950(config)#end Back
24.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring 2950 Switch vlan Description: Configure vlan1 on 2950 switch, and set the ip address to 192.16.2.3 mask 255.255.255.0. Set ip default-gateway to 172.16.2.2. copy running configuration to startup configuration. Instructions: 1. Enter privileged exec mode 2. Enter global configuration mode 3. Assign IP address 172.16.2.3 mask 255.255.255.0 on VLAN1 4. Set the default gateway to 172.16.2.2 5. Save the configuration to NVRAM 2950>enable 2950#configure terminal 2950(config)#interface vlan 1 2950(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0 Version 1.0
2950(config-if)#exit 2950(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.2.2 2950(config)#end 2950#copy running-config startup-config Back
24.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : 2950 Trunking Configuration Description : This exercise concentrates on establishing a trunk-line between the switches. The command used to configure trunking is switchport mode trunk.
Instructions : 1. Connect to SW1 and configure fast ethernet interface fa 0/11 on the switch 2. Configure trunking on the switch by issuing command switchport mode trunk 3. Connect to SW2 and configure fast ethernet interface fa 0/11 on the switch 4. Configure trunk line on the switch by issuing switchport mode trunk command 5. Configure WS1 with IP Address 192.168.100.1/24 and WS2 with IP Address 192.168.100.2/24 SW1>enable SW1#configure terminal SW1(config)#interface fa 0/11 SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk SW1(config-if)#exit SW1(config)#exit SW1# SW2>enable SW2#configure terminal SW2(config)#interface fa 0/11 SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk SW2(config-if)#exit SW2(config)#exit SW2# WS1:ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 WS2:ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0 Version 1.0
24.13 : Lab Exercise 13 : Routing between VLANs (Router on a stick) Not Available in Demo Version
24.14 Objective Test 16 : Answer the following Questions Not Available in Demo Version
25. FINAL EXAM 25.1 Objective Test Final Exam Not Available in Demo Version
26. Appendix 26.1 : Answer keys for Objective Test 1 1. b Explanation : Typically, a Cisco router has the following types of memory components: 1. RAM (or DRAM): This type of memory is used for working storage. This is where part of IOS image, routing tables, packets, and others are stored during normal working of a router. RAM is erased when the router is powered off. 2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM stores bootstrap code for booting Cisco IOS. It points to the functional IOS image so that the router can complete its start-up configuration successfully. It is somewhat analogous to the BIOS in PC. ROM also contains a small portion of IOS. 3. Flash memory: Flash memory contains the fully functional IOS images. It is the default location for getting IOS image at boot time. You can loosely compare the IOS image with operating system (say DOS). 4. NVRAM: NVRAM stands for Non Volatile RAM. NVRAM stores the initial or startup configuration file. 2. c Explanation : Typically, a Cisco router has the following types of memory components: Version 1.0
1. RAM (or DRAM): This type of memory is used for working storage. This is where part of IOS image, routing tables, packets, and others are stored during normal working of a router. RAM is erased when the router is powered off. 2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM stores bootstrap code for booting Cisco IOS. It points to the functional IOS image so that the router can complete its start-up configuration successfully. It is somewhat analogous the BIOS in PC. ROM also contains a small portion of IOS. 3. Flash memory: Flash memory contains the fully functional IOS images. It is the default location for getting IOS image at boot time. You can loosely compare the IOS image with operating system (say DOS). 4. NVRAM: NVRAM stands for Non Volatile RAM. NVRAM stores the initial or startup configuration file. 3. a b c d (all of them) Explanation : ROM (Read Only Memory): Memory containing micro-code for basic functions to start and maintain the router. ROM is not typically used after the IOS is loaded. RXBOOT is located here. RAM/DRAM : Stores the running configuration, routing tables, and packet buffers. Some routers, such as the 2500 series, run IOS from Flash, not RAM. NVRAM (Non-Volatile Ram): Memory that does not lose information when power is lost. Stores the system’s configuration file and the configuration register. NVRAM uses a battery to maintain the data when power is turned off. Flash Memory: Stores the compressed IOS (IOS stands for Cisco Internetwork Operating System) image. Flash memory is either EEPROM or PCMCIA card. Flash memory enables you to copy multiple versions of IOS software. This allows you to load a new lever of the operating system in every router in your network and then, to upgrade the whole network to that version at a convenient time. 4. b and d Explanation : Both "copy star run" and "reload" will load Cisco router configuration into RAM.
26.2 : Answer Keys for Objective Test 2 1. d Explanation : Show version command displays the current version of the Version 1.0
Cisco IOS. In addition, this command displays the following important information: - How long the router has been up (length of time since boot-up). - How the system was started (power on etc.) - From where the system was loaded from ( booted via flash , or tftp etc.) - The contents of configuration register. 2. c Explanation : There are different types of cables: 1. Straight through cable: This is also known as patch cable. A straight through cable is used to connect a computer to a hub or a switch. 2. Crossover cable: A crossover cable is used to connect one computer A to the other computer B without using a switch or hub. 3. Rollover cable: A rollover (also known as console cable) is used to connect to routers for configuration purpose. Also, you can’t connect the Ethernet port on PC to another Ethernet port on a router using a straight through cable. You need crossover cable for this purpose. Also, the PC need to have a network card, and appropriate networking protocol stack properly installed and configured. 3. c and d Explanation : The following are some important commands that can be used to edit and review command history buffer. It will be useful to practice these commands. A : Move to the beginning of the command line E : Move to the end of the command line F : Move forward one character, same as using "Right Arrow". B : Move backward one character, same as using "Left Arrow". P : Repeat Previous command, same as using "Up Arrow". N : Repeat Next (more recent) command, same as using "Down Arrow". B : Moves to beginning of previous word. Version 1.0
F : Moves to beginning of next word. R : Creates new command prompt, followed by all the characters typed at the last one. 4. c Explanation : Router modes of operation: 1. User EXEC mode:- This is the LOWEST level of access. This allows examination of router status, see routing tables, and do some diagnostics. However, you cannot change the router configuration, view the configuration files, or control the router in any way. The prompt in this mode is "Router>". 2. Privileged (enable) EXEC mode:- This mode allows you to have all the privileges of EXEC (user) mode plus commands that enable you to view configuration files, change the router configuration, perform troubleshooting that could potentially disrupt traffic. The default prompt for this mode is "Router#". When you are working in the privileged mode (at # prompt), you can get back to user mode by typing "disable" at the "#" prompt. 5. b Explanation : Key word: COPY This command copies configuration information to specified location. The following are some frequently used COPY commands: COPY RUNNING-CONFIGURATION STARTUP-CONFIGURATION (alternatively, you can use an older version of the command, WRITE MEMORY): This command saves the current configuration to NVRAM. Alternatively, we can issue the command using short form: COPY RUNNING STARTUP - Copies configuration from RAM to NVRAM COPY STARTUP RUNNING - This command merges configuration from NVRAM to RAM. COPY FLASH TFTP - Copies current IOS from router flash memory to TFTP server. COPY TFTP FLASH - Copies image file from TFTP server to flash. This is used to upgrade the IOS image file to a newer version, or if your IOS image becomes corrupt.
6. d Explanation : Typically, a Cisco router has the following types of memory components: 1. RAM (or DRAM): This type of memory is used for working storage. This is where part of IOS image, routing tables, packets, and others are stored during normal working of a router. RAM is erased when the router is powered off. 2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM stores bootstrap code for booting Cisco IOS. It points to the functional IOS image so that the router can complete its start-up configuration successfully. It is somewhat analogous the BIOS in PC. ROM also contains a small portion of IOS. 3. Flash memory: Flash memory contains the fully functional IOS images. It is the default location for getting IOS image at boot time. You can loosely compare the IOS image with operating system (say DOS). 4. NVRAM: NVRAM stands for Non Volatile RAM. NVRAM stores the initial or startup configuration file. 7. b Explanation : The first line “Serial0/0 is down, line protocol is down” says that the Serial 0/0 is down. It usually means a hardware failure on the router interface. Therefore, it is recommended to check Layer 1 (Physical layer) parameters. If the Physical layer is okay, and if there is any problem with protocol matching, you usually get the error “Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down”. 8. d Explanation : 1. A straight-through cable is what you normally use to connect a PC to a hub or switch 2. A crossover cable is a special type of Ethernet cable used to connect a PC to a PC or a switch to a switch 3. A rolled cable isn’t actually an Ethernet cable, but looks like one. It is used to connect a PC to a switch’s console port, for management. This cable is normally used when configuring a Cisco switch or a router for the first time.
26.3 : Answer keys for Objective Test 3 Not Available in Demo Version
6. Ethernet-Icon to represent Layer 1 or 2 Ethernet cable
7. Network Cloud
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